2022届高考英语二轮复习： 主谓一致 学案（含答案）

高考英语经典课程
第13讲 主谓一致
学 科 年 级 学生姓名 授课教师 上课时间 课 次
英语 第 讲
专题内容 主谓一致
【教学目标】
掌握人称代词的运用
掌握主谓一致三原则
【教学重点】
人称代词在作文中的运用
2.主谓一致在作文中的运用
【教学难点】
人称代词在作文中的运用
主谓一致在作文中的运用
简单自我介绍（申请信）
【教学内容】
一．考点解读
二．技法点拨
1. 避免张冠李戴，注意前后人称，性别，单复数的一致
2. 分析句子成分，正确使用人称代词，系统掌握it和反身代词的用法
3. 主谓一致三原则
三、阅读训练 （关键词+速定位+细比对）
课前测试
默写高频词
高考常考不可数名词：
2. 许多：
3.并列词
单句语法填空
There are various ______(type) of tea that offer different health ______(benefit) and flavors.
While there are amazing ______(story) of instant transfoemation, for most of us the ______(change) are gradual and require a lot of ________(effort) and work , like cleaning up a polluted river.
I suddenly regretted that we had no ______(photo) from this vacation together.
单句改错
Besides， they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
There is a lot of furnitures in the bedroom.
If you work harder, you will make greater progresses.
I would appreacite it if you could offer me some useful advices.
复习语法Grammar
高考语法——主谓一致
1. 各种不同形式的主语
考点一 语法一致 2. 后接介词短语的主语
3. 不定代词作主语
4. 复数形式的名词作主语
1. 以-s结尾的学科名词作主语
2. 集体名词作主语
3. 单复数同形的名词作主语
4. “分数+of+名词”作主语
5. 表示时间、距离等的复数名词作主语
主谓一致 考点二 意义一致 6. “单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语
7. “each/ every+单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语
8. “a number of+复数名词”与“the number of”
9. “a quantity of+名词”与“quantities of+名词”
10. “the+形容词”作主语
1. 由连词连接的并列主语
考点三 就近一致 2. here/ there引导的倒装句中的主语
3. more than one+单数名词 与 many a+单数名词
考点一 语法一致
语法一致指的是主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致
各种不同形式的主语
【过关训练】
Most Londoners ________(be) not happy with the idea.
Giving up using the Net ________(be) the best decision I’ve ever made.
What attracts people to California ________(be) its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.
Walking, fishing, tennis, golf and sailing ________(be) all popular.
注意 从句作主语，主句谓语动词用复数的情况
主语从句是一个带有复数意义的结构时，或者从表语上面能够看出主语从句的复数意义时，该主语从句表达的就是复数概念，谓语动词要用复数形式。
【过手训练】
Who are going to attend the meeting ________(have) been decided by the manager.
What I thought ________(be) three English books.
后接介词短语等的主语
主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, like, but, except, including, in addition to, such as等，不影响主句谓语动词的数。
【过手训练】
The students, together with their teacher. ________(be) going to have a picnic this weekend.
Pronunciation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, ________(change) very quickly from one country to another.
不定代词作主语
主语是one, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，谓语动词用单数形式
【过手训练】
No one ________(be) ever bored watching him---his subtle acting made everything entertaining.
Nobody ________（know）exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth.
复数形式的名词作主语
主语是glasses, shorts, shoes, gloves, scissors, trousers等复数名词时， 谓语动词用复数形式。若其前面有“… pair/ kind/ type of”时，谓语动词的数一般与pair, kind, type等的数一致
【过手训练】
The trousers ________(be) all right. Now please try on the shirt.
A pair of shoes ________(be) lying under the bed.
More than 100 million pairs of gloves ________(be) produced in this factory each year.
考点二 意义一致
意义一致指的是谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的意义一致。
以s结尾的学科名词作主语
主语是maths, physics, politics等学科名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【过手训练】
Maths ________(be) one of the most important courses in middle schools.
________(be) Physics difficult to learn
2.集体名词作主语
（1）主语是people, police, cattle等名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
（2）主语是audience, class, crowd, family, group, team等名词时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果当做个体看待，谓语动词用复数形式。
【过手训练】
People ________(be) grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.
Dairy cattle ________(be) now specialized animals, and most of them give large volumes of milk.
