(共14张PPT)
如何写通知
本模块的写作要求是写通知, 通知通常是上级对下级、组织对成员召开会议、布置工作、传达事情所使用的一种文体。在写通知的时候应做到: ⒈注意格式⒉写清通知的单位、时间、对象和活动内容⒊语言要简洁, 通俗易懂。
假如明天是植树节, 请你以学生会的名义在黑板上发出通知。
要点: 1. 活动内容: 植树
2. 对象: 全校学生
3. 地点: 湘江河畔
4. 时间: 明天上午8: 00~11: 00
5. 要求: 同学们穿靴子和工作服, 带好铁锹、水桶及树苗。结束后, 写出心得。
注意: 1. 参考词汇: 铁锹spade, 桶bucket
2. 词数: 120左右
【审题谋篇】
1. 时态: 一般现在时及一般将来时
2. 人称: 第一人称
3. 通知的三要素: 时间、地点、活动内容。
【遣词造句】
1. 词汇: ①庆祝 celebrate
②通过做…… by doing sth.
③被要求做某事 be required to do sth.
④组织 organize
⑤参加 take part in
⑥活动 activity
2. 句型: (一句多译)
①我们打算通过在湘江沿岸植树来庆祝它。
A. We are going to celebrate it by planting trees along the Xiangjiang River.
B. Planting trees along the Xiangjiang River is the way we are going to celebrate it.
②所有的学生都被要求参加它。
A. All the students are required to take part in it.
B. It is required that all the students should take part in it.
Notice
Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day. Our school decides that we are going to celebrate it by planting trees along the Xiangjiang River from 8: 00 to 11: 00 tomorrow morning. Every class committee is required to organize the activity and tell the students to wear their boots and work clothes for it will be dirty while working on the work site. We students should also take our spades and buckets and work in groups. All the students are required to take part in it. After the activity, all
the students are required to write an article about it.
Students’ Union
March 11
1. 本文为通知结构；时间、地点、参加者、内容、注意事项是通知的要点, 文中直截了当地一一说明。
2. 通知都是宣布即将发生的事情及其具体内容, 因而多用将来时态；其中往往有一些注意事项, 一般用祈使句来强调。
3. 通知三要素的交代要准确无误。
校学生会将举办一次英语演讲比赛, 请按下列要求写一则100词左右的书面通知。通知发布的时间是2012年11月20日。
目的: 提高学生英语口语水平
参加者: 高二学生
报名地点: 学生会办公室报名时间: 11月22日前
比赛地点: 学校会议室
比赛时间: 11月25日晚上7点
其他: 邀请5位英语老师当评委, 奖励前8名
组织者: 学生会
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NOTICE
In order to improve the students’ spoken English, an English-speaking contest among the students of Senior 2 will be held in the school meeting room at 7 p．m. on November 25th. It is organized by the Students’ Union. Those who want to take part in the contest, please sign up in the Students’ Union office before November 22nd. Five English teachers will be invited to work as judges. The first 8 winners will be given prizes. Everyone is welcomed to take part in it.
The Students’ Union
November 20th, 2012(共22张PPT)
Ⅰ. Look at the photos. Say who the people are and which sports they play.
Ⅱ. Read the text quickly and match each paragraph with its main idea.
A. Several elements guaranteed Li Ning’s success.
B. Li Ning’s sports life was very successful.
C. Li Ning decided to continue his work for sport.
D. Li Ning’s products are very successful now.
E. Li Ning launched a new brand of sportswear after he retired.
Para. 1. B; Para. 2. E; Para. 3. A; Para. 4. D；Para. 5. C
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the text.
Ⅳ. Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1. How many gold medals had Li Ning won during his life of sport
A. 106. B. 112. C. 115. D. 109.
2. Why didn’t Li Ning feel happy although being listed together with Ali and Pele as one of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the 20th century
A. He retired at an early age—26.
B. He hadn’t won everything that was possible to win in his sport.
C. He retired with the feeling that he had failed.
D. He had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.
3. Why do Li Ning’s sports clothes win success in the market in a short time
A. It is under the name of his own, which is an advantage.
B. The price of Li Ning’s clothes is rather cheaper than other products.
C. The designs of the products are more attractive than their better-known rivals.
D. All the above.
4. What is TRUE about Li Ning’s slogan “anything is possible”
A. The retirement of a sportsman is not the finish of his life or career.
B. If you are willing to, you also can be a successful man like Li Ning.
C. We can succeed in anything if we are determined enough.
D. We are living in such a changeable world that nothing is impossible to happen.
Ⅴ. Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
1. Why did people call Li Ning the prince of gymnasts
When he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world.
2. What made him determined to succeed in his new life
The sense of failure after the 1988 Seoul Olympics made him determined to succeed in his new life.
3. What do you know about his logo
The bright red logo is made up of the first two pinyin letters of his name, L and N.
