2022届高考英语二轮复习：概要写作精选练习8（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：概要写作精选练习8（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-04 10:47:35 | ||
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概要写作（Summary writing）
概要写作。阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Exercise 8
Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley It's the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley. You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub（中心）: rich people and nerds（痴迷科研的人）. Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become start-up hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few start-ups happen in Miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it's not the kind of place nerds like. Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US computer science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don't want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there are plenty of hackers who could start start-ups, there’ s no one to invest in them. Do you really need rich people Wouldn't it work to have the government invest the nerds No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right start-ups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.
一、 试题详解
.核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分六段。第一段提出问题：硅谷的传奇能否在其他地方复制，它是否有其独一无二性？第二段直接回答首段问题，硅谷的成功很难在其他国家复制，那么到底是什么造就了硅谷的成功呢？第三段承接第二段的问题，回答了硅谷的成功秘诀是拥有两类人：一类是有钱人，一类是科研痴迷者。第四段作者给出了观察所得的证据：在美国境内，迈阿密和匹兹堡两地因不同时具备这两类人未能成为科研创业中心。第五段作者用自己在匹兹堡和伊萨卡两地的生活经历，证实这两地因为天气原因不受富人青睐，从而无法为众多的科研痴迷者提供投资，以至于无法孵化他们的创意。最后一段作者再次提出问题：富人在科研发展方面的作用真的那么大吗？作者认为那些投资创业的富人是一群独特的有钱人：因为他们不仅拥有资金，而且他们也有相关科技行业的经验。
.写作思路
（1） 找出中心议题，理清文章脉络。该文第一段和第二段提出了两个问题，第一段是个一般疑问句：Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it 而第二段有一个特殊疑问句：What does it take to make a Silicon Valley 从全文的内容安排上看，第一个问题只是作为引子,第二个问题才是中心议题。文章第三段回答了这个中心议题，认为答案是人。第四段通过反证法给出两个不同的例子证明作者的观点。第五段进一步用作者个人的感受说明第四段中所述的两个城市因为气候原因未能吸引富人前往，即使拥有大量科研人才也难以成为创业中心。第六段提出投资创业的富人的独特性和重要性。所以全文第一、二段提出问题，第三段回答问题，第四至六段证明观点。
（2） 确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。本文的摘要可将文章的议题和作者的观点合为要点1。这样开门见山，能使阅读摘要的人明白文章的重点。把原来的问题和答案进行整理是一个难点，我们可以整合原来的信息，使之表达更加准确。所以要点1可以概写为what引导的一个主语从句, "What makes the uniqueness of Silicon Valley is...”。要点2应该是提供证据，原文主要提供了迈阿密和匹兹堡两个反例，这两个反例均不同时具备硅谷需要的两类人。要点3说明两个反例的不同之处。在概写时，我们可以把两个例子合在一起，使用否定句式“neither...no己后接because引导的原因状语从句，解释富人和痴迷科研之人在硅谷传奇中各自重要的、不可替代的作用。
参考范文
What makes the uniqueness of Silicon Valley is the coexistence of people with wealth and people crazy about technology.（要点 1） Neither Miami, a city filled with money, nor Pittsburgh, where one of the top US computer science departments lies, has ever become another Silicon Valley, because the former doesn't appeal to scientific talents while the latter, due to its bad weather, fails to attract rich people who offer money, experience and attention.（要点 2、3）
范文解析
范文一共两句话，第一句把文章的议题和作者的观点作为概述的要点1,釆用what引导的主语从句替换了原文的特殊疑问句的问答，选用uniqueness避免词的重复使用。范文第二句将要点2和3整合，同时提及两个例子，以及它们未能成为“硅谷”的原因，例证了要点1：“硅谷''的诞生必须同时具备两类人才——富人和痴迷科研的人，缺一不可。
四、 提炼归纳
避免重复表达
本范文中我们将"…hard to reproduce"（硅谷的难以复制性）用uniqueness来替代，而原文中说到的两种人“rich people"和 "nerds" 转换成"people with wealth and people crazy about technology", 从作者观点看来，这两类人缺一不可，所以范文使用了 coexistence（共存）表达这一意思。这可以避免重复原文内容,使用不同的语言进行准确的表达。
灵活选用句式
本范文用一句话概括了文章的论题（硅谷的独特性）和论点（富人和科研人才的共存），用另一句较长的句子整合了第四至六段的论据。由于论据都是从反面论证，所以釆用了"neither...nor"的结构。但是两个例子的不同之处要分别表达，所以用"the former, the latter"分述。
概要写作。阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Exercise 8
Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley It's the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley. You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub（中心）: rich people and nerds（痴迷科研的人）. Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become start-up hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few start-ups happen in Miami, for example, because although it's full of rich people, it's not the kind of place nerds like. Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US computer science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there's no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don't want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there are plenty of hackers who could start start-ups, there’ s no one to invest in them. Do you really need rich people Wouldn't it work to have the government invest the nerds No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right start-ups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.
