(共25张PPT)
Ⅰ. What do the following pictures stand for Fill in the following blanks according to what you think about them.
1. The first picture stands for(1) Police Alarm ; the second
picture stands for(2) Fire Alarm ; the third picture stands
for(3) Emergency Medical Service . When you or others are
in trouble, you can get help from them. But before the
helpers arrive, you should do something to help the injured,
which is called(4) first aid .
2. First aid is a(1) temporary (暂时的) form of help given to
someone who suddenly(2) falls ill (生病) or gets injured
before a doctor can be found. Often the illness or(3) injury
(伤害) is not serious, but there are other times when giving
first aid quickly can save lives.
Ⅱ. The text is divided into five parts. In which order are these topics covered Number them from 1 to 5.
____________ the three types of burns
____________ what to do if someone gets burned
____________ the functions of skin
____________ the characteristics of burns
____________ how we get burned
答案： 35142
Ⅲ. Scan the part of “First aid treatment” and fill in the chart.
Ⅳ. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer according to the passage.
1. What is the main idea of the text
A. The functions of the skin.
B. The characteristics of burns.
C. The burns and the first aid treatment.
D. How to carry out the first aid for burns.
2. The largest organ of your body is the _________.
A. brain B. mouth C. stomach D. skin
3. Which of the following is NOT the function of the skin according to the text
A. It protects you against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.
B. It helps the heart beat.
C. It can keep you warm or cool.
D. It prevents your body from losing water and gives the sense of touch.
4. If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and charred. Which type of the burns does it belong to
A. The first degree.
B. The second degree.
C. The third degree.
D. None of the above.
5. Which of the following is the proper first aid for first degree burns
A. Put some butter on the burned area if necessary.
B. Place cool cloths on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.
C. Get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
D. Place cool, clean, wet cloths on burns until the pain is not so bad.
Ⅴ. Fill in the blanks with the proper words in the text.
First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone
who suddenly falls ill or gets 1. injured before a doctor can be
found. In this passage，we have studied the first aid for
2. burns . The 3. skin is an essential part of your body. It
keeps you warm or cool. It 4. prevents your body from losing
too much water. You can get burned by hot 5. liquids ，
steam，fire，radiation and so on. There are three 6. types of
burns called first，second and third degree burns. When
someone gets burned，we will carry out first aid treatment
by different degrees. 7. Remove clothing from the burned
area unless it is stuck to the burn. 8. Cover the burned area
with a dry, clean 9. bandage that will not stick to the skin.
Then immediately take him or her to the 10. hospital .
If you see someone drowning, speed
is very important. Once you get him out
of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you
have four minutes before his brain is
completely destroyed. Support his neck,
lift his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn’t work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils(鼻孔) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a
deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, and then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey color, you can feel no pulse, then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don’t be too hard or you may break a rib. Check how effective you are by seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.
1. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. how to save people out of the water
B. how to give first aid to people who are drowning
C. how to do mouth-to-mouth breathing
D. how to save a child from a river
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章的结构可以看出：文章第一句话起引起下文的作用，全篇文章都是围绕如何快速救落水者这一主题展开的。而C、D两项只是文章提到的两个细节问题，A的内容指的是如何把落水者从水中救上来。
2. Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you must first ________
A. get him breathing again
B. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible
C. find someone to help you
D. call the First Aid Centre
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“. . . four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. . . This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing. . . start mouth-to-mouth breathing. ”可知答案。
3. In the last paragraph, the word“rescue” means _______.
A. breath B. help
C. doctor D. pulse
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由第一段最后一句话“Keep doing until help arrives. ”可猜测出词义。
4. If the drowning boy has no pulse, _________.
A. pressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing
B. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life
C. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work
D. pressing is the last chance of saving his life
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章第二段的最后一句话“If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey color, you can feel no pulse, then pressing is the last chance of saving his life. ”可知答案。
5．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.
B. If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.
C. Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.
D. When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第一段第二句话“Once you get him out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. ”可知A正确。(共78张PPT)
1. aid
First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. (P33)急救就是在找到医生之前给予突然生病或受伤的人的一种临时性的帮助。
A concert was given in aid of the flooded areas.
为了帮助洪涝灾区，举行了一次音乐会。
He is a warm-hearted man who has aided many poor people.
他是个已帮助了许多穷苦人的热心人。
The old man was walking along the road slowly with the aid of his stick. 那位老人拄着拐杖沿着街慢慢地走。
They aided us in solving/to solve the problem.
他们帮助我们解决了这个问题。
①aid作名词，意为： 帮助，援助，资助
②with the aid of. . . 在……的帮助下
③in aid of 为了帮助……
④aid作动词，意为： 帮助，援助，资助
⑤aid sb. in doing sth. 在……方面帮助某人
⑥aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist in sth. /doing sth. 帮助做某事
单句改错
①The family lived on government aids for two years.
______________________________________________
②We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.
______________________________________________
③We’ve aided him finish the work ahead of time.
______________________________________________
答案：①aids→aid ②on/under→with
③finish→to finish或in finishing
完成句子
④ With the aid of (在……的帮助下)our teachers, we have
made great progress in English. (aid)
⑤They collect money in aid of (为帮助……)the poor. (aid)
⑥We were greatly _________ in our investigation by the cooperation of the police.
A. exposed B. aided
C. submitted D. switched
【解析】选B。句意：通过与警察合作，我们在调查研究中得到了他们的大力帮助。expose使……暴露； aid帮助、援助，可构成短语“aid sb. in doing sth. ”； submit递交、呈递；switch开关、转换。
⑦The young nurse was very nervous when she _______ in the first operation.