4. What has Li Ning continued to do since he opened a school for gymnasts
He has continued to help young people to achieve their sporting ambitions .
Ⅵ. Complete the passage according to the text.
As one of the greatest athletes, Li Ning had won lots of honors for China, for which his name was even 1 as one of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the 20th century. But that is not all of his sports life even after his 2 —he set up a sports clothes company under his own name, 3 to compete with other global giants like Nike and Adidas. Because of the 4 designs and the cheaper price coming at the right time, Li Ning’s products won 5 in the national 6 .
But 7 money is not his goal of entering the business. In 1991, he opened a school for 8 and since then he has continued to help young people to 9 their sporting ambitions—just as what his slogan says, 10 is possible.
答案: 1. listed 2. retirement 3. aiming 4. attractive
5. popularity 6. market 7. making 8. gymnasts
9. achieve 10. anything
Once a group of 17-year-old
schoolboys decided to break the
world basketball marathon record.
They wanted to play for ninety hours
and that is to add six hours to the record. Each team had nine players, with five at a time. The boys decided each person would play 21. 5 hours and then rest for 2 hours. Then they started at 6 o’clock in the evening.
The first night was very hard for the players. When it was their turn to rest, they were too excited to fall asleep at once.
After sleeping for a short time, they had to play again. On the second night, they fell asleep as soon as they stopped. Some of them had trouble with their feet and hands, but the only serious problem was a psychological one. Each boy was thinking: why am I doing this？How can I play any longer？After the third night, the players knew they could finish the ninety hours. The basketball on the fourth night was very slow.
But in the final hours, the players got better. For the last few minutes, the players looked as fresh as when they started. How happy everyone was！
本文讲述了一群17岁的男孩想打破世界持续打篮球马拉松纪录并最终成功的故事。
1. In the story, there were______schoolboys playing basketball marathon.
A. 9. B. 14. C. 17. D. 18.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章第一段说每一组9个人, 文章虽没说有几组, 但不可能只有一组, 9的倍数也不可能是14或17, 因此选项A、B、C都不正确, 故选D。
2. Before this basketball marathon, the world record was_______ .
A. 84 hours B. 86 hours
C. 90 hours D. 96 hours
【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章第一段说他们想持续打90个小时篮球, 比纪录多了6个小时。由此可知原纪录是84个小时, 所以选A。
3. “. . . the players looked as fresh as when they started. ” here “fresh” means ______.
A. 新鲜的 B. 兴奋不已的
C. 精神饱满的 D. 伤痕累累的
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由全文大意可知到了最后几分钟, 他们变得像刚开始打篮球一样精神饱满。
4. Which of the following sentences is wrong？
A. Some of the boys had trouble with their feet and hands when they played.
B. It was hard for the players to fall asleep at night.
C. The boys started playing at 6 o’clock in the evening.
D. In the end, all the boys felt happy.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。第一晚他们太兴奋了没睡着, 但到了第二晚他们很快就睡着了。由此可知B项不正确。(共61张PPT)
1. together with
Li Ning’s name was on it, together with footballer Pele and boxer Muhammad Ali. (P42)
李宁和球王贝利、拳王穆罕默德·阿里一起名列其中。
My father, together with his friends, has been abroad.
我父亲和他的朋友们都出过国。
①together with的意思是和, 连同
②当主语后接together with短语时, 谓语动词的形式要和前面的主语保持一致。
有类似用法的还有: like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to, with, as well as, along with等。
①The teacher together with the students _____discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America.
[2009四川高考]
A. are; were B. is; were
C. are; was D. is; was
【解析】选D。句意: 老师与学生们正在一起讨论在美国新出版的《阅读技巧》。第一个空与主语The teacher保持一致；第二个空与先行词Reading Skills保持一致, 这是书名, 所以要用单数。
②Dr. Smith, together with his sons, is (be) to arrive on the evening flight.
2. perform
阅读下列句子, 并在其后的括号内填入perform的含义
a. 履行 b. 执行, 实施 c. 表演, 演出
①The young doctor performed the heart operation. ( b )
②She has performed her promise. ( a )
③The children performed a play. ( c )
performance n. 演出；表现；执行
put on/give a performance 演出
performer n. 履行者；执行者；表演者
①Tom performed badly in the exam. (英译汉)
汤姆在考试中表现得不好。
②No matter how frequently______ , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed B. performing
C. to be performed D. being performed
【解析】选A。句意: 不管被演奏多少次, 贝多芬的作品仍然吸引着世界各地的人们。此处考查状语从句的省略。补全: No matter how frequently they’re performed. . . 。
③他们将在那家剧院演出。
They will give/put on a performance at the theatre.
3. on the increase
The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase—and sport had never been so popular. (P42)
有钱的年轻人的数量在增加, 而体育也得到前所未有的普及。
The number of the students in our class increased by ten.