一、 试题详解
.核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分六段。第一段提出问题：硅谷的传奇能否在其他地方复制，它是否有其独一无二性？第二段直接回答首段问题，硅谷的成功很难在其他国家复制，那么到底是什么造就了硅谷的成功呢？第三段承接第二段的问题，回答了硅谷的成功秘诀是拥有两类人：一类是有钱人，一类是科研痴迷者。第四段作者给出了观察所得的证据：在美国境内，迈阿密和匹兹堡两地因不同时具备这两类人未能成为科研创业中心。第五段作者用自己在匹兹堡和伊萨卡两地的生活经历，证实这两地因为天气原因不受富人青睐，从而无法为众多的科研痴迷者提供投资，以至于无法孵化他们的创意。最后一段作者再次提出问题：富人在科研发展方面的作用真的那么大吗？作者认为那些投资创业的富人是一群独特的有钱人：因为他们不仅拥有资金，而且他们也有相关科技行业的经验。
.写作思路
（1） 找出中心议题，理清文章脉络。该文第一段和第二段提出了两个问题，第一段是个一般疑问句：Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it 而第二段有一个特殊疑问句：What does it take to make a Silicon Valley 从全文的内容安排上看，第一个问题只是作为引子,第二个问题才是中心议题。文章第三段回答了这个中心议题，认为答案是人。第四段通过反证法给出两个不同的例子证明作者的观点。第五段进一步用作者个人的感受说明第四段中所述的两个城市因为气候原因未能吸引富人前往，即使拥有大量科研人才也难以成为创业中心。第六段提出投资创业的富人的独特性和重要性。所以全文第一、二段提出问题，第三段回答问题，第四至六段证明观点。
（2） 确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。本文的摘要可将文章的议题和作者的观点合为要点1。这样开门见山，能使阅读摘要的人明白文章的重点。把原来的问题和答案进行整理是一个难点，我们可以整合原来的信息，使之表达更加准确。所以要点1可以概写为what引导的一个主语从句, "What makes the uniqueness of Silicon Valley is...”。要点2应该是提供证据，原文主要提供了迈阿密和匹兹堡两个反例，这两个反例均不同时具备硅谷需要的两类人。要点3说明两个反例的不同之处。在概写时，我们可以把两个例子合在一起，使用否定句式“neither...no己后接because引导的原因状语从句，解释富人和痴迷科研之人在硅谷传奇中各自重要的、不可替代的作用。
参考范文
What makes the uniqueness of Silicon Valley is the coexistence of people with wealth and people crazy about technology.（要点 1） Neither Miami, a city filled with money, nor Pittsburgh, where one of the top US computer science departments lies, has ever become another Silicon Valley, because the former doesn't appeal to scientific talents while the latter, due to its bad weather, fails to attract rich people who offer money, experience and attention.（要点 2、3）
范文解析
范文一共两句话，第一句把文章的议题和作者的观点作为概述的要点1,釆用what引导的主语从句替换了原文的特殊疑问句的问答，选用uniqueness避免词的重复使用。范文第二句将要点2和3整合，同时提及两个例子，以及它们未能成为“硅谷”的原因，例证了要点1：“硅谷''的诞生必须同时具备两类人才——富人和痴迷科研的人，缺一不可。
四、 提炼归纳
避免重复表达
本范文中我们将"…hard to reproduce"（硅谷的难以复制性）用uniqueness来替代，而原文中说到的两种人“rich people"和 "nerds" 转换成"people with wealth and people crazy about technology", 从作者观点看来，这两类人缺一不可，所以范文使用了 coexistence（共存）表达这一意思。这可以避免重复原文内容,使用不同的语言进行准确的表达。
灵活选用句式
本范文用一句话概括了文章的论题（硅谷的独特性）和论点（富人和科研人才的共存），用另一句较长的句子整合了第四至六段的论据。由于论据都是从反面论证，所以釆用了"neither...nor"的结构。但是两个例子的不同之处要分别表达，所以用"the former, the latter"分述。