2022届高三英语二轮复习：高考备考主题拓展阅读篇章专辑 （素材）
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| 名称 | 2022届高三英语二轮复习：高考备考主题拓展阅读篇章专辑 （素材） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-03 22:08:16 | ||
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文档简介
2022高考备考主题阅读篇章专辑
（新人教、旧人教、北师大和新概念）
（不同版本教材整合，全新语境，熟悉词汇）
(适用旧人教版复习，不同版本教材拓展阅读，可编辑打印）
项目描述：新课程标准（2017版）对高中生的英语的阅读量要求达到35万字。因此，无论是新授课还是复习课，拓展阅读必不可少。“一标多版”的教材编制，为同题阅读提供了经典的阅读素材。本专题以主题为统领，整合了旧人教版，2019人教版，2019北师大版，译林版和新概念英语2&3的同题阅读篇章。本专辑在手，听说读写的素材应有尽有！
目录
主题一 友谊（人与社会、人与自我）
Passage1旧人教版必修一 Unit 1 Friendship
Passage2译林版模块五Unit1 Getting along with ohters
Passage3新概念英语2 Lesson22 A glass envelope
主题二 语言（人与社会）
Passage1旧人教版必修一 Unit 2 English around the world
Passage2 译林版模块三Unit 2 Language
Passage3 2019人教版必修一 Unit6 Languages around the world
主题三 旅游（人与自然）
Passage1旧人教版必修一Unit3 Travel journal
Passage2 2019人教版选择性必修二Unit4 Journey across a vast land
Passage3新概念英语2 Lesson4 An exciting trip
主题四 自然灾害（人与自然）
Passage1旧人教版必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes
Passage2 2019北师大版必修二Unit5 Humans and nature
Passage3主题五 人物榜样（人与社会）
Passage1旧人教版必修一Unit 5 Nelson mandela-a modern hero
Passage2 2019人教版必修一 Unit 5 working the landPassage3
2019人教北师大版The admirable
主题一 友谊（人与社会、人与自我）
Passage1
旧人教版必修一Unit1 Friendship
Anne’s Best Friend
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend（make friends with sb.）.
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hid or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.
Thursday 15th June, 1944
Dear Kitty,
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about （be/grow crazy about）everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.
…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…
…Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
Yours,
Anne
Passage2
牛津版必修五unit1 Getting along with ohters
Secrets and lies
Dear Annie
I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah. We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-working and always get good grades at school.
On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed; I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!
Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls' washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret. However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class, when I went to sit down, I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said, Stupid Sarah got a D!' I was so upset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promising not to. Everyone must have been laughing behind my back! I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren't going to be friends any more because she couldn't keep her word. She was really upset and swore that she hadn't told anyone.
However, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the grades belong to. She said that someone must have been spying on us in the washroom, but I didn't believe her explanation. I don't think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I've lost my best friend. What shall I do
Yours sincerely ，
Sarah
A friendship in trouble
Dear Annie
My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the school football team. Last week, we had an important match against another school. The other team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was playing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless playing we lost.
Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough. He got annoyed, saying it wasn't his fault if he couldn't play as well as me, and that I shouldn't talk to him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship.
Since we argued, he hasn't spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. It's really awkward.
He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me.
Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend.
What should I do
Yours truly
Andrew
Passage3
新概念英语2 Lesson22 A glass envelope
My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea.She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now.However, they have decided to use the post office. Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.
主题二 语言（人与社会）
Passage1
旧人教必修一Unit2 English around the world
the Road to Modern English
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example:
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat
American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to you apartment.
So why has English changed over time Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was base more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity Only time will tell.
Passage2
译林版牛津高中英语模块三Unit2 Language
English and its history
All trough history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
Old English
Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic .Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain. Old English consist of a mixture of their languages. Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English. Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings ,people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.
When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words or phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and Saxons, while ill come from a word once used by the Norwegians.
Middle English
Middle English is the name give to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entre 250 years they ruled the England, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply(from Old French). It is interesting to learn how words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon.
Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said hosen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an –s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.
After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.
Modern English
Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end he changes in the English language. The question of weather English will keep on changing in the future is easy answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.