我们班学生的人数增加了10人。
The population has increased from 1. 2 million 10 years ago to 1. 7 million now.
人口从10年前的120万已增长到现在的170万。
①on the increase 正在增加
②increase by 增长了……
③increase (from. . . ) to. . . (从……)增加到……
①日本的人口正在增加。
The population of Japan is increasing.
=The population of Japan is on the increase.
②产量增长了30%, 我们公司取得了很大进步。
With the production increasing by 30%, our company has made great progress.
③去年以来学生的人数增加了。
The number of students has increased since last year.
④英国将把利息从5%提高到6%。
England will increase the interest rate from 5 to 6 percent.
4. advantage
Li Ning’s designs were attractive, and they had a major advantage over their better-known rivals—they were cheaper. （P42）
Living in a big city has many advantages such as good schools, libraries and theatres.
Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you!
It would be to your advantage to attend this meeting.
①advantage的意思是: 优势 ； 便利；
have an advantage over 比……有优势
②take advantage of 利用, 占……便宜
③to one’s advantage 对某人有利
①前半场, 我们比对方占优势。
In the first half, we had an advantage over the opposing team.
②到国外学习对你有利。
It’ll be to your advantage to study abroad.
③The board are discussing the possible______they can take of the present economic situations.
A. notice B. advantage C. use D. best
【解析】选B。句意: 董事会正在讨论他们对于目前的经济形势可能利用的机会。本题实际考查take advantage of短语, 意为“利用”。take notice of注意；make use of利用；make the best of尽力而为。
5. guarantee
Success for Li Ning was guaranteed, and it came quickly. (P42)
李宁的成功得到了保障, 并且它很快就来了。
The new television has a guarantee with it.
这台新电视有保修单。
guarantee的意思是 vt. 保证, 保障； n. 保证书, 保修单
guarantee sb. sth. =guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证某事
guarantee that. . . 保证……
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
under guarantee 在保修期内
Can you guarantee me a job when I get there
I guarantee that you’ll enjoy yourself.
We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.
My bike is still under guarantee.
①We can’t guarantee our workers’ regular employment. （英译汉）
我们不能保证我们的工人定期受雇。
②Wealth is not always a guarantee of happiness. （英译汉）
财富不一定是幸福的保证。
③即使你完成了培训, 我也无法保证你能有工作。
Even if you complete your training, I can’t guarantee you a job .
④我保证还清他的债。
I guarantee that I’ll pay off his debt.
⑤我们保证明天来这儿。
We guarantee to be here tomorrow.
⑥你的手表在保修期内可享受免费修理。
Your watch will be repaired free, if it’s still under guarantee .
6. symbol
a symbol which represents a particular brand(P43)
一个代表特别品牌的标志
The chemical symbol for copper is “Cu”.
铜的化学符号是Cu。
Red is a symbol of danger.
红色是危险的象征。
symbol的意思是: 标志 ；符号 ；象征 。
①We use x as the symbol for an unknown quantity. (英译汉)
我们用ｘ表示一个未知数。
选词填空（symbol/sign/signal）
②The white dove is the symbol of peace.
③You should pay attention to traffic signs .
④We live too far from the city to get a strong television signal .
7. If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. (P42)
如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园, 都有可能看到身穿带有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生们。
本句包含句型(The) Chances are (that). . . 意为“很可能……”, 句型中的the和that都可省略。表达此意时还可用There is a chance that. . . , 相当于It is likely that. . . 。
The chances are she has already heard the news.
There is a chance that the sick child will get well.
There is no chance that. . . 不可能……
take a chance/take chances 冒险/碰运气
seize/grasp a chance 抓住机会
by chance 碰巧
①我们很可能会轻易取胜。
The chances are that we will win easily.
②There is a chance that I will see him these days. （英译汉）
这几天我有可能见到他。
③我们怀着天气可能会好的侥幸心理筹划到户外聚会。
We took a chance on the weather and planned to have the party outside.
④我碰巧在机场遇到了她。
I met her by chance at the airport.
1. specific
the name of a product made by a specific company(P43)
某个特定公司的产品的名称
What are your specific aims
你的具体目标是什么？
specific的意思是 特定的 , 具体的。
①Education should not be restricted to any specific age group. (英译汉)
教育不应限制在任何特定的年龄组内。
选词填空（special/specific/particular）
②Walk on the icy road with particular care.
③I want a specific answer for this question.
④She works as a nurse in a special hospital.
⑤The money is to be used for one specific/special purpose: the building of the new theatre.
2. But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life. (P42)
但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中获得成功。
此句是强调句型。该句型的结构形式为“It+be的适当形式+被强调成分+that/who+其他”。在该句型中, it无实际意义, 且不可用this或that 替换; 若原句的谓语用了现在时或将来时, 则be动词用is; 若原句的谓语动词用了过去时, 则be动词用was。
It was what he meant rather than what he said that made me angry.
