Unit 1 Great Scientists 单元教学课件

(共127张PPT)
Unit 1
Great Scientists
Do you know
Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float
Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed
Archimedes
Charles Darwin
Who invented the first steam engine
Thomas Newcomen
Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children
Gregor Mendel
Who discovered radium
Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities
Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people
Marie Curie
Thomas Edison
Leonardo da Vinci
Who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground
Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened
Who put forward a theory about black holes
Sir Humphrey Davy
Zhang Heng
Stephen Hawking
Who is the father of super hybrid rice
Yuan Longping
Do you know who defeated “King Cholera”
John Snow
John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.
Do you know what kind of disease is cholera
It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.
Let’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage:
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
What happened in 1854
How many people died in 10 days
Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street
Cholera outbreak hit London.
500
These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.
Task 1:Skim and Scan
Task 2: Read and answer
1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in
3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. Both A and B
4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do
1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in
Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.
People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. both A and B
4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do
Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine.
Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:
1.Find a problem:(发现问题)
2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题)
3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法)
4.Collect results:(收集材料)
5.Analyse results:(分析材料)
6.Repeat if necessary:(必要时重新分析)
7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论)
Mind Map of the text
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera
Paragraph 2: Two theory
Find a Problem: What cause the cholera
Make a question: Which is right
Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854
Think of a method: Test two theory
Collect the result: Mark the death
Analyse the result: Reason for death and no death
Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Analyse the result: Find the resource of the water
Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence.
Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ
Polluted water carried cholera
Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera
John Snow defeat King Cholera
Read the passage again and finish Ex. 1(Page 3). (in 8 minutes)
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem
The cause Idea 1:
Idea 2:
The method
Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera
a strange cloud of gas found its victims
people absorbed the disease with meals
Collect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct
The results
Idea 1 or 2 Why
The conclusion
He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water
Idea 2. Because the information showed that the dirty water carried cholera
He defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water
Retell the passage according to below:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
doctor
19th
cause
defeat
broke
marked
pump
source
examined
dealing
(in 5 minutes)
Do you know
发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。
1865年，修士孟德尔在一个会议上报告了他通过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万一千多件样本的实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了当时人们能够接受的水平。35年后，三国科学家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同地发现，早在35年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定律。这就是生物学史上的有名的“孟德尔定律的再发现”。
英国化学家、诗人汉弗莱·戴维。1778年出生。他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。他不到20岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划发奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国皇家学会的主席。1798年戴维的名声随着他对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（1816），这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千上万名矿工的生命。
Language
points
Find the phrases in the passage.
1、提出
2、传染病
3、科学研究
4、得出结论
5、分析结果
6、对……产生兴趣
7、被传染的人
8、信仰
9、查清楚
10、调查
11、水源
12、使慢下来
13、另外
14、把……和……联系起来
15、死于……
16、毫无疑问地
17、阻止……做……
18、处理
put forward
infectious diseases
scientific research
draw a conclusion
analyze the results
get …interested in
the affected people
believe in
find out
1、提出
2、传染病
3、科学研究
4、得出结论
5、分析结果
6、对……产生兴趣
7、被传染的人
8、信仰
9、查清楚
look into
the source of water
slow down
in addition
link…to
die of
with certainty
prevent…from
deal with
10、调查
11、水源
12、使慢下来
13、另外
14、把……和……联系起来
15、死于……
16、毫无疑问地
17、阻止……做……
18、处理
Language Points
1.discover & invent
discover v. “ 发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存在着.
Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲.
Who discovered radium 谁发现了镭
invent v. “发明”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西.
Who invented the steam engine 谁发明了蒸汽机
2.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities 是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法
the way of doing sth.= the way to do … “做…..的方法”
She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法.
the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略.
I don’t like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your father.
我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与way相关的短语:
by the way 顺便说 by way of … 通过……的方法
lose one’s way 迷路 no way (俚语) 没门,别想
feel one’s way 摸黑走,谨慎从事on one’s way to…在去…的路上
in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法
3.Who put forward a theory about black holes 谁提出了黑洞的理论
put forward
(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等)
(2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名
May I put your name forward as our monitor 我能否提名你当我们的班长
put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来;记入名单;
put on 穿上;戴上;增加 put off 耽误;延期
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立;建造
put up with… 忍受……
You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ______ the books when you’ve finished with them.
