2022届高考英语二轮复习：短文改错2学案 （含答案）

高考英语经典课程
高中语法专题——短文改错2
学 科 年 级 学生姓名 授课教师 上课时间 课 次
英语 第 讲
专题内容 短文改错的命题手段
【教学目标】
To get the students to know the testing points of error correction.
To enable the students to master the skills of error correction.[来源:Z。
To develop and cultivate students’ interest in error correction.
【教学重点】
How to conclude the skills of correcting a composition.
To master the skills of correcting a composition.
【教学难点】
How to conclude the skills of correcting a composition.
To master the skills of correcting a composition.
【教学内容】
Show the testing points of error correction from 2014 to 2018.
Get the students to know how to correct a composition normatively.
Explain the testing points one by one.[]
Provide some exercises according to the testing points.
Summary & practice
短文改错的命题手段
一、词法
（一）动词错误
1. 谓语动词的时态错误，主要考点为上下文之间、复合句的主从句之间动词时态的一致性，虚拟语气中时态的运用。
e.g. I thought that he will come tomorrow.
2. 主谓一致错误。
e.g. Nobody except my parents know anything about it.
3. 语态错误。
语态方面的错误主要涉及及物动词和不及物动词，主动表被动，现在分词和过去分词的辨别。
e.g. The bike outside is belonged to him.
4. 短暂性动词和延续性动词错误。
短暂性动词不可和一段的时间状语连用，常见的短暂性动词有：lend, borrow, start, join, close, come, go等等。
e.g. They have got in touch with each other for a year.
5. 非谓语动词错误。
非谓语动词错误主要表现在不定式符号的留舍、动词分词及原形的误用。
e.g. They were made do the job from morning till night.
6. 无谓语动词错误。
有些句子似乎很完整，但仔细分析可以发现句中本是谓语的动词，由于其形式错误而造
成句子没有谓语动词，或者根本就没有谓语。
e.g. When everything ready, the party began.
练习：
1. I will send you the photos we take last week.
2. The colour TV sets produced in their factory are selling to several countries.
3. I didn’t lose heart and kept running. All the students on the playground cheer me on “Come on” !
4.The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister.
5.My friend Aigulie was used to share her Nang with me.
（二）名词错误。
1. 可数名词的数与不可数名词。
e.g. The professor gave us some good services.
2. 名词格的错误。
e.g. The next day he came to borrow a book of my father.
Three days journey made all of us tired.
练习：
1.Christie was one of my best friend at high school.
2.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.
3.Since the restaurant in China usually serves special dish of different areas…
4.It felt strange to travel without any luggages.
5.In one test I got only 36 percent of the answer correct.
（三）冠词错误。
冠词错误主要涉及不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的使用，使用不定冠词a 还是 an 区别。
1. 定冠词与不定冠词的误用。
2. 冠词漏用。
3. 冠词多余。
4. 不定冠词a, an 误用。
练习：
1.He is playing piano now.
2. The old man died of the cancer.
3.She is such a honest girl that all of us like her.
4.It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody.
5.I wish you wonderful time on your birthday.
（四）形容词、副词错误。
1.形容词、副词的误用。
e.g. What he said sounded quite perfectly.
2. 形容词、副词比较等级的误用。
e.g. Teachers should receive further education to catch up with the later technology.
3. 比较等级的修饰语错误。
e.g. I was angry, but they were very angrier.
练习：
1.Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did.
2.In some places you may borrow as more books as you need, but to others you are limited to a certain number of books.
3.So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned.
（五）代词错误。
1. 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的误用或不一致。
e.g. He didn’t do her homework yesterday.
2. 不定代词的误用。
e.g. He and his children felt tired but neither of them would stop for a rest.
3. 关系代词、连接代词的误用。
e.g. He came to tell us that he had seen there.
练习：
1. As she did this, lots of tea splashed on his T-shirt!
2.The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed.
3.It is high time that I did anything special to express my thanks.
4.I am glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm.
5.With the help of Katia, a roommate of me,…
（六）介词错误。
1.介词误用错误。
e.g. He is good in English.
2. 多用介词。
e.g. He said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally.
3. 遗漏介词。
e.g. I disagree him about how we ought to deal with the matter.
