2022届高考英语二轮复习：概要写作精选练习42（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：概要写作精选练习42（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-04 10:47:01 | ||
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概要写作（Summary writing）
概要写作。阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Exercise 42
Criticism can be difficult to accept, and we are often quick to respond in negative ways. The first mistake we can make is to become angry. We should always control our tempers when we are criticized. And we should avoid being defensive and arguing over our weaknesses. Besides we should avoid going on the attack. Many people turn the criticism back toward the one doing the criticizing, and this can create a personal battle. It is also a mistake to accept criticism in silence or by pouting. No one enjoys being around us when we respond in that immature way. Instead, we should meet criticism with openness and maturity, with reasonableness rather than with negative emotions. Our response isn't determined by who speaks or whether the criticism is valid. Many unhappy results come to us when we don't know how to deal with criticism. We suffer loss and we lose valuable opportunities. Those who can't accept criticism miss out on love, because unconditional love must speak the truth. Defensive people isolate themselves and miss out on the wonderful love they need. We must alsp learn how to offer criticism with a gentle spirit. Being abusive can damage other people, particularly young, people. Giving and receiving criticism lovingly makes a big difference in life. When someone offers a critical word, we should listen attentively and carefully, looking that person in the eye. We should keep silent while the critic is speaking. We should keep an open and teachable spirit rather than being defensive or going on the attack. Then, after the critic has spoken, we should always thank him for his words and promise to consider them. The criticism, of course, may not be valid. But if we feel that it was, then we should ask for forgiveness, and we may even thank them for the opportunity to improve our life.
一、 试题详解
.核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。第一段表明作者的观点：批评难以被人们接受，我们往往快速地对批评做出消极的反应。错误反应一：受到批评时我们会生气。第二段描述错误反应二:受到批评时我们会沉默或板着脸不高兴。第三段说明了对批评做出消极反应产生的不良后果即失去爱或失去珍贵的机会。第四段说明我们应该如何用爱的方式来给予和接受批评。
.写作思路
（1） 明晰文章结构，概括段落大意。这篇文章是议论文，可以抓住提出问题、分析问题、解决问题这一思路。该文第一段的关键表达是“difficult to accept”和“respond in negative ways”。提出问题：人们难以接受批评。第一、二、三段具体分析问题，第一段告诉我们受到批评生气时，我们应该如何处理，关键信息是"The first mistake is to become angry”；第二段告诉我们以沉默或板着脸的方式接受批评时会有什么后果，我们应该怎么做，关键信息是“It is also a mistake to accept criticism in silence or by pouting”。第三段说明了对批评做出消极反应产生的不良后果，该段的关键表达是"unhappy results”。 第四段作者提出了问题的解决方案，说明我们应该如何用爱的方式来给予和接受批评，关键词是“we should" 。
（2） 确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。首先根据文章的体裁、结构和大意确定文章的要点，然后根据文章要点中的关键词思考要点的表达。要点的概括需要理清语句之间的关系，然后进行筛选与整合。这篇文章中第一段总共六句话，第一句是总起句，说明存在的问题即我们快速地对批评做出消极的反应，剩余句子和第二段则具体地说明消极反应的方式，提示语为“the first mistake”和“it is also a mistake”， 通过两个方面来证实"criticism can be difficult to accept"这一现象。第一段第一句可以整合成要点1 "Criticism can be difficult to accept, and we are often quick to respond in negative ways. ”，第一段的剩余句子根据内容可确定要点2 “got angry”，第二段可以整合成要点3 "in silence or by pouting",第三段分析对批评做出消极反应产生的不良后果，可以整合成要点4 "Many unhappy results come to us when we don’t know how to deal with criticism.”。第三段最后一句话起到了承上启下的作用，它是第四段的 中心句，根据中心句结合第四段的内容可以整合要点5 "Giving and receiving criticism lovingly makes a big difference in life.”。灵活表达要求避免使用与原文相同的表达，可以使用多种语义转换的方法。