A. resisted B. insisted
C. restricted D. assisted
【解析】选D。句意：这个年轻的护士首次帮忙做手术时非常紧张。resist抵抗，反抗；insist坚持；restrict限制、约束；assist帮助，以助手的地位去协助某人完成某事。
2. fall ill
You will fall ill if you lack sleep. 如果你缺乏睡眠，你会生病的。
fall ill意为：生病
fall down跌倒，滑倒 fall over摔倒，跌倒
fall behind落后 fall asleep睡着
fall off掉落 fall in love with爱上
Tom has been ill for one week. 汤姆已经病了一周了。
①As she the _______ newspaper, Granny _______ asleep.
A. read; was falling
B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read; fell
【解析】选B。由句意“在她读着报纸的时候，奶奶睡着了”可知答案为B。fall asleep是瞬间动词词组，不可以用进行时。
②—How long has your grandma __________
—About three months.
A. fallen ill B. been ill
C. fall ill D. be ill
【解析】选B。fall ill是非延续性的动词短语，因此不可与一段时间连用。
3. injury
Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. (P33)
通常这种病或伤害都不是太严重，但在一些其他情况下迅速给予急救就能挽救生命。
Smoking does an injury to his health. 吸烟的确对他的健康有害。
Don’t injure yourself with that tool.
不要让那工具伤害到你。
He got injured in a traffic accident. 他在一次交通事故中受了伤。
①injury 作名词，意为： 损伤，伤害
②do an injury to sb. 对某人造成伤害
③injure 作动词，意为： 损伤，伤害
④get injured 负伤，受伤
根据语境用所给词的适当形式填空。
①Some people were injured in an accident yesterday, and
the injury was serious. The people present took the injured
to the hospital nearby quickly. (injury)
②Don’t be so vain, or you will do a great injury _______ yourself sooner or later.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
【解析】选B。句意：不要那么自负，否则你迟早会给自己
带来伤害的。do an injury to sb. 意为“对某人造成伤害”。
③At the pub, Ryan removed his shirt and showed his old war ________ to us.
［2012宁波高二检测］
A. hurt B. wound C. injury D. damage
【解析】选B。考查词义辨析。hurt 与injury 都可指意外的伤害；damage指损失，损害；wound特指战场上的受伤，因此选B。
选词填空(injure/hurt/wound)
④Ten soldiers were killed and thirty seriously wounded .
⑤He was deeply hurt by her dishonesty.
⑥In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were
injured .
4. poison
You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease，poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. (P33)
皮肤有三层，像是屏障, 可以防病、防毒、抵御有害的太阳光线。
Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our cities.
汽车放出的废气在污染我们城市的空气。
①poison 作名词，意为：毒药，毒害
②poison 作动词，意为：毒害，使中毒
③She was bitten on the ankle by a poisonous snake. 她被一
条毒蛇咬中了脚踝。(poisonous 作形容词，意为：引起中毒
的，有毒的 )
④The person who is poisoned should be sent to the hospital
at once.
中毒的人应该马上被送往医院。(poisoned 作形容词，意
为：中毒的，中过毒的 )
用poison，poisonous，poisoned填空
①Some villagers are poisoned by eating this kind of white
poisonous mushrooms.
一些村民因为吃了这种白色的毒蘑菇而中毒。
②Small quantities of poison were detected in the dead man’s
stomach.
在死者胃中找到了少量的毒药。
③To avoid breathing in poisonous gas，they didn’t move
into the newly decorated house immediately.
为避免吸入有毒气体，他们没有立即搬到新装修的房子里。
④Selfishness is a __________ that is spreading through the society.
A. drug B. waste
C. poison D. threat
【解析】选C。句意：自私是正在社会蔓延的一种毒药。poison毒药；drug药；waste浪费；threat威胁。
5. squeeze out(P34)
She squeezed the water out of her swimming suit.
她把泳衣的水挤出来。
The room was crowded, but I managed to squeeze in.
房间已经挤满了人, 不过我还是设法挤了进去。
①squeeze out 意为：榨出，挤出
②squeeze sth. from/out of. . . 意为：从……挤(榨)出……
③squeeze in/into 意为：挤入
①Then wash it with clean water that is a little warm. Gently
squeeze out (挤出)the extra water.
②The train was full but I managed to squeeze in (挤进)
anyway.
③He was so fat that he could only just _______ the door.
A. squeeze of B. squeeze through
C. squeeze out D. squeeze onto
【解析】选B。句意：他太胖了，仅仅只能从门口挤过去。此题要结合语言环境，“从门里通过”，要用介词through。
④Time is like the water in the sponge. If you like，it can still be __________.
A. squeezed out B. picked out
C. left out D. wore out
【解析】选A。squeeze out挤出；pick out挑出；leave out空出，遗漏；wear out穿破，耗尽。句意：时间就像海绵里的水。只要愿挤，总还是有的。
6. in place
Hold the bandage in place with tape. (P35)用胶布把绷带固定好。
I wish everything could be in place .
我希望所有的东西都放在合适的地方。
I don’t think his advice in place .
我认为他的意见不正确。
in place意为：在适当的位置，适当
be in/out of order 有条理/无条理，坏了
be in/out of control 正常/失控
be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险
in place of. . . 代替，取代
take the place of=take one’s place 代替，取代
give place to 被……取代，让位于……
out of place 不在适当的位置，不合适
①What you said at the meeting was not quite ________. To many audiences, it was totally ________.
A. in the place; out of the place
B. in place; out of place
C. in the place; out of place
D. in place; out of the place
【解析】选B。句意：在会议上你所说的不是十分正确，对许多的观众来讲，那是完全不合适的。in place在适当的位置，适当；in/out of the place不是固定短语；out of place不在适当的位置，不合适。
②It’s a good habit to keep everything _______ in your study.