练习：
1. I never knew much about her except for that she was strange.
2.We practise for three times every week and often watch football matches on TV together.
3.Can you tell me about what I should do
4.My home is about three kilometers far away from the National Stadium.
5.I am writing to thank you with your help.
6.After the autumn arrives, the city look as an old man with leaves falling from the trees.
7.I have been told one more worker will be needed this year and I think you are fit it.
8.Chinese food is famous with its wide variety .
9.In other words, we would be separated from long time.
10.Everyone stared me and I stood there with a red face.
二、句法
（一）句型错误
1. 固定句型错误。
固定句型的错误主要表现在固定搭配上的错误、结构上的错误等。
e.g. He was about to get on the bus then he heard someone calling him.
2. 简单句错误。
(1) There be 句型错误。
e.g. There had a discussion on how to solve the problem yesterday.
(2) 祈使句错误。
e.g. Working hard and you will succeed in the future.
(3) 感叹句错误。
e.g. How beautiful flowers he gave me！
(4) 强调句错误。
强调句错误主要表现在句型混乱、与定语从句混淆。
e.g. It was two years ago since he began to learn English.
3.复合句错误。
复合句的错误主要表现在各种从句的连接词使用的错误，即连接词的遗漏、误用等。
e.g. I’ll never forget the days when we spent in Qingdao.
练习：
1. His words made all of us were happy.
2. Playing football not only makes us grow up tall but also give us a sense of team spirit.
3. We had to sit at our desks in silence and paid attention to what…
4. When he was a little boy, his mother was very poor that she had to send him to a rich family.
5. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through it he could climb out.
（二）逻辑错误。
1.单句的逻辑错误
e.g.1.This was a lie, and his teacher didn’t know.
2. Clever as she is, but she works hard.
2上下文中的逻辑错误。
a.有时从单句中根本看不出错误，但是联系上下文， 便可看出行文逻辑上的错误。
b.上下文的错误有时还表现在时态不一致、人称不一致、前后矛盾等错误。
e.g. There were many great people in history. But many of them are poor in childhood.
Schools were few and not good. They couldn’t depend on it for a good education.
练习：
1 .So I helped them go to the nearest hospital .I stayed here for one and a half hours.
2. Tom and Jack went to the same school and then to the same university. So they hadn’t met each other since then.
3.I must work hard to improve my spoken English so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners.
4.That was very nice of you,Mother. So I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.
5.I am going to attend my first lesson this afternoon, for I ’ve got some preparation to make.
6.It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it.
7. The angel touched his eyes, but he could see everything clearly.
8.It looked as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a gusest.