让我生气的不是他说的话而是他的言外之意。
有时为了表达需要, 也可在be前加上may/might/must 等情态动词；若被强调部分是人, 引导词可用who或that；若是强调其他部分, 则一律用that。
It was in 1939 that World War Ⅱ broke out.
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的。
It was him that/who we met at the school gate.
我们在大门口见到的是他。
①—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree
—Of course, I have. It was in our village_____ it was made.
[2011重庆高考]
A. that B. where C. when D. which
【解析】选A。句意: ——你看过电影《山楂树之恋》吗？——我当然看过。那部电影就是在我们村拍摄的。本题考查强调句型用法。被强调的部分为in our village, 如改为普通句型为: It was made in our village. 如选B项, 为where引导的定语从句, 但与上句逻辑上不符。
②汤姆是在公园里丢的那只手表。
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.
③你关心的可能是格林。
It might be Green that you’re thinking of.
Athens Olympic champion Liu Xiang
ignited（点燃）the Olympic sports center
with victory in the men’s 110m hurdles
final at the 11th Chinese National Games.
The 26-year-old Liu exploded out of the
starting blocks and hit the line first in 13. 34
seconds. The result was good enough for the 2007 world champion to win the title, but far off his former world record and personal best of 12. 88 seconds.
“I just wanted to keep the pace, keep steady. I kept watching my opponents during the race. I didn’t make my utmost to spurt（冲刺）, ” Liu said after the race. Ji Wei of the People’s Liberation Army, who was placed first in the heats, finished second in 13. 42 seconds. “Thanks a lot for the Shandong people’s support and also the media. I felt great tonight, ” Liu added.
“After I accepted the surgery, I was in doubt of myself and cannot see my future. But with one match after another, I gradually recovered. I believed in myself, ” said Liu.
As the first Chinese male athlete to win an Olympic track gold, Liu is one of the nation’s favorite sports stars like NBA Houston Rockets’ centre Yao Ming.
Supporters were shocked and heartbroken when Liu limped（一瘸一拐地走）out of the Bird’s Nest at the Beijing Olympics due to the foot injury.
Thirteen months later, the strong-minded man thrilled the home crowd with a strong comeback in Shanghai and proved he still had the strength to catch up with current record holder Dayron Robles of Cuba.
Liu’s victory made him become the first Chinese athlete to win an event in a row in three straight Games.
“To be a triple champion （三连冠）was great. I still hope to win the fourth next time, ” said Liu.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Liu Xiang picked gold at National Games.
B. Liu Xiang is the first Chinese male athlete to win an Olympic track gold.
C. Liu Xiang is a strong-minded man.
D. Liu Xiang surprised his fans with strong comeback.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。由文中第一、二段以及最后两段可知, 本文主要围绕刘翔在全运会摘金而进行报道, 故A项正确。B、C、D三项都是文章中的一部分, 范围小了。
2. What does the underlined word in the third paragraph mean
A. high temperatures B. hot weather
C. intense feelings D. the races before the final
【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知, 刘翔获得本次全运会的冠军, 所以纪伟的第一应该是在预赛中获得的, 故此处的“heat”应为预赛之意, 所以D项正确。
3. Which of the following statements about Liu Xiang is TRUE
A. Liu Xiang became an Olympic champion again.
B. Liu Xiang became the world champion in 2007.
C. Liu Xiang finished the men’s 110m hurdles final this time in less time than his world record.
D. Liu Xiang is not satisfied with his performance.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。细读文章前三段可知, 刘翔获得的是全运会冠军, 并且成绩不及他的世界纪录, 但他对自己的表现比较满意。由此判断A、 C、D三项错误, 由 “The result was good enough for the 2007 world champion to win the title. . . ”可知B项正确。
4. After the foot injury,______ .
A. Liu still took part in Beijing Olympic Games and satisfied his supporters
B. Liu was as active as before
C. it took Liu 13 months to recover
D. Liu didn’t doubt his own ability and was full of hope about his future
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章的第四至七段可知, 刘翔在北京奥运会上曾令他的支持者非常失望、伤心。他曾一度对自己的前途感到迷茫。并且他用了13个月的时间来恢复, 所以C项最佳。
5. From the passage, we can conclude that______ .
A. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are both national stars in track
B. Liu Xiang thrilled his home crowd with a strong comeback
C. Liu Xiang is the first Chinese athlete to win an event in a row in three straight Games
D. it is promising for Liu Xiang to compete with Dayron Robles
【解析】选D。推理判断题。B、C两项是文中的事实, 不符合题目要求。姚明为篮球运动员, 故A项不正确。由倒数第三段可知, 刘翔康复后的比赛成绩使人们对他与Dayron Robles的对抗充满信心, 所以D项正确。(共57张PPT)
1. So what
So what means what happened next (P48)
那又怎么样？意思是下一步发生什么了？
So what 意思是那又怎么样？相当于What of it
What for 为什么？
What then 那又怎么样呢？那又该怎么办？
What if. . . 如果……将会怎么样？
What about. . . ……怎么样？(用于征求意见)
—Linda didn’t invite us to the party.