参考范文
We feel it hard to accept criticism and often react to it quickly in wrong ways.（要点1） Some may lose our tempers when being criticized.（要点2） Some may keep silent or show a sign of annoyance. （要点3） If we don't cope with criticism properly, as a result we may bear disastrous consequences.（要点4）Offering and accepting criticism willingly has great effects on our life.（要点5）
范文解析
范文要点1抓住原文的中心，使用了语义转化的手段提出文章的中心问题。要点2、要点3是通过细节支撑从两方面分析问题，要点4从由问题引发的后果的角度进一步分析问题。要点5是对解决问题方法的概括。
四、 提炼归纳
.语义转换
本范文中我们将“criticism can be difficult to accept”表达为“We feel it hard to accept criticism”。 将“respond in negative ways”表达为“react to it quickly in wrong ways”。将“become angry”表达为“lose our tempers”。将“in silence or by pouting”表达为“keep silent or show a sign of annoyance”。将 "Many unhappy results come to us when we don't know how to deal with criticism."表达为"If we don't cope with criticism properly, as a result we may bear disastrous consequences.”。将“Giving and receiving criticism lovingly makes a big difference in life.”表达为“Offering and accepting criticism willingly has great effects on our life.”。
.信息概括
根据议论文的写作特点，通过信息概括来提炼要点是概要写作的有效途径。概括后的信息内容及逻辑关系应该与原文一致。本题给出的原文结构清晰，四个段落之间的逻辑关系非常明确，段落内部中心和支撑细节也一目了然。所以可在了解整篇文章的脉络和大意、按顺序概括每一段主题的基础上提 炼写作要点，然后对要点进行整合。如原文第一段第一句提出全文的中心问题，而第一、二段是支撑细节对问题的具体分析，他们之间是平行关系，所以由第一、二段概括提炼出要点2和要点3。第三段描述中心问题引发的后果，可概括提炼岀要点4。第三段最后一句话是第四段的中心句，结合第四段的内容可以整合为要点5。概括有助于表达最精华的东西，而又不失其完整性。概括后句子之间的逻辑关系与原文段落之间的逻辑关系相互吻合。
概要写作。阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Exercise 42
Criticism can be difficult to accept, and we are often quick to respond in negative ways. The first mistake we can make is to become angry. We should always control our tempers when we are criticized. And we should avoid being defensive and arguing over our weaknesses. Besides we should avoid going on the attack. Many people turn the criticism back toward the one doing the criticizing, and this can create a personal battle. It is also a mistake to accept criticism in silence or by pouting. No one enjoys being around us when we respond in that immature way. Instead, we should meet criticism with openness and maturity, with reasonableness rather than with negative emotions. Our response isn't determined by who speaks or whether the criticism is valid. Many unhappy results come to us when we don't know how to deal with criticism. We suffer loss and we lose valuable opportunities. Those who can't accept criticism miss out on love, because unconditional love must speak the truth. Defensive people isolate themselves and miss out on the wonderful love they need. We must alsp learn how to offer criticism with a gentle spirit. Being abusive can damage other people, particularly young, people. Giving and receiving criticism lovingly makes a big difference in life. When someone offers a critical word, we should listen attentively and carefully, looking that person in the eye. We should keep silent while the critic is speaking. We should keep an open and teachable spirit rather than being defensive or going on the attack. Then, after the critic has spoken, we should always thank him for his words and promise to consider them. The criticism, of course, may not be valid. But if we feel that it was, then we should ask for forgiveness, and we may even thank them for the opportunity to improve our life.
