Module 3 Life now and then
Unit 3
形容词与副词及其比较级和最高级的用法
一、形容词与副词的句法功能
(一)形容词的句法功能
形容词是指用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。
1.作定语,常置于被修饰词的前面
I have a new bike.我有一辆新自行车。
2.作表语,置于系动词或感官动词后
The tomato and egg soup smells good.西红柿鸡蛋汤闻起来不错。
3.作宾语补足语,置于宾语之后
The piece of news made us excited.这条消息使我们兴奋。
4.“the +形容词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
The young should offer their seats to the old on the bus.
在公交车上,年轻人应该主动给老人让座。
(二)副词的句法功能
副词一般用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句,表示程度、方式等。
二、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
(一)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成
1.规则变化
一般在词尾加-er和-est。 tall—taller—tallest
以不发音的e结尾,加-r和-st。 nice—nicer—nicest
以辅音字母加-y结尾的,变y为i,再加-er和-est。 heavy—heavier—heaviest
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母再加-er和-est。 big—bigger—biggest
多音节词和部分双音节词,在原级前加more和most。 interesting—more interesting—most interesting
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
old older oldest
elder eldest
(二)基本句型
1.比较级的句型
(1)比较级+than,表示“比……更……”。
The blue schoolbag is more expensive than that green one.
这个蓝色的书包比那个绿色的更贵。
(2)比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”。
The song is more and more popular.这首歌越来越受欢迎。
(3)The+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……,越……”。
The more slowly you drive a car,the safer you’ll be.
你开车开得越慢,你就越安全。
2.同级比较的句型
同级比较一般采用as...as...句型,否定句可以用not as/so...as...表示。
My computer is as cheap as Ben’s.我的电脑和本的一样便宜。
3.最高级的句型
(1)the+最高级+of/in...
The purple coat is the cheapest in our clothing store.
这件紫色外套是我们服装店里最便宜的。
(2)the+最高级+定语从句
Kunming is the most beautiful place I have ever been to.
昆明是我曾去过的最漂亮的地方。
图增学趣
名师授道
1.比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。
2.同级比较:同级比较用原形,as...as永不离;as...as加not,只言两者是同一,若是not so...as,后强前弱不看齐。
3.比较级和最高级的修饰语应置于其所修饰的形容词或副词之前。
(1)常见的比较级修饰语有much,still,a lot,even,far等。例如:
I think the storybook is much more interesting than the novel.我认为这本故事书比那本小说有趣得多。
(2)常见的最高级修饰语有by far等。
This is by far the cheapest ticket to a soccer game.
这是目前足球赛最便宜的票了。
多学一点
(1)alive,afraid,awake,alone,asleep等形容词在句中一般只作表语。
(2)something,anything,nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在不定代词后面。
【语法通关】
Ⅰ 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.It’s windy (wind).Let’s go and fly a kite.
2.Grandpa Zhang is over 80 years old.So he walks slowly (slow).
3.Diana is much thinner (thin) than before.
4.Mark is better (good) at English than math.
5.The watch is the most expensive (expensive) gift I have accepted.
Ⅱ 完成句子
1.请安静! 我要告诉你们一些有趣的事情。
Please be quiet! I’d like to tell you something interesting.
2.我认为鸡肉和牛肉一样美味。
I think chicken is as delicious as beef.
3.年轻人是我们国家未来的希望。
Young people/The young are the hope for the future of our country.
4.越开心,你就越健康。
The happier you are,the healthier you’ll be.
5.新图书馆将比旧图书馆大得多。
The new library will be much bigger than the old one.
【中考链接】
Ⅰ 单项选择
( D )1.(2021·云南中考)—I think it is a good way to study English by watching English movies.
—I agree.I find it to improve my listening.
A.harmful B.thankful
C.careful D.helpful
( C )2.(2021·天津中考)Bill lives to school than Peter.
A.close B.closed
C.closer D.the closest
( D )3.(2021·泸州中考)—Fishing is one of activities among many people.
—Yes.But now it’s not allowed to fish in the Yangtze River as well as other rivers.
A.popular B.more popular
C.most popular D.the most popular
( D )4.(2021·盐城中考)Cloth shoes became popular during the Ming Dynasty,
in Sichuan province.