Our group ________(be) all going to visit the chimps in the forest.
Who ________(be) the audience for your ad campaign
单复数同形的名词作主语
主语是deer, sheep, means, works, Chinese, Japanese等时， 要视其意义来确定谓语动词用单数还是用复数形式。
【过手训练】
These art works ________(be) not all displayed at the same time.
The Chinese ________(be) the friendliest people I have ever met.
4.“分数+of+名词”作主语
主语是“分数+of=名词”构成的时候，要根据of后面的名词来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
【过手训练】
For example, 80% of e-mails on the Internet ________(be) in English.
Among two thirds of the Earth’s surface ________(be) covered by the seas which are home to millions of species of plants and animals.
5.表示距离、时间等的复数名词作主语
主语是表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
【过手训练】
Twenty years ________(be) not a long time.
Ten pounds ________(be) enough.
A hundred miles ________(be) a long distance.
6.由“单数名词+and+单数名词”结构作主语
并列主语“单数名词+and+单数名词”结构表示同一个人、同一件事、同一种概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【过手训练】
Bread and milk ________(be) healthy food.
All work and no play ________(make) Jack a dull boy.
7. “each/ every+单数名词+and+单数名词”构建的主语
当“each/ every+单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【过手训练】
In other words, every action and movement in Beijing Opera ________(be) important.
Each boy and each girl ________(have) a beautiful dream.
8. “a number of+复数名词”与“the number of+复数名词”作主语
a number of意为“许多……”，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；the number of意为“……的数量”，做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
【过手训练】
A number of children whose parents had died in the quake _____(be) sent to live with families in other cities.
Since the famine broke out, the number of people dying of starvation ________(have) been increasing.
9. “a quantity of+名词”与“quantities of+名词”作主语
a quantity of + 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；a quantity of+复数名词， 谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
【过手训练】
A large quantity of milk _______(be) reported not to reach the standard.
A large quantity of books ________(be) on sale now.
Quantities of nuts ________(be) on the table.
10. “the+形容词”作主语
the+形容词作主语的时候，如果表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示个别的人或是不可数的事物或者抽象意义时，谓语动词用单数。
【过手训练】
The old ________(be) taken good care of here.
The beautiful ________(give) pleasure to all.
考点三 就近一致
由连词连接的并列主语
当or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其最
近的主语的单复数来决定
【过手训练】
Either you or I ________(be) mad.
Not only I but also Jane and Tom ________(be) tired of having one examination after another.
2.here/ there引导的倒装句中的主语
由here或者there引导的倒桩句中，主语不止一个时，谓语动词的单复数和临近的主语一致。
【过手训练】
There ________(be) two worn armchairs, a few shabby cushions, an electric kettle to heat water for tea, some posters for decoration but no curtains.
There ________(be) also a café and some restaurants on the street.
more than one+单数名词 与 many a+单数名词
more than one+单数名词 与 many a+单数名词作主语时，在意义上都是复数，但是谓语动词要用单数形式，这是由与其临近的单数名词决定的。
【过手训练】
More than one worker ________(have) been fired.
Many a student ________(have) failed in the exam.
拓展练习：
Fun Day To celebrate the Year of the dog Organised by Lam Tin Youth Centre and Kwun Tong High School Date: 2 February 2018 Time: 10 am—5 pm Place: Kwun Tong Playground Fee: $20 (buy three get one free) Programmes: drama, lion dance, magic show and ballet performance Highlights:1) enter the lucky draw to win a digital camera 2) learn to make festival food Join us on the Fun Day! All are welcome! Free Soft Drinks Note: ● Tickets are available at the General Office of Lam Tin Youth Center ● For those who would like to be a volunteer, please contact Miss Olivia Wong one week before the activity.
21. What you have just read is a ________.
A. note B. report C. schedule D. poster
22. What is going to take place on 2 February 2018
A. A big event to welcome a Chinese new year. B. A social gathering to raise money for wildlife.
C. A party for close friends to meet and have fun. D. A meeting of Kwun Tong High School students.
23. How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together
A. $20. B. $40. C. $60. D. $80.
24. Which of the following statements is true
A. Tickets are sold in Kwun Tong High School. B. It’s unnecessary to take soft drinks with you.
C. Free digital cameras are provided for everybody. D. Festival food will be served without extra charge.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）七选五
We all wish we had just a bit more time. Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day: you could finally stick to an exercise routine, or spring clean the house, or write your novel, or learn the guitar and so on.