—_____ I don’t care. [2011江苏高考]
A. For what B. So what
C. What’s on D. What’s up
【解析】选B。考查交际用语。句意: ——Linda没有邀请我们参加聚会。——那又怎样？我不在乎。根据I don’t care. 可知此人是无所谓的态度。So what 那又怎样？表示某人对某事持无所谓的态度, 故选B项。For what 为什么？What’s on？在展出/上演什么？What’s up 怎么了？
2. rise to one’s feet
As the leader comes into the stadium to run the last few metres of the 42-kilometre race, the crowd rises to its feet to shout and cheer. (P49)
当领先的那位运动员进入体育馆来跑那全程42公里的比赛的最后几米时, 全场观众都站起身来向他欢呼喝彩。
rise to one’s feet意思是 站起身
set foot on进入, 访问, 参观（某地）
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
on foot步行
stand on one’s own feet自立, 独立
①当听到这个消息时, 他站了起来。
He rose to his feet when he heard the news.
②没人曾登上过那个岛屿。
Nobody has ever set foot on that island.
③公共汽车没来, 所以我们步行出发了。
The bus didn’t come, so we set off on foot.
④他的父母去世后他不得不学会自立。
When his parents died he had to learn to stand on his own feet.
3. declare
They declared the results of the election. 他们宣布了选举结果。
We declare for peace and against war. 我们支持和平, 反对战争。
Germany declared war on France on August 1, 1914.
德国于1914年8月1日对法国宣战。
China is the first country to declare that it’ll not be the first to use nuclear weapons.
中国是最早声明不首先使用核武器的国家。
①declare v. 宣布
②declare for/against 表态支持/反对
③declare war on 对……宣战
④declare that 宣布, 宣称
①选举结果很快就会公布。
The results of the election will be declared soon.
②Our government declared war on Japan. (英译汉)
我国政府曾对日宣战。
选词填空(declare/announce/publish)
③Our monitor announced to us that there would be a sports meet the next week.
④The use of certain chemicals has now been declared illegal.
⑤Today’s newspaper published this news.
⑥The United States ______ its independence from Britain in 1776.
A. declared B. announced
C. published D. informed
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意为: 美国于1776年宣布脱离英国独立。declare正式宣布, announce宣布大家感兴趣的事情；publish发表, 出版, 公布；inform通知, 告知。结合题意, A项最佳。
4. The marathon is the final Olympic event because it is thought to be the hardest. (P49)
马拉松是奥运会的最后一场赛事, 因为它被认为是最难的项目。
此句的句型sb. /sth. is thought to be/do. . . =It is thought that. . . ……被认为……
The project is reported to have been completed already.
据报道那项工程已经完成。
在“It is said/believed/reported/hoped that. . . ”中, 有时可以把从句中的主语放在前面, 构成“sb. /sth. be said/believed/reported/hoped to. . . ”的结构, 后面可以用不定式的进行式或完成式等。
He is thought to have got a doctor’s degree.
=It is said that he has got a doctor’s degree.
据说他获得了博士学位。
①人们认为他是个诚实的人。
He is thought to be an honest man.
②据说我弟弟在商店里被骗了。
My brother was said to have been cheated in the shop.
③It is often_____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said
【解析】选A。句意: 据说人们天生具有说话的能力。It is said that. . . 固定结构, 意为“据说……”。
④据信他们在做一些重要的事情。
It is believed that they are doing something important.
=They are believed to be doing something important.
1. score
Yao Ming scored before the first minute had passed. (P44)
Then the computer can score the test for you.
His total score was one hundred and fifty-five.
There are two score (of) students in the classroom.
Scores of volunteers offered to help.
He is sure that he will score full marks in the maths exam.
①score的意思是 v. 得分；评分； n. 分数
②two score (of) 四十
③scores of 许多, 大量
④score full marks 得满分
①Mary scored the highest marks in the exam. （英译汉）
玛丽在考试中得了最高分。
②亨特教授正忙于给考试评分。
Professor Hunter is busy scoring the examinations.
③根据圣经的说法, 我们可以活到七十岁。
According to the Bible, we can expect to live for three score years and ten.
④他曾多次去过香港。
He’s been to Hong Kong scores of times.
⑤The low test ______, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good university.
A. dozen B. score C. paper D. itself
【解析】选B。句意: 他们认为考试分数低会使他们上不了好大学。A项“一打”；C项“试卷”；D项“本身”都与句意不符。
2. vote for
So, who will you vote for (P47)
There were 16 votes in favor of my suggestion.