A. in the way B. in place
C. in hand D. in case
【解析】选B。考查短语辨析。句意：把书房里的所有物品都放在适当的位置是个好习惯。in the way阻碍，挡道；in place放在适当的位置；in hand在手头，在进行中；in case万一，如果。
7. pour
Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin. (P35)
山姆弄破了水泡，把从冰箱里拿出来的冰水倒在皮肤上。
The chimney was pouring out black smoke.
烟囱里冒出滚滚黑烟。
If you pour your heart and soul into what you do，you’re sure to be successful!
如果你能把全部身心都投入到你所做的事情中，你一定能成功！
It never rains but it pours.
不下则已，下则倾盆大雨。
①pour可作及物和不及物动词，意为：倒，灌，注，涌，
下大雨
②pour one’s heart and soul into sth. 意为：全神贯注于……
①In developing countries people are _____ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.
A. breaking B. filling
C. pouring D. hurrying
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。in great numbers表示数量大，含“蜂拥而入”之意，故C吻合，A、B、D三词都没有“大量”之意，故排除。
②—Look! How long ________ like this
—Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain ________ without stopping these days of the year.
A. has it rained; pours
B. has it been raining; pours
C. is it raining; is pouring
D. does it rain; pours
【解析】选B。结合pour考查时态。由how long判断问句需要用进行时态；由It’s usual here 及these days of the year判断答句用一般现在时。
8. You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals. (P34)
你可能由于不同的原因而灼伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、太阳、电或化学物品。
“get +p. p. ”结构中get已经失去了原来的意义，而接近be的功能。但同“be+ p. p. ”相比，它更强调动作的结果，体现动作性，含有被动意义，但不强调被动。
①She got badly injured in the accident.
她在这次事故中受了重伤。
②I know they are married, but I don’t know when they got married.
我知道他们结婚了，但是我不知道他们什么时候结的婚。
get burned烧伤/烫伤；get lost迷路；get hurt受伤；get lost迷路；get paid拿工资；get married结婚；get killed被杀死；get separated分散；get damaged遭到破坏；get drowned被淹死； get dressed穿衣服；get caught in陷入/遭到；get broken破碎了/断了
用所给词的正确形式完成句子
①Though the employees worked very hard, they often
couldn’t get paid on time. (pay)
②The couple got married last year. (marry)
③His reputation didn’t get damaged for his careless remark.
(damage)
④The glass of the window was broken by that naughty boy.
(break)
⑤When you get lost , you can judge the direction by the sun. (lose)
⑥Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _______ run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
【解析】选B。句意：穿过这条繁忙的街道时，务必要小心，否则你会被汽车轧着的。“get +及物动词的过去分词”是被动语态的一种表达形式，多用于口语中，常用来表示突然、偶然、意外发生的情况，而其余各项则不能构成被动语态。
1. cause
causes of burns (P34)烧伤的原因
His illness caused him to miss the game.
生病使得他错过了那场比赛。
The boy caused his teacher a lot of trouble.
男孩给他的老师带来了许多麻烦。
①cause作名词，意为：原因，起因
②cause 作动词，意为：导致，引起，成为……的原因
③cause sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
④cause sb. sth. = cause sth. to sb. 给某人带来……
用reason/cause/excuse填空
①The cause of the fire was carelessness.
②Tell us your reason for changing the plan.
③Too much work is no excuse for absence.
句子翻译
④Ice on the road was the cause of the accident.
路上结冰是造成车祸的原因。
⑤是什么引起了那次事故？What caused the accident
⑥After the meeting they carried out a research into the _______ of the damage to avoid a similar one.
A. ends B. results C. effects D. causes
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意：会议之后他们展开了对破坏起因的研究以避免类似的破坏。the cause of ……的起因/原因。
⑦The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _______ of global climate change.
［2011福建高考］
A. result B. cause
C. warning D. reflection
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。result 结果；cause 起因，原因；warning 警告；reflection 反映。句意：公众缺乏环保的好习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。
2. swell
First degree burns
dry，red and mildly swollen(P34)一度烧伤：干燥，发红，微肿
The heavy rain swelled the river. 大雨使河水上涨。
swell作动词，意为：(使)膨胀，隆起
过去式是：swelled ；过去分词是：swollen (作形容词时，
意为：肿胀的 )
翻译句子
①His knee began to swell after his fall.
他跌倒后膝盖肿了起来。
②Wood often swells when wet.
当受潮时，木头会膨胀。
③她的腿肿得很厉害。
Her leg has swollen badly.
3. over and over again
Many students may ask this question over and over again，especially those who are not good at English. 很多学生可能会反复地问这个问题，尤其是那些英语水平不高的学生。
over and over again意为：反复，多次
翻译句子
①She kissed her baby over and over again and then left.
她一遍又一遍地亲吻她的孩子然后离开了。
②If you fail again and again，please don’t give up. Success
will not be far.
如果你一次又一次地失败了，请不要放弃。成功就在前方不
远处。
③Time and again, however, hopes have turned out to be
failures.
然而，一次又一次，希望最终成为了失败。
What to do if a fire starts
Imagine it’s late at night. You hear
the smoke detectors go off. You smell
smoke when you wake up. Do you know
what to do
If a fire starts in your home, remember your escape plan and leave as quickly as possible. Keep the following things in mind to make a safe escape.
A
●Call “Fire! ” to warn everyone in your family.
●If you know where the fire is, close as many doors as possible between you and the fire.
●If you’re in bed, roll out of bed and onto the floor. Crawl on the floor next to a wall. Being near the ground makes it easier to breathe. If possible, cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth.
