高考最常见最重要语法专讲专练课件 打包9份

文档属性

名称 高考最常见最重要语法专讲专练课件 打包9份
格式 zip
文件大小 3.1MB
资源类型 教案
版本资源
科目 英语
更新时间 2012-09-12 19:44:34

文档简介

(共33张PPT)
一、名 词
1.What's the ________, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself?(2011·江西,31)
A.sympathy B.theme
C.object D.point
解析 句意:你认为如果他自己不努力帮助自己的话,别人帮助他还有什么意义呢?考查名词辨析。the point of doing sth意思是“做某事的理由或意义”;sympathy可怜,同情;theme主题;object目标,物体。根据句意可知选D项。
答案 D
2.The lack of eco friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major ________ of global climate change.(2011·福建,26)
A.result B.cause
C.warning D.reflection
解析 句意:公众缺乏环保习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。考查名词辨析。cause原因,起因;result结果;warning警告;reflection反思,反省。根据句意可知,正确答案为B项。
答案 B
3.“Tommy, run!Be quick!The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice.(2011·湖北,21)
A.anger B.rudeness
C.regret D.panic
解析 句意:汤米,快跑!快点!房子着火了!妈妈大声喊叫道。她的声音里显然带着恐慌。考查名词辨析。房间着火了,妈妈叫孩子赶紧跑出去。从这些信息看,本空应选D,表示“恐慌,惊恐”。A“愤怒”;B“粗鲁,粗暴”;C“懊悔,遗憾,抱歉”,都不符合句意。
答案 D
4.Giving up my job to go back to full time education was a big ________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.(2011·湖北,22)
A.project B.commitment
C.competition D.ambition
解析 句意:放弃工作回去接受全日制教育是个巨大的“投入”,但是现在我意识到那是我所作出的最正确的决定。project工程,项目;commitment花费,使用(资金、时间、人力);competition竞争;ambition抱负,野心。
答案 B
5.Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children's ________.(2011·四川,13)
A.touch B.sight
C.reach D.distance
解析 句意:切记把刀等危险的东西放在孩子们够不到的地方。考查名词辨析。这里用固定短语out of one's reach表示“在某人够不着的地方”。out of touch不太了解,不懂得;out of sight看不见;out of distance离……太远,达不到。
答案 C
情 况 方 法 例 词
1.一般情况 在词尾加s books,birds,lights
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词 在词尾加es glasses,boxes,brushes,watches
3.以y结尾的词 以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的名词 变y为i再加es cities,stories,parties,countries
以“元音字母+y” 结尾的名词 在词尾加s boys,joys,keys
4.以f或fe结尾的名词 在词尾直接加s gulfs,cliffs,roofs,chiefs,serfs,beliefs,proofs
变f或fe为v,再加es selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,wolves,halves 
极少数名词,变f为v,再加es或在词尾直接加s handkerchieves/handkerchiefs scarves/scarfs
续表
5.以o结尾的名词 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词,在词尾加s radios,zoos,bamboos,studios
一些外来词、缩略词和专有名词,在词尾加s Euros,kilos,solos,pianos
表示与人、动物、植物有关的以o结尾的名词,在词尾加es Negroes,heroes,potatoes,tomatoes
【典例】Anyway, I can't cheat him—it's against all my ________.(2011·浙江,18)
A.emotions         B.principles
C.regulations D.opinions
解析 句意:无论如何我都不能欺骗他——这违背我做人的原则。考查名词辨析。principle常用复数形式,意为:(行为的)准则、规范。如:principles of conduct行为的准则。emotion情感,情绪;regulation规章,规则;opinion意见,看法,主张。
答案 B
情 况 例 词
1.改变内部元音字母 men,women,policemen,feet,geese
2.词尾加en,ren或其他形式 oxen,children,mice
3.复合名词的复数 将主体名词变为复数 passers by,lookers on,new comers
无主体名词,则在词尾加s grown ups,go betweens
man或woman作定语的名词,前后两个名词都要变复数 men teachers,women doctors
4.有些名词形似复数,实为单数 news,physics,politics,mathematics
5.有些集体名词,形式上是单数,却用作复数。 cattle, police, people
【典例】His parents raise hundreds of________,including four________.(2011·济宁高三检测)
A.cattle;cows B.cattles;cow
C.cattle;cow D.cattles;cows
解析 cattle为集体名词;cow是可数名词,后加s构成复数形式。
答案 A
当不可数名词被赋予了具体含义后,可被看作是可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,意为“一个(件、次)……的人或事”,这就是所谓的抽象名词的具体化。具体地说:
【典例】In ________most countries,a university degree can give you________flying start in life.(2010·四川卷)
A.the;a B.the;不填
C.不填;不填 D.不填;a
解析 复数名词countries表示泛指,之前不用冠词,故第一个空不填冠词;抽象名词start前有flying修饰,因此被具体化,意为“一个飞跃性的开始”,故第二个空填不定冠词a。句意:在许多国家,一个大学学位能给你的人生一个飞跃性的开始。
答案 D
热点考向二 名词的格
1.有生命名词的所有格
构成情况 示 例
1.普通单数名词在词尾加's Tom's father,the boy's book 
2.以s或es结尾的名词或名词复数,只在词尾加' the students' classroom,Charles' home
3.不是以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加's women's clothing,children's toys
4.复合名词的所有格在词尾加's her son in law's photo
5.并列名词表示共同所属时,只在最后一个名词后加's;如果表示各自所属,则分别在每个名词后加's Tom and Mary's father(共同的父亲) Tom's and Mary's fathers(各自的父亲)
6.当名词所有格表示“……家,……店铺”“……诊所”等含义时,后面一般省略它所修饰的名词 at Mr Green's在格林先生的家at the barber's在理发店to my uncle's到我叔叔家
2.无生命名词的所有格
构成情况 示 例
1.常用“of+名词”结构 the title of the novel,
a map of the world
2.表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、度量衡及价值的名词,常用“'s”表示所有关系 ten minutes' ride乘车10分钟的路
a mile's distance一英里的距离
China's industry中国的工业
3.双重所有格
当表示所有格的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用“名词+of+'s”形式,这种结构被称为双重所有格,一般表示“所有关系”。
a novel of Lu Xun's鲁迅所有小说中的一本
the large house of Tom's汤姆的那栋大房子
that bag of Mary's玛丽的那个包
a few friends of Mr Wang's王先生的几个朋友
注意区别
a picture of my brother's我弟弟所有照片中的一张
a picture of my brother一张我弟弟的照片
【典例】The________shoes were covered with mud,so I asked them to take them off before they got into________car.(2009·江西卷)
A.girl's;Tom's B.girls';Toms'
C.girls';Tom's D.girl's;Toms‘
解析 考查名词的所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知,第一个空应填对应复数名词的所有格girls';第二个空表示“汤姆的”,故填Tom's。
答案 C
【口诀巧记】
     名词所有格
英语名词所有格,表示某物是“谁的”;
所有格构成有方法,多数要把“'s”加;
复数名词有s,只要撇号“'”可以啦;
名词若为无生命,常把of往里加;
时间、地点和距离,所有格也可用's;