A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off
1. put forward 提出
put down
put off
put away
put on
put out
放下，记下
推迟，延期
放好
穿上， 上演
扑灭
Ex. Fill in the blanks.
The manager _________ a good idea to solve the problem.
Tom, could you please _____________ toys and books
They are everywhere.
3. The big fire was _____________________ an hour later.
4. The match has ____________________ because of the rain.
5. Time was up for the test. So all the students _____________
their pens and turned in their papers.
6. The man __________ his best hat and went to the station.
put forward
put away
put out
been put off
put down
put on
4.This was the most deadly disease of its day.
die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.)
deadly
adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease/weapon
2. highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的;致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论
3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人
adv. 1. Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真 2. like death 死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白
2. attend
1) 专心 , 处理 attend to sth.
2）照顾 　　　attend to sb. / sth
3) 治疗，护理, 照料　attend (on ) sb.
4）出席，参加 attend a meeting
attend school (入学）
He attended to his business.
If you go out , who will attend to the baby
I didn’t attend his wedding on Sunday because I was too busy.
他专心于他的事务。
如果你出去，谁照顾婴儿呢？
星期天我没出席他的婚礼因为太忙了。
Exercises
她５岁就上学了。
一位好医生在医院里给我看病。
你能马上处理这件事吗？
She attended school at the age of five.
A good doctor attended (on) me in hospital.
Can you attend to this matter right away
3. ease v . 减轻，舒缓
This medicine can ease pain.
The relationship between these two countries has eased.
这种药能镇痛／缓解痛楚。
两国的关系已经得到缓和。
ease one’s mind = put sb. at (one’s) ease
使某人安心
她说的话使大家安下心来。
What she said eased everyone’s mind.
What she said put everyone at ease.
5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:The book written by Luxun is very popular.
expose v.
to make visible 暴露 “expose ….to….”
He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.
(2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of …揭露;揭发
He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋.
I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.
expose to 使易受,使受 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局
expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下
5. cure
v. / n. 治愈, 治疗
This kind of medicine can’t cure him of his headache.
He went to the city for a cure in a famous hospital.
这种药治不了他的头痛。
他到城里一家有名的医院治疗。
v.
n.
科学家们在寻找一种治疗禽流感的方法。
Scientists are searching for a method to cure bird flu.
6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死.
every time是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”,如:
Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情.
immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,如:
I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他.
I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了.
6. control
v. 统治，控制
He tried to control his anger.
他尽量控制自己的愤怒。
n. 统治，控制 , 掌握
in control of指导；支配
He was in control of the car.他负责这辆小汽车。
under the control of 被……控制着
( go ) out of control 失控
他的钱是由他妻子掌管的。
那辆车失去控制撞在墙上。
His money is under the control of his wife.
The car went out of control and hit the wall.
7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练习)
8.absorb v. 吸收(液体);承受;承担 (费用等)
Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨水
We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用.
absorb…in/by..吸引注意
I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear you call.专心看书
absorb…into…吸收…
The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。
8. severe
= serious 严厉的，严格的
= very harmful 剧烈的
be severe with = be strict with
对……要求严格
His severe looks frightened me.
他的严厉表情使我恐慌。
He has a severe pain in his leg.
他的脚痛得厉害。
他对自己要求很严格。
He is very severe with himself.
9. valuable a. 贵重的，重要的，有用的
be valuable to sb. 对某人有价值
be valuable for sth. 对……有用
value n. 价值
valuable = of great value
他给我们提供了宝贵的信息。
这本书对我的学习很有价值。
电脑对储存资料很有用。
He provided us with valuable information.
This book is valuable to me in my studies.
This book is of great value to me in my studies.
Computer is valuable for storing information.
10. blame 责备，指责，归咎于
blame sb. (for sth. )
blame sth. on sb.
They blamed him for everything .
他们样样事都指责他。
He blamed it on me.
他怪我不好。
警察把这个事故的责任归咎那个司机。
他把比赛失败归咎于自己。
The police blamed the accident on the driver.
He blamed himself for the loss of the match.
11. handle
n. 把手， 柄
v. 操作， 处理，管理， 拿
the handle of the door
handle the business
handle an argument
handle the food
门的把手
管理业务
处理一场争论
拿食物
12. in addition 除此之外，另外，并且
in addition to = besides 除此之外……还有
In addition to English , he has to study a second foreign language.