口诀：短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。
名词爱考数与格，冠词在前错多少。
动词时态和语态，非谓搭配莫错了。
连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。
介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。
句法涉及到一致，从句多考关系词。
词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。
短文改错阶段训练
一.单句改错
A.每题有一个错误
1. This river is more longer than that one.
2. How beautiful flowers he gave us yesterday﹗
3. It is a great fun playing golf.
4. Although he is clever, but he studies hard.
5. Tom asked Mary if she knew the man was speaking to her.
6. He showed us how operate the machine.
7. I’m looking forward to see you again.
8. Unfortunately, he found no room to live.
9. Tom accepted a letter from his friend the other day.
10. I lent him the book I bought it last week.
B.每题均有两处错误
1. One and a half year later, I now think English a fun to learn.
2. Now, I understand that labor means. I think it is really successful experience, which is worth remembering forever.
3. I had to wait several minutes, made me late in getting home, but I had to keep patience.
4. I decided I would become an inventor and designed an amazed new product which would become a household name.
5. Is teaching kids English as interested as you were expected in college
6. I want you to keep myself informing of how things are going with you.
7. With development of mobile phones, the short message service is becoming more and more popular for us nowadays.
8. Have they ever thought of plastic bags do harm our environment
9. On ceremony we made a statement which as grown-ups we should have a sense of duty to our society from now on.
10. Weather permitted, we will go to camping tomorrow.
短文改错专练
（练习1）
Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are：Who will you go in times of trouble Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
【答案】
1.are→is
2.go后加to
3.friend→friends
4.删除turn后的out
5.little→few
6.our→their
7.talk→talking
8.kept→keep
9.where→when/whenever
10.mostly→most
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于学生在碰到问题后的解决方式的问卷调查结果。
1.考查主谓一致。句意：其中的一个问题是：你遇到麻烦时会去找谁？one of the +名词复数，意为“……之一”，为单数含义，所以其后的系动词应用单数。结合句意，此处指问卷调查中的一个问题，所以为客观事实，时态用一般现在时。故are改为is。
2.考查介词。句意同上。短语go to sb.“求助于某人”相当于短语turn to sb. for help。故go后加to。
3.考查名词复数。句意：许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们是同龄人，能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词，结合句中their，所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。
4.考查介词。句意：一些说他们会向他们的父母或老师求助。固定短语turn to sb. for help，意为“向某人求助”，所以此处删除介词out。故删除turn后的out。
5.考查代词。句意：只有一些人选择自己解决问题。结合上文“Many students say...”及“Some will turn...”可知，此处指一些学生。student为可数名词，应用a few代指。a little通常代指不可数名词。故little改为few。
6.考查代词。句意同上。短语on one’s own，意为“独自”，结合句意可知，此处指学生们独自完成，所以要用代词their。故our改为their。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth.，意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk改为talking。
8.考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。
9.考查连词。句意：在我看来，当我们有麻烦时（无论什么时候我们有麻烦时），我们应该从我们最相信的人们那里寻求帮助。分析可知，本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主句为we should seek help...，从句表示的含义为无论什么时候我们有麻烦或者当我们有麻烦时，所以应用when/whenever引导。故where改为when/whenever。
10.考查副词。句意同上。副词mostly，意为“大多数”；most意为“最”，此处指最相信的人，指程度。故mostly改为most。
（练习2）
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案】
1. dish→dishes
2. tidying→tidy
3. whatever→whenever
4. doing前加from
5. was→is
6. 去掉are
7. most→more
8. mentally→mental
9. our→my
10. hopes→hope
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对于做家务这件事的看法以及做家务会带来的好处。
1. 考查名词单复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do the dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。
2. 考查动词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以及并列连词and可知，此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知，句子要使用一般现在时。主语第一人称I，谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。
3. 考查连词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。根据句意可知，此处表达“有必要时我也会打扫自己的卧室”，所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为whenever。
4. 考查介词。句意：在我看来，学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语“benefit......from...... ”译为“从……中获益”。故在doing前加from。
5. 考查时态。句意：首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据全文时态可知，本文陈述客观事实需要用一般现在时。主语doing housework为单数，谓语也用单数。故将was改为is。
6. 考查动词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。根据句意可知，此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”，动词like译为“喜欢”满足句意；所以动词like前的系动词are多余。故删去are。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意：此外，做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定短语“what’s more”译为“此外”。故将most改为more。
8. 考查形容词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。
9. 考查人称代词。句意：这是我对家务的看法。根据全文内容以及句意可知，此处表达“这是我对家务的看法”。故将our改为my。
10. 考查祈使句。句意：希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。
（练习3）
I had a concert ticket for a show that I couldn't attend it. I was trying to sell the tickets. But I was having a hard time find someone who would pay the fully price. Then I noticed a guy at the door. He was not allowed get into the show because someone had sold him the fake ticket. He got tricked! He had no more money. Rather than continue my search about someone who would buy my ticket, I decide to give it to him for free. He was very grateful but thanked me again and again. This expensive, yet simple act of kind really made my day.
