(共29张PPT)
Ⅰ. How much do you know about London
1. Match the following pictures with their names.
A. Tower Bridge ③ E. The London Eye ②
B. The Houses of Parliament ⑥ F. Buckingham Palace ⑦
C. The British Museum ④ G. Big Ben ①
D. Number 10 Downing Street ⑤
2. Discuss in pairs and answer the following questions.
1) What’s the name of the UK’s currency and what is its currency symbol
____________
2) What is the full name of the UK
___________________________________________________
3) What countries does the UK consist of
_________________________________________
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Pound; ￡
England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland
Ⅱ. Skim the passage and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para 1—3) A. The cultural importance of London.
Part 2 (Para 4) B. How the UK came into being.
Part 3 (Para 5—6) C. England is divided into 3 zones.
答案: Part 1: B Part 2: C Part 3: A
Ⅲ. Read the text and try to answer the following questions.
1. When was Wales linked to England
_______________________
2. Why did only Northern Ireland join with England
_____________________________________________________
______________________________
In the thirteenth century.
Because the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke
away to form its own government.
3. Do the four countries have the same educational and legal systems
___________________________________________________
______
4. How many zones is England divided into What are they
____________________________________________________
__________
No. They still have different educational and legal systems
now.
Three. They are the South of England, the Midlands and
the North.
5. What’s the greatest historical treasure of all in the U. K.
__________________________________________________
__________________
It is London with its museums, art collections, theatres,
parks and buildings.
Ⅳ. Scan the passage and choose the best answers.
1. If you study British history, you’ll_____ .
A. be confused by the four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
B. know Wales was linked to Scotland in the 13th century
C. know why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
D. know that“Great Britain” equals the “United Kingdom”
2. Which came first in Britain according to the text
A. England. B. Northern Ireland.
C. Scotland. D. Wales.
3. Which of the following statements about King James is TRUE
A. He used to be King of Scotland, England and Ireland.
B. He was a successful King who changed the name of “Great Britain”.
C. He lived in the sixteenth century.
D. He united England, Wales and Scotland in a peaceful way.
4. The Union Jack is made up of three countries’ national flags. Which three countries are they
A. England, Wales and Scotland.
B. England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
C. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
D. England, Scotland and Great Britain.
5. In which field do the four countries work together
A. Educational system. B. Football teams.
C. International relations. D. Legal system.
Ⅴ. Fill in the blanks according to the reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY, paying attention to their forms (the first letter is given to help you).
The United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland were 1. u nited peacefully. The southern part of Ireland broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined to 2. f orm the United Kingdom. The four countries work together in international relations, but
they are 3. d ifferent in educational and legal systems. And they also form different football teams for 4. c ompetitions like the World Cup.
England, which is the largest of the four countries, is 5. divided roughly into three zones. You find most of the population 6. settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Those industrial cities built in the 19th century do not 7. attract visitors. From the older but smaller towns built by the Romans you can find out more about 8. British history and culture.
London has many 9. museums , art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. There have been four sets of 10. invaders of England, and you can find evidence of these invaders around the British countryside.
Sailors used to speak of a “jack” when
they meant a flag which was set near the
bow(船头) of a sailing ship. The flag
showed the country to which the ship belonged. The Union Jack became the flag of Great Britain. Australia’s flag has the Union Jack in the top left-hand corner together with the stars of the Southern Cross. They have kept this small part of
Britain on their flag because their country was first settled by people from Britain. Australia’s flag is the same color as the Union Jack — red, white and blue. The act of joining together is called a “union”. The Union Jack was the name of the flag made when England, Scotland and Ireland joined together to make one country.
It all began in 1707, when England and Scotland joined together to become one nation. A flag was made using two crosses—one for the patron saint of each country, which means protector. Many centuries before, the English had taken St George as their patron saint. His symbol was a red cross on a white background. The Scottish patron saint was St Andrew. In memory of him, they used a white cross on a blue background. This cross was shaped like the letter “X”. The new flag was a mixture of both flags with two sets of crosses.
When Ireland joined England and Scotland in 1800, another cross was added. St Patrick’s cross of Ireland was red and also shaped like an “X”. All three flags made up the Union Jack.
1. The Union Jack is the flag of _______.
A. the United Nations B. Ireland
C. England and Scotland D. Great Britain
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句The Union Jack became the flag of Great Britain. 可知。
2. It is because _____ that Australia has the Union Jack in the top left-hand corner together with the stars of the Southern Cross.