共有最后一个加,各有分别加's。
【典例】Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for________building.(2009·湖北卷)
                     
A.respect B.friendship
C.reputation D.character
解析 考查名词作定语。根据前面的信息词health可知,运动既可以增强体质又可以发展个性,故用character作定语修饰building。
答案 D
【典例】Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n)________of 40,000 per year.(2010·江西卷)
A.average B.number
C.amount D.quantity
解析 句意:去年考过驾照的学生人数达到了20万,平均每年4万。an average of平均是。
答案 A
【典例】The system has been designed to give students quick and easy________to the digital resources of the library.(2009·浙江卷)                  
A.access B.passage
C.way D.approach
解析 所填名词在句中作动词give的宾语。固定搭配access to意为“有权使用,有机会接近”。句意:设计这个系统的目的是让学生迅速、容易地使用图书馆的数字资源。
答案 A
【典例】It is no________arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A.use B.help
C.time D.way
错因分析
考生有可能误选D项,认为no way在句中表示“没有可能”。it is no use doing sth是一个固定结构,意为“做某事是没有用的”,故A为本题的正确答案。
归纳总结
it is no use后多接动词 ing结构,这是个常考点。有类似用法的还有:it is no need/good doing sth, it is fun/nice/pleasant ... doing sth等结构,这其中的it作形式主语,doing短语为真正的主语。
【典例】The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has________all over the country.
A.companies B.branches
C.organizations D.businesses
错因分析
考生有可能误选D项。A项意为“公司”;B项意为“树枝”或“分支机构”;C项意为“组织”;D项意为“公司”。根据句意可知,B项正确。
归纳总结
在高考英语中,有一种“熟词新义”题型,即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的,但它所考查的含义却是不常见的。
单击此处进入 实战过关演练(共87张PPT)
复合句
1.The old town has narrow streets and small houses________are built close to each other.(2011·山东,32)
A.they B.where
C.what D.that
解析 句意:这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子。考查定语从句。先行词是narrow streets and small houses,还原到从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that。A和C不能引导定语从句,B是关系副词,不能作主语。
答案 D
2.The villagers have already known________we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.(2011·江西,26)
A.this B.that
C.what D.which
解析 句意:村民们已经知道我们将要做的就是重建这座桥。考查名词性从句的用法。分析句子成分可知have already known后为宾语从句。而在该宾语从句中又含“________we'll do”这一主语从句,该主语从句缺少宾语,且表“事物”,故用what引导。
答案 C
3.________volleyball is her main focus, she's also great at basketball.(2011·北京,29)
A.Since B.Once
C.Unless D.While
解析 句意:尽管她把重点都放在排球上,可她也擅长篮球。考查连词。根据句意应选择D项。这里while引导让步状语从句。
答案 D
4.It was April 29, 2011________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.(2011·福建,33)
A.that B.when
C.since D.before
解析 句意:2011年4月29日,英国威廉王子和凯特·米德尔顿走入婚姻殿堂。考查状语从句。根据句意可知设空处引导时间状语从句,故答案为B项。本题易误选A项,认为本题考查强调句型,如选A项,需在April 29,2011前加上介词on。
答案 B
5.He had no sooner finished his speech________the students started cheering.(2011·辽宁,29)
A.since B.as
C.when D.than
解析 句意:他刚做完演讲,学生们就开始欢呼起来。考查固定句式。no sooner往往与than连用,意为:一……就……。故答案为D项。
答案 D
1.只用that不用which的情况:
①先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。
All that we have to do is to practise English.
我们不得不做的一切是练习英语。
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
The first letter that I get from him will be kept.
我所收到的他的第一封来信将要被保存。
③先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰时。
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
我已经吃光了你给我的所有食物。
④先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。
He is the very person that I am waiting for.
他正是我在等待的人。
⑤先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about persons and things that they met.
他们谈论了他们遇到的人和事。
⑥若关系代词在从句中作表语,一般需用that。
Mary is no longer the girl that she was.
玛丽不再是过去那个女孩了。
⑦当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,关系代词用that。
Who is the man that is giving us the class
给我们上课的那个人是谁?
2.只用which,不用that的情况:
①关系代词前有介词,先行词指物时只用which。
This is the college in which I am studying.
这是我正在就读的大学。
②引导非限制性定语从句时只用which。
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.全世界都在踢足球,它是一项非常有趣的运动。
【典例】Whenever I met her,________was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile .(2009·山东卷)
A.who B.which
C.when D.that
解析 考查非限制性定语从句,此处所选的关系词需指代前后整个句子,故用which。句意:无论何时我遇见她,她都会一如既往地向我微笑。
答案 B
【口诀巧记】
定语从句
1.that which代表物,区别且听我来述;
先行若是不定代,that就把which踹;
先行词前有两数,就用that定无误;
先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑;
句中若有there be,that应把which替;
先行主中作表语,避免重复从句里。
2.关系副词when/where/why,从中作状莫懈怠;
时间用when,原因why,地点where经常在;关系副词要替换,介词加上关系代;关系代,关系代,that与who要除外;挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副;关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住;它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷。
1.as一般放在句首或句中,which置于句中。
As we know,the earth is round.
正如我们所知,地球是圆的。
The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.
太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。
2.as可引导非限制性从句,常常有“正如”之意;which可以表示主从句之间的因果关系。
As we know,smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
He was always late,which made his teacher very angry.
他经常迟到使他的老师很生气。
3.当先行词被as,so,such,the same修饰时,关系代词常用as。
That's as good a place as I can find.
这是我能找到的好地方。
I've never heard such stories as he tells.
我从未听说过像他讲的这种故事。
注意区别:
This is the same pen as I used yesterday.