●Feel the entire surface of a door before you open it. If the door is warm or hot, do not open it. The fire is probably right outside your room. Find another way to leave the room. If the door is cool, open it a little.
●Look out and try to see the fire. If it is safe, leave the room. Remember to stay on the floor.
●If your clothes catch fire, stop immediately. Drop to the ground and roll. Remember：Stop, drop and roll.
●Call the fire department from outside and wait for help to arrive.
1．What is the first thing you should do if a fire starts in your home
A．Call the fire department.
B．Call“Fire! ”to warn your family members.
C．Collect your favorite belongings to save from the burning house.
D．Have a white sheet from a window to let the fire department know where to go.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章提到了七步火中逃生的措施，其中第一步即是把火情告知家人。而A项是从家里逃生之后才发生的。C、D两项没有在文章中涉及。
2．What should you do if a fire starts and you are in bed
A．Jump out of bed and run away.
B．Roll out of bed and stand on the floor.
C．Stay in bed and then jump out of the window.
D．Roll out of bed and onto the floor.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章的第三步逃生措施中的“If you’re in bed, roll out of bed and onto the floor. ”可知答案选D。
3．What is NOT true according to the passage
A．Never go back into a burning building.
B．If your clothes catch fire, stop moving immediately.
C．You should call the fire department before you leave the burning building.
D．Cover your mouth and nose with a wet cloth if possible.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由文章的最后一句话“Call the fire department from outside and wait for help to arrive. ”可知答案C本身是错误的。
In most towns today, you can see
teenagers standing over electronic
machines with flashing lights, shooting
at spaceships from other planets and dropping bombs on strange monsters(恶魔). The machines have names like Space Warrior, Dark Invader and so on. It used to be believed that damage was done only to those strange visitors from outer space, but now it seems that they are striking back.
B
Many teenagers like electronic games so much that they can’t stop playing. They spend hours tightly holding the joystick controls and constantly pressing buttons marked “fire”. They develop pains on their fingers because of the constant pressure. They play and play that the pains have no chance to cure properly. The rapid wrist movement required to guide the spaceship across the screen causes another problem: The muscles of the wrist and arm become so inflamed and swollen(充血红肿) that they press against the bones. This condition is what doctors now call “Space Warrior’s Wrist”.
Other strange aches and pains also are likely to affect the elbows and shoulders.
Another even more alarming problem is shown by the case of a 17-year-old girl which was recently reported in the British Medical Journal. She had been playing various kinds of electronic games for more than two hours a day. Her father repaired games and machines and she could use the cassettes and systems in his workshop as often as she liked. One day, after playing a game called Dark Invader, she lost consciousness(意识) and fell to the floor.
Doctors who examined her found she was suffering from an unusual illness caused by lights flashing at a particular frequency.
4. Electronic games are found very popular with ______.
A. people living in towns
B. students studying in high schools
C. girls working in their fathers’ workshops
D. young people
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据首段In most towns today, you can see teenagers standing. . . 可知答案选 D。
5. “Space Warrior’s Wrist” is caused by _______.
A. constantly pressing the buttons
B. rapidly moving across the screen
C. tightly holding the joystick controls
D. inflamed and swollen muscles of the wrist
【解析】选A。细节理解题。 根据第二段 They develop pains on their fingers because of the constant pressure. . . This condition is what doctors now call “Space Warrior’s Wrist”. 可知其根源是不停地按按钮，故选答案 A。
6. The case of a 17-year-old girl given by the writer shows that the writer _________.
A. supports playing electronic games
B. feels very sorry for the girl
C. disagrees with young people’s playing electronic games
D. feels worried about young people’s poor health
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据Another even more alarming problem is shown by the case of a 17-year-old girl which was recently reported in the British Medical Journal. 可知作者把这个情况称为更加令人惊恐的，显示了作者不赞同青少年玩电子游戏，故选 C。
7. From the passage we can conclude that playing electronic games is _______.
A. enjoyable and helpful to the study
B. exciting but harmful to the health and study
C. interesting but harmless to the eyes
D. amusing and satisfying
【解析】选B。推理判断题。阅读全文可知玩电子游戏的主要是正处于长身体和学习阶段的青少年，玩电子游戏富于刺激性，但是侵占了学习时间，还会得 “Space Warrior’s Wrist” 等病，损害了身体健康，故选答案 B。(共30张PPT)
省略是高考考纲要求掌握的内容之一，在日常阅读活动或口语表达中经常出现或使用，高考中也有考查。学习时应注意以下几点：一：注重对省略句的理解 二：重点掌握几种常考的省略现象，如不定式的省略、状语从句的省略等。
观察下列两组句子，注意其区别。
受压时变白
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则应把衣服脱掉。如果有必要，可以使用剪刀。
句①中when pressed是被省略的时间状语从句，补全后是
when it is pressed 。在时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句
的主语一致且从句的动词是be的某种形式时，从句中的主语
和be动词可以省略。
句②中if necessary是省略形式，补全后是 if it is necessary 。
if条件句中如果主语是it(主句的主语也是it时)，且又有系动
词is/was时，则可以省略 it is/was 。类似的结构还有：if
any (如果有)，if possible (如果可能的话)，if so (如果这样)，
if not (如果不是……的话)
Ⅰ. 简单句中的省略
在同一个句子或对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或作补足语的不定式再次出现时，不定式符号to后面的内容常常省略，只保留不定式符号to。
1. 在动词advise, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises
them not to ( enter the lab ).