除了英语之外，他还必须学习第二外语。
In addition , I work for the computer computer in my spare time.
此外，我还在业余时间要电脑公司工作。
She can sing songs in English ___________
in Japanese.
The doctor found another way of curing the
cancer ____________.
in addition to
in addition
13. link…to 把……与……连接/ 联系
Scientists have linked smoking to cancer.
科学家已经把吸烟与癌症联系起来。
这条铁路把上海和北京连接起来。
The railway links Shanghai to Beijing.
14. announce
宣布，发表， 告知
显示……， 预告/ 示
The government announced its new economic policies.
政府发布了新的经济政策。
The strong wind announced the coming of a big storm.
强风预示着一场大风暴的来临。
这则消息经由电视向大众宣布。
The news was announced to the public on TV.
Choose the right one for the blanks.
believe in, deal with , prevent…from ,
with certainty, die of , in addition , look into
The police are _________ all the records of the man.
_________, the course also provides practical experience.
He __________ him and let him handle all his business.
The government is doing something to ____________ the polluted water.
The old man __________ hunger and cold.
You should _________ your child _______ going out at night.
He was the first to work out the problem ____________.
looking into
In addition
believed in
deal with
died of
prevent from
with certainty
P42.Using Words And Expressions
1. In the twenty-first century, educated people find it difficult to believe that living conditions in the nineteenth century ________ people _____ serious illnesses. The reports of many doctors _______ illness _____ drinking polluted water. However, one hundred years ago people did not connect a disease to the environment. So they did not _______ the companies that supplied dirty water. The doctors found that the dirtier the water, the more ______ the illness. It was only later when people began to _______ the water and _____ its quality that they_______ the idea that cholera was _________ from the air. It was only when everybody began to attack the dirty conditions that cholera was _________ and was not a problem any more.
expose
examine
severe
blame
to
link
to
absorbed
rejected
test
defeated
1
Great scientists
Reading & Writing
Warming up
Do you know what is the center of the solar system
Fast reading
Listen to the tape, and find out the answers to the questions.
1. What did Copernicus think was the center of the solar system
2.When did Copernicus publish his theory
Reading
Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory
Careful reading
Why didn’t Copernicus publish his theory before he died
P7. 1.Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe.
Before Copernicus’ theory
A diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre
Showing Copernicus’ theory
A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer (1473-1543). Born in Torun, he began his university studies in Krakow in 1491, where he studied canon law and Latin and Greek classics. However he also had an interest in mathematics and astronomy. After obtaining his degree of Doctor of Canon Law (教会法规博士学位)in Italy in 1503, Copernicus returned home to Warmia in Poland to serve as Canon (=priest) .
In 1530, Copernicus completed his great work De Revolutionibus (《天体运行论》).Copernicus knew that these findings would lead him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church (罗马天主教教徒), so he was
in no hurry to publish his theory. He only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact, the book which first suggested that the Sun, not the Earth, is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time.
Adapted from http://www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/copernicus/
1. Surf the Internet and get more information about Copernicus.
http://www./Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm
2. Revision
Listening (P5)
1. Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.
2. In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme
when he came back to China.
3. When Qian Xuesen returned to China he sep up a Space Institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.
4. In China he has been honoured
as “the father of the space programme”.
5. Steve Smith suggested putting
Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mars when
the first Chinese astronaut lands there.
Grammar
The Past Participle
Translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to.
一片碎玻璃
开水
一枚用过的邮票
一箱埋起来的硬币
穿破的鞋子
一台损坏了的计算机
结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。
a broken piece of glass
boiled water
a used stamp
a buried box of coins
a damaged computer
worn—out shoes
Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.
Past Participle Past Participle
as the Attribute as the predicative
terrified people 1.
reserved seats 2.
polluted water 3.
a crowded room 4.
a pleased winner 5.
people who are terrified
seats which are reserved
water that is polluted
a room that is crowded
a winner who is pleased
Past Participle Past Participle
as the Predicative as the Attribute
1. children who 1.
look astonished
2. a vase that is broken 2.
3. a door that is closed 3.
4. the audience who feel tired 4.