A. the Union Jack was named when England, Scotland and Ireland joined together
B. people from Britain brought the flag of Great Britain to Australia
C. people from Britain settled in Australia first
D. the flag of Great Britain is colourful
【解析】选C。细节理解题。第一段第五句They have kept this small part of Britain on their flag because their country was first settled by people from Britain. 说明了原因。
3. According to the text, which of the following statements is NOT true
A. St George was the English patron saint.
B. The Scottish had taken St Andrew as their patron saint.
C. St Patrick was the patron saint of Ireland, whose cross was red.
D. Ever since 1800, the British have taken Union Jack as their patron saint.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知“patron saint”是由人来充当的“protector”，由第二段的第三句“. . . the English had taken St George as their patron saint. ”和第五句“The Scottish patron saint was St Andrew. ”可知A、B两项正确；由末段第二句St Patrick’s cross of Ireland was red and also shaped like an “X”. 可知C项正确；而由第一段首句和末句可知“Union Jack”只是英国国旗的名称，不是人名，故D项错误。(共20张PPT)
动词过去分词和动词不定式及动词的-ing形式称为非谓语动词，是高中阶段学习的重点内容，也是高考的常考内容之一。学习过去分词时应该注意以下几点：一、了解过去分词的基本概念。二、掌握过去分词的最基本的用法。三、过去分词和现在分词及不定式在具体应用时的区别。
观察下列句子，注意宾语与黑体部分在语态上的关系, 在句中所起的作用及充当的成分。
①Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
如今当有人提起英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也包括在内。
②Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
最后，在20世纪早期，英国政府想通过同样的和平方式与爱尔兰组成联合王国。
③. . . ，so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
……，因此，萍玉就跨着这道线拍了一张照。
在以上各句中，宾语与黑体部分在语态上是被动关系，黑体部分用来说明宾语，在句中作宾语补足语。过去分词作宾语补足语的情况如下：
1. 表示“意欲；命令”的动词如like, want, wish, expect, order等之后。
①The father wants his daughter well educated .
这位父亲想让女儿接受良好的教育。
②I would like my house painted white.
我想把我的房子漆成白色。
2. 感官动词(词组)feel，hear, listen to, see及notice，observe，watch，help等之后。
①I saw an old man knocked down (看到有位老人被撞倒)by a car just now.
②Many customers felt themselves cheated (感到自己被骗了).
3. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep表示“致使”等，后面可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
Have you got your films developed
你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有
在“have /get＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，具有以下几种含义：
①意为“主语请别人做某事”。
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
译：明天他想检查一下眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)
②意为“遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”，此时不宜用get。
He had his money stolen. 译：他的钱被偷了。(被别人偷去了)
③意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。
We will have all the work accomplished by this Friday.
译：到星期五我们就会把所有的工作完成。(主语自己可能参与)
4. “with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构在句中可以作后置定语、状语(表示时间、方式、条件、让步、原因、伴随等)。
①With water heated，we can see the steam rising. (作条件状语)
②She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. (作方式状语)
③The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. (作伴随状语)
④With the road blocked, we had to make a detour (绕道走). (作原因状语)
⑤With the matter settled, we all went home. (作时间状语)
⑥The palace with soldiers guarded is the president’s residence (住所). (作定语)
1. 句型转换
①I felt that I was fooled by a group of fools.
→I felt myself fooled by a group of fools.
②I am very happy to see that the fact has been clarified.
→I am very happy to see the fact clarified.
③When he entered, he found that the headmaster was seated at the back of the classroom.
→When he entered, he found the headmaster seated at the back of the classroom.
④As the ground was covered with a layer of ice, he couldn’t walk without falling.
→With the ground covered with a layer of ice, he couldn’t walk without falling.
⑤When he was a child, his mother noticed he was interested in arithmetics.
→When he was a child, his mother noticed him interested in arithmetics.
⑥The boss ordered all the work be finished before 11 pm.
→The boss ordered that all the work should be finished before 11 pm.
⑦My father will have someone paint the fence.
→My father will have/get the fence painted.
⑧The boy hurt his left hand when he was playing on the lift.
→The boy had his left hand hurt when he was playing on the lift.
⑨The girl suffers from autism and locks herself in her room all day long.
→The girl suffers from autism and keeps herself locked in her room all day long.
⑩The dustmen were on strike and left the rubbish piled for a week.
→The dustmen were on strike and the rubbish were left piled for a week.
2. 单项填空
①Claire had her luggage _____ an hour before her plane left.
［2011陕西高考］
A. check B. checking
C. to check D. checked
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词的用法。结构“have sth. done”意为“某事/某物被做”。句意：飞机起飞前，克莱尔的行李接受了检查。由于名词luggage与动词check之间为被动关系，故选择过去分词作宾补。
②Even the best writers sometimes find themselves______ for words. ［2011浙江高考］
A. lose B. lost
C. to lose D. having lost
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：即便是最优秀的作家有时也会难以找到合适的词汇表达。“find oneself +done”表示“感到自己被……”，由于空格处和themselves有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以选用过去分词作宾语补足语。其他选项形式不对。(共19张PPT)
如何写景点介绍类说明文
本单元的写作要求是说明文的写作。说明文是对某事物的特征、功能、结构、本质、用途、原理、来源等进行客观和具体的阐述。目的在于提供知识、表明观点。说明文的说明对象可以是具体的客观事件、人物、自然环境，也可以是某些抽象的东西，比如原理、概念、定律、思想等。说明文写作的常用的方法有列数字、做比较、打比方、举例子、引资料等。写作说明文时要做到：一、抓住人或事物的基本特征；二、要遵循一定的顺序，使文章条理清楚，中心突出；三、要运用恰当的方法进行说明；四、语言要做到准确无误，不可过分渲染或模棱两可，要简洁、明白。
假如你是王林，你正在黄山度假。黄山美丽的风景深深吸引着你，请根据以下要点写一封email给你的朋友李军，描述自己的所见和感受。
1. 黄山占地250平方公里，其中154平方公里是风景点；
2. 黄山七十二峰，最高峰莲花峰(海拔1 000多米)吸引了无数游客来攀登，迎客松成为好客的象征；
3. 黄山以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉而闻名于世；
4. ……
注意：1. 词数120左右，信的格式及开头、结尾已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇： 莲花峰 Lotus Flower Peak 温泉 hot spring 好客的 hospitable 迎客松 Guest-Greeting Pine
Dear Li Jun,
This is my first time to visit Mount Huangshan. And I am fascinated by the beauty of its scenery. ___________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Yours,
Wang Lin
【审题谋篇】
1. 时态：一般现在时
2. 人称：第一人称和第三人称
3. 结构：①开头直接切入正题，为下面的内容作铺垫。
②正文按空间层次介绍景点，由面到点。
③略谈自己的感受和看法。
【遣词造句】
1. 词汇：
①吸引 attract ②由……构成/组成 consist of
③被称为be known as ④令人愉快的 enjoyable
2. 句型：
1)仿写
①迎客松被称为好客的象征。
示例：. . . and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. . . (be known as)
仿写：The Guest-Greeting Pine is known as a symbol of being hospitable.