这支钢笔和我昨天用的那支一样。(as表示同样的钢笔)
This is the same pen that I used yesterday.
这就是我昨天用的那支钢笔。(that意为同一支钢笔)
【典例】My friend showed me around the town,________was very kind of him.(2009·全国Ⅱ卷)
A.which B.that
C.where D.it
解析 句意:我的朋友真不错,他带我绕城转了一圈。句中was前缺少主语,排除关系副词where;it不能引导定语从句,故排除D项;that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故排除B项。关系代词which在此指代逗号前整个句子。
答案 A
whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中作定语。of which可以代替whose指物,词序一般是“名词+of which”或“of which+名词”。of whom可以代替whose指人,词序是“名词+of whom”。
He lives in a room whose window faces south.=He lives in a room the_window_of_which(或of_which_the_window)faces south.他住在窗户朝南的房子里。
This is the scientist whose_name is known all over the country.=This is the scientist the_name_of_whom is known all over the country.
这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
【典例】A person________e mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e mails.(2009·天津卷)
A.who B.whom
C.whose D.whoever
解析 句意:一个人的电子邮件账户满了,就不能收发任何邮件了。e mail account前缺少定语,故用whose引导定语从句,相当于the e mail account of whom。
答案 C
1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom。
She still remembered the day on_which she won the prize.
她仍然记得她获奖的那天。
The man with_whom she entered the hall was her husband.和她一起走进大厅的那位男子是她的丈夫。
2.“名词/不定代词/数词+of which/whom”引导的定语从句。
I read some books,the_cover_of_which are old.
我读了一些书,它们的封面是旧的。
There are forty students in our class in all,most_of_whom are from big cities.我们班上共有40名学生,其中大多数来自大城市。
【典例】Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.(2009·陕西卷)
A.of which B.with which
C.about which D.into which
解析 句中先行词是Gun control,关系词在从句中作介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth,故选C。句意:枪支的控制是很长时间以来美国人争论的话题。
答案 C
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
1.关系副词when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I remember the day when(=on which)I first met her.
我记得第一次遇见她的那天。
2.关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.
北京是我出生的地方。
3.关系副词why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer
这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗?
【典例】Life is like a long race________we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.(2009·重庆卷)
A.why B.what
C.that D.where
解析 句意:生活像长跑比赛,我们与其他人竞争以超越我们自己。先行词为race,代入定语从句后为:... we compete with others to go beyond ourselves in the long race.由此可见,race在定语从句中作状语,且表示地点,故选关系副词where。
答案 D
1.主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等引导。
That he suddenly fell ill made us surprised.
他突然病倒使我们挺吃惊的。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
2.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别。
what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that引导从句,不充当成分。
What you said yesterday is right.你昨天说的是对的。(what引导主语从句,作said的宾语)
That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着真是一件令人慰藉的事情。(that引导主语从句,不作任何成分,但不可省略)
3.主语从句若含有“是否”意义,其引导词只能用whether,不能用if。
Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question.他明天是否能来仍然是个问题。
4.有时为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
It is a shame that we should have lost such an important customer.真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。
【典例】It is still under discussion________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.(2011·重庆,22)
A.whether B.when
C.which D.where
解析 句意:那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。考查名词性从句。“It”作形式主语,“____the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether,“whether ... or not”在名词性从句中意为:是否。
答案 A
在复合句中充当谓语动词宾语或介词宾语的名词性从句称为宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样。
1.由关联词that引导的宾语从句。
由关联词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他说他非常喜欢下雨,下雨天他都不愿用伞。
2.由who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3.由whether或if引导的宾语从句,要保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”讲时,一般可以换用,但在下列情况下一般只能用whether, 不用if。
①引导的从句作介词宾语时。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
②从句后有or not时。
I wonder whether he will come or not.
我想知道他来还是不来。
③后接动词不定式时。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay
你能否告诉我是去还是留?
【典例】Many young people in the West are expected to leave________could be life's most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.(2009·江苏卷)
A.as B.that
C.which D.what
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:许多西方年轻人都把人生中最主要的决定——婚姻——几乎都归因为运气。what一词作从句的主语,并引导宾语从句,作动词leave的宾语。
答案 D
在复合句中放在系动词之后,作表语的从句称为表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。
1.表语从句的引导词主要有:that(不可省略),whether(不能换成if), what, who, which, how, why, when, where, whoever, wherever等。
The reason is that he missed the early bus.
原因是他错过了早班车。
The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
问题是我们是否可以在如此短的时间内做好准备。
That's just what I want.那正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
2.as if/as though, because, why引导表语从句。
It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。
This is why we missed the early bus.
这就是为什么我们错过了早班车。
That's because he got up late.
那是因为他起床晚了。
【典例】Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.(2010·北京卷)
A.what B.that
C.why D.whether
解析 that引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,且that不充当句子的任何成分。其他选项不合题意。
答案 B
在复合句中,同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导(that不能省略),可用于同位语从句的名词有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth,wish, word等。
The news that we won the game is exciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到玛丽可能生病了。
温馨提示:同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
在限制性定语从句中,关系代词that充当主语或宾语,有实际意义,作宾语时,可省略。同位语从句中的that是连词,不充当句子成分,没有任何意义,但不可省略。
The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句)我们在广播上听到的那个消息不是真的。
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句)
我们足球队赢得比赛的消息令人振奋。
【典例】News came from the school office________Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.(2009·四川卷)
A.which B.what
C.that D.where
解析 句中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容,由于把同位语从句后置了,所以很多考生因不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。
答案 C
1.when, while和as的用法
①when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。
When the film ended, the people went back.
电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。
②while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
别人在工作时,别高声谈话。
③as引导一个持续性动作,多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。
John sings as he works.约翰一边工作,一边唱歌。
2.as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ... 的用法
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”,从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
The moment she arrives, we can start.
她一到,我们就可以开始。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们一到车站火车就出发了。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
男孩一看到他的母亲就哭了。
3.till, until和not ... until的用法
①在肯定句中,主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止”。
You may stay here till/until the rain stops.
你得在这里呆到雨停。
②在否定句中,主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
He won't go to bed till(until)she returns.
直到她回来他才睡。
③not ... until句型中的强调和倒装说法。
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首,主句要倒装)
4.before和since的用法
①连词before表示“还未……就……”,“不到……就……”,“……才……”,“趁还没来得及时”。
Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
他们(还没)到火车站前,火车已经开走了。
We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。
②before的句型:It will be+时间段+before从句,表示“多久之后才……”。
It will be half a year before I come back.半年后我才回来。
It won't be long before we meet again.
