Module 6 Eating together
Unit 3
被动语态
(一) 语态分类: 英语动词有两种语态, 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如: They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
(二) 构成: 由系动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(三)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上, 其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
时态 构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are +动词过去分词 Forks are used for western food.
一般过去时 was/were+动词过去分词 A new shop was built last year.
一般将来时 will be+动词过去分词be going to be+动词过去分词 A new library will be built next year. Trees are going to be planted next year.
含情态动词时 情态动词+be+动词过去分词 A car can be repaired here.
(四)被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时, 常用被动语态, 这时往往不用by 短语。
Mr White, the cup was broken after class.
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者, 如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by 短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者, 也不是动作的承受者时, 这时常用in + 名词作状语, 而代替 by 短语。
These cars were made in China.
图增学趣
名师授道
1. 在解答语态题目时, 首先判断主语与谓语动词的关系, 若是主动关系, 用主动语态; 若是动宾关系, 用被动语态。
2. 在被动语态中, 所有时态的被动语态的构成均符合: be+动词的过去分词。根据不同时态的构成直接套用该结构即可。如: 若是一般现在时, be动词则可为am/is/are; 若是一般过去时, be动词则可为was/were; 若是现在完成时, be动词则可为have/has been。
多学一点
1. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
(2)把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词, 时态要与原句保持一致。
(3)把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语, 放在被动语态里谓语动词之后, by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词, 在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
2. 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语变为被动语态时, 不定式前必须补加上不定式符号to。如: make sb. do sth. 变为被动语态时为sb. be made to do sth. 。
Ⅰ用括号内单词的适当形式填空
1. More trees (plant)around our city next year.
2. The boy with a pair of glasses (call)David.
3. Mrs Huang (send)to a school in Jamaica to teach the students Chinese last year.
4. Tony was asked (make)a speech at the party.
5. Our classroom must (keep)clean and tidy.
Ⅱ按要求完成句子
1. Joe cleaned the blackboard just now. (改为被动语态)
The blackboard by Joe just now.
2. Dick will buy a car next year. (改为被动语态)
A car next year.
3. Ben has fixed Jane’s computer. (改为被动语态)
Jane’s computer Ben.
4. Mary is helped with English by Jenny every day. (改为主动语态)
Jenny English every day.
5. Lin Feng made the baby laugh. (改为被动语态)
The baby by Lin Feng.
Ⅰ单项选择
( )1. (2021·重庆中考)A lot of trees in our city in spring every year.
A. are planted B. were planted
C. plant D. planted
( )2. (2021·天津中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he still by people of all ages.
A. will; love
B. was; loved
C. is; loved
D. will; be loved
( )3. (2021·遂宁中考)To celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China, a speech competition in our school last week.
A. hold B. held
C. is held D. was held
( )4. (2021·昆明中考)A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they to make their own decisions.
A. should allow
B. shouldn’t allow
C. should be allowed
D. shouldn’t be allowed
Ⅱ根据语境或提示完成句子
1. (2020·杭州中考)Many road accidents can be a if we all follow traffic rules.
2. (2020·黔南州中考)If the air is (pollute), it is dangerous and will do harm to our health.
3. (2020·呼和浩特中考)In order to live in a better place, the natural environment must be (protect) by all the people.
4. (2020·牡丹江中考)Did you give back your book to the library last Friday (改为被动语态)
your book back to the library last Friday
5. (2020·上海中考) The 13-year-old one-armed basketball player attracted a lot of fans. (改为被动语态)
A lot of fans by the 13-year-old one-armed basketball player.
话题词汇
餐具 chopsticks 筷子; knife 餐刀; fork餐叉; spoon勺子; bowl碗; plate盘子
食物 tomato西红柿; fish鱼肉; chicken鸡肉; beef牛肉; milk牛奶; juice果汁; hamburger汉堡; noodles面条; chicken wings鸡翅
食物味道 delicious美味的; salty咸的; sour酸的; sweet甜的; crispy脆的; fresh新鲜的
用餐礼仪 polite礼貌的; rude粗鲁的; toast为……祝酒; longevity长寿; talk with one’s mouth full吃着东西说话
话题句式
开头句:
1. There are many differences between Chinese and Western eating habits and customs.
中西之间的饮食习惯与习俗有很多不同之处。
2. Welcome to China! 欢迎来到中国!
过渡句:
1. Now let me tell you something about Chinese table manners.
现在让我告诉你一些关于中国餐桌礼仪的事情。
2. Do you know the differences between them
你知道他们之间的不同吗
结尾句:
1. I’m sure you will have a good time in China.
我相信你会在中国玩得很愉快。
2. Hope these are helpful to you. 希望这些对你有帮助。
3. Please tell me if there’s anything else you want to know. 如果你还有什么想知道请告诉我。
话题谚语:
When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
(2021·台州中考)
假如你是李华, 请给你的外国好友Andrew写一封电子邮件, 介绍你校美食文化节(food festival)的相关内容及举办目的, 并邀请他参加此次美食节。邮件内容包括:
Time 2: 00 p. m. Friday, June 25th
Place the school playground
Activities cook, have something delicious
Aims experience Chinese food culture, raise money for charity. . .