Passage3
2019人教版必修一Unit 6Languages around the world
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which hascontinued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.There are many reasons why thishas been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-basedlanguage.It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu- -animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE),these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over theyears, the system developed into differentforms, as it was a time when peoplewere divided geographically, leading tomany varieties of dialects and charactes. This, however, changed under EmperorQinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207ВСЕ).
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinesewriting system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance inuniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or whatdialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connectedwith its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinesein ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the developmen tof Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China playsa greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning toappreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
主题三 旅游（人与自然）
Passage1
旧人教版必修三Unit5 Canada-the true north
A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. ”
That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.
After two days’ travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.
That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.
Passage2
2019人教版选择性必修二Unit 4 Journey Accross a Vast Land
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL：
VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADA
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast.Rather than travel by mercial airline all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.For both of them，the thought ofcrossing the whole country by rail was exciting.
Before starting out，they spent a couple of days in Vancouver，seeing the sights. During their first day，as is typical of Vancouver，it rained.Despite the weather，they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay，and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques．The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city．Later，they took a pleasant hikein a forest just a short distance away.
The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies.Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.When the train arrived at the station，they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty．They spent the night，and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper.Looking at the beautiful scenery，they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken．In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests，one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures，including deer，mountain goats，and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
From Jasper，they caught the train towards Toronto.One of the train's first stops was in Edmonton，the provincial capital of Alberta，the centre of Canada's huge oil and gas drilling industry．Edmonton is freezing coldin winter，with daily temperatures averaging－10℃．Since it can be too cold to go outdoors，Edmonton is home to many shopping malls.In fact，one of the largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton.
From Edmonton，the train headed southeas across the great Canadian Prairie.At school，Daiyu and Liu Qian had learnt that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty seven million．However，they did not anticipate seeingsuch an open country，and were truly amazed.They went through two wheat growing provinces，where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area．
After another day on the train，eventually they were back in an urban area，the city of Winnipeg.From there，they travelled through the night，and woke up in Ontario—a land of forests and lakes.The train thundered on，through the rolling hills.The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red，gold，and orange，and there was frost on the ground，confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada．Night came again，and the train turned south towards Toronto.When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtain，they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron—one of the four Great Lakes on Ontario's southern border.It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto．All in all，their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.
Passage3
新概念英语2 Lesson4 An exciting trip
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.
主题四 灾难（人与自然）
Passage1
旧人教版必修一Unit4 Earthquake (2019人教版必修一略有改动Unit4 Natural disasters)
A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
But how could the survivors believe it was natural Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Passage2
2019北师大版必修二Unit5 Humans and nature
A Sea Story
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me.
That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. You think I am a very old man—but I am not. It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others. All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea. My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out “Moskoe-strom!” The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. I knew what he meant by that one word well enough.
With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. We were hopeless. Nothing could save us. I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment passed, and I was still safe.
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels. After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself. I then made three important observations. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly. So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after that, the whirlpool became less wild. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the moon was shining. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were. In the end, a boat picked me up. I was very tired. The fishermen were very old friends, but they were unable to recognise me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Now I have told you, and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did.
主题五 名人榜样（人与社会）
Passage1
旧人教版必修一Unit5Nelson Mandela - a modern hero
Elias’ Story
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”
It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:
“…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.”
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
Passage2
2019北师大版必修二Unit6 The admirable
A Mediacal Pioneer
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese womanwalked slowly on to the stage. She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s. Thewoman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel.
Prize for her work. A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that "the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions". When thankingthe Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, 'This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China." Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. Shestudied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation,she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the fieldfrom whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria-disease that killed millions of people every year. Across the world, scientists hadbeen trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret.She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern researchmethods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the teamhad limited resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in25which they worked had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. It worked wellin experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. TuYouyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were readyto start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's mosteffective drug for fighting malaria.
Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientistwhose work is internationally renowned. In 2019, she was selected by the BBCas one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou was noted for her braveryin being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to useold wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her workbridged the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. According to Tu Youyou,40 "From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potentialfor future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated".
Passage3
2019人教版选择性必修一Unit5 working the land
A Pioneer for All People
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybridrice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.