一、 试题详解
.核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。第一段表明作者的观点：批评难以被人们接受，我们往往快速地对批评做出消极的反应。错误反应一：受到批评时我们会生气。第二段描述错误反应二:受到批评时我们会沉默或板着脸不高兴。第三段说明了对批评做出消极反应产生的不良后果即失去爱或失去珍贵的机会。第四段说明我们应该如何用爱的方式来给予和接受批评。
.写作思路
（1） 明晰文章结构，概括段落大意。这篇文章是议论文，可以抓住提出问题、分析问题、解决问题这一思路。该文第一段的关键表达是“difficult to accept”和“respond in negative ways”。提出问题：人们难以接受批评。第一、二、三段具体分析问题，第一段告诉我们受到批评生气时，我们应该如何处理，关键信息是"The first mistake is to become angry”；第二段告诉我们以沉默或板着脸的方式接受批评时会有什么后果，我们应该怎么做，关键信息是“It is also a mistake to accept criticism in silence or by pouting”。第三段说明了对批评做出消极反应产生的不良后果，该段的关键表达是"unhappy results”。 第四段作者提出了问题的解决方案，说明我们应该如何用爱的方式来给予和接受批评，关键词是“we should" 。
（2） 确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。首先根据文章的体裁、结构和大意确定文章的要点，然后根据文章要点中的关键词思考要点的表达。要点的概括需要理清语句之间的关系，然后进行筛选与整合。这篇文章中第一段总共六句话，第一句是总起句，说明存在的问题即我们快速地对批评做出消极的反应，剩余句子和第二段则具体地说明消极反应的方式，提示语为“the first mistake”和“it is also a mistake”， 通过两个方面来证实"criticism can be difficult to accept"这一现象。第一段第一句可以整合成要点1 "Criticism can be difficult to accept, and we are often quick to respond in negative ways. ”，第一段的剩余句子根据内容可确定要点2 “got angry”，第二段可以整合成要点3 "in silence or by pouting",第三段分析对批评做出消极反应产生的不良后果，可以整合成要点4 "Many unhappy results come to us when we don’t know how to deal with criticism.”。第三段最后一句话起到了承上启下的作用，它是第四段的 中心句，根据中心句结合第四段的内容可以整合要点5 "Giving and receiving criticism lovingly makes a big difference in life.”。灵活表达要求避免使用与原文相同的表达，可以使用多种语义转换的方法。
参考范文
We feel it hard to accept criticism and often react to it quickly in wrong ways.（要点1） Some may lose our tempers when being criticized.（要点2） Some may keep silent or show a sign of annoyance. （要点3） If we don't cope with criticism properly, as a result we may bear disastrous consequences.（要点4）Offering and accepting criticism willingly has great effects on our life.（要点5）
范文解析
范文要点1抓住原文的中心，使用了语义转化的手段提出文章的中心问题。要点2、要点3是通过细节支撑从两方面分析问题，要点4从由问题引发的后果的角度进一步分析问题。要点5是对解决问题方法的概括。
四、 提炼归纳
.语义转换
本范文中我们将“criticism can be difficult to accept”表达为“We feel it hard to accept criticism”。 将“respond in negative ways”表达为“react to it quickly in wrong ways”。将“become angry”表达为“lose our tempers”。将“in silence or by pouting”表达为“keep silent or show a sign of annoyance”。将 "Many unhappy results come to us when we don't know how to deal with criticism."表达为"If we don't cope with criticism properly, as a result we may bear disastrous consequences.”。将“Giving and receiving criticism lovingly makes a big difference in life.”表达为“Offering and accepting criticism willingly has great effects on our life.”。
.信息概括
根据议论文的写作特点，通过信息概括来提炼要点是概要写作的有效途径。概括后的信息内容及逻辑关系应该与原文一致。本题给出的原文结构清晰，四个段落之间的逻辑关系非常明确，段落内部中心和支撑细节也一目了然。所以可在了解整篇文章的脉络和大意、按顺序概括每一段主题的基础上提 炼写作要点，然后对要点进行整合。如原文第一段第一句提出全文的中心问题，而第一、二段是支撑细节对问题的具体分析，他们之间是平行关系，所以由第一、二段概括提炼出要点2和要点3。第三段描述中心问题引发的后果，可概括提炼岀要点4。第三段最后一句话是第四段的中心句，结合第四段的内容可以整合为要点5。概括有助于表达最精华的东西，而又不失其完整性。概括后句子之间的逻辑关系与原文段落之间的逻辑关系相互吻合。