__36__ But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.
◆ Get Out of Bed Earlier
If you normally get up at 7：30 a．m., try getting up at 7：00 a．m. That half hour might not sound like much, but it could be time that you use to exercise, to read that book you've been meaning to finish. __37_
◆ Do the Important Tasks First
Once you get to work, get the important ones done first (not the easy ones, or even the urgent ones). You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big, important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones.
__38__ The urgent tasks will still get done, and you won't miss the important ones.
◆ Reduce Interruptions
If colleagues have a habit of hanging around your desk to chat, or if the phone is constantly ringing, you might find that it takes you half the day to finish a simple task like writing a letter. Constant interruptions don't just eat up time, they also break your concentration.
When you've got a big task to focus on, let your calls go to voicemail. __39__ Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.
◆ __40__
A few minutes' chatting, browsing the web, and so on, can easily turn into hours of wasted time over the course of a day.
When you're working, work. If your concentration is slipping, take a proper break: go and get a glass of water, or stretch your legs a bit. And if you're facing a difficult task, try breaking it into small steps or stages so that it's easier to deal with.
A．Stay Focused on Your Work
B．Take Breaks When Necessary
C．If you have an office door, close it.
D．If you work like this, you'll usually save time.
E．Would you want me to make your day longer
F．I can't magically make all your days 25 hours long.
G．Or simply to get your day off to a calm and organized start.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）语法填空
Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a 61． (total) different country If so, then you are a third-culture kid.
The term “third—culture kid” __62. (use) in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while 63． (research) North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit from 64. (they) intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.
Yet many 65． (difficulty) may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely 66． their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard 67． (develop) new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often easier to move to a new country 68． to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country 69． she was born. She didn’t know anything about current TV shows 70． fashion trends. And she didn’t share the same values as other teens of her age.
短文改错
Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late with work.. His boss wanted to
fire him if he didn’t start coming on time, but he went to the doctor for a help. The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. The man did is told and slept really well, wake up before the alarm had even gone off. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.” Boss,” he said ,”that medicine really works!” I’m pleasing to hear it ,”said his boss,” but where were you yesterday ”
家庭作业：主谓一致 当堂过手训练 第13讲
1. Both the secretary and the manager ________ to attend the meeting.A. agrees B. agree C. are agree D. is agree
2. Tom as well as two of his classmates ________part in the activity. A. take B. is take C. takes D. are taking
3. Either you or I _____going to the teachers‘ office after class. A. are B. is C. were D. am
4. This is one of the best novels that ________people.A. interest B. interests C. interesting D. will interest
5. Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. have
6. About 20 percent(百分之二十) of the work ____done yesterday. A. are B. is C. were D. was
7. Mr Smith，together with his children， ____late for the party that evening.A. was B. were C. is D. are
8. Not only Tom but also his wife ____fond of watching television. A. are B. were C. be D. is
9. Each of the students _____ a Chinese-English dictionary. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are
10. They each ____ a beautiful handkerchief. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are
11. Between the two rows of trees _____the teaching building. A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are
12. No one except my parents _____anything about it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known
13. A number of students _____from the south. A. are B. is C. have D. has
14. The number of students from the north ____small. A.are B. is C. have D. has
(二) 填空题：
1. Neither he nor I _________ going back to our home town in the summer holidays.
2. Here _________ three pieces of paper for you. 3. This __________ of trousers _________ too long for me.
4. A red and black bird ____________ sitting in the tree. 5. There ________ a piece of bread and two glasses of water.
6. Not only my classmates but also my teacher ____________ sports. (like)
7. The police _______ sent to search the killer. (be)
8. You’re the only one that __________ the answer to the question. (know)
9. Nobody but Wei Dong and Wei Fang _________ in the room just now. (be)
10. One hundred kilometers _________ a long distance. (be) 11. After the exam, there ________ a lot of time for us to relax. (be)
12. Every means _________ tried, but no result was got. (be) 13. He as well as I _________ active in singing. (be)
主谓一致专练
1. Officials say that few patients ____with the COVID-19 owing to the effective prevention.
A. infected B. have infected C. be infected D. are infected
2. The church tower which __________ now will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has built B. has been built C. is building D. is being built
3. Visitors have no access ______ the remains of the building that _______ being studied by the archaeologists.
A. to; was B. of; was C. of; were D. to; were
4. Large quantities of money _________ spent on the project so far; it is enough.
A. is B. were C. has been D. have been
5. It is you rather than Lucy who________for the accident.
A. is to blame B. is to be blamed
C. should blame D. are to blame
6. ________nothing to do with us.