A.hardly B.nearly
C.really D.especially
( C )5.(2021·遂宁中考)—What’s mountain in the world
—Qomolangma.It’s 8848.86 meters high according to the latest report.
A.higher B.highest
C.the highest D.high
Ⅱ 根据语境或提示完成句子
1.(2021·德阳中考)The Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak people and never give up.
2.(2021·连云港中考)After weeks of space travel,Chang’e 5 successfully (successful)
brought back rocks from the moon.
3.(2021·泰安中考)You must be careful (小心的) when a stranger asks about your personal information.
4.(2021·安徽中考)My English teacher always wears a sweet (甜美的) smile in class.
5.(2021·成都中考)The outdoor terraces(露台)allow people to enjoy more natural light,lowering the need for electricity.
【话题剖析】
【语用储备】
话题词汇
科技发展 e-mail电子邮件;Internet互联网;airports飞机场;computers计算机;high-speed trains高速列车;mobile phones手机
基础设施 light 电灯;candle蜡烛;education 教育;transport交通;bike自行车;car小轿车;wide roads宽阔的马路;bright classrooms 明亮的教室;electric bike 电动车
感受 happy快乐的;sad难过的;difficult 困难的;easy容易的;tiny极小的;wealthy富有的;poor贫穷的;spare空余的
话题句式
开头句:
1.Thanks to the government,my family has changed a lot in the last two years.
多亏了政府,我的家庭在过去两年里发生了很大的变化。
2.In the past,people lived a poor life.
过去,人们过着贫穷的生活。
过渡句:
1.But things were very different in the past.
但过去的情况大不相同。
2.Now great changes have taken place in my hometown.
现在我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
结尾句:
1.I believe we can make our world a better place as long as we keep trying.
我相信只要我们继续努力,我们就能让我们的世界变得更好。
2.In a word,people live better than before.
总之,人们比以前生活得更好了。
话题谚语:
1.Habit cures habit.新风移旧俗。
2.Variety is the spice of life.
变化是生活的乐趣。
3.Youth looks forward and age backward.
青年人向前看,老年人回头看。
【典题研析】
岳阳近年来发生了巨大变化,根据《中国美好生活大调查》的结果,岳阳荣获“中国美好生活城市——十大心仪之城”的称号,是湖南省唯一入选的地级市。请你根据下面的图表信息,以“Great Changes in Yueyang”为题,写一篇英语短文向别人介绍你的家乡岳阳发生的变化。
Great Changes in Yueyang
Facts be one of the top ten favorite cities in China
Location in the northeast of Hunan
Past poor,pollution
Now fresh air and clean water,visit Dongting Lake and Yueyang Tower,delicious food
Future ...
要求:1.词数80～100,开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.请根据以上提示信息,结合实际情况叙述,可适当发挥;
3.文稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名;
4.字迹工整,语言流畅,表达正确,逻辑清晰。
Step 1 “四定”审题
(1)定文体:该文是通过给出的材料介绍岳阳发生的变化,文体为说明文;
(2)定人称:该文主要是介绍岳阳,所以应该以第三人称为主;
(3)定时态:本文是介绍岳阳发生的变化,比较过去与现在,所以应用一般现在时和一般过去时;
(4)定要点:
要点1:开篇点题:a beautiful city,one of the top ten favourite cities...
要点2:介绍岳阳的过去:a small town,live a poor life,rubbish,great changes,in the past few years...
要点3:介绍岳阳的现状:a place with fresh air and clean water,a lot of good things to eat...
要点4:对岳阳未来的期盼:hometown,welcome to...
Step 2 段落谋篇
第一段:开篇点题
1.岳阳是一座美丽的城市。
Yueyang is a beautiful city.
2.它是中国十大最受欢迎的城市之一。
It is one of the top ten favorite cities in China.
第二段:介绍岳阳的过去
3.污染很严重,到处都是垃圾。
Pollution was very serious and rubbish was everywhere.
第三段:介绍岳阳的现在
4.一般表达:Yueyang is a beautiful city.It has fresh air and clean water.
高级表达:(with)
Yueyang is a beautiful city with fresh air and clean water.
5.岳阳也有很多好吃的东西。
Yueyang also has a lot of good things to eat.
第四段:对参观者表示欢迎
6.欢迎来到我的家乡。
Welcome to visit my hometown.
7.我确信岳阳会变得越来越好。
I’m sure Yueyang will become better and better.