②老实说，这次旅行的确使我的假期既愉快又有所值。
示例：You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile (make+宾语+宾补(adj. 结构))
仿写：To be honest, this trip really makes my holiday enjoyable and worthwhile.
2)高级表达法
黄山占地250平方公里，其中154平方公里是风景点。
一般表达法：The area of Mount Huangshan is 250 square kilometers, and 154 square kilometers of them are scenic area.
高级表达法：Mount Huangshan covers an area of 250 square kilometers, of which 154 square kilometers are scenic area.
Dear Li Jun,
This is my first time to visit Mount Huangshan. And I am fascinated by the beauty of its scenery.
Mount Huangshan covers an area of 250 square kilometers, of which 154 square kilometers are scenic area. Before approaching it, a stretch of peaks came into my sight. It is said that Mount Huangshan consists of 72 peaks, of which
the highest one is called Lotus Flower Peak. It is more than 1, 000 meters above sea level and it has been attracting numerous visitors to have a try to reach it. In addition, I am very lucky to have enjoyed the four well-known wonders, that is, pines and stones of strange shapes, a sea of clouds and hot springs, especially the famous Guest-Greeting Pine which is known as a symbol of being hospitable. It is also true of local people. In fact, apart from its beautiful scenery, it is also well-known for its rich resources and long history.
To be honest, I’m really making my holiday enjoyable and worthwhile. And I advise you to experience its unique beauty by yourself if possible.
Yours,
Wang Lin
1. 写作前要明确写作的体裁。本文为书信，因此首先要注意书信的格式，不要遗漏书信的开头和结尾。
2. 根据所给文字材料，写作时要注意要点全面，根据事实材料和题目背景构思好文章的结构，由面到点展开。将要点归于不同的部分。如本题首段要引出话题。所给的要点1、2、3、4都属于中段正文部分，末段为结束段，综上所述，概括性地陈述感受。
根据提示，写一篇120词左右的短文，介绍中国的情况。
1. 中国位于亚洲的东部，是世界上第三大国家，面积有
9 600 000平方公里，境内河流长江和黄河是两条最长最重要的河流。西部有大面积的沙漠。
2. 中国有五千多年的历史，有56个民族，其中汉族人口最多。
3. 北京是中国的首都。
4. 中国是个发展中国家。全国人民会把自己的国家建设得更加富强。
参考词汇：长江Yangtze River 黄河Yellow River
注意：短文的开头已写好，不计入总词数。
China is situated in the east of Asia. __________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
【参考范文】
China is situated in the east of Asia. It is the third largest country in the world and has an area of 9. 6 million square kilometers. In China there are many rivers, of which the Yangtze River and the Yellow River are the longest and most important ones. There is a large area of desert in the west of China.
China has a long history of over 5, 000 years. It is a country with many nationalities. There are 56 nationalities altogether and the Han nationality is the largest one. Beijing is the capital of China.
China is a developing country. Now we Chinese people are working harder to turn China into a richer and more powerful country.(共67张PPT)
1. consist
How many countries does the UK consist of (P9)
英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？
Tolerance consists in respecting the opinions of others.
宽容在于尊重别人的意见。
The information consists with his account. 消息与他的叙述相符合。
①consist vi. 意为：组成，表示“由……组成/构成”时，
与of 搭配使用。
②consist in 意为：在于。
③consist with 意为：与……相符/一致 。
①Water is consisted of hydrogen and oxygen. (改错)
________________________
②Five members consist of the committee. (改错)
____________________________________________________
___________________________________
③The beauty of the town is its traditional building. (同义句
转换)
→The beauty of the town consists in its traditional building.
is consisted改为consists
Five members make up the committee. 或The committee is
made up of (consists of) five members.
2. divide. . . into. . .
England can be divided into three main areas. (P9)
英格兰可分成三个主要地区。
The children divided up the candy among themselves.
孩子们把糖果分吃了。
A fence divides our garden from neighbour’s garden.