不久后我们将再见面。
③since的句型:it is/has been+时间段+since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词,表示“自从……有多久”;若从句的谓语为延续性动词,表示“自从结束/完成……起有多久”。
It is three years since the war broke out.
战争爆发以来,有三年了。
It is three years since he lived here.
他不在这儿住已经有三年了。
5.every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time的用法
这些短语用来引导时间状语,表示“每当……”,“每次……;下次……”等。
Every time I meet her I always forget her name.
每次我见到她时,我总忘了她的名字。
Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来时,记住把你的儿子带来。
You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
你想回来随时可以回来。
【典例】Peter was so excited________he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.(2009·重庆卷)
A.where B.that
C.why D.when
解析 考查时间状语从句。句意:当他收到朋友参观重庆的邀请时,Peter很高兴。根据句意可知,此题应填when引导时间状语从句。
答案 D
【口诀巧记】
常用状语从句
状语从句三要点,
时间、原因和条件。
从句如果表时间,
when,after,before走在前。
状语从句表原因,
because前面来引导。
状语从句表条件,
if前面来引导。
主句通常前面走,
从句紧紧跟在后。
从句如在主句前,
从句之后加逗点。
地点状语从句:
1.地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.
无火不生烟(既无风不起浪)。
2.注意区分引导的定语从句与状语从句。
You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)
You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)
原因状语从句:
1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that等,每个连词的含义不尽相同。
Why are you absent from the meeting?Because I am ill.
你为什么没开会?因为我病了。
As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
因为天在下雨,我们将不去公园。
Now that/since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都到了,我们就开始我们的会议。
2.其他表示原因的方式
除了状语从句外,一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,这样的短语有:because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。
Because of the weather, we had to put off the sports meeting.由于天气,我们不得不推迟会议。
【典例】Today, we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.(2010·重庆卷)
A.when B.where
C.how D.what
解析 where在此引导地点状语从句。
答案 B
目的状语从句:
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。
1.in order that与so that
两个连词都意为“以便……,为了……”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词;in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
我将说慢点以便你能理解我。
In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出,我们很早就出发去山顶了。
2.for fear that, in case与lest这些从属连词本身带有否定意义,意为“以免,以防”,相当于so that ... not ... 或in order that ... not ...。
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
男孩躲在树后以免他的父亲看到他。
Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.
带上雨伞,以防下雨。
结果状语从句:
1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that, so ... that ..., such ... that ...。其结构形式为:
Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.=Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.迈克是一位如此诚实的工人以至于我们都信任他。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.他挣的钱如此少以至于不能养家。
试比较It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.这么小的虫子吃这么少的谷物并不令人感到惊讶。
2.除结果状语从句外,too ... to ..., enough to ..., so ... as to等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。
He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.=He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起得太晚了以至于没赶上公共汽车。
【典例】The police officers in our city work hard ________ the rest of us can live a safe life.(2011·上海,37)
A.in case B.as if
C.in order that D.only if
解析 句意:我们市里的警方官员们努力工作是为了让我们能过安全的生活。考查状语从句。A.以防;万一;B.好像;C.为了,以便于;D.只要。分析句意可知选C。
答案 C
【口诀巧记】
区别so...that和such...that的用法
名前such,形、副so,that从句跟在后;
多多少少必用so,特别注意是little;
“小”用such,“少”用so。
条件状语从句:
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if, unless, once, so(as)long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided that等。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.
除非你努力学习,否则你会考试不及格。
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心,你就会成功。
Suppose/supposing(that)they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help
如果他们拒绝了我们,我们能向谁求助呢?
方式状语从句:
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as, as if, as though等。
方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。
Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.
按照被告诉的方式去做,否则你会被解雇的。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
老妇人对待那个男孩就像是对待自己的孩子。
【典例】The medicine works more effectively________you drink some hot water after taking it.(2009·浙江卷)
A.as B.until
C.although D.if
解析 句意:如果你在服药后喝些热水,这种药能更有效地发挥作用。if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”,符合题意。as意为“当……时,因为”;until意为“到……为止”;although意为“尽管”,均不合题意。
答案 D
让步状语从句:
1.although/though, even though/if引导让步状语从句
although与though两者意思相同,一般可以互换,都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。
He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.
尽管他很有钱,但是他不幸福。
Even though/if it is raining, we'll go there.
即使天在下雨,我们也会去那儿。
2.as引导让步状语从句
as从句一般放在主句之前,用倒装语序。从句中的表语或状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词,前置时要省略冠词。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是孩子,他却懂得很多。
Much as I like it I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.
虽然我很喜欢,但我不会买的,因为它太贵了。
Try as he might, he could not find a job.
不管他怎样努力,他还是找不到工作。
3.疑问词+ever, no matter+疑问词与whether ... or ...引导让步状语从句
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
无论你信不信,它是真的。
Whatever(=no matter what)you say, he won't believe you.无论你说什么,他不会信你。
Whoever you are(=no matter who you are), you must obey the rules.无论你是谁,你必须服从这些规则。
比较状语从句:
比较状语从句常用than, so(as) ... as, the more ... the more等引导。
The film was not so(as)good as I had expected.
这部电影比我期望的差。
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙感到越开心。
【典例】Frank insisted that he was not asleep ________ I had great difficulty in waking him up.(2011·四川,4)
A.whether B.although
C.for D.so
解析 句意:尽管我费了好大周折才把Frank弄醒,他却坚持说自己没有睡着。考查状语从句。用though/although引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然”。A项是否;C项引导原因状语从句,D项引导并列句,表示“因此”,都不符合句意。
答案 B
【典例1】Animals suffered at the hands of Man________they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.
A.in which B.for which
C.so that D.in that
错因分析
根据句意,选D。考生很容易受思维定式影响,首先将选项D排除,认为英语中的介词in是不能与that连用的,进而做出了错误的选择。
归纳总结
在英语中,that能否与介词in连用是有条件限制的。在定语从句中, that为关系代词,不能与in等介词连用。而在此题中in that这个结构被称为复合从属连词,意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句,与because用法相近,后接从句。
【典例2】I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction________she had come.