Step 3 润色成篇
Great Changes in Yueyang
Yueyang is a beautiful city.It is located in the northeast of Hunan.It is one of the top ten favorite cities in China.____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PAGE
- 1 -Module 3 Life now and then
Unit 3
形容词与副词及其比较级和最高级的用法
一、形容词与副词的句法功能
(一)形容词的句法功能
形容词是指用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。
1.作定语,常置于被修饰词的前面
I have a new bike.我有一辆新自行车。
2.作表语,置于系动词或感官动词后
The tomato and egg soup smells good.西红柿鸡蛋汤闻起来不错。
3.作宾语补足语,置于宾语之后
The piece of news made us excited.这条消息使我们兴奋。
4.“the +形容词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
The young should offer their seats to the old on the bus.
在公交车上,年轻人应该主动给老人让座。
(二)副词的句法功能
副词一般用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句,表示程度、方式等。
二、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
(一)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成
1.规则变化
一般在词尾加-er和-est。 tall—taller—tallest
以不发音的e结尾,加-r和-st。 nice—nicer—nicest
以辅音字母加-y结尾的,变y为i,再加-er和-est。 heavy—heavier—heaviest
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母再加-er和-est。 big—bigger—biggest
多音节词和部分双音节词,在原级前加more和most。 interesting—more interesting—most interesting
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
old older oldest
elder eldest
(二)基本句型
1.比较级的句型
(1)比较级+than,表示“比……更……”。
The blue schoolbag is more expensive than that green one.
这个蓝色的书包比那个绿色的更贵。
(2)比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”。
The song is more and more popular.这首歌越来越受欢迎。
(3)The+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……,越……”。
The more slowly you drive a car,the safer you’ll be.
你开车开得越慢,你就越安全。
2.同级比较的句型
同级比较一般采用as...as...句型,否定句可以用not as/so...as...表示。
My computer is as cheap as Ben’s.我的电脑和本的一样便宜。
3.最高级的句型
(1)the+最高级+of/in...
The purple coat is the cheapest in our clothing store.
这件紫色外套是我们服装店里最便宜的。
(2)the+最高级+定语从句
Kunming is the most beautiful place I have ever been to.
昆明是我曾去过的最漂亮的地方。
图增学趣
名师授道
1.比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。
2.同级比较:同级比较用原形,as...as永不离;as...as加not,只言两者是同一,若是not so...as,后强前弱不看齐。
3.比较级和最高级的修饰语应置于其所修饰的形容词或副词之前。
(1)常见的比较级修饰语有much,still,a lot,even,far等。例如:
I think the storybook is much more interesting than the novel.我认为这本故事书比那本小说有趣得多。
(2)常见的最高级修饰语有by far等。
This is by far the cheapest ticket to a soccer game.
这是目前足球赛最便宜的票了。
多学一点
(1)alive,afraid,awake,alone,asleep等形容词在句中一般只作表语。
(2)something,anything,nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在不定代词后面。
【语法通关】
Ⅰ 用所给词的适当形式填空
1.It’s (wind).Let’s go and fly a kite.
2.Grandpa Zhang is over 80 years old.So he walks (slow).
3.Diana is much (thin) than before.
4.Mark is (good) at English than math.
5.The watch is the (expensive) gift I have accepted.
Ⅱ 完成句子
1.请安静! 我要告诉你们一些有趣的事情。
Please be quiet! I’d like to tell you .
2.我认为鸡肉和牛肉一样美味。
I think chicken is as as beef.
3.年轻人是我们国家未来的希望。
/ are the hope for the future of our country.
4.越开心,你就越健康。
you are, you’ll be.
5.新图书馆将比旧图书馆大得多。
The new library will be than the old one.
【中考链接】
Ⅰ 单项选择
( )1.(2021·云南中考)—I think it is a good way to study English by watching English movies.
—I agree.I find it to improve my listening.
A.harmful B.thankful
C.careful D.helpful
( )2.(2021·天津中考)Bill lives to school than Peter.
A.close B.closed
C.closer D.the closest
( )3.(2021·泸州中考)—Fishing is one of activities among many people.
—Yes.But now it’s not allowed to fish in the Yangtze River as well as other rivers.
A.popular B.more popular
C.most popular D.the most popular
( )4.(2021·盐城中考)Cloth shoes became popular during the Ming Dynasty,
in Sichuan province.