What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
（新人教、旧人教、北师大和新概念）
（不同版本教材整合，全新语境，熟悉词汇）
(适用旧人教版复习，不同版本教材拓展阅读，可编辑打印）
项目描述：新课程标准（2017版）对高中生的英语的阅读量要求达到35万字。因此，无论是新授课还是复习课，拓展阅读必不可少。“一标多版”的教材编制，为同题阅读提供了经典的阅读素材。本专题以主题为统领，整合了旧人教版，2019人教版，2019北师大版，译林版和新概念英语2&3的同题阅读篇章。本专辑在手，听说读写的素材应有尽有！
目录
主题一 友谊（人与社会、人与自我）
Passage1旧人教版必修一 Unit 1 Friendship
Passage2译林版模块五Unit1 Getting along with ohters
Passage3新概念英语2 Lesson22 A glass envelope
主题二 语言（人与社会）
Passage1旧人教版必修一 Unit 2 English around the world
Passage2 译林版模块三Unit 2 Language
Passage3 2019人教版必修一 Unit6 Languages around the world
主题三 旅游（人与自然）
Passage1旧人教版必修一Unit3 Travel journal
Passage2 2019人教版选择性必修二Unit4 Journey across a vast land
Passage3新概念英语2 Lesson4 An exciting trip
主题四 自然灾害（人与自然）
Passage1旧人教版必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes
Passage2 2019北师大版必修二Unit5 Humans and nature
Passage3主题五 人物榜样（人与社会）
Passage1旧人教版必修一Unit 5 Nelson mandela-a modern hero
Passage2 2019人教版必修一 Unit 5 working the landPassage3
2019人教北师大版The admirable
主题一 友谊（人与社会、人与自我）
Passage1
旧人教版必修一Unit1 Friendship
Anne’s Best Friend
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend（make friends with sb.）.
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hid or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.
Thursday 15th June, 1944
Dear Kitty,
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about （be/grow crazy about）everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.
…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…
…Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
Yours,
Anne
Passage2
牛津版必修五unit1 Getting along with ohters
Secrets and lies
Dear Annie
I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah. We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-working and always get good grades at school.
On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed; I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!
Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to wash our hands in the girls' washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret. However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class, when I went to sit down, I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said, Stupid Sarah got a D!' I was so upset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promising not to. Everyone must have been laughing behind my back! I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren't going to be friends any more because she couldn't keep her word. She was really upset and swore that she hadn't told anyone.
However, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the grades belong to. She said that someone must have been spying on us in the washroom, but I didn't believe her explanation. I don't think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I've lost my best friend. What shall I do
Yours sincerely ，
Sarah
A friendship in trouble
Dear Annie
My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the school football team. Last week, we had an important match against another school. The other team was superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was playing badly. He could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless playing we lost.
Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough. He got annoyed, saying it wasn't his fault if he couldn't play as well as me, and that I shouldn't talk to him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very important to me, but so is our friendship.
Since we argued, he hasn't spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. It's really awkward.
He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad. The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me.
Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football, and that I had better find another friend.
What should I do
Yours truly
Andrew
Passage3
新概念英语2 Lesson22 A glass envelope
My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea.She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now.However, they have decided to use the post office. Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.
主题二 语言（人与社会）
Passage1
旧人教必修一Unit2 English around the world
the Road to Modern English
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example:
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat
American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to you apartment.
So why has English changed over time Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was base more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity Only time will tell.
Passage2
译林版牛津高中英语模块三Unit2 Language
English and its history
All trough history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
Old English
Old English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic .Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain. Old English consist of a mixture of their languages. Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English. Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings ,people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.
When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words or phrases from different languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and Saxons, while ill come from a word once used by the Norwegians.
Middle English
Middle English is the name give to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entre 250 years they ruled the England, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply(from Old French). It is interesting to learn how words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals. Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans, came from Old French: beef, mutton, pork and bacon.
Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well. In Old English, the Germanic way of making words plural was used. For example, they said hosen instead of houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an –s to house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.
After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. However, by the latter half of the 14th century English had come into widespread use among all classes in England. His mother tongue was English, and he used English for all official events.
Modern English
Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. Because of this, Modern English includes many Latin and Greek words. Pronunciation also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end he changes in the English language. The question of weather English will keep on changing in the future is easy answer. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.