2. 在“系动词(be)+形容词”结构中，即be afraid/ready/glad/happy/willing。
— Could you go shopping with me
— I’m glad to ( go shopping with you )(我乐意去). (glad)
3. 在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen
to等感观动词(组)及使役动词let, make, have 后的“宾语+动词
不定式作宾语补足语”的结构中，不定式符号to必须省略。
① I saw her leave just now.
我看见她离开了。
②The children were made to work more than 16 hours a
day.
这些孩子们每天被强迫工作超过16个小时。
Ⅱ. 复合句中的省略
1. 状语从句中的省略
(1)在when，while，if， as if，though/although，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词(组)连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。
When ( I am ) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.
我困难时总是找她帮忙。
(2)在“when (if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast as，than等)+possible/necessary/important等”结构中，可理解为中间省略了it is(或was)。
When ( it is ) necessary, you can help us to do something.
必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。
(3)so代替肯定的句子，而not代替否定的句子。
He may not be at home, if so ( he is not at home ), leave him a note.
他可能不在家，如果那样的话，给他留个便条。
2. 定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same. . . as和such. . . as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；在the way, the direction等表示方式、方法或方向的词或词组后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which。
①He is not the boy ( that / who ) he was.
他不再是以前的他了。
②I don’t like such books as these ( are ).
我不喜欢这种书。
③I don’t like the way ( in which ) he speaks to his mother.
我不喜欢他对母亲说话的方式。
(2)定语从句中的“主语+系动词”可以省略。
The goods ( which were ) ordered last month haven’t arrived yet.
上个月订的货还没到。
(3)先行词是time, reason, place等时，作状语的关系副词when, why, where也可以省略。
This is the first time ( when ) he had trouble with his boss.
这是他第一次和老板闹得不愉快。
3. 宾语从句中的省略
(1)在know, think, consider, find, explain等动词后跟宾语从
句时，连词that可以省略，若有多个宾语从句时，只有第一
个that可以省略。
The manager explained (that) the task was difficult and that
the weather was bad.
经理说任务艰巨而且天气糟糕。
(2)由which, when, where, how等引导的宾语从句，后部分
可全部省略。
He will come back, but we don’t know when ( he will come
back ).
他会回来的，可是我们不知道他什么时候回来。
1. 句型转换(把下列句子变成省略句)
①Mr. Li picked up a coin in the road and Mr. Li handed it
to the police.
→ Mr. Li picked up a coin in the road and handed it to the
police .
②To some life is pleasure, and to others life is suffering.
→ To some life is pleasure , and to others suffering .
③Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have
been doing her homework.
→ Jack must have been playing football and Mary doing her
homework .
④Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won’t sing at
the party.
→ Jack will sing at the party , but I know John won’t .
2. 单项填空
①—Hello, may I speak to Bill, please
— ________.
A. Bill speaking B. That’s Bill
C. Speaking to Bill D. I’m speaking
【解析】选A。这是一个电话用语的省略形式，其对应的完整句是：This is Bill speaking. 。
②—Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don’t you forget it!
—OK, I ________.
A. won’t B. don’t C. will D. do
【解析】选A。对于祈使句，省略回答中常用I will表示“乐于去做某事”；用I won’t表示“将不会发生某事”。
③ _________ a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.
［2011辽宁高考］
A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether
【解析】选B。考查感叹句。句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“What +a/an+adj. +n．+it is/was”的省略结构。
④When you have some difficulty _______ the problem, you can turn to me for help.
A. to solve B. solving
C. solved D. solve
【解析】选B。考查固定句型have difficulty (in) doing sth。在本结构中，介词in可以省略。句意：当你在解决这个问题遇到困难的时候，你可以向我求助。
⑤_________ with his room, mine is not big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
【解析】选D。当表示“与……进行比较时”，用compared with结构。
⑥In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.
A. that used to be B. it is used to
C. it was used to D. it used to be
【解析】选D。考查不定式的省略。表示 “过去常常……”用used to do. . . , 并且本题中动词原形be不能省略。
⑦—What’s the matter with Della
—Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still______.
A. hopes to B. hopes so
C. hopes not D. hopes for
【解析】选A。固定搭配hope to do sth. 在用不定式作简略回答时, 常常将不定式to之后的内容省略。
⑧ __________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
［2011天津高考］
A. Translating B. Translated
C. To translate D. Having translated
【解析】选B。结合省略考查非谓语动词。句意: 翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。空格补全后是When the sentence was translated，因此空格处需要用过去分词。
⑨The island, _________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
［2011全国卷Ⅱ］
A. joining B. to join
C. joined D. having joined
【解析】选C。结合非谓语动词考查省略。句意：这个岛由一座桥和大陆连接着，很容易去的。island和join之间是被动关系，故需用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge是定语从句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge的省略。
⑩—Which would you like, chicken or fish
— ___________
A. I don’t think so. B. What if
C. Both. D. Neither can I.
【解析】选C。由题意知C项可以恢复为：I’d like them both / both of them。
—Who should be responsible for the accident
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ___________.
A. as told B. as are told
C. as telling D. as they told
【解析】选A。此题考查状语从句的省略as told=as they were told, 此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致, 且谓语动词含有be时, 可将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动关系, 排除C、D。
—My school is very beautiful.
— _________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine does
【解析】选A。当两者情况或意思完全相同时，答句由so引出，出现省略现象，同时还要注意需用倒装结构，表示“也……”。So is mine. 相当于My school is very beautiful, too. 。
—I think you look very nice in the red dress.
—_______________.
A. Oh, no, not nice at all
B. Glad you think so
C. Don’t like red
D. You are kind, indeed
【解析】选B。由语境知，答句对应的完整句为I am glad that you think I look very nice in the red dress. 。
It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
［2011江苏高考］
A. Otherwise B. If not
C. But for that D. If so
【解析】选D。考查省略和替代。句意：听起来车的引擎好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。otherwise否则，要不然；if not如果不这样的话；but for that若不是因为……；if so若是这样。(共68张PPT)
1. a number of
He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, . . . (P38)
A large/great number of people were present.