People voted against Henry.
①vote for的意思是 投票赞成（选举）
②vote n. 选票
③vote against 投票反对
①Nowadays, many people vote for their favorite singers on the Internet. (英译汉)
当今, 许多人在互联网上投票选出他们最喜欢的歌手。
②你投票赞成还是反对, 对这项建议影响似乎都不大。
Whether you vote for or against the proposal doesn’t seem to matter very much.
3. pick up
Officials picked him up and helped him to the finishing line, just as the second runner, an American, entered the stadium. (P49)
官员把他扶起来帮他到达终点, 就在这时, 第二名选手, 一名美国人, 跑进了体育场。
My wife’s going to pick me up in half an hour.
我妻子打算半小时内来接我。
pick up意思是扶起来；接某人
pick up的意思: 捡起, 拾起；让某人搭车；收拾, 整理；偶然买到, 得到；（非正规的）学会, 学到；收听；恢复健康, 好转
①Sam ______some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. [2010山东高考]
A. brought up B. looked up
C. picked up D. set up
【解析】选C。句意为: Sam仅仅是通过观察其他人在电脑上工作就学会了一些电脑知识。pick up在句中意为“偶然学会, 习得（某种知识, 语言、技能等）。bring up 养育, 培养, 教育, 吐出；提出；look up 查找；set up 建立, 创立。
写出下面句子中pick up的意思。
②The patient is picking up. （ 康复 ）
③He hurried to school without picking up his room. ( 收拾 )
④In order to learn English I bought a radio to pick up VOA. （ 收听 ）
⑤The bus stopped to pick up the passengers. ( 搭载 )
⑥Tom picked up the book and found it was an English one. （ 捡起 ）
⑦He picked up some Japanese words while living with a Japanese. ( 学会 )
⑧Can you tell me where I might pick up a good used car ( 偶然买到, 得到 )
4. protest
The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner. (P49)
美国人提出了抗议, 而最后那位美国选手被宣布获胜。
The building work will go ahead, despite protests from local residents.
尽管当地居民反对, 建筑工程将照样进行。
protest意思是 v. 抗议； n. 抗议, 反对
①为抗议这个决定, 总理辞职了。
The minister resigned in protest against the decision.
②They were formally protesting about the working conditions. （英译汉）
他们就工作环境正式提出抗议。
选词填空（protest/object/oppose/resist）
③We objected to leaving in such a hurry.
我们反对这样匆忙地离开。
④The nation was unable to resist the invasion.
该国无力抵抗侵略。
⑤I made a proposal, and nobody opposed.
我提了一项建议, 没有人反对。
⑥The demonstration was a protest against the rise in tuition and fees.
此次游行示威是抗议学杂费上涨。
In a national spelling contest in America, an 11-year-old girl was asked to spell a certain word. But with her 1 voice the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E. They talked it over and 2 decided to simply ask her what she had said. By now, the girl knew she had 3 the word. But instead of lying, she told the truth that she had said the 4 letter—so she lost the contest.
As the girl walked off the 5 , the entire audience stood to their feet clapping to applaud her 6 . Later, dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s honesty, even when it 7 her the contest. But the fact is that she 8 the biggest contest that day: the contest of her 9 .
Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we would do if we knew we would never get 10 . This young girl could easily have 11 and nobody would have known it but herself. But that’s just it: She would know she did wrong. It’s been said, “If you 12 , you make yourself cheap. ” This young girl was strong and smart enough to prize her own 13 and character more than the prize from a spelling 14 . Her respect for herself was more important than any 15 others might give her for winning a contest. She knew she would have to live with herself and the 16 she made in that moment would have a long-lasting influence.
It’s so true that the choices you make today 17 what you are tomorrow. Our children will 18 our behavior much more than our advice. So if we want them to 19 to be honest, we must show them the way by being honest ourselves. Remember, our kids are 20 what we do and how we live even when we don’t think they see or know.