5. an animal that is trapped 5.
astonished children
a broken vase
a closed door
the tired audience
a trapped animal
Grammar
一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。
eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物
a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一个受伤的手指
a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币
a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。
e.g.：spoken English 英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
the advanced countries 发达国家
drunken man 一个醉鬼
a returned student 一名留学生
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯
by-gone days 过去的岁月
2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动或完成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊
I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth．
我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.
1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.
= He told us of the great wrong ___________________________ to him.
which had been done
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。
2） The United States is a developed country.
= The United Stated is a country ______________________ .
which has developed
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。
3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there
= Have you noticed the bridge
______________________ there
which is being built
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。
二、过去分词作表语
1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。
e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
You seem frightened.
你似乎受了惊吓。
2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。
e.g.：This shop is now closed．
这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)
This shop is closed at 6 pm every day．
这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）
Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.
1. 丢了钱他自责不已。
He ______________ about losing the money.
2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always _______________ Do you sleep well these days
3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
I _____________________ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better.
got blamed
look so tired
was disappointed with
4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star．
5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。
The children ______________________ going to the zoo．
6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.
His wound ___________________ a new virus．
was shocked
are really excited about
became infected with
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
高考链接
B
解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
高考链接
D
解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
高考链接
B
解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。
Homework
Summarize the use of the past participle as the attribute and predictive.
P44.No1:
prepared 2. interested
3. worried; continued 4. arrived
5. concerned 6. frightened
P44.No.2:
I found this broken plate on the floor.
I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming.
I looked at that modern abstract painting coloured in yellows and greens.
Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question.
5. She is my friend devoted to my interests.
6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles labelled in green ink.
7. We saw many cracked windows in that room.
Great scientists
Listening & Talking (Wb)
Warming up
Which plant and animal do you like best Can you classify them into a system
Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish
Carl Linnaeus is often called the Father of Taxonomy(分类学). He succeeded in classifying the plants and animals into a system they worked. His method was called “the sexual method” of classifying plants and animals.
His ideas on classification have influenced generations of biologists during and after his own lifetime.
Some new words in the listening text
1.Sweden 瑞典
2.species 种类
3.feather 羽毛
4.blackbird 山鸟类
P41 Listening
Choose which of the following statements most closely describes what this listening passage is about . Explain why the others are wrong.
This is about a man who wants to name a flower.
This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to own it.
This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to know if it is a new species of flower.
2. Listen to the tape again and try to complete the following passage.
To find the name of the unknown flower, first you have to go to see a flower ________. He /She will look in a special ________ written by Carl Linnaeus. He lived in __________ from ________to __________. He was very important because he solved a serious problem for _________ . He saw all plants and animals produce _________________________. Some animals produce __________ but others lay _______ while plants ______________. He used these
specialist
young plants and animals
biology
1778
1707
Sweden
book
eggs
produce seeds
babies
different ways of producing young to put plants and animals into _________. For example, the group called birds lay ________ to produce young and they all have ________. Linnaeus put the plants and animals into smaller groups or species. He gave each one two names. One is for the large group, for example _______ and one is for the species, for example _________. So a parrot would be ___________. He was the first person to successfully classify(分类)all plants and animals.
bird,parrot
parrot
bird
feathers
eggs
groups
Listening Task (P44)
Listening Task P44
Euler’s achievements Examples
New symbols and terms
,sin, consin
Old areas
of mathematics
Revised and analysed all maths of his day
New area of mathematics Topology(拓扑学)
Overall importance
Introduced a lot of symbols into maths; wrote more books than anyone before
Reading Task ( P45 )
Finding The Solution
Puzzle
A
B
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
Can you go over it without missing any points or going over a line twice
F
A
B
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
start
finish
F
A
B
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E
Euler said, “If a figure has more than two odd points, you cannot go over it without lifting your pencil from the page or going over a line twice.”
A.B.C:even points
A.B:even points
C.D: odd points
C. D.E.F: odd points
A.B: even points
F
Leonhard Euler (1707-1783)
Born: 15 April 1707 in Basel, Switzerland Died: 18 Sept 1783 in St Petersburg, Russia
Euler was a famous mathematician in the eighteenth century, he introduced a new branch of mathematics called topology. It is a form of geometry that help you understand things by turning them into diagrams.