①a number of 意为：许多，大量 ，后接可数名词的 复数 形
式，作主语时，谓语动词用 复数 形式。
He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes.
The number of tigers has reduced abruptly in the last fifty
years.
②the number of 意为：……的数量 ，后接可数名词的 复数
形式，作主语时，谓语动词用 单数 形式。
A number of students handed in their exercise books. To be exactly, the number of them was fifty-five.
许多学生交上了作业，准确地说，交作业的学生的数量是55个。
① ___________ visitors to the UK were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the British people were.
A. The number of
B．A number of
C．Numbers of
D．Any numbers of
【解析】选B。考查a number of和 the number of的区别。句意：很多去英国的游客被记者问到，他们对英国人的印象。the number of修饰名词复数作主语，谓语动词用单数；a number of修饰名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数。结合语境及题干中的谓语were可知，要用a number of。
②The number of college graduates in a country ________ its cultural standard.
A. reflects B. reflecting
C. reflect D. are reflecting
【解析】选A。the number of“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。句意：一个国家大学毕业生的数量反映出它的文化水准。
2. treat
John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. (P38)
约翰用这些东西来处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。
My mother treated my advice as a joke.
母亲把我的建议当作笑话看待。
They treat their children very badly. 他们对待子女很不好。
A wild duck shouldn’t be cooked as a treat.
煮野鸭来款待是不被允许的。
She treated him to lunch. 她请他吃午饭。
①treat 作动词，意为：治疗，对待，款待
②treat. . . as. . . 把……当作……来看待
③treat sb. /sth. badly意为：对待某人/物很差劲 ；反义词组
为 treat sb. /sth. well
④treat sb. /oneself to sth. 意为：招待，款待，请客
⑤treat 作名词，意为：款待，招待
①—It is a pity that you have ________ from the company. After all, it is a well-paid job.
—There is nothing serious. I don’t like the way they _______ me.
A. left; think B. retired; regard
C. resigned; treat D. designed; behave
【解析】选C。句意：——你从那家公司辞了职，太遗憾了。毕竟，那是一份待遇优厚的工作。——没什么，我不喜欢他们对待我的方式。resign辞职；treat对待。符合语境，故选C。
②The medicine will ________ him of his cough.
A. recover B. cure
C. treat D. heal
【解析】选B。句意：这种药可以治愈他的咳嗽。cure sb. of sth. 为固定短语“治愈某人的疾病”。A表示“康复”；C表示“治疗(过程)”；D表示“(伤口)愈合”。
3. apply
He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. (P38)
在警察和救护车到达之前，他对伤口施加压力，以减少流血。
In this way we can better apply theory to practice.
这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
Apply the cream to your face and neck.
把乳霜抹到你的脸和脖子上。
The rule doesn’t apply in all cases.
此规则并非适用于所有的情况。
I specially came here to apply for the position you advertised in the newspaper.
我专门到这里来是为了申请你们在报纸上做广告的那个职位。
He applied himself to his new duties with great energy.
他以极大的热情投入到新的工作中去。
①apply 作及物动词，意为： 涂，敷；运用
②apply 作不及物动词，意为： 申请；应用；有效
③apply. . . to. . . 把……涂到……， 把……运用于……
④apply oneself to 专心致力于，专心从事
⑤apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物
⑥apply for 申请
①Scientific research results can now be quickly _______ to factory production.
A. used B. applied
C. tried D. practiced
【解析】选B。考查动词(短语)辨析。be used to习惯于；apply sth. to把……运用于。根据句子意思“如今科研结果能够很快被应用于工厂生产”，可知应选择B项。
②If you _________ yourself to the textbook, you’ll find the question is no more difficult.
A. apply B. absorb
C. interest D. appeal
【解析】选A。apply oneself to表示“专心于”。句意：如果你能专心于课本，你就会发现那个问题不再难了。be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于；be interested in对……感兴趣；appeal呼吁，恳求。
③When __________ a job, you should highlight your experience and skills.
［2012南京高二检测］
A. applying to B. applied to
C. applying for D. applied for
【解析】选C。句意：当你申请工作时，应当强调你的经验和技术。根据apply to sb. for sth. 结构，此处应选apply for。由于主语you与状语apply为主动关系，故状语选用现在分词。
4. make a difference
It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. (P38)
这说明了急救知识的确能够发挥重要的作用。
If you want to master a foreign language, you must make a difference between the similar words.
如果你想精通一门外语，你应该对相似的词区别对待。
①make a difference 意为：有影响，起作用，区别对待
The flowers you brought here really make some difference to this room.
你带来的这些花的确使这个房间有所不同。
It makes no difference if you are late for my party; I just want you to come. 你晚一点来参加我的晚会没有丝毫关系；只要你来就行了。
②make some difference to意为：对……有些影响
③make no difference 意为：没有关系或影响
①I know I can’t change the world completely, but I’m proud that I can help people here and there, and ______ to people’s life on an individual level.
A. make a difference B. have a difference
C. make history D. make differences
【解析】选A。句意：我知道我不能改变整个世界，但我很骄傲的是可以到处帮助人，在个人层面上对人民的生活起一定作用。make a difference起作用，有影响。
②—Why don’t you try to do exercise to lose weight
—I have tried everything but it has made no _______.