1. A. high B. sweet C. tough D. soft
【解析】选D。从下文评委们没有听清, 决定去问女孩说的是什么可知, 女孩说话的声音应是轻柔的, 故要用soft。
2. A. finally B. kindly C. secretly D. totally
【解析】选A。由前面的“They talked it over and. . . ”可知经过评委的再三讨论, 最后还是决定问一下女孩说的是什么, 故用finally。kindly 友善地；secretly秘密地；totally全部地。
3. A．forgotten B．mispronounced
C．misspelled D．lost
【解析】选C。根据上文提到的“a national spelling contest”可知此处是指女孩知道自己拼错了, 故选misspelled。
4. A．correct B．wrong C．different D．same
【解析】选B。上文提到女孩知道自己拼错了, 但是女孩没有说谎, 而是将真相讲出来, 故这里要用wrong, 她说错了字母, 由此她也输掉了这场比赛。
5. A. stage B. studio C. test D. classroom
【解析】选A。从下文的the entire audience stood to their feet clapping to. . . 这一语境可知女孩是从比赛的舞台上走下来, 故选stage。
6. A. bravery B. honesty C. courage D. cleverness
【解析】选B。从上文的instead of lying, she told the truth可知女孩是诚实的, 下文中也提到了女孩的诚实。bravery勇敢；courage 勇气；cleverness 聪明。
7. A. cancelled B．cost C．offered D．wasted
【解析】选B。与上文女孩输掉比赛相呼应。cost在文中意为“使失去, 付出……的代价”。
8. A. achieved B. broke C. won D. defeated
【解析】选C。从表面上看女孩是输掉了一场拼写比赛, 但她却赢得了另外一场比赛: 品德比赛的胜利。
9. A. reputation B. knowledge
C. life D. character
【解析】选D。honesty（诚实）是做人的一种品德, 故在这里要用character。下段中的Probably the biggest test of our character. . . 也有提示。reputation 声誉；knowledge 知识；life生命。
10. A. paid B. awarded C. caught D. reported
【解析】选C。从上下文可知, 即使女孩说谎也不会有人知道, 故这里用get caught“被人抓住”。
11. A. escaped B. lied C. changed D. answered
【解析】选B。此处为虚拟语气。女孩本可以很容易地撒谎, 除了她自己别人不会知道。
12. A. accept B．fight C．cheat D．insist
【解析】选C。本句为谚语“If you cheat, you make yourself cheap. ” 如果你作弊, 你会使自己廉价。
13. A. conscience B．feeling
C．diligence D．modesty
【解析】选A。conscience指做人的良知。feeling感情；diligence勤奋；modesty谦逊。
14. A．contest B．champion C．judge D．expert
【解析】选A。与第一段第一句照应, 可知这里要用contest, 指拼写比赛。
15. A. sense B. pride C. respect D. awareness
【解析】选C。由前面的Her respect for herself可知后面应为别人对她的尊重, 故选respect。
16. A. plan B. conclusion C. discovery D. choice
【解析】选D。与下文的It’s so true that the choices you make today. . . 相呼应, 这里作者指出, 一个人在这样一个时刻所做出的选择会对一个人产生长久的影响。
17. A. make B. change C. keep D．create
【解析】选A。这里make表示“使成为”。今天你所做出的选择影响着明天你会成为什么样的人。
18. A. give B. take C. follow D. set
【解析】选C。孩子会模仿我们的行为, follow 模仿, 照着某人的样子做。
19. A. grow up B. bring up C. take up D. come up
【解析】选A。考查词组意义。根据语境, 作者此处是说“如果我们想要孩子长大后成为诚实的人, 我们自己必须要诚实”。
20. A．recording B．inspecting
C．correcting D．watching
【解析】选D。由even when we don’t think they see or know可知, 作者要表达的意思是“我们的孩子在注视着我们的一举一动”, 身教胜过言传。(共30张PPT)
状语从句是每年高考单项填空必考的题目之一, 考查的重点是容易混淆的近似连词的用法。学习时应注意: 1. 熟悉每个连接词的语义和语用特征。2. 准确把握分句间的逻辑关系。
观察下列句子, 注意黑体字部分, 了解其语法功能。
①But Li Ning’s goal when he retired was not to make money.
但是, 李宁退役时的目标并不是赚钱。
②And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Ning’s advertising slogan says.
正如李宁广告语所言, 如果你是一位杰出的运动员, “一切皆有可能”。
③Even though he was tired, he helped me with my work.
尽管他累了, 他还帮我干活。
句①中的连词when引导的是时间状语从句。
句②中的连词if引导的是条件状语从句。
句③中的连词even though引导的是让步状语从句。
一、时间状语从句
1. when, while和as
(1)when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词, 又可用非延续性动词。
(2)while从句中必须是表示动作或状态的延续性动词, 侧重于主句动作和从句动作的对比。
(3)as从句中一般用延续性动词, 多表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暂的动作, 而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作, 此时when, while与as可互换使用。
①Sorry, I was out when you called me．
对不起, 你打电话时我刚好外出了。
②Strike while the iron is hot．趁热打铁。
③The students took notes as they listened．学生们边听边做笔记。
2. as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, no sooner. . . than. . . , hardly. . . when. . . , once这些从属连词引导从句都可表示从句动作一发生, 主句的动作即发生, 意为“一……就……”。
①I had hardly closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door．
我刚一闭上眼, 就有人在敲门了。
② The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.
我一看到他就知道没希望了。
3. till, until和not. . . until
(1)用于肯定句中, 主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 主从句都为肯定式, 意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。
(2)用于否定句中, 主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词, 从句为肯定式, 意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
(3)till不可置于句首, 而until可以。
①I didn’t go to bed until / till my father came back.
直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
② Until you told me, I had no idea of it.