Reading P45
What is Euler path
curved line
straight line
even point
odd point
A,B,C D : odd points
A, C: odd points
B, D:even points
No Euler path
Has Euler path
start
finish
Fig 4:
A
1
2
3
4
Figure 4
answers to the homework
一: 中译英
1.下结论
2. 暴露于
3. 把…吸收进去
4. 热衷于(足球)
5.对…谨慎
6. 提出一个理论
7.治好某人的(癌症)
8. 应因某事受责备
9. 感染上…
10.有意义,行得通
11.在某方面严格要求某人
draw a conclusion
be exposed to
absorb…into…
be enthusiastic about (football)
be cautious to
put forward a theory
cure sb of (his cancer)
be to blame for sth
become/get infected with
make sense
be strict with sb in sth
12. contribute (sth) to sth
13. reject one’s theory
14. in addition ( to)
15. be linked to sth/sb
e to an end
17. take up( a career)
18. be under construction
19. apart from sth
20. lead to sth
21. (from my) point of view
=from the point of view of sb
12. 为…贡献…
13. 摈弃某人的原理
14. 除了(…以外,还有…)
15. 和…有联系
16. 结束
17. 开始从事一种事业
18. 在建设当中
19. 除…外
20. 导致
21. (在我)看来,(依我的)观点
complete the sentences with the phrases above
1. Officials must____________ themselves and serve people heart and soul
2. ___________________ of his family, the school was______________ the students’ injuries. Therefore, they demanded the school to cover all medical costs.
3. It ____________ that the young should respect the old
4. ____________ money, they provided us with food.
5. At last they found a steep path_____________ the temple at the top of the mountain.
6. The two cities________________ each other by a newly-built railway.
7. A new plan _________________ at the meeting yesterday
8. He felt that he _________________for the coldness that had grown between them
be strict with
makes sense
Apart from
leading to
are linked to
was put forward
was to blame for
From the point of view of
to blame for
Translate the sentences into English/Chinese
Hawking puts forward the theory about black holes.
　　霍金提出了黑洞理论
put forward+表示建议,计划等的名词= come up with
put away: 放好.储存(钱) put up with:忍受
put on :穿上，上演　　　　put out：熄灭，扑灭
２．Ｗe drew a conclusion that we should give him another chance
　　我们得出结论应该再给他一次机会
　draw/ come to/ arrive at/ reach a conclusion得出结论
　conclude : V 结束,推断 conclusion: n结论
　　conclude sth by/with: 以…而结束
Eg: They concluded that the disease was SARA
3.Keep in doors and don’t expose your skin to the sun
呆在户内，别把你的皮肤暴露于太阳底下
expose sth/sb to使…暴露于…；使面临；使遭受（危险，攻击等）
be exposed to：招致，遭受
Those who were exposed to bird flu were separated.
4. The car was out of control and it hit a big tree
这辆车失去了控制，撞上了一棵大树
Mr. Li is in control of the company
李先生管理这间公司
＝The company is in the control of Mr. Li
out of control:　失去控制
in control of：　管理／控制住…
in/under the control of ：被 …控制／管理
５Ｍary was so absorbed in reading the novel that she didn’t realize the teacher had stood beside her.
玛丽是如此的专注于看小说以至于没有意识到老师已站在她旁边
　be absorbed in…全神贯注于…
be absorbed into被吸收入… ，被合并到…
6. The driver was to blame for the accident.
司机应为这次事故承担责任
　(sb) be to blame for …应为…受到谴责／责备／承担责任
７．在业余时间里，除了听音乐，他没别的爱好
_____ ____listening to music, he has no other hobbies in his spare time
apart from用于否定句时表示“除…之外（没有）＝except
用于肯定句时表示“除… …之外（还有）= in addition to, besides, as well as
　
Apart from
８．长时间没有足够的睡眠往往会导致疾病
Not having enough sleep for a long time always _____ ______sickness
9. 　我们每个人都应该严格要求自己
Each of us should ___ ___ _____ourselves.
be strict with sb in sth在某方面对某人严格要求．
⒑　他捐了３０００美元给红十字会(contribute to)
　　He contributed 3000 dollars to the Red Cross
contribute( sth) to:为…贡献…
　make a contribution to/towards…对…做出贡献
⒒这条铁路把西藏(Tibet)和内地(the inland area)连起来了.(link to)
　This railway links Tibet to the inland areas.
be linked to sb/ sth:和…有联系
　
leads to
be strict with
1. __The price, you have to pay the sales tax on it.