一道栅栏把我们家的花园与邻居家花园隔开。
Ten divided by two is five. 十除以二等于五。
①divide. . . into. . . 意思是：把……分成……。
②divide和among搭配时意思是：分配；分享。
③divide和by搭配时意思是：除以。
①Take the cake and divide it into twenty pieces (分成二十份). We will divide it among the children (分给孩子们).
②A shallow strait separates the island from the mainland. (英译汉)
一道浅浅的海峡把小岛和大陆分隔开来。
选词填空: (divide/separate)
③As we joined the big crowd, I got separated from my friends.
④They separated the good apples from the bad ones and divided the good ones into twenty parts.
3. break away
However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. (P10)
然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意(组建联合王国)，它分离出去建立了自己的政府。
Lincoln said it was not right for the South to break away from the union.
林肯说，南方脱离联邦政府是不对的。
break away意思是：挣脱(束缚)；脱离。常和from连用。
break up打碎；结束，解散；驱散；解体
break in打断；闯入
break into. . . 闯入……
break out(灾难或疾病)爆发
break down出故障；垮掉
break off折断；中断；暂停
用适当的介词或副词填空
①What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up
②Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries.
③What can we do to help them to break away from the difficult position
④Don’t break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.
⑤The thieves broke into the bank and stole money.
4. convenience
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. (P10)在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。
Come over to my place at your convenience. 方便时请来我处。
Please come whenever it is to your convenience.
只要您觉得方便随时可以过来。
①convenience n. 意为：便利；方便。
②for convenience 意为：为了方便起见。
③at one’s convenience 意为：在某人方便的时候。
④to one’s convenience 意为：对某人方便(合适)。
convenient adj. 便利的；方便的
be convenient to sb. 对某人方便
①Meetings are always arranged ______ the management’s convenience and the staff are expected to fit in.
A. for B. to C. at D. of
【解析】选C。at one’s convenience=at the convenience of sb．在某人方便的时候。句意：会议总是安排在管理层方便的时候，希望员工们尽量适应。
②Would it be ______ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport
A. free B. vacant
C. handy D. convenient
【解析】选D。句意：4点钟你来接我并送我去机场方便吗？free自由的；vacant未被占用的；handy手边的，附近的；convenient方便的，便利的。
③I hope you will come around if you are convenient. (改错)
I hope you will come around if it is convenient to/for you .
5. attract
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. (P10)
遗憾的是，十九世纪建立起来的这些工业城市对游客无吸引力。(attract意为引起兴趣 )
Her beauty attracted people. 她的美貌引人注目。(attract
意为引起注意 )
A magnet attracts iron and steel. 磁石吸钢铁。(attract意为
吸引 )
attraction n. 吸引；爱慕；吸引力；吸引人的事物
attractive adj. 有吸引力的；有魅力的
attractively adv. 迷人地；有吸引力地
根据短文内容在括号内写出黑体部分的汉语意思。
The attractions ①(名胜，向往的地方) of Shanghai World Expo are quite a lot, but the China Pavilion is the most attractive ②(对……有吸引力的) building. “The Crown of the East” includes many traditional Chinese elements of architecture, attractively ③(吸引人地)for the unique structural component of connected wooden brackets. It attracted ④(吸引)about 400, 000 tourists every day, but only 50, 000 people can have the admission to it.
6. leave out
Which country is left out (P11)
哪个国家被遗漏了？(leave out意为遗漏)
You can leave out the parts of the story that are not interesting.
你可以把故事中无趣的部分省略。(leave out意为省去)
We left out the possibility of his coming for the party.
我们没有考虑到他会来参加聚会。(leave out意为不考虑)
leave (a place) for a place 离开(某地)去某地
leave sth. aside 不予考虑；搁置一边
leave alone 不管；不理；不干涉
leave off 停止; 中断
leave sb. /sth. behind 把……抛在后面；超过
leave. . . to/with. . . 把……托付给，留给
①She was so careless that she _____ an important detail in her account.
A. left out B. leaves out
C. left off D. left aside
【解析】选A。句意：她太粗心了，以至于在叙述中她漏掉了一个重要的细节。leave out遗漏；leave off中断；leave aside不予考虑；搁置一边。
用适当的介、副词填空
②He doesn’t have enough money for food, let alone amusements.
③The plane leaves for Shanghai at 12: 00.
④Start reading from where you left off last time.
⑤If you want to buy the new house, leave out the price, we all can help you.
⑥We’ll leave aside the problem of agency until next week.
7. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. (P10)
如今要是有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是包括在内的。
此句中包含一个find复合宾语结构，宾语是Wales, 宾语补足语是included。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系。
find复合宾语结构：
I found him an honest man.
We find the story very interesting.
After wandering around, we found ourselves back at the hotel.
We found everything in good order.
When he arrived，he found all the work finished.
When she woke up，she found herself lying in hospital.
①They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water(被水包围). (surround)
②She found herself in conflict with her parents(和她的父母有分歧) over her future career. (conflict)
③Alice found a wallet lying on the ground(一个钱包躺在地上). (lie)
④He found the carriage _______ on the bridge when he woke up.