【答案】
1.将attend后的it去掉；
2.tickets→ticket；
3.find→finding；
4.fully→full；
5.在get前加to；
6.the→a；
7.about→for；
8.decide→decided；
9.but→and；
10.kind→kindness
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。“我”因为无法去看演出而打算把票卖掉，却遇到一个因为买了假票而无法看演出的人，于是“我”把票免费送给了他。这让“我”和这个人都很开心。
1.考查定语从句。句意：我有一张演出的票，我不能去看。在定语从句中that已经指代了show，所以不需要用it。故将it去掉。
2.考查名词单复数。句意：我想把票卖出去。根据前文“I had a concert ticket”可知，只有一张票，所以应用名词单数。故将tickets改为ticket。
3.考查固定搭配和动名词。句意：但我很难找到愿意付全价的人。have a hard time doing意为“很难做某事”，为固定搭配。此处用动名词作宾语。故将find改为finding。
4.考查形容词。句意：但我很难找到愿意付全价的人。修饰名词price应用形容词。故将fully改为full。
5.考查固定短语。句意：因为有人卖给他假票，所以他不被允许进去看演出。be allowed to do sth意为“被允许做某事”，为固定搭配。故在get前加to。
6.考查不定冠词。句意：因为有人卖给他假票，所以他不被允许进去看演出。此处第一次提及fake ticket，fake发音以辅音音素开头，所以应不定冠词a表示泛指。故将the改为a。
7.考查介词和固定搭配。句意：我决定把票免费送给他，而不是继续寻找愿意买我票的人。表示“寻找某人”应用search for，search作名词时也应与for搭配。故将about改为for。
8.考查一般过去时。句意：我决定把票免费送给他，而不是继续寻找愿意买我票的人。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故将decide改为decided。
9.考查连词。句意：他非常感激，一次又一次地感谢我。“He was very grateful”和“thanked me again and again”构成并列关系，所以应用and。故将but改为and。
10.考查名词。句意：这个昂贵却又简单的善举让我开心极了。在介词of后应用名词作宾语，名词kindness意为“善意”。故将kind改为kindness。
（练习5）
Last year, I ran for our school's senior three grade president. On the day of the election, I had to give a speech in the front of the entire grade but I talked about why I would make a good president. When it was my turns to speak, I stood on the stage with butterflies in my stomach and my hands got sweat. Nervous although I was, I explained the reasons why I dreamed being grade president. I also talked about the ways I plan to accomplish my goals. Unfortunately, I brought their speech to a nice conclusion. The audience gave me a round of applause and chose me to be grade president. It was one of the most encouraged experiences of my life.
【答案】
1.去掉the
2.but →and
3.turns→turn
4.sweat→sweaty
5.although→though/as
6.dreamed后加of/about
7.plan→planned
8.Unfortunately→Fortunately
9.their→my
10.encouraged→encouraging
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者去年竞选学校高三年级的学年主席的经历。
第一处。考查冠词。句意：在选举那天，我要在全班面前发表演讲，谈论我为什么会成为一个好的学年主席。in front of 在.......的前面(物体外部)，in the front of 在...的前面(物体内部)。再结合句意。故去掉the。
第二处。考查连词。句意：在选举那天，我要在全班面前发表演讲，谈论我为什么会成为一个好的学年主席。根据句意，前后为并列关系。故but改成and。
第三处。考查固定短语。句意：轮到我发言的时候，我站在舞台上，心里七上八下，手上都是汗。it is one’s turn to do sth“轮到某人做某事”为固定短语。故turns改成turn。
第四处。考查形容词。句意：轮到我发言的时候，我站在舞台上，心里七上八下，手上都是汗。本句中的get为半系动词，后接形容词作表语。故sweat改成sweaty。
第五处。考查倒装句。句意：虽然我很紧张，但我解释了我为什么梦想成为年级主席的原因。本句为倒装句，although不能引导倒装句。故although改成though/as。
第六处。考查介词。句意：虽然我很紧张，但我解释了我为什么梦想成为年级主席的原因。dream of/about为固定短语。 故dreamed后加of/about。
第七处。考查时态。句意：我也谈到了我计划如何实现我的目标。整个短文都在叙述过去的事情，所以本句为一般过去时。故plan改成planned。
第八处。考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号。根据句意“我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号”，所以这是很幸运地。置于句首，首字母大写。故Unfortunately改成Fortunately。
第九处。考查代词。句意：幸运的是，我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号。主语为I，表示我给我的演讲画上了一个圆满的句号。故their改成my。
第十处。考查形容词。句意：这是我一生中最鼓舞人心的经历之一。ing结尾的形容词修饰物，表示“令人……” ,本句修饰experiences。故encouraged改成encouraging。
（练习6）
Good morning everyone! Today I want to say something about my parent. My father is a honest businessman and has to support the whole family. He laugh so much that he can even give me a smile at the most difficult time in her life. He always tells me to taking a positive attitude towards everything because it's useless to cry. My mother is the most busiest person in the family, which always has a lot of housework to do. But she never complains. She treats another people with respect, so everybody likes her. Ordinarily as they are, they are truly my best teachers and I am very proud them.