A.hardly B.nearly
C.really D.especially
( )5.(2021·遂宁中考)—What’s mountain in the world
—Qomolangma.It’s 8848.86 meters high according to the latest report.
A.higher B.highest
C.the highest D.high
Ⅱ 根据语境或提示完成句子
1.(2021·德阳中考)The Monkey King keeps fighting to help the w people and never give up.
2.(2021·连云港中考)After weeks of space travel,Chang’e 5 (successful)
brought back rocks from the moon.
3.(2021·泰安中考)You must be (小心的) when a stranger asks about your personal information.
4.(2021·安徽中考)My English teacher always wears a s (甜美的) smile in class.
5.(2021·成都中考)The outdoor terraces(露台)allow people to enjoy more n light,lowering the need for electricity.
【话题剖析】
【语用储备】
话题词汇
科技发展 e-mail电子邮件;Internet互联网;airports飞机场;computers计算机;high-speed trains高速列车;mobile phones手机
基础设施 light 电灯;candle蜡烛;education 教育;transport交通;bike自行车;car小轿车;wide roads宽阔的马路;bright classrooms 明亮的教室;electric bike 电动车
感受 happy快乐的;sad难过的;difficult 困难的;easy容易的;tiny极小的;wealthy富有的;poor贫穷的;spare空余的
话题句式
开头句:
1.Thanks to the government,my family has changed a lot in the last two years.
多亏了政府,我的家庭在过去两年里发生了很大的变化。
2.In the past,people lived a poor life.
过去,人们过着贫穷的生活。
过渡句:
1.But things were very different in the past.
但过去的情况大不相同。
2.Now great changes have taken place in my hometown.
现在我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
结尾句:
1.I believe we can make our world a better place as long as we keep trying.
我相信只要我们继续努力,我们就能让我们的世界变得更好。
2.In a word,people live better than before.
总之,人们比以前生活得更好了。
话题谚语:
1.Habit cures habit.新风移旧俗。
2.Variety is the spice of life.
变化是生活的乐趣。
3.Youth looks forward and age backward.
青年人向前看,老年人回头看。
【典题研析】
岳阳近年来发生了巨大变化,根据《中国美好生活大调查》的结果,岳阳荣获“中国美好生活城市——十大心仪之城”的称号,是湖南省唯一入选的地级市。请你根据下面的图表信息,以“Great Changes in Yueyang”为题,写一篇英语短文向别人介绍你的家乡岳阳发生的变化。
Great Changes in Yueyang
Facts be one of the top ten favorite cities in China
Location in the northeast of Hunan
Past poor,pollution
Now fresh air and clean water,visit Dongting Lake and Yueyang Tower,delicious food
Future ...
要求:1.词数80～100,开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.请根据以上提示信息,结合实际情况叙述,可适当发挥;
3.文稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名;
4.字迹工整,语言流畅,表达正确,逻辑清晰。
Step 1 “四定”审题
(1)定文体:该文是通过给出的材料介绍岳阳发生的变化,文体为 ;
(2)定人称:该文主要是介绍岳阳,所以应该以 为主;
(3)定时态:本文是介绍岳阳发生的变化,比较过去与现在,所以应用 ;
(4)定要点:
要点1:开篇点题:a beautiful city,one of the top ten favourite cities...
要点2:介绍岳阳的过去:a small town,live a poor life,rubbish,great changes,in the past few years...
要点3:介绍岳阳的现状:a place with fresh air and clean water,a lot of good things to eat...
要点4:对岳阳未来的期盼:hometown,welcome to...
Step 2 段落谋篇
第一段:开篇点题
1.岳阳是一座美丽的城市。
2.它是中国十大最受欢迎的城市之一。
第二段:介绍岳阳的过去
3.污染很严重,到处都是垃圾。
第三段:介绍岳阳的现在
4.一般表达:Yueyang is a beautiful city.It has fresh air and clean water.
高级表达:(with)
5.岳阳也有很多好吃的东西。
第四段:对参观者表示欢迎
6.欢迎来到我的家乡。
7.我确信岳阳会变得越来越好。
Step 3 润色成篇
Great Changes in Yueyang
Yueyang is a beautiful city.It is located in the northeast of Hunan.It is one of the top ten favorite cities in China.____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PAGE
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