A. hang B. hanging
C. being hung D. to hang
【解析】选B。句意：当他醒来时，发现车厢挂在桥上。此处使用现在分词短语作宾补表示状态。
8. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. (P10)
值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面(例如在货币和国际关系上)共同合作，但在制度上仍然存在很大差别。
本句是含有并列连词but的并列句。do work为强调结构。在一般现在时和一般过去时实义动词作谓语的肯定句中，强调谓语动词时，常在动词原形前加do (does或did)，do的意思是: 的确, 确实, 真的。
①I did earn 2, 000 yuan in this holiday.
这个假期我的确挣了2 000元钱。
②Do be careful next time, please.
切记下次要小心。
①If you have a job, ________ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. ［2010四川高考］
A. do devote B. don’t devote
C. devoting D. not devoting
【解析】选A。句意：如果你有一份工作，务必要全力以赴地去做，最终你就会成功的。if引导的是条件状语从句，空格处用动词原形构成祈使句，从而构成“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”的结构。do用来加强语气，强调动词。
②—Have you ever been to Shanghai Expo Site
—I _______it last week.
A. did visit B. do visit
C. did visited D. do visited
【解析】选A。英语中强调谓语动词通常用助动词do, do有人称和时态的变化，其后谓语动词要用动词原形。故用did visit。
A
On Easter Day 1722, Dutch explorers
landed on Easter Island. The strangers
were about to find something very strange themselves — an island dotted with hundreds of huge stone statues and a society that was not as primitive (原始的) as they had expected. Where had the Islanders originally come from Why and how had they built the figures
Genetic science has resolved the first great question: from where did they sail In the 1950s, the world famous explorer, Thor Heyerdahl showed that it was possible to cross the open ocean from South America to Easter Island. Only recently though has DNA evidence provided proof of the first Islanders’ origins. Carbon dating of artifacts on Easter Island shows the Polynesians landed around AD 700. It seems they lived an isolated existence for the next thousand years. The
society flourished with abundant sea life and farming to feed a growing population of about 12, 000 people. The people’s success manifested (表现) itself in hundreds of huge stone figures─moai.
Opinions differ widely on how they were moved and raised, but no one disputes the years of effort involved in getting the statues carved and into place. Archaeologist, Sergio Rapu, matched coral fragments (碎片) with a traditional name for the moai, living face of our ancestors’ and realised that the figures had once had eyes. With their backs to the sea they could inspire and protect the Islanders.
That protection fell apart in the 1600s. The moai were torn down. Examination of skeletons from that time confirms “at war with themselves”. The real killer of the original Easter Islanders came across the ocean. After 1722, it became fashionable for explorers to visit Easter Island, bringing their own diseases. But the final blow came in 1862 when slave traders landed from Peru and took away 1, 500 people, a third of the population. Transported to South America, within one year all but 15 were dead. They were brought back to their homes.
1. Before the Dutch explorers arrived on Easter Island, ___.
A. they hadn’t expected to meet people on the island
B. the island hadn’t been disturbed by people from outside
C. there had been a primitive society there for thousands of years
D. the hundreds of huge stone statues hadn’t existed
【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章第二段中的“It seems they lived an isolated existence for the next thousand years. ”说明在荷兰探险者到达之前，岛上的居民过着与世隔绝的生活。
2. The Islanders originally came from ____.
A. North America B. South Asia
C. South Africa D. South America
【解析】选D。细节理解题。文章第二段有信息说明，岛上的居民最初来自南美洲。
3. We can infer from the second paragraph that ______.
A. it was Thor Heyerdahl who provided the DNA evidence
B. the population on Easter Island always remained to be small
C. what Thor Heyerdahl believed proved to be true
D. it was easy for the Islanders to make the voyage
【解析】选C。推理判断题。Thor Heyerdahl向人们证明了：从南美洲到复活岛是可能的，而后面的科学证据也证明了这一点。
4. According to Archaeologist, Sergio Rapu, people built the huge stone figures as ____.
A. evidence of their success on the island
B. a protection to themselves
C. defense against people from outside
D. a way to show their artistic creation
【解析】选B。细节理解题。从文章第三段最后一句可知，石雕对岛上居民有一种激励和保护作用。本题中A项干扰性最大，因为第二段最后一句对此选项有所暗示，但不如B选项在文章中体现得明确。
5. The moai were torn down by ______.
A. the Dutch explorers
B. the slave traders
C. the Islanders themselves
D. some known invaders
【解析】选C。细节理解题。文章最后一段说明，考古发现，岛上居民之间发生过战争，导致石雕倒塌。
B
Situated in the South West of England,
between Exeter and Plymouth, Torquay is
one of the most popular holiday resorts in
Britain. It provides sophisticated (精致)
entertainment, sports of every kind and cultural facilities, all set in a position of outstanding natural beauty. Visitors can
choose between luxury hotels by the sea, with private suites swimming pools and saunas (桑拿), and comfortable but less expensive guest houses. There are camping sites, too, and hundreds of houses displaying “B＆B” signs.
As well as a number of small quiet bays, which are ideal for beach barbecues (烧烤) away from the crowds, Torquay has large sandy beaches where you can buy refreshments (饮料) and hire deck chairs, boats and even beach huts. There are large areas of grassland overlooking the sea, and miles of winding cliff paths for walkers who just want to enjoy the scenery and what is often said to be the healthiest air in the country. For the sportsmen and women there are opportunities not only for golf, tennis, squash and bowls, but also for water-skiing, hang-gliding and deep-sea fishing.