A. What she did have B. What she did is
C. What did she do has D. What she has done has
7. A lot of new wooden furniture, as well as some latest household appliances, ________ by the Smiths for their new house a week ago.
A. has been bought B. have been bought
C. was bought D. were bought
8. There________a girl and two boys waiting for you since this morning.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
9. According to doctors, three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for health.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
10. When and how to restore daily life______yet.
A. has not been decided B. are not decided C. is not decided D. have not decided
11. I, who______your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
12. Nothing but several glasses______bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. have been B. were C. was D. would be
13. There _______ a series of creative inventions that are being exhibited in the centre.
A. was B. were C. are D. is
14.All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was
C. is D. were
15. At the foot of the hill ________ a big lake surrounded by trees.
A. lays B. is laying C. lies D. is lying
16. —Tomorrow you'll go to your new school to study.
—Yes, a new term I am looking forward ________.
A. to arriving B. to arrive C. to arrives D. arrives
17. All the facts in California’s record-breaking heatwave suggest that the wildfires to the brutally hot temperature, so it’s suggested that people with health problem carefully.
A. were linked; are taken care of B. be linked; be taken care of
C. should be linked; are attended to D. were linked; be attended to
18. It's reported that a large number of people ________ been killed and the number _______added up to nearly 70,000.
A. has; has B. have; have
C. has; have D. have; has
19. The doctor suggested that she _______ in bed, while her smiling face suggested there ______ nothing serious.
A. stay; was B. stayed; was C. stayed; be D. stay; be
20. We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks_______so small that a day is unimportant.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
参考答案解析：
1. D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：官员们表示，由于有效预防，感染COVID-19的患者很少。此处为宾语从句，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为patients，谓语动词应用复数。故选D。
2. D
【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：正在修建的教堂塔不久将对游客开放。这工作已基本完成。根据时间状语now可知，空处谓语动词需用现在进行时态，所以排除选项A和B，因为教堂塔是被修建，所以空处定语从句谓语动词需用现在进行时态的被动语态：be being done，先行词是The church tower，单数，所以be动词需用is。故选D。
3. D
【解析】考查介词和主谓一致。句意：游客们无法进入考古学家正在研究的建筑遗址。固定搭配have access to ...使用、接近。故第一个设空处答案为to；第二个设空处在定语从句中作谓语，其主语为that，that指代先行词the remains （遗址）在定语从句中作主语，主语为复数形式，根据主谓一致设空处应用复数形式。故第二个设空处的答案为were。故答案为D。
4. D
【解析】考查时态/主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这个项目已经花了大量的钱;这就够了。quantities of+名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用复数形式，根据时间状语so far（到目前为止）可知时态为现在完成时，故选D。
5. D
【解析】考查动词的固定结构和主谓一致。句意：是你而不是Lucy该为这个事故负责。分析句子可知，It is...who是一个强调句型，其中的sb be to blame for，意为“对......负责”，又rather than适用就远原则，因此be to blame的主语是you，be动词应该是are，故选D。
6. D
【解析】固定短语、考查名词性从句的语序和主谓一致。句意：她所做的事与我们无关。固定短语have nothing to do with与……无关，分析句子可知，本句为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作宾语，句子为陈述性语序。句子为一般现在时，谓语动词为单数第三人称。故选D项。
7. C
【解析】考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：史密斯一家一周前为他们的新房子买了许多新的木制家具和一些最新的家用电器。根据句中时间状语a week ago可知，用一般过去时态。当主语后面由as well as连接几个名词或短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致，名词furniture为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。“家具”和“购买”是被动关系，故选C。