Passage3
2019人教版必修一Unit 6Languages around the world
THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT
China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which hascontinued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history.There are many reasons why thishas been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-basedlanguage.It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu- -animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE),these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over theyears, the system developed into differentforms, as it was a time when peoplewere divided geographically, leading tomany varieties of dialects and charactes. This, however, changed under EmperorQinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207ВСЕ).
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinesewriting system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance inuniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or whatdialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connectedwith its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinesein ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the developmen tof Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China playsa greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning toappreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
主题三 旅游（人与自然）
Passage1
旧人教版必修三Unit5 Canada-the true north
A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. ”
That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.
After two days’ travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.
That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.
Passage2
2019人教版选择性必修二Unit 4 Journey Accross a Vast Land
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL：
VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADA
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast.Rather than travel by mercial airline all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.For both of them，the thought ofcrossing the whole country by rail was exciting.
Before starting out，they spent a couple of days in Vancouver，seeing the sights. During their first day，as is typical of Vancouver，it rained.Despite the weather，they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay，and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques．The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city．Later，they took a pleasant hikein a forest just a short distance away.
The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies.Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.When the train arrived at the station，they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty．They spent the night，and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper.Looking at the beautiful scenery，they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken．In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests，one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures，including deer，mountain goats，and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
From Jasper，they caught the train towards Toronto.One of the train's first stops was in Edmonton，the provincial capital of Alberta，the centre of Canada's huge oil and gas drilling industry．Edmonton is freezing coldin winter，with daily temperatures averaging－10℃．Since it can be too cold to go outdoors，Edmonton is home to many shopping malls.In fact，one of the largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton.
From Edmonton，the train headed southeas across the great Canadian Prairie.At school，Daiyu and Liu Qian had learnt that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty seven million．However，they did not anticipate seeingsuch an open country，and were truly amazed.They went through two wheat growing provinces，where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area．
After another day on the train，eventually they were back in an urban area，the city of Winnipeg.From there，they travelled through the night，and woke up in Ontario—a land of forests and lakes.The train thundered on，through the rolling hills.The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red，gold，and orange，and there was frost on the ground，confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada．Night came again，and the train turned south towards Toronto.When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtain，they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron—one of the four Great Lakes on Ontario's southern border.It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto．All in all，their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.
Passage3
新概念英语2 Lesson4 An exciting trip
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.
主题四 灾难（人与自然）
Passage1
旧人教版必修一Unit4 Earthquake (2019人教版必修一略有改动Unit4 Natural disasters)
A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
But how could the survivors believe it was natural Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Passage2
2019北师大版必修二Unit5 Humans and nature
A Sea Story
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me.
That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul. You think I am a very old man—but I am not. It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others. All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea. My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out “Moskoe-strom!” The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. I knew what he meant by that one word well enough.
With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool. We were hopeless. Nothing could save us. I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over. But moment after moment passed, and I was still safe.
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels. After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself. I then made three important observations. The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly. So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
As you can see, the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after that, the whirlpool became less wild. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the moon was shining. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were. In the end, a boat picked me up. I was very tired. The fishermen were very old friends, but they were unable to recognise me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Now I have told you, and I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did.
主题五 名人榜样（人与社会）
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旧人教版必修一Unit5Nelson Mandela - a modern hero
Elias’ Story
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”
It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:
“…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.”
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
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2019北师大版必修二Unit6 The admirable
A Mediacal Pioneer
At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese womanwalked slowly on to the stage. She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s. Thewoman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel.
Prize for her work. A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that "the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions". When thankingthe Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, 'This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China." Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. Shestudied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation,she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the fieldfrom whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.
In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria-disease that killed millions of people every year. Across the world, scientists hadbeen trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret.She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern researchmethods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.
This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the teamhad limited resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in25which they worked had poor air quality. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. It worked wellin experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. TuYouyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were readyto start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's mosteffective drug for fighting malaria.
Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientistwhose work is internationally renowned. In 2019, she was selected by the BBCas one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. Tu Youyou was noted for her braveryin being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to useold wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her workbridged the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. According to Tu Youyou,40 "From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potentialfor future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated".
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2019人教版选择性必修一Unit5 working the land
A Pioneer for All People
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybridrice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.
What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.