A.of which B.by which
C.in which D.from which
错因分析
考查“介词+关系代词”形式的定语从句。考生易受思维定式的影响认为本题中的先行词为direction,通常与介词in搭配,表示“朝……方向”,进而误选C。
归纳总结
考生在做题时一定要注意,所选择的答案不但要符合语法规则,而且还要符合句意和逻辑。句意:在黑暗中我看到一名女子向我跑来。还没有等我看清楚她是谁,她就沿着原来的方向跑回去了。根据句意可知,应用介词from。故选D。
【典例】________was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A.It B.This
C.What D.As
错因分析
考生很容易误选D项,即认为是考查as引导位于句首的非限制性定语从句。
归纳总结
句中的she told me是插入成分,将其去掉后,可以看出 “________was most important to her” 是一个主语从句,在句中作主语,谓语动词为was,表语为her family。该主语从句缺少主语,因为it, this和as均不能引导名词性从句,故选项A、B和D均被排除。
【典例1】The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit________the season.
A.whatever B.wherever C.whenever D.however
【典例2】________hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A.Whatever B.Whenever
C.Wherever D.However
错因分析
对whatever与however引导的让步状语从句中的引导词的考查是历年高考中的常考点,考生因弄不清其区别常选错。
归纳总结
whatever与however的用法区别与感叹句中的what与how的区别类似。在让步状语从句中,引导词whatever修饰的中心词为名词,通常其后直接接名词;而引导词however修饰的中心词为形容词或副词,通常其后直接接形容词或副词。故典例1应选择whatever,相当于no matter what,其后用陈述语序,其完整形式为... whatever the season is。典例2应选择however,相当于no matter how,其后用陈述语序。
【典例1】Occasions are quite rare________I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A.who B.which
C.why D.when
错因分析
考查定语从句中关系词。先行词为 “occasions” ,意为“机会”。由于空格后的句子不缺少成分,故应填关系副词when,在定语从句中作状语,相当于on which,故选D。
归纳总结
英语中,为了避免“头重脚轻”现象(即避免主语过长)出现,常用it作形式主语、形式宾语或将主语中的从句置于句尾以平衡句子。
【典例2】A warm thought suddenly came to me________I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.
A.if B.when
C.that D.which
错因分析
选C。考生很容易误选A项或B项,认为应用when或if引导从句。但在本题中when或if引导时间状语从句或条件状语从句,虽然在语法结构上是成立的,但在逻辑上是不成立的。
归纳总结
空格处引导的从句是一个被suddenly came to me分隔开的同位语从句,对thought进行解释说明。为了避免“头重脚轻”现象,将从句置于句尾。由于空格后边的句子是一个成分不缺、意思完整的句子,故用只起连接作用而没有任何含义的连接词that引导。
【典例】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,________ are beyond our control.
A.most of them B.most of which
C.most of what D.most of that
错因分析
考查非限定性定语从句。考生很容易把它与并列句弄混,误选A项。由于在定语从句中关系代词that不能直接位于介词后;what不能用于定语从句,故选项C和D可以被排除。
归纳总结
判断句子是定语从句还是并列句,关键在于看题干中的横线前是否有并列连词and等,如果有,为并列句,那么A项为正确答案;反之B项为正确答案。本题中,由于无并列连词,故选B。
【典例1】________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might sound
【典例2】________, he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A.Try as he does B.As he tries
C.Try as does he D.As he does by
【典例3】________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A.A quiet student as he may be
B.Quiet student as he may be
C.Be a quiel student as he may
D.Quiet as he may be a student
错因分析
这几个题均是对as在异常语序中用法的考查,是高考英语试题中的中难度题,应引起考生的高度重视。
归纳总结
1.D 2.A 3.B
as用于异常语序结构时,表示让步关系,意为“尽管”,通常
用于以下几种结构:
(1)adj./adv.+as+主语+谓语。
①Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.虽然我已经去过很多地方,但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。
②Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the driving test.
虽然他很努力,但他没有能够通过驾驶员考试。
(2)可数名词单数+as+主语+谓语。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他还是一个孩子,但他却懂很多。
(3)实义动词+as+主语+助动词(do的适当形式)或情态动词。
Try as he might, he never succeeds.
尽管他很努力,但从未成功过。
这种结构可以转换为由though或although引导的正常语序的让步状语从句。
【典例】________is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A.It B.As
C.That D.What
错因分析
本题是一道特别经典的试题,经过不同的变形,四个选项都有可能成为答案,因而考生极易出错。本题选择B项,as引导位于句首的非限定性定语从句,指代 “talks ... progress” 这句话的内容。
归纳总结
(1)若将原题改为:________is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.那么答案为A项。 “It” 在句中作形式主语,指代that从句,以避免出现“头重脚轻”现象。
(2)若将原题改为:________is reported in the newspapers is that talks between the two countries are making progress.那么答案为D项。 “What ... newspapers” 是一个主语从句,在句中作主语;句子的谓语动词为is,题中的 “that ... progress” 是一个表语从句。
(3)若将原题改为:________talks between the two countries are making progress is reported in the newspapers.那么,此时的答案为C项。此时 “That ... progress” 是一个主语从句,在句中作主语。
单击此处进入 实战过关演练(共35张PPT)
动词与动词短语
1.The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to ________ it.(2011·浙江,6)
A.make the best of B.get away from
C.keep an eye on D.catch up with
解析 句意:该校并不是我真正想去的学校,但我还是想充分利用它。考查动词词组辨析。make the best of充分利用;get away from离开、逃脱;keep an eye on密切注意;catch up with赶上。根据句意,选A项。
答案 A
2.William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to ________.(2011·课标卷·全国Ⅰ,34)
A.disappear   B.fall
C.fail D.damage
解析 句意:因为William视力开始下降,他发现阅读越来越困难。考查动词辨析。A项消失,不见;B项倒下,落下;C项失败;(健康、视力的)衰退;D项损坏,毁坏。这里指视力下降,故选C项。
答案 C
3.You can't predict everything.Often things don't ________ as you expect.(2011·江西,35)
A.run out B.break out
C.work out D.put out
解析 句意:你不可能预测所有事情,通常事情并不像你所料想的那样发展。考查动词词组辨析。work out成功地发展;run out跑出,用完;break out突然爆发;put out扑灭,生产。
答案 C
4.Some insects ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.(2011·陕西,25)
A.take in B.take off
C.take on D.take out
解析 句意:有些昆虫呈现它们周围环境的颜色来保护自己。考查动词短语辨析。take in吸收,收留,欺骗;take off脱下,起飞,腾飞;take on呈现;take out拿出。根据句意选择C项。
答案 C
5.The government has taken measures to ________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.(2011·湖北,29)
A.take down B.bring down
C.hand down D.tear down
解析 句意:政府已经采取措施,以降低日常商品的高昂价格以保持市场稳定。考查动词短语辨析。这里用bring down表示“降低(价格等)”,还可以表示“打倒,打落;使(飞行器)着陆/落下”。其他动词短语的主要含义:A项拆卸,写下;C项传递下去;D项拆除,拆掉。
答案 B
点考向一 使役动词
常见的使役动词have, make, get, let的用法:
1.have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth
此结构表示“让某人干某事”。
The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.