8. C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：从今天早上开始就有一个女孩和两个男孩在等你。根据时间状语“since this morning ”可知，应该用现在完成时；再根据there be 句型的主谓一致遵循就近原则，be的形式与a girl 保持一致，所以谓语应该是has been 形式。故选C。
39. A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：根据医生的说法，每周三小时的户外运动对健康有好处。be good for对……有好处，是固定短语，所以可排除C、D项，主语“three hours of outdoor exercise a week(每周三小时的户外运动)”是一个整体，be动词应用is，排除B项。故选A项。
10. A
【解析】考查时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：何时以及如何恢复日常生活还没有决定。A. has not been decided还没被决定；B. are not decided没被决定；C. is not decided没被决定；D. have not decided还没决定。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语动词，结合语境和yet判断为现在完成时，when and how to restore daily life是“特殊疑问词+不定式”作主语，因为只有一个不定式，故看作第三人称单数，它和decide之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语的单数，助动词用has。故选A项。
11. A
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我，你亲密的朋友，将会尽我的全力帮你摆脱困境。分析句子可知，设空处是定语从句的谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语who是关系代词，指代先行词I，故be动词应用am。故选A项。
12. C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：前天，我爸除了几副眼镜什么也没有买。分析句子可知，设空处是谓语动词，由the day before yesterday判断为一般过去时，but意为“除了”时适用就远原则，即谓语动词根据nothing来确定，nothing是第三人称单数，且此处是被动语态，故be应用was。故选C项。
13. D
【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：一系列创造性的发明正在这个中心展出。根据that are being exhibited in the centre可知，本句使用一般现在时，表示目前的事情；there be句型的主谓一致遵循“就近原则”，a series of creative inventions是单数概念。故选D。
14. C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。句中的主语为不定代词all，代指的是物。不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。故C正确。
【知识拓展】
1. all指人时谓语动词用复数；指物时谓语动词用单数。
Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。
“All are present today, Mr Li.” answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。
2. all + of + 名词”时，若of后为不可数名词，动词用单数形式，若of后为复数名词或代词时，动词用复数形式。
All of us like sports. 我们所有人都喜欢体育。
15. C
【解析】考查时态和动词词义辨析。句意：在山脚下有一个被树木环绕的大湖。A .lays放，搁置，一般现在时态；B.is laying现在进行时态； C. lies位于，平躺，一般现在时态；D.is lying现在进行时态。本句是一个倒装句，正常语序为：A big lake surrounded by trees______ at the foot of the hill . 本句中surrounded by trees是过去分词作后置定语，修饰主语a big lake，由此可知，本句缺少谓语，因介绍的是一个事实，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，排除选项B和D，表示位于某地，需用动词lie，主语是单数，谓语动词需用lies。故选C。
16. C
【解析】考查固定短语与主谓一致。句意：——明天你要去你的新学校学习。——是的，我期待的新学期到来了。固定短语look forward to 意为“期待……”分析第二个句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，主句的主语是term，term同时也是定语从句的先行词，定语从(that) I am looking forward to，关系代词that在从句中作宾语被省略，句中缺少介词 to；再根据主句主语term是单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数arrives。故选C项。
17. D
【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：加州破纪录的热浪中，所有的事实都表明，野火与残酷的高温有关，所以建议有健康问题的人慎重对待。第一空中suggest表示“表明”，后跟宾语从句不用虚拟语气，且从句中描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数，故排除B选项和C选项；第二空suggest表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语应用(should)+动词原形，故排除A选项。故选D。
18. D
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：报道称已有大量的人被杀害，死亡总数合计大约达到70,000人。句子中people本身是集合名词，且a large number of 表大量的许多的修饰可数名词，所以后面用have，第二个空格的主语是the number，表示数量，所以后面用has。故选D。
19. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：医生建议她卧床休息，但她的笑容表明没有什么严重的事。第一空中suggest表示“建议”时，后跟宾语从句中需用虚拟语气，谓语动词应用(should)+动词原形，should可以省略，故第一空填stay；第二空中suggest表示“表明”时，后跟从句不需要用虚拟语气，结合上文suggested可知应用一般过去时，there be句型中，谓语动词与nothing保持一致应用单数was。故选A。
20. A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们日复一日地生活，但在伟大的事物中，几日和几周的时间如此少以至于一天微不足道。the time of days and weeks是主语，表示单数，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。根据所提供的情景We live day by day可判断出要用一般现在时,表示经常性的动作或存在的状态。故选A。
坚持就是胜利！