注意:
(1)邮件必须包括表格中的所有信息, 可适当发挥;
(2)邮件中不得出现真实人名和校名等相关信息;
(3)词数: 80～100。邮件的开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
To: Andrew
From: Li Hua
Hi, Andrew, How’s it going ____________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Li Hua
Step 1 “四定”审题
(1)定文体: 该文是以电子邮件的形式邀请好友参加“美食节”, 文体为 。
(2)定人称: 该文以电子邮件的形式邀请好友参加“美食节”, 所以应该以 为主。
(3)定时态: 本文是以电子邮件的形式邀请好友参加“美食节”, 是将要发生的事情, 所以应用 。
(4)定要点:
要点1: 写电子邮件的目的
be fond of, school food festival. . .
要点2: 介绍“美食节”具体事宜
on the school playground, something delicious, cook food, raise money for charity, a good chance, Chinese traditional food culture, happiness, love and team spirit. . .
要点3: 期待答复
look forward to, reply. . .
Step 2 段落谋篇
第一段: 写电子邮件的目的
1. 知道你喜欢吃东西。
2. 我写信邀请你参加我们学校的美食节。
第二段: 具体介绍“美食节”的具体事宜。
3. 我们很高兴吃到像饺子和粽子这样好吃的东西。
4. 这个节日一定会给我们提供一个展示和体验中国传统饮食文化的好机会。
5. 一般表达: We can share happiness, love and team spirit.
高级表达: (It’s a time for us to do sth. )
第三段: 期盼答复。
6. 期待你的回复。
Step 3 润色成篇
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- 1 -Module 6 Eating together
Unit 3
被动语态
(一) 语态分类: 英语动词有两种语态, 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如: They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)
A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
(二) 构成: 由系动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(三)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上, 其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
时态 构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are +动词过去分词 Forks are used for western food.
一般过去时 was/were+动词过去分词 A new shop was built last year.
一般将来时 will be+动词过去分词be going to be+动词过去分词 A new library will be built next year. Trees are going to be planted next year.
含情态动词时 情态动词+be+动词过去分词 A car can be repaired here.
(四)被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时, 常用被动语态, 这时往往不用by 短语。
Mr White, the cup was broken after class.
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者, 如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by 短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
The cup was broken by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者, 也不是动作的承受者时, 这时常用in + 名词作状语, 而代替 by 短语。
These cars were made in China.
图增学趣
名师授道
1. 在解答语态题目时, 首先判断主语与谓语动词的关系, 若是主动关系, 用主动语态; 若是动宾关系, 用被动语态。
2. 在被动语态中, 所有时态的被动语态的构成均符合: be+动词的过去分词。根据不同时态的构成直接套用该结构即可。如: 若是一般现在时, be动词则可为am/is/are; 若是一般过去时, be动词则可为was/were; 若是现在完成时, be动词则可为have/has been。
多学一点
1. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
(2)把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词, 时态要与原句保持一致。
(3)把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语, 放在被动语态里谓语动词之后, by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词, 在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
2. 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语变为被动语态时, 不定式前必须补加上不定式符号to。如: make sb. do sth. 变为被动语态时为sb. be made to do sth. 。
Ⅰ用括号内单词的适当形式填空
1. More trees will be planted (plant)around our city next year.
2. The boy with a pair of glasses is called(call)David.
3. Mrs Huang was sent(send)to a school in Jamaica to teach the students Chinese last year.
4. Tony was asked to make (make)a speech at the party.
5. Our classroom must be kept (keep)clean and tidy.
Ⅱ按要求完成句子
1. Joe cleaned the blackboard just now. (改为被动语态)
The blackboard was cleaned by Joe just now.
2. Dick will buy a car next year. (改为被动语态)
A car will be bought next year.
3. Ben has fixed Jane’s computer. (改为被动语态)
Jane’s computer has been fixed by Ben.
4. Mary is helped with English by Jenny every day. (改为主动语态)
Jenny helps Mary with/learn English every day.
5. Lin Feng made the baby laugh. (改为被动语态)
The baby was made to laugh by Lin Feng.
Ⅰ单项选择
( A )1. (2021·重庆中考)A lot of trees in our city in spring every year.