放学后老师让一些学生仍呆在教室里。
温馨提示:make如果是被动语态时后面要用带to的不定式。
He was made to work day and night.他被迫日夜工作。
2.have/make/get sth (sb) done
此结构表示“让……被做”。过去分词充当宾语补足语,宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。
She has/gets/makes her hair cut once a month.
她每月理一次头发。
3.have sth/sb doing sth
此结构表示“让(使)某人一直做某事”或“让(使)某物处于某种状态”。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯亮了一整夜。
【典例】—You look upset.What's the matter
—I had my proposal ________ again.(2011·江苏,30)
A.turned over       B.turned on
C.turned off D.turned down
解析 句意:——你看上去不高兴,怎么了?——我的建议又被拒绝了。考查动词短语辨析。turn down拒绝,故选择D项。turn over颠倒,倾覆;turn on打开;turn off关掉。
答案 D
热点考向二 连系动词
英语中系动词主要分为三种:
1.状态及表像系动词。
be, appear, seem, look, feel, taste, sound, smell等。
He is a great scientist.他是一位伟大的科学家。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来软软的。
He appears a normal person.他看起来是一个正常的人。
2.持续系动词。
remain, keep, stay, lie, stand等。
He always keeps silent at meetings.他开会时总保持沉默。
The weather still remained cold in April.
四月的天气仍然很冷。
He stayed single all his life.他打了一辈子的光棍。
3.变化系动词。
become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come, run等。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就变得富有了。
He became famous as a writer.他成了著名作家。
His face went red with anger.他气得满脸通红。
【典例】Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what ________ nice.(2010·四川卷)
A.looks B.smells
C.feels D.tastes
解析 考查动词的辨析。look为系动词,意为“看起来”。句意:有些人用眼睛选择东西吃,他们喜欢点看起来好的菜。smell“闻起来”;feel“感觉起来”;taste“尝起来”。
答案 A
英语中一些动词虽然词形相近,但意义不同。
1.动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。
adapt意为“改编,(使)适应”,常用结构为adapt (oneself) to ...或be adapted to表示“改变自己以适应……”。
adjust意为“调整,调节,使适合”,常用结构为adjust (oneself) to ...表示“适应……”。
adopt意为“收养,领养;采用”。
2.动词arouse, arise, rise, raise的用法比较。
arouse意为“引起,激起;唤醒”。
arise不及物动词,意为“发生,产生”。
rise不及物动词,意为“上升,上涨”。
raise及物动词,意为“抬高,举起,饲养,提出,筹集”。
3.动词acquire, require, request的用法比较。
acquire及物动词,意为“(通过努力)取得,获得,学到”,其名词形式为acquirement。
require及物动词,意为“需要,命令”,其名词形式为requirement。
request及物动词,意为“请求,要求”,其名词形式仍为request。
4.动词expose, export, explode, explore的用法比较。
expose意为“使暴露,使曝光,使遭受”,常用结构为expose sb/sth to表示“使……暴露于或遭受……;使……接触……”。
export意为“出口,输出”。
explode不及物动词,意为“爆炸”。
explore意为“探索,探测”。
5.动词lay,lie的用法比较。
lay→laid→laid→laying放;下(蛋)
lie→lay→lain→lying躺
lie→lied→lied→lying说谎
【典例】The good thing about the children is that they ________ very easily to new environments.(2009·浙江卷)
A.adapt B.appeal
C.attach D.apply
解析 考查动词的辨析。句意:作为孩子的好处是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to意为“适应”,符合语境。appeal to意为“呼吁”;attach to意为“附属于”;apply to意为“应用”。
答案 A
【口诀巧记】
“一二三四”法——巧记一类动词
一坚持insist;
二命令order,command;
三建议suggest,propose,advise;
四要求demand,require,request,ask
上述动词后接that引导的宾语从句时,从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。
英语中有些词义相近的动词,同学们需认真辨析。
1.动词see, look, watch, notice, stare的用法比较。
see意为“看见,观看(电影),领会,察觉”。 look不及物动词,表示看的动作。
watch意为“仔细看,观看(比赛等),注视,当心”。 notice意为“注意到”。
stare表示“长久地、有意地、目不转睛地看”。
2.动词seat, sit的用法比较。
seat及物动词,表示“(使)就座,可坐(多少人)”,常用结构seat sb或be seated。
sit不及物动词,表示“坐”这一动作。
3.动词win, beat, defeat的用法比较。
win作为“胜利,赢”讲时,后面应接a game, a battle, a contest, a race,但不能接人;如果接人则表示“说服,赢得某人支持”。
beat意为“击败,胜过”,后接对手。defeat一般意为“战胜,打败”,还可以表示“把某人难住”。
4.动词cost, spend, take, pay的用法比较。
cost作“花费”讲时,主语不能是人,通常是事物(包括形式主语it)。
spend意为“花费”,主语通常是人。句式:spend on sth/in doing sth
take作“花费”讲时,主语可以是物,也可以是人。常用句式It takes sb some time to do sth
pay意为“支付,付款”,主语一般是人,宾语是金钱也可以是人。短语pay for付……,为……付出代价
5.动词speak, say, talk, tell的用法比较。
speak一般用作不及物动词,但speak后接语言名词时则用作及物动词。
say及物动词,表示“说,讲”,还可表示“(书信、便条、海报上)写着……”。
talk多用作不及物动词。作“交谈,谈论”讲时,常与介词连用。
tell作“告诉,讲述,吩咐”讲时,常接双宾语,但表示“讲实话,说谎,显示时间”等时,后接单宾语。
【典例】—In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can't agree more.It's great to have the two ________.(2010·福建)
A.linked B.related
C.connected D.combined
解析 句意:——在当今时代,妇女既要带孩子还要工作。——我完全赞成,把两者结合起来,太棒了。考查动词词义辨析。link指将两事物相连接;relate指将两事物联系起来;connect也指将两事物相连接或联系;combine—do(two or more things)at the same time or have(two or more different qualities)as a characteristic同时做(不止一件事),兼有(不止一种)特性。又如:combine business with pleasure寓工作于娱乐之中。
答案 D
含有相同动词的高频动词短语:
1.get短语
get through get in get over get on  get round get about get across get along/on(with) get down get down to get back get out get together
2.give的短语
give away give out give off give up give in
3.come的短语
come about come across come along come up come up with come true come on come out come to
4.put的短语