In addition B. In addition to C. except
2. ___ in writing the new poem. Jenny even forgot her dinner
Absorbed B. Absorbing C. having absorbed
3. who____ for the pollution of this lake
should blame B. is to be blamed
is blamed D. is to blame
4. The reform project ___ by Mr. White___ at the meeting now
put forward; is discussed
B. has been put forward; is being discussed
C. put forward; is being discussed
He thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
2. John Snow told the astonished people to leave here.
3.So many terrified people died every time.
4.But he became inspired when he thought abou
helping ordinary people.
语法：过去分词做定语和表语
１过去分词做定语修饰名词的两种位置：
⑴前置定语：单独一个过去分词做定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前．
a broken vase. a missing boy
A: Is there anything unsolved.
B: Is there unsolved anything.
复合不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody, nothing+过去分词
⑵后置定语：分词短语要放在被修饰的名词之后
a book written by Lu Xun
The project designed by him was constructed in only two months
√
×
2.过去分词做定语表示一个被动的动作或一个完成的动作．及物动词的过去分词做定语时可以改为被动形式的定语从句
the fallen leaves
the stolen money
This is a letter written in black ink.
=This is a letter which is written in black inks
The stolen money has been found.
=The money which was stolen has been found.
转换的步骤1：找出过去分词所修饰的名词（即先行词）
2：根据先行词的类别选择恰当的关连词
3：把做定语的过去分词改为改动词的被动形式
（即原句中done be+ done的形式
表示一个完成的动作
表示一个被动的动作
Exercises:句型转换
1. The girl dressed in red is my sister.
The girl who is dressed in red is my sister.
2. Father beat the son lost in the on-line games.
Father beat the son who was lost in the on-line games
3.This project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years.
This project , designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years
4. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.
The castle, burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.
高考题中的过去分词
There have been several new event____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added.
2.Five people won the China’s Green Figure” award, a title____ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
3. In the dream Peter saw himself____ by a fierce wolf ,and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased B. to be chased
C. be chased D. having been chased
常见题型
As is known to us all, traveling is____, but we often feel_____ when we are back from travels.
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring.
C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired
2. Hearing the___ news, we all felt____
A. encouraging; encouraging B. encouraged; encouraged
C. encouraged; encouraging D. encouraging; encouraged
3. From the dates___ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking B. marked
C. to be marked D. having been marked
4. The first textbook___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. Having written B. to be written C. written D. being written
综合练习
1. –Let me take that pile of books for you.
-___, but I’d rather carry it myself.
It’s OK B. Thank you very much
C. You’re welcome D. It doesn’t matter
2. I had better do something fast before things get ___
A. In control B. under control
C. below control D. out of control
3. The whole nation was___ at the news of Mr. Deng Xiaoping’s death.
A. shocking B. shocked at
C. being shocked D. to be shocked
4. The ___ look on his face suggested that he had succeesed.
A. excited B. tired C. tiring D. exciting
5. If the building project____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
being completed B. is completed
to be completed D. completed.
6. To keep health, he___ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for
7. He is in__ control of the company, I mean the companyis in___ control of him
A. the;/ B./; the C. the; the D. /; /
8. Please be patient , everybody. The headmaster said he would____ the accident himself as soon as possible.
A. look for B. look up to C. look at D. look into
9. He greets me with a big smile___ he meets me.
A. every time B. the time
C. next time D. all the time
10. Many patients___ the ceremony at which Doctor Huang was honored with an award for the patience and love he displayed when__ patients
A. presented at; looking after
B. come to; taking care of
C. attended to; attending
D. joined in; deal with
Translate the passage into English, try to use the phrases in this unit
天气越来越冷了,所以爸爸提出了一个建议.他说:“为了不感染上流感,除了给每人买一件大衣之外,我们还要开始进行户外运动.” 妈妈说那行得通.在我看来,除了衣服和运动,我们还应该准备些常用的药.最后,我们得出了结论:所有的建议都会被接受.
The weather is becoming colder and colder, so father put forward a suggestion . He said: “In addition to buying everyone a coat , we must take up outdoor exercise, so that we would not get infected with flu.” My mother thought that it made sense. From my point of view, we should buy some medicine that people often use apart from buying clothes and doing exercise. At last, we drew a conclusion that all the suggestions would be accepted