After a day in the open air, there’s lots to do in the evenings, too. There are plenty of discos, the occasional opera or ballet, and summer variety shows in the seafront theatres. For the children, there is a beautiful model village with a complicated railway layout which is remarkably realistic, especially when the lights are all on at night.
Of course, there’s no need to spend your whole holidays in Torquay. Only a short drive away is Dartmoor National Park, where you can walk for miles through dramatic, unspoiled countryside, or picnic by beautiful rivers and streams. Or nearer to home, you can sail across Torbay to the lovely old fishing village of Brixham.
Torquay seems to have something for everyone. But don’t take my word for e and see for yourself.
6. Which of the following best explains what “B&B” means on the signs
A. Bed and breakfast. B. Breakfast and bath.
C. Beach and barbecue. D. Beautiful and British
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。从短文中我们知道，Torquay是一个旅游胜地，游客很多，自然当地的居民会因此提供许多针对旅客的服务项目。而一般的家庭提供的当然通常只有bed和breakfast了。
7. According to the passage, Torquay might be described as ______.
A. comfortable and expensive
B. crowded and lively
C. remote and beautiful
D. fresh and healthy
【解析】选C。推理判断题。从本文第二段第一句话可知，Torquay是一个比较偏僻的地方，从后面的描述中我们又知道，这个地方非常美丽。
8. From this passage we know that Torquay ____.
A. is a very modern large city
B. lies by the sea
C. has a large population
D. is a very modern hotel by the sea
【解析】选B。细节理解题。从全文我们可以看出，Torquay是一个海滨小镇，人口不多，有着乡村的宁静和美丽，是一个适合旅游的好地方，只有B项正确。
9. What is special about the model village
A. It opens at night.
B. It has something for the children.
C. It’s in the open air.
D. It has a real railway system.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第三段最后一句话可推出B项，其余选项曲解了原句意思。
10. What is the purpose of writing this passage
A. To introduce the geography of Torquay to students.
B. To make some places known to visitors.
C. To show the beauty of resorts.
D. To attract more tourists.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。这篇文章介绍了Torquay原始的美丽及其旅游服务设施的完备，其目的当然是为了吸引游客。(共69张PPT)
1. take the place of
All of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions and in different situations. (P12)
下列这些动词都能够代替said，但它们在不同的条件和情形下应用。
Be quiet everyone. Please take your place.
大家请安静，请坐好。
No one can take his place in our department.
在我们局没有人能代替他的位置。
take the place of意思是：代替；坐某人的座位，也可以表达为take one’s place。
take place发生；举行
instead of代替；而不是
in place of代替
in place在适当的位置
out of place不合适；不在适当的位置
in the first place首先，起初
根据所给汉语提示完成短文
Hello, everyone, please ①take your seat (就坐). In spite of the rainy weather, our sports meeting is ②taking place (举行)on time. But we are holding it indoors in the city stadium ③instead of (而不是) in our playground. Modern sports facilities (体育设施) here ④take the place of (代替) our out-of-date ones. In the following opening ceremony, ⑤in place of (代替) putting on a performance, we will give a group
calisthenics (团体操) arranged by the Students’ Union, in which you will learn how to cooperate. ⑥In the first place (首先), I hope everyone can stand or sit ⑦in place (在适当的位置) throughout the competition. Compete and watch sports events in a civilized manner. Protect the facilities and keep the environment clean.
2. break down
阅读下列句子，并在其后的括号内选择break down的含义
a. 身体垮下来 b. 精神失控 c. 分解
d. 破裂 e. 坍塌 f. (机器)损坏, 破坏
①On my way to the station my car broke down. (P13)( f )
②Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. ( d )
③The bridge broke down in the last earthquake. ( e )
④His health has broken down because of working too hard.
( a )
⑤Certain chemical elements can be broken down by sea water.
( c )
⑥He broke down and wept when he heard the news. ( b )
①The computer system _____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A. broke out B. broke down
C. broke up D. broke in
【解析】选B。句意：当他在网上查资料时，电脑系统突然出故障了。break down(机器等)出故障。
②At first he refused to admit he had stolen but when he was shown the videotape, he _____ and admitted everything.
A. broke up B. broke away
C. broke down D. broke in
【解析】选C。句意：刚开始他对他的盗窃行为矢口否认，但让他看了监控录像时，他崩溃了，承认了一切。break up打碎；分裂；分散；break away脱离；break down(精神)崩溃；break in插嘴；打断。
3. arrange
①They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company. (P13) (arrange vt. 筹备)
他们没有时间筹备婚礼，所以他们让一家公司为他们筹备。
②I have arranged that one of my staff will meet you at the airport. (arrange vt. 安排 )
我已经安排好派一个职员到飞机场接你。
③I arranged the flowers in the vase as soon as I came back home. (arrange vt. 整理 )
一回到家里，我就把花在花瓶里插好。
④I’ve arranged for a doctor to see him.
(arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事)我已安排好医生给他看病。
⑤We’ve arranged to meet them at the restaurant.