put aside put away put down put forward put off put on put out put up put up with
5.take的短语
take apart take away take down take for take in take off take on take over take to take up
6.look的短语
look after look out look back look down on/upon look for look forward to look into look on look over look through look up
7.break的短语
break away break down break into break off break out break through break up
【典例】I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't ________.(2009·全国Ⅰ卷)
A.get along B.get on
C.get to D.get through
解析 考查动词短语的辨析。句意:我尝试给她的办公室打电话,但打不通。根据句意可知,应填get through,意为“打通电话”。get along和get on都意为“相处,进展”;get to意为“到达”。
答案 D
【口诀巧记】
10个短暂性动词
开始离去,借来还,
参加人死,买到家。
诠释:10个动词为:begin,leave,go,borrow,eome,return,join,die,buy,arrive。
含有相同介词或副词的高频动词短语:
1.动词+out
turn out point out pick out figure out burst out bring out carry out set out make out leave out keep out work out run out check out go out
2.动词+up
bring up stay up eat up tear up use up draw up hang up hold up clear up grow up set up pick up turn up
3.动词+off
start off set off leave off show off see sb off fall off keep off carry off pay off
4.动词+back
keep back hold back put back give back call back take back
5.动词+away
throw away blow away carry away clear away die away pass away wash away send away turn away
【典例】Practising Chinese kung fu can not only ________ one's strength, but also develop one's character.(2009·浙江卷)
A.bring up B.take up
C.build up D.pull up
解析 句意:练中国功夫不仅能增加体力,还能培养性格。固定短语build up one's strength意为“增强某人的体力”,build up意为“增加”,符合题意。bring up意为“抚养,养育;提出;呕吐”,take up意为“从事;占据(时间、空间等)”;pull up意为“(车辆)停车;拔起”,均不符合句意。
答案 C
【典例】No matter how much you've learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must ________ the people heart and soul.
A.serve B.serve for
C.serve to D.serve on
错因分析
容易误选B,即逐字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”,将其中的“为”译为for。“为人民服务”应为serve the people。故答案选A。
归纳总结
serve意为“为……服务”,可直接用作及物动词,其后不能按汉语意思误加介词for。请看以下类似例子:
(1)I ________ you yesterday, but you weren't in.
A.rang B.rang to
C.rang with D.rang to
选A。ring可以用作及物动词,表示“给……打电话”,故其后不用介词。
(2)Neither of her parents wanted her to ________ her cousin.
A.marry B.marry to
C.marry with D.marry for
选A。marry可用作及物或不及物动词,用作及物动词时它的意思是“与……结婚”,而不仅仅是“结婚”,也就是说,后接宾语时,无需用介词to,with等。
【典例】I think your health will soon ________ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
A.give up B.pick up
C.take up D.get up
错因分析
选B。pick up意为“恢复”。3个干扰项均容易误选。
归纳总结
pick up的意思很多,其中一个用法是表示“恢复,改进,改善”。
The weather may pick up.天气会好转的。
Business is picking up again.生意又有所好转。
除此之外还可表示“拿起,捡起;收拾,整理;学会,获得;(用车)来接,去取;重新开始,继续;感染(疾病、坏习惯等)”等。
其他几个选项的意思分别为:give up意为“放弃”;take up意为“开始(学习或从事等),继续,占去,接纳,提出”;get up意为“起床”。
单击此处进入 实战过关演练(共36张PPT)
介词与介词短语
1.I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy _______________the past couple of weeks.(2011·山东,30)
A.beyond B.with
C.among D.over
解析 句意:对不起,我没有给你打电话,但是在过去的两周里我一直非常忙。考查介词用法。A项意为“远于,超过”;B项意为“有,用,以”;C项意为“在……之中”;D项意为“在……正上方,越过……,贯穿(一时间段),在……期间”。over the past couple of weeks在过去的两周里,是常用搭配。
答案 D
2.Nick, it's good for you to read some books ________ China before you start your trip there.(2011·四川,8)
A.in B.for
C.of D.on
解析 句意:Nick,在你到中国旅游之前,读一些关于中国的书对你有好处。考查介词辨析。这里用介词on表示“关于(人或事)”,即on sth/sb,如:a book on South Africa一本关于南非的书。
答案 D
3.We'd better discuss everything ________ before we work out the plan.(2011·江苏,32)
A.in detail B.in general
C.on purpose D.on time
解析 句意:在我们制订计划之前我们最好先详细讨论事情的各个方面。考查介词短语。in detail详细地,符合句意。in general总的来说,一般而言;on purpose故意地;on time按时。
答案 A
4.________ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.(2011·福建,22)
A.Far from B.Apart from
C.Instead of D.Regardless of
解析 句意:除了良好的服务,饭店还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。考查介词短语的辨析。apart from除了;far from完全不;instead of代替,而不是;regardless of不管,不顾。根据句意可知,选B项。
答案 B
5.Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems.(2011·安徽,25)
A.in B.to
C.on D.after
解析 句意:有时候,解决食品安全问题的好办法并不难找到。考查介词用法。answer需与to连用,意为“……的答案;……的解决办法”,故选B项。
答案 B
方位介词的基本用法:
1.at和in的区别
at指较小的地方。
We'll meet each other at the gate.我们将在门口见面。
in指较大的地方。
Mr Wang has worked in London for ten years.
王先生已经在伦敦工作10年了。
2.in, to, on用在方位名词前的区别
in表示在某一范围之内。
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
江苏位于中国的东部。
to表示在某一范围之外。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。
on表示两地接壤。
Mongolia lies on the north of China.
蒙古在中国的北面。
3.between和among的区别
between表示两者之间。
This secret is only between you and me.