A. use B. result
C. conclusion D. difference
【解析】选D。句意：——你为什么不试图做运动来减肥？——我已经尝试了各种方式，但是没起作用。make no difference没有影响，没起作用。
5. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
(P38)
(那天)约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
主语+ be doing sth. + when. . . 意为“……正在做某事，这
(那)时突然……”，when在此是并列连词，意为“ 就在这/那
时 ”，相当于and at this/that time。
They were having classes when the earthquake happened.
他们正在上课，那时地震突然发生了。
对于when用作并列连词，表示“就在这/那时”的用法，你还能想出其他的类似结构吗？
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
【知识链接】
when表示“就在这/那时”时，常用于主句之后，主句中的谓语动词往往表示正在做、刚刚做完或将要做的动作。其常用的句式结构还有：
be about to. . . when. . . 刚要做……突然……
be on the point of. . . when. . . 刚要做……突然……
had done. . . when. . . 刚刚做完……突然就……
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去，这时电话铃响了。
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother came home.
小孩刚要哭，这时她妈妈回家了。
The students had just begun their lessons when Miss Wang had a sudden headache.
学生们刚开始上课，这时王老师突然觉得头疼。
①The truth, Sir, is that the old man ________ across the street when my car hit him.
A. was to walk B. had been walking
C. walked D. was walking
【解析】选D。考查固定句式。表语从句中的主句用进行时态，从句由when引导，构成“主语+ be doing sth. + when. . . ”结构，意为“……正在做某事，这(那)时突然……”。
②I _______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _______.
A. went; was occurring
B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred
D. was about to go; had occurred
【解析】选C。考查固定句式。句意：当我正在沿街找地方停车时，事故发生了。be doing. . . when. . . 当……时，突然……。
③我们就要放弃的时候，英语老师鼓励我们坚持下
去。
We were on the point of giving up when our English teacher
encouraged us to go on.
④I had worked a couple of months _____ I had a letter from
mother.
A. when B. as C. while D. after
【解析】选A。考查固定句式。句意：我刚刚工作了两个月
就收到了母亲的来信。had been doing. . . when. . . 刚做
了……这时……。
6. It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that
saved Ms Slade’s life. (P38)
正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
此处为强调结构，即“ It is/was. . . that. . . ”, 在is/was之后强
调主语、宾语、状语，此处被强调的是句子的 主语 。
It is the functions of the machine that attract my attention.
是这台机器的功能吸引了我的注意力。
Was it the cat that broke the glass
就是这只猫打碎了玻璃吗？
What is it that you hold in your hand
你手里拿的到底是什么呢？
①强调句的一般疑问句式是：Was/Is it. . . that. . . ？
②强调句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问词+强调句的一般
疑问句式
①It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _______ benefits our work most.
［2011陕西高考］
A. who B. which C. that D. what
【解析】选C。考查强调句。强调句型: It is/was +被强调部分+that+句子的其他部分，故选C。
②It’s not what we do once in a while _________ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.
［2011湖南高考］
A. which B. that C. how D. when
【解析】选B。考查强调句型，强调主语。故选B。句子意思：塑造我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们坚持做的事情。
③Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down
［2011四川高考］
A. where B. that C. which D. what
【解析】选B。考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子其他成分？句意：“小船下沉一个月后，他是在一个孤岛上被营救的吗？”
1. firmly
Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area, when a bandage is necessary. (P37)
当有必要用绷带时，将绷带紧紧地包扎在烫伤的地方。
The judge made up his mind to deal with that case firmly.
该法官下定了决心坚决处理那个案件。
①firmly 作副词，意为：牢固地，稳定地；坚决地
(结合例句写出相应单词的含义)
②The runner has firm muscles. (firm adj. 结实的 )
③This wet ground is not firm enough to walk on. (firm adj.
牢固的 )
④The firm has agreed to give me a two weeks’ holiday.
(firm n. 公司 )
①The fence posts were fixed firmly (稳固地固定) in the
ground.
②The ladder felt firm (感觉很稳固).
③After signing the contract, the two sides had a _______ handshake with each other.
［2012武汉高二检测］
A. firm B. vivid C. clumsy D. grand
【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意：签订完合同之后，双方的手紧紧地(firm)握在了一起。vivid鲜明的，生动的；clumsy笨拙的；grand壮丽的。
④Keep your eyes _______ fixed on the road ahead and we will be much safer.
A. mildly B. vitally
C. firmly D. essentially
【解析】选C。句意：你的眼睛要紧紧地盯着前面的路，我们就可以更安全一些。fix one’s eyes firmly on sth. 固定搭配，意为“眼睛紧紧盯着……”。
2. put one’s hands on
. . . but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. (P38)
……当他们都没有找到绷带时，他的父亲从家里拿来了一些茶盘布和胶布。
I can’t put my hands on anything valuable.
我找不到任何有价值的东西。
put one’s hands on为及物动词短语，意为：找到
You’d better give her a hand when she is in trouble.
Please hand your homework in at once.
Soon school will end and the vacation will be at hand.
On one hand, many children prefer to stay with their
mothers; on the other hand, many women have to choose
to go out to work.
①give/lend sb. a hand 帮忙，支持一下
②hand in 交上，交上来
③at hand 接近的，不远的，需马上处理的
④on one hand. . . on the other hand 一方面……另一方
面……
①If I put my hands on (找到) that boy, I’m sure he will be
sorry. (put)
②It’s most upset that you can’t put your hands on (找到)it
when you badly need something. (hand)
③ On one hand (一方面)I want to sell the house, but on the
other hand (另一方面)I can’t bear the thought of moving.
(hand)
④To build a factory is beneficial to the local people, but ________, it will be not environmentally friendly.