A. are planted B. were planted
C. plant D. planted
( C )2. (2021·天津中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he still by people of all ages.
A. will; love
B. was; loved
C. is; loved
D. will; be loved
( D )3. (2021·遂宁中考)To celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China, a speech competition in our school last week.
A. hold B. held
C. is held D. was held
( C )4. (2021·昆明中考)A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they to make their own decisions.
A. should allow
B. shouldn’t allow
C. should be allowed
D. shouldn’t be allowed
Ⅱ根据语境或提示完成句子
1. (2020·杭州中考)Many road accidents can be avoided if we all follow traffic rules.
2. (2020·黔南州中考)If the air is polluted(pollute), it is dangerous and will do harm to our health.
3. (2020·呼和浩特中考)In order to live in a better place, the natural environment must be protected(protect) by all the people.
4. (2020·牡丹江中考)Did you give back your book to the library last Friday (改为被动语态)
Was your book given back to the library last Friday
5. (2020·上海中考) The 13-year-old one-armed basketball player attracted a lot of fans. (改为被动语态)
A lot of fans were attracted by the 13-year-old one-armed basketball player.
话题词汇
餐具 chopsticks 筷子; knife 餐刀; fork餐叉; spoon勺子; bowl碗; plate盘子
食物 tomato西红柿; fish鱼肉; chicken鸡肉; beef牛肉; milk牛奶; juice果汁; hamburger汉堡; noodles面条; chicken wings鸡翅
食物味道 delicious美味的; salty咸的; sour酸的; sweet甜的; crispy脆的; fresh新鲜的
用餐礼仪 polite礼貌的; rude粗鲁的; toast为……祝酒; longevity长寿; talk with one’s mouth full吃着东西说话
话题句式
开头句:
1. There are many differences between Chinese and Western eating habits and customs.
中西之间的饮食习惯与习俗有很多不同之处。
2. Welcome to China! 欢迎来到中国!
过渡句:
1. Now let me tell you something about Chinese table manners.
现在让我告诉你一些关于中国餐桌礼仪的事情。
2. Do you know the differences between them
你知道他们之间的不同吗
结尾句:
1. I’m sure you will have a good time in China.
我相信你会在中国玩得很愉快。
2. Hope these are helpful to you. 希望这些对你有帮助。
3. Please tell me if there’s anything else you want to know. 如果你还有什么想知道请告诉我。
话题谚语:
When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
(2021·台州中考)
假如你是李华, 请给你的外国好友Andrew写一封电子邮件, 介绍你校美食文化节(food festival)的相关内容及举办目的, 并邀请他参加此次美食节。邮件内容包括:
Time 2: 00 p. m. Friday, June 25th
Place the school playground
Activities cook, have something delicious
Aims experience Chinese food culture, raise money for charity. . .
注意:
(1)邮件必须包括表格中的所有信息, 可适当发挥;
(2)邮件中不得出现真实人名和校名等相关信息;
(3)词数: 80～100。邮件的开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
To: Andrew
From: Li Hua
Hi, Andrew, How’s it going ____________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Li Hua
Step 1 “四定”审题
(1)定文体: 该文是以电子邮件的形式邀请好友参加“美食节”, 文体为应用文。
(2)定人称: 该文以电子邮件的形式邀请好友参加“美食节”, 所以应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。
(3)定时态: 本文是以电子邮件的形式邀请好友参加“美食节”, 是将要发生的事情, 所以应用一般将来时。
(4)定要点:
要点1: 写电子邮件的目的
be fond of, school food festival. . .
要点2: 介绍“美食节”具体事宜
on the school playground, something delicious, cook food, raise money for charity, a good chance, Chinese traditional food culture, happiness, love and team spirit. . .
要点3: 期待答复
look forward to, reply. . .
Step 2 段落谋篇
第一段: 写电子邮件的目的
1. 知道你喜欢吃东西。
Knowing that you are fond of food.
2. 我写信邀请你参加我们学校的美食节。
I’m writing to invite you to attend our school food festival.
第二段: 具体介绍“美食节”的具体事宜。
3. 我们很高兴吃到像饺子和粽子这样好吃的东西。
We are glad to have something delicious like dumplings and zongzi.
4. 这个节日一定会给我们提供一个展示和体验中国传统饮食文化的好机会。
The festival will surely offer us a good chance to show and experience Chinese traditional food culture.
5. 一般表达: We can share happiness, love and team spirit.
高级表达: (It’s a time for us to do sth. )
Besides, it is a good time for us to share happiness, love and team spirit.
第三段: 期盼答复。
6. 期待你的回复。
Looking forward to your reply.
Step 3 润色成篇
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