你告诉我之前我对此事一无所知。
4. before和since
(1)若表达“还未……就……”、“不到……就……”、“……才……”、“趁……”、“还没来得及……”时, 要用连词before。
(2)since从句的时态通常为一般过去时, 主句为现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
(3)在It is+时间段+since从句类型中, 若从句的谓语动词是瞬间性的, 时间从动作开始算起；若从句的谓语动词为延续性的, 时间从动作结束算起。
5. the first time, every time, each time, next time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句, 表示“第一次……; 每当……；每次……；下次……; 总是……”等。
Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候一定记得把你儿子带来。
二、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词有: if, unless（=if. . . not, 除非）, so/as long as(只要)；in case(万一), on condition that(条件是), supposing(假设, 如果), provided that（如果）
① As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.
你只要不灰心, 就会成功。
② In case there is a fire, what will we do first
万一发生火灾, 我们首先做什么？
三、让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:
1. although/though（尽管, 虽然）; even though/even if（即使）; whether. . . or. . . (不管……还是……, 引导让步状语从句, 提供两个对比的情况)；
2. 疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词（不管……；无论……）也可引导让步状语从句；注意疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句和名词性从句的区别。
①Whatever(=No matter what )you say, he won’t believe you.
无论你说什么, 他都不会相信你的话。
②You can take whatever you like.
你可以拿你喜欢的任何东西。
3. while可引导让步状语从句, 相当于although。
4. as引导让步状语从句用倒装, though引导让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首, 结构为: 形容词/副词/动词/分词/名词+as+主语+谓语；若表语是单数名词, 前置时要省略冠词。
①Try as/though he might, he could not find a job.
不管他怎样努力, 还是找不到工作。
② Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子, 他懂很多。
1. 用when/while/as填空
①She was beautiful when she was a girl.
②Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
③ As she grew older, she lost interest in everything except reading.
④ When/While /As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
2. 完成句子
①我一听到说话声就知道老师来了。
The moment / minute / As soon as I heard the voice, I knew my teacher was coming.
②我刚到家天就下起雨来了。
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
③自从来到这儿, 我已经给家里写了四封信了。
I have written home four times since I came here.
④上次我见玛丽的时候, 她正躺在床上。
The last time I saw Mary, she was lying in bed.
3. 句型转换:
I didn’t leave until she came back.
→Not until she came back did I leave. (部分倒装)
→It was not until she came back that I left . （强调句型）
4. 英译汉
①It is three years since she was in our class.
她离开我们班已经有三年了。
②If it is fine next Sunday, we shall have a picnic.
如果下星期日天气好, 我们就去野餐。
5. 单项填空
①One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away_____ my daughter heard cries for help.
[2011浙江高考]
A. after B. while C. since D. when
【解析】选D。句意: 一个周五, 我们正在打包要出去度周末, 那时我女儿听见有人求救的声音。本句考查“be doing. . . when. . . （正在做……这时……）”这一结构, 在本结构中, when是并列连词, 表示“那时”的意思, 相当于and at that time。
②Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ______it is convenient to you.
[2011江西高考]
A. whenever B. however
C. whichever D. wherever
【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意: 请打电话告诉我的秘书下午安排一个会议, 或在任何你方便的时候。根据题中的this afternoon以及or可知设空处应该和时间相关, 故选A项。
③If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait ______ it comes out on DVD.
[2011上海高考]
A. whether B. after
C. though D. until
【解析】选D。考查状语从句。句意: 如果许多人都说一部电影不好, 我就不会去（电影院）看, 或者我会等到它的DVD出版。由句意可知D正确。
④He had his camera ready ______he saw something that would make a good picture.
[2011山东高考]
A. even if B. if only
C. in case D. so that
【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意: 他准备好了照相机, 以防看到他能够拍下来的好画面。A项意为“尽管, 即使”；B项意为“但愿”；C项意为“以防, 万一”；D项意为“目的是”。
⑤______all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
[2011陕西高考]
A. Since B. While C. If D. As
【解析】选B。句意: 尽管他们都是实力很强的候选人, 但只有一个人将入选这个职位。since既然；while尽管；if如果；as当……时候；根据题意选B项。
6. 比较用法, 判断下列句子的正误
①Smart although she is, she doesn’t study hard. (× )
②Smart though/as she is, she doesn’t study hard. (√ )
③Though she is smart, she doesn’t study hard. ( √ )
7. 用正确的连接词填空
①I won’t change my mind, whatever happens.
②The accident happened soon before the car ran out of the little town.
③Great changes have taken place in China since it opened to the outside world.
④You must keep on working in the evening until you are sure you can finish the task on time.
⑤You’ll have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy.
⑥As long as you need me, I’ll stay.
⑦Although the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm.
⑧We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad.
⑨He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.
⑩As you grow older, you’ll know better and better about yourself.