［2012哈尔滨高二检测］
A. in other words B. on the other hand
C. as a consequence D. on the average
【解析】选B。句意：建个工厂对当地人是有好处的，但另一方面(on the other hand)，不利于环保。in other words换句话说；as a consequence因而，结果；on the average平均，一般来说。
3. There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first
aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. (P38)
毫无疑问，约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术挽救了
斯莱德女士的生命。
(1)There is no doubt that. . . 是固定句式，意思是：毫无疑
问……，that引导的是 同位语 从句，用来解释其含义。
(2)本句式用于肯定结构中，同位语从句的连词用whether
(不能用if)。
本句式用于否定结构中，同位语从句的连词用that。
①There is no doubt that our plan will be permitted.
毫无疑问我们的计划会得到许可。
②There is some doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
对于他是否适合这个工作还有些疑问。
①There is no doubt _______ man will get along well with nature some day.
A. that B. why
C. which D. whether
【解析】选A。There is no doubt that. . . 为固定句式。表示“没有什么疑问”。
②—Do you doubt ______ she has passed the exams
—I’m not doubtful at all ______ she has passed all the exams.
A. that; whether B. that; that
C. whether; that D. whether; whether
【解析】选B。考查doubt的用法。doubt作动词时，在否定句及疑问句中后接that引导的宾语从句；若用在肯定句中，后用whether或if引导；doubtful的此种用法与doubt一致。
It was a cold winter’s afternoon.
Robert stopped for a moment as he
crossed the bridge and looked down
at the river below. There were hardly any 1 on the river. Near the bridge, however, almost direct below, 2 was a small canoe, with a boy in it. He was 3 wearing many clothes. Robert 4 he shivered and walked on.
5 he heard a cry. “Help! Help! ” The cry came from the river. Robert looked down. The boy was 6 the water and his canoe was 7 away. “Help! Help! ” he called again.
Robert was a good 8 . Taking off his clothes, he jumped into the river. The 9 water made him tremble all over, but in a few seconds he reached the 10 “Don’t be afraid, ” he said and started to swim towards the river bank, 11 the boy with him. But at that 12 he noticed a large motor boat under the bridge. There were several people on the boat, all 13 in his direction. Robert 14 to swim towards the boat.
“Give me a hand, ” he shouted 15 he got near the boat. He got up into a row of faces. “It’s funny, ” he thought. “They look so 16 . ” Silently they helped the boy into the boat and 17 him in a blanket. But they did not move to 18 Robert.
“Aren’t you going to pull me 19 too ” Robert asked.
“You! ” said one of the man, Robert noticed that he was standing next to a large 20 . “You! Why we were making a film and you spoiled a whole afternoon’s work. You can stay in the water! ”
1. A. fish B. boats C. waves D. sound
【解析】选B。根据上文的叙述，在寒冷的冬日，河面上几乎没有船。
2. A. there B. it C. where D. that
【解析】选A。这是there be句型的应用。
3. A. then B. also C. only D. not
【解析】选D。从下文中的shivered一词可得到提示，“他穿的衣服不多。”
4. A. noticed B. saw C. guessed D. said
【解析】选A。Robert注意到河面上的一切。
5. A. Till then B. Just then
C. Far away D. From there
【解析】选B。该句可以理解为Robert was walking on when he heard a cry, 四个选项中只有B符合句意。
6. A. on B. within C. in D. under
【解析】选C。该题考查考生对介词用法的掌握。此处表示小男孩在水里挣扎，这就是说不可能在水下。人在水下是不可能喊的。故under不符合文意。A和B项也不符合文意。
7. A. running B. floating
C. flowing D. pulling
【解析】选B。float：move on the surface of liquid 即漂动，漂浮。flow：move along as a river does即流动。此处意思为他的小舟漂走了，所以选B。
8. A. swimmer B. guard C. soldier D. player
【解析】选A。从下文的意思可推断出Robert是一个good swimmer。他救了那个小男孩。
9. A. deep B. cool C. dirty D. cold
【解析】选D。因为前文交代了时间是a cold winter’s afternoon，所以只有cold water才能使他tremble all over。
10. A. canoe B. bank C. boy D. bridge
【解析】选C。因为罗伯特要救的是人而不是桥、船等。所以C是正确答案。
11. A. pushing B. dragging
C. holding D. catching
【解析】选B。这里需要考生有点水里救人的常识。
12. A. place B. period C. second D. moment
【解析】选D。at that moment意思是此时此刻。
13. A. seeing B. smiling C. looking D. shouting
【解析】选C。根据下文意思，此处是说所有的人都朝着他这个方向看。see是及物动词, 故不可选A。
14. A. decided B. went
C. agreed D. promised
【解析】选A。该句意思是：罗伯特决定往汽艇游去。
15. A. while B. till C. for D. as
【解析】选D。这里的as相当于when。该句意思为：他一边喊，一边就游到了这艘汽艇旁边。
16. A. nervous B. afraid
C. excited D. angry
【解析】选D。根据下文可知, 他们因为Robert毁了他们的正常工作而使他们生气。
17. A. wrapped B. left
C. placed D. threw
【解析】选A。wrap sb. in a blanket或 wrap a blanket around sb. 是习惯用法。
18. A. save B. thank C. wrap D. help
【解析】选D。由前句中的Silently they helped the boy into the boat and. . . 可以推测D为最佳答案。因为罗伯特擅长游泳，所以A不符文意。
19. A. on B. out C. away D. off
【解析】选B。因为上文中提到他们没帮Robert, 因此Robert问：“怎么不把我拉上船 ”
20. A. boat B. blanket C. camera D. screen
【解析】选C。真相终于大白，原来他们正在拍电影(camera)，罗伯特将他们整个下午的劳动成果全毁掉了。
