并列连词、复合句及特殊句式（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析

并列连词、复合句及特殊句式（全国卷）-最新历年高考英语真题分类汇编与考势分析
专题六 并列连词、复合句及特殊句式
考纲解读
高考考纲 近4年考情 命题规律 命题趋势
1. 并列复合句 2. 主从复合句 a) 宾语从句 b) 状语从句 c) 定语从句 d) 主语从句 e) 表语从句 3. 倒装 4. 强调 5. 连词 6. 祈使句、there be等句型 1. 2020(连词、定语从句) 2. 2019（连词，定语从句，名词性从句，there be句型） 3. 2018（连词、定语从句） 4. 2017（定语从句、连词） 连词侧重考查句子间的逻辑关系，例如：顺承、选择、转折等； 定语从句侧重考查关系代词和关系副词的选用。 1. 定语从句中which、that、who、where、when等是考查重点。 2. 连词考查and、or、but、或一些句式如not only…but also等的用法较多。 3. 今年考查了there be句型，特殊句型以后可能会有出现。
全国卷四年真题汇编
一
1. 单句语法填空
1. (2021全国甲卷)My bike was old and shaky ________ did the job.
2. (2021全国新高考I卷)________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
3. (2021全国新高考I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
4. (2020·全国Ⅰ)Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
5. (2019·全国Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
6. (2019·全国Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
7. (2019·全国Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, __________ because I want to.
8. (2019·全国Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
9. (2018·全国Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________ showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
10. (2017·全国Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, __________ is not good for the health.
11. (2017·全国Ⅲ)But Sarah, __________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】1. but
2. What
3. and
4. where
5. that
6. which
7. but
8. who
9. that/which
10. which
11. who
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1. 考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
2. 考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
3. 考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights
the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
5. 考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
6. 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
7. 考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。
8. 考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
9. 考查定语从句。句意：这篇评论的两个作者在2014年出版了一份研究报告，它表明每天仅仅5-10分钟的跑步可以降低心脏病和各种原因造成早死的风险。空格处为关系代词，作定语从句的主语，先行词为a study (published in 2014)。故填that/which。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：像其他东西一样，这两样东西也可能吃得太多，这对健康是没好处的。非限制性定语从句中缺主语，用which代替前面句子的内容。故填which。
11. 考查定语从句。句意：但是Sarah已经和顶尖模特参加了一些表演，想去证明她不仅仅有美貌而且有智力。从句子结构上看，空格处应该缺作主语的一个非限制性定语从引导词，由先行词Sarah可知，用who。故填who。
二
2. 下列各句中均有一处错误，指出并改正。
1. (2021全国甲卷)In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.
2. (2021全国乙卷)I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
3. (2020·全国Ⅰ)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
4. (2020·全国Ⅱ)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
5. (2020·全国Ⅱ)Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
6. (2020·全国Ⅲ)In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
7. (2020·全国Ⅲ)I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
8. (2019·全国Ⅰ)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
9. (2019·全国Ⅰ)Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
10. (2019·全国Ⅱ)They were two reasons for the decision.
11. (2019·全国Ⅱ)When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.
12. (2019·全国Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
13. (2018·全国Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.
14. (2018 全国Ⅰ)They also had a small pond, which they raised fish.
15. (2018·全国Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
16. (2018·全国Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
17. (2017·全国Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.
18. (2017·全国Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
19. (2017 全国Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
20. (2017 全国Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
【答案】1. where改为when/whenever
2. whatever改为whenever
3. but→and
4. what→which
5. for→but / yet
6. 去掉and
7. what→that
8. where→when
9. but→and
10. They→There
11. or→and
12. what→that/which
13. but→and
14. which→where
15. where→when
16. and→or
17. so→but
18. and→but
19. that→which
20. they→which或that
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1. 考查连词。句意：在我看来，当我们有麻烦时（无论什么时候我们有麻烦时），我们应该从我们最相信的人们那里寻求帮助。分析可知，本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主句为we should seek help...，从句表示的含义为无论什么时候我们有麻烦或者当我们有麻烦时，所以应用when/whenever引导。故where改为when/whenever。
2. 考查连词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知，此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”，所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。
3. 考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。
4. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.
5. 考查连词。句意：但我早就不练习了。分析句子，此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but / yet。
6. 考查简单句。句意同上。这是一个简单句，前面in order to…作目的状语，不用连词and，所以去掉and。
7. 考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
8. 考查定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是one afternoon，关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以此处应用表示时间的when。故将where改为when。
9. 考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
10. 考查there be句型。句意：这项决定有两个原因。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释，故此处要用there be句型。故将they改为there。
11. 考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。“重新考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。
12. 考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。
13. 考查连词。根据he agreed可知，和前面的句子是顺承关系，故把but改成and。
14. 考查定语从句。which they raised fish是非限制性定语从句，先行词是a small pond，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词引导。故把which改成where。
15. 考查连词。句意：句意：我父母在我小的时候教会我的游戏后来在我生活中是非常有用的。表示“当我还是个孩子的时候”，故把where改成when。
16. 考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默，等着看谁会被叫起来大声读他或她的文章。根据语境可知，his and her paragraph应该是选择关系，故把and改成or。
17. 考查连词。句意：在进入车之前，我认为我已经明白了教练的指示，但是一旦我上了车，我的大脑一片空白。此处是转折关系，故把so改成but。
18. 考查固定句型。句意：在过去的几年里，我不仅生理上成长了，而且在精神上也有成长。本句运用了not only…but also句型，故把and改成but。
19. 考查定语从句。that is on the rooftop of their house.是非限制性定语从句，此处不能用that，根据先行词是their garden，故把that改成which。
20. 考查定语从句。“the things ”后面句子是定语从句，修饰the things，需用作主语的关系代词引导。故把they改成which或that。