(arrange to do sth. 准备某事，约定做某事)
我们已安排在餐馆与他们见面。
⑥The local newspaper made arrangement for an interview with Professor Smith. (arrangement n. 安排；约定；筹备)
这家当地报纸做好了安排采访史密斯教授。
①Please arrange (整理)the books on the shelves.
②She arranged to meet Tom (安排见汤姆)in secret after work.
③They made an arrangement (安排)to share the food.
④Don’t worry. I’ve _____ pick up the guests at the station at 6 o’clock.
A. arranged to B. arranged for
C. prepared D. prepared for
【解析】选A。考查arrange结构。句意：不要担心，我已安排六点去车站接来宾。arrange to do sth. 意为“安排做某事”。
⑤—I hear that you will be on business again.
—Yeah. My boss _____ for me to discuss business details with someone from another company. ［2012三明高二检测］
A. asked B. arranged
C. held D. required
【解析】选B。答句后半句句意：老板安排我与另一家公司的一个人详谈业务。arrange for sb. to do sth．安排某人做某事。
4. delight
Her first delight was going to the Tower. (P14)
她首先想去看的地方是伦敦塔。
The clown delighted the audience. 小丑逗乐了观众。
delight作为名词，意为：快乐；高兴；喜悦。
作为动词，意为：使高兴；使欣喜。
(1)to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是
with delight 高兴地
take delight in. . . 以……为乐
(2)delighted adj. 高兴的
be delighted at/by. . . 因……而高兴
用适当的介词填空
①He always takes delight in playing chess.
②To his delight, he passed the driving test.
③She delights in being surrounded by admirers.
④I have received your letter and read it with delight.
⑤The woman was delighted at the recovery of her stolen jewels.
5. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. (P14)
奇怪的是，这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
这是一个复合句。that引导的是主语从句，it是形式主语。should have done的意思是“竟然，居然”，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感。
①It is natural that a rich man like him should live in such a splendid house.
像他这样的富人住在这样豪华的房子里是很自然的事情。
②It is a shame that you should have done such a thing.
你竟然做出这样的事真是羞耻。
①我们掌握一门第二外语很必要。
It is necessary that we should master a second foreign language.
②保持自然平衡对人类来说是很重要的。
It is important that man should keep the balance of nature.
③太遗憾了，你竟会这样粗心。
It is a pity that you should be so careless.
④It is strange that a prince _____ an commoner (平民).
A. should have married B. could have married
C. must have married D. might have married
【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：王子竟然与一位平民女子结婚，真令人感到奇怪。It is strange that从句中的谓语动词用should+have done或should+动词原形。
1. quarrel
Do these differences cause conflicts or quarrels (P12)
这些差异引起冲突或争论吗？
I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.
我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。
The couple was quarreling furiously about whose turn it was to cook the dinner.
这对夫妇对该轮到谁做晚饭而激烈争吵着。
①quarrel既是名词，又是动词，意思是：争论；争吵; 吵架。
②“和……争吵/争论”是“quarrel with sb. ”。
③“为……而争吵/争论”是“quarrel about/over sth. ”。
①The long-lasting meeting, filled with arguments and____，ended in disorder, reaching no conclusion.
［2012临沂高二检测］
A. delight B. quarrels
C. quarrel D. pleasure
【解析】选B。quarrel这里是名词。quarrels与arguments为并列关系。句意为：这场持续了很长时间的会议，充满了辩论和争吵，最终混乱无结果地告终。
②If you quarrel ____ the employer again, you will risk getting dismissed from the company.
A. about B. over
C. with D. to
【解析】选C。固定搭配quarrel with sb. about/over sth．因某事与某人争吵。D项不和quarrel搭配。
2. thrill
①But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. (P14)(thrill vt. 意思是：使激动；使胆战心惊, thrilled adj. 兴奋的；激动的)
但是，她感到震撼的却是博物馆里展出的那么多来自不同文化的奇珍异宝。
②The child was thrilled with horror at the sight of the tiger in the dark! (be thrilled at/about/with sth. 对……感到兴奋)
那孩子看到暗处的老虎吓得毛骨悚然。
③The film works up to a thrilling climax. (thrilling adj.
令人感到兴奋的)
这部电影逐渐发展到令人惊悚的高潮。
用thrill的正确形式完成句子。
①We were thrilled to hear the news.
②The thrilling sight never fails to thrill me.
③It gave me a big ____ to meet my favourite author in person.
A. excite B. thrill
C. convenience D. credit
【解析】选B。句意：能见到我最喜欢的作者本人使我感到兴奋不已。excite动词, thrill既可作动词“使人兴奋”也可作名词“兴奋，激动”，convenience方便, credit信任，赞扬, 学分。
3. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. (P14)
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉把她要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。
worried about the time available是过去分词短语作原因状语，worried的逻辑主语是Zhang Pingyu，相当于As she (Zhang Pingyu) was worried about the time available。she wanted to see in London是定语从句，省略了关系代词that。
①Tired of the boring speech , many audience left halfway.
因为厌倦了无聊的演讲，很多观众中途就离开了。
②Well known for his wonderful voice，he was able to win the championship of China’s Got Talent.