【答案】
1.parent→parents
2.a→an
3.laugh→laughs
4.her→his/our
5.taking→take
6.将most去掉
7.which→who
8.another→other
9.Ordinarily→Ordinary
10.在proud后面加of
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己的父母并表达了对他们的爱。
1.考查名词。句意：今天我想说一些关于我父母的事情。根据下文的“My father is…”和“My mother is…”可知，此处指“父母双方”，需用名词复数形式。故将parent改为parents。
2.考查冠词。句意：我的父亲是一个讲诚信的商人，必须养家糊口。honest的发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故将a改为an。
3.考查主谓一致。句意：他笑得那么多，他甚至可以在他（我们）生活中最困难的时候给我一个微笑。主语为He ，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故将laugh改为laughs。
4.考查代词。句意同上。此处指的是在父亲或我们一家人在最艰难的时候，父亲仍然能带给我微笑。此处表示“他的/我们的”。故将her改为his/our。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：他总是告诉我要对一切都采取积极的态度，因为哭是没有用的。tell sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“告诉某人做某事”。故将taking改为take。
6.考查形容词最高级。句意：我的妈妈是家里最忙的人，她总是有很多家务要做。busiest为形容词最高级，前面不能加most。故将most去掉。
7.考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词my mother，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故将which改为who。
8.考查形容词。句意：她尊重别人，所以大家都喜欢她。此处表示“其他人”，需用“other（其他的）修饰复数名词people，another表示“另一的”，后面加可数名词单数形式。故将another改为other。
9.考查形容词。句意：尽管他们很普通，但他们确实是我最好的老师，我为他们感到骄傲。as意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，句子使用部分倒装，此处需用形容词作表语。故将Ordinarily改为Ordinary。
10.考查固定短语。句意同上。be proud of固定短语，意为“以……为骄傲”。故在proud后面加of。
（练习6）
I have a pet cat, which name is Lucky. She has white hair and two big eyes. She is cute and can do a few trick, which are funny and usually make me very surprising.
Every day when I come home, Lucky always runs towards me happily to welcomed me. When I feel down, but she never leaves me alone. She is my considerate and faith companion.
Now we had been living together for over two years. As time goes by, a relationship between Lucky and me becomes close than before. Therefore, I think of her an important member in my family and I really enjoy her company.
【答案】
1. which→whose
2. tirck→tricks
3. surprising→surprised
4. welcomed→welcome
5. 删除but
6. faith→faithful
7. had→have
8. a→the
9. close→closer
10. her后面加as
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和宠物猫的生活日常。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：我有一只宠物猫，名字叫Lucky。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词cat在从句中作名词name的定语，故将which改为whose。
2. 考查名词单复数。句意：她很可爱，会耍一些小把戏，很有趣，通常让我很惊讶。trick“小把戏”为可数名词，根据“a few”可知，此处表示复数，故将trick改为tricks。
3. 考查形容词。句意：她很可爱，会耍一些小把戏，很有趣，通常让我很惊讶。此处形容词作宾补修饰人，应用v-ed形式形容词，故将surprising改为surprised。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每天当我回到家，Lucky总是高兴地跑向我欢迎我。分析可知，此处为不定式表示目的，不定式符号to后应用动词原形。故将welcomed改为welcome。
5. 考查连词。句意：当我沮丧的时候，她从不离开我。此处是when引导的时间状语从句，不能再用并列连词，故将but删除。
6. 考查形容词。句意：她是我体贴而忠实的伴侣。根据“considerate and”可知，此处是并列的形容词作定语，故将faith改为faithful。
7. 考查动词时态。句意：现在我们已经一起生活了两年多。根据时间状语“for over two years”可知，此处应该用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并继续持续到将来。故将had改为have。
8. 考查冠词。句意：随着时间的流逝，我和Lucky的关系变得比以前更亲密了。此处指我和Lucky的关系，故为特指。故将a改为the。
9. 考查形容词比较级。句意：随着时间的流逝，我和Lucky的关系变得比以前更亲密了。因为有than可知，此处表示比较，应用形容词close的比较级。故将close改为closer。
10. 考查介词。句意：因此，我认为她是我家庭的一个重要的成员，我真的喜欢她的陪伴。think of...as...为固定搭配，意为“把......看作......”，故在her后加as。