由于出色的嗓音，他在中国达人秀中获得冠军。
①_____twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten
C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词用法。the postman与bite之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且被咬已是事实，故排除C, D两项；被咬的动作已经发生，故排除A项。
② ______by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
【解析】选C。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。很显然，encourage的逻辑主语即句子的主语many farmers，所以应该用过去分词表被动，作原因状语，相当于because they are encouraged by. . . 。
4. It looked splendid when first built! (P14)
刚建成的时候，它看上去金碧辉煌!
这是一个省略句。when first built中省略了“ it was ”。
①Though invited , he refused to attend her wedding.
虽然受到了邀请，他拒绝参加她的婚礼。
②If heated to a higher temperature, iron will turn into liquid.
如果加热到更高的温度，铁会变成液体。
③I will go there if possible.
如果可能的话，我会去那儿。
①Though______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
［2010全国卷Ⅱ］
A. surprising B. was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
【解析】选C。考查省略结构和非谓语动词。补充完整为：Though he was surprised. . . ，主语一致，省略主语和系动词。
②Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired B. tiring
C. tired D. to be tired
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。当表示“困倦”时应使用be tired，又因为主从句主语一致，从句谓语部分含be，可使用省略用法，故此处答案应为tired。
The Tower of London has a very interesting story behind it. It was begun by a man who was not even English, William of Normandy. At the time he was the cousin of England’s King Edward. It all started 1 William became outraged when Edward gave up his 2 to give the throne to William and 3 up giving the throne to his English brother-in-law, Harold. William 4 his army across the English Channel to conquer England. On October 14, 1066, he met Harold at Hastings and 5 him. On Christmas Day later that year, William was 6 King of England. Immediately after William 7 over as
king, he built forts everywhere. One stood in the southeastern corner of London on the north 8 of the Thames River. William 9 that this fort be removed in 1078 to be 10 by a huge stone stronghold. This would be the 11 of his power, a fortress for his defense, and a prison for his enemies. He named it the Tower of London.
The Tower was 12 twenty years later, rising nearly one hundred feet high, with its walls fifteen feet 13 in certain places. The Tower was 14 by a wide ditch, a new stone wall, the old Roman wall, and the river. This was done to secure the 15 that this tower was a prison that no prisoner would escape 16 .
The Bishop(主教)of Durham was probably the Tower’s first distinguished 17 . He was very fat, greedy, and unpopular. He was dragged to the prison by his brother with his servants and bags of money. But the Bishop lived very 18 inside the Tower because he 19 bribe the guards with gold. One night in February, 1101, he gave a huge banquet with a lot of food and liquor. When he had gotten the guards very 20 , he pushed his bags through a window and slid down a rope to freedom.
1. A. though B. because C. while D. since
【解析】选B。根据上下文的语意判断，下文是上文的原因，所以用because。
2. A. chance B. wish C. intention D. promise
【解析】选D。从文章判断Edward曾“允诺”把王位传给William。
3. A. ended B. put C. held D. brought
【解析】选A。end up doing结果做了……；以做……而告终。
4. A. drove B. rode C. sailed D. flew
【解析】选C。根据“英吉利海峡”判断，动词要用sail。
5. A. conquered B. defended
C. served D. inspected
【解析】选A。William来英国的原因就是为了“征服”Harold。
6. A. elected B. crowned
C. chosen D. selected
【解析】选B。crown加冕, 由于当时不实行民主制，所以不需要选举。
7. A. handed B. got C. took D. came
【解析】选C。take over接替；接管。William当了国王。
8. A. shore B. piece C. beach D. bank
【解析】选D。the Thames River泰晤士河。bank指河岸；shore海岸；beach海滩。
9. A. suggested B. ordered
C. advised D. asked
【解析】选B。William当时是国王，不需要建议，需要下的是“命令”。
10. A. changed B. placed
C. built D. replaced
【解析】选D。replace代替，和前面的remove(移走)相呼应。
11. A. symbol B. signal C. mark D. sign
【解析】选A。William建伦敦塔，把它作为权力的“象征”。
12. A. started B. begun
C. completed D. designed
【解析】选C。从上文看已经开始建造伦敦塔了，所以此处应为“竣工”。
13. A. thick B. deep C. long D. high
【解析】选A。对应前面的“高度”。此处指城墙的“厚度”。
14. A. prevented B. protected
C. respected D. divided
【解析】选B。伦敦塔被一条很宽的壕沟“保护”着。divide指把一个整体分成若干份。
15. A. rule B. message
C. fact D. condition
【解析】选C。fact实情；事实，与后面的内容相一致。
16. A. through B. into C. across D. from
【解析】选D。表示“从……逃跑”用escape from. . . 。
17. A. guard B. police C. farmer D. prisoner
【解析】选D。从下文的He was dragged to the prison. . . 判断，他是“犯人”。
18. A. poorly B. badly C. well D. healthily
【解析】选C。根据下文的“他用金子贿赂看守”判断，他在那里生活得很“好”。
19. A. must B. could C. should D. might
【解析】选B。此处表示“能力”。
20. A. drunk B. happy C. excited D. asleep
【解析】选A。根据liquor(酒)看，此处应为把看守灌“醉”了以后。