这是你我之间的秘密。
among表示三者或三者以上的同类事物之间。
Robert was the only person among them who had ridden the horse.罗伯特是他们中唯一骑过马的人。
4.along, across, through的区别
along表示“沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动”。
I walked along the river.我沿着河边走。
across表示“从……的一边到另一边”,强调横过。
I walked across the square.我走过广场。
through侧重从一端穿到另一端。
I walked through the woods.我散步穿过树林。
【典例】Four Chinese models were ________ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.(2009·上海卷)
A.among B.between
C.along D.beside
解析 考查介词的用法。among表示“三者或三者以上的同类事物之间”;between表示“在两者之间”;along表示“沿着”;beside表示“在……旁边”。根据题干中“在获奖的14个人里边,中国模特占4人”可知,选A项。
答案 A
【图解方位介词】
at, in, on, by
at ①表示时间点、时刻等。
at 10:00, at noon, at midnight, at sunrise
②表示较短暂的一段时间或被认为是标志大事的节日。
at Christmas
in ①用于世纪、朝代、年代、月、季节或泛指上午、下午、傍晚等一段时间的名词前。
in the 1990s, in Tang Dynasty, in October, in September, in the morning
②表示在一段时间之后。
I'll be back in three hours.我将在三小时之后回来。
on 表示具体的某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上等。
on September 2nd, on a sunny day, on the morning of May 1st
by ①表示“不迟于,在……前”。
We'll have finished the work by ten o'clock tomorrow.
我们在明天十点之前就会完成工作。
②表示“在……期间,在……时间内”。
He worked by day and slept by night.
他白天工作,夜里睡觉。
【典例】He invited me to a dance after the show ________ Christmas Eve.(2009·陕西卷)
A.at B.on
C.in D.by
解析 考查介词的用法。at Christmas表示在圣诞期间;介词on后接具体的某一天。此处表示在圣诞节前夕,故用介词on。
答案 B
1.by, in, on三词都可以表示旅行的方式。
by ①by与某些不涉及交通工具的名词连用,表示交通方式,名词前不带冠词。
by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air
②by与某些交通工具名词连用,但名词须用单数,其前不加冠词或任何修饰语。
by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship
in/on当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通时,用in或on,名词前用冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰。
in this plane, in a car, on an early train, on my bike, on the horse
2.with, by, in三词均可表示“用”,表示行为的方式、手段或使用的工具。
with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
They are digging with a spade.他们正在用铲子挖。
We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看东西。
by/in多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。
by hand, in ink, in English
温馨提示:表达“用……方式”的介词短语有:
in this/that/the same way by means of, by this/that means with this/that method
【典例】A great man shows his greatness ________ the way he treats little men.(福建卷)
A.under B.with
C.on D.by
解析 句意:伟人的伟大之处往往体现在他对待小人物的方式。介词by表示“通过……方式”。way一般不与介词under或with连用;on the way意为“在路上,在途中”,不符合题意。
答案 D
介词with的用法主要有:
1.表示“和……在一起”,“由……陪同”或“有……在场”。
The students went to the farm with their teachers.
学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。
2.表示“随着……”。
With time passing, they have grown into big boys and big girls.随着时间的流逝,他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。
3.with后面加复合宾语,说明附带情况。
He likes to sleep with the windows open.
他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
4.表示“具有;带有;包括……在内”。
China is a country with a long history.
中国是个历史悠久的国家。
5.表示原因或理由。
The little girl was trembling with fear.
这个小女孩吓得发抖。
【典例】________ the crisis of economy getting more and more serious, the government is searching for ways to improve people's life.(2011·扬州调研)
A.As B.With
C.When D.If
解析 句意:随着经济危机变得越来越严重,政府正在想方设法改善人们的生活。这里the crisis of economy getting more and more serious是一个短语,所以应该用介词with,表示伴随;而as, when和if后面都要跟句子。
答案 B
介词by的用法包括:
1.指人体或物体的某一部分。
He seized me by the arm.他抓住了我的胳膊。
2.表示“由于……的结果”。
He succeeded by hard work.
他由于努力工作而成功。
3.表示“到……程度,以……幅度”。
We lost the match by one goal.
我们以一分之差输掉了那场比赛。
4.表示买卖东西所用以计算的数或量,或付报酬所用以计算的时间。
Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, eggs by the dozen.牛奶论品脱卖,黄油论磅卖,蛋类论打卖。
5.表示“按照……,根据……”。
By my watch, the time is half past ten.
按我的手表显示,现在是十点半。
【典例】Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not case number.(2010·江西)
A.of B.as
C.by D.with
解析 句意:如今一些医院以名字来叫病人,而不是以病历号。考查固定短语。by表“方式”。A:表示所属关系;B:作为;D:用,后面加所用的工具。
答案 C
英语中表示包括或排除的介词有but, except, except for, besides, apart from等。
but/except表示“除……之外”,其后的宾语是被排除在外的。
Nobody except/but John knows about the thing well.
只有约翰非常了解这件事。
besides表示“除……之外还有……”,其后的宾语是包括在内的。
Many students went to the park besides me.
除了我之外还有很多学生也去了公园。
except for表示对整体说明作细节修正,即对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定。
His composition is very good except for a few grammar mistakes.他的作文非常好,只有几处语法错误。
apart from①表示排除意义时,相当于except。②表示包括意义时,相当于besides。
We all passed the exam apart from Tom.
除了汤姆之外,我们都及格了。
Apart from the cost,I haven't the time to go.
除了付不起费用之外,我也没时间。
【典例】—Can we fix a time for the party
—We can't have the party ______ none of us have any classes.(2011·成都五校联盟三模)
A.except B.except for
C.except when D.except that
解析 句意:——我们能定下聚会的时间吗?——我们必须要定在我们都没有课的时间聚会。except for后加名词、代词,不能直接加句子,故被排除;except后可加that引导的宾语从句,也可加when引导的时间状语从句,但不能省略that或when,故排除A项;根据句意可知设空处应为表时间的连词,故选C项。
答案 C
英语中常见的“in+名词+of”短语有:
in favour of同意,赞成
Are you in favour of the opinion?你赞成这个观点吗?
in honour of为纪念,为庆祝
This monument was built in honour of the Queen.
这座纪念碑是为了纪念女王而建的。
in face of面对
Don't lose heart in face of difficulty.
在困难面前不要丧失信心。
in need of需要
He is in need of help.他需要帮助。
in search of寻找
He went to the south in search of better prospects.
为了寻找更好的前途,他去了南方。
in memory of为纪念
She set up an educational fund in memory of her mother.
为了纪念她的母亲,她设立了一个教育基金。
in charge of负责
Are you in charge of visas
您是负责签证的吗?
in view of由于,鉴于
In view of our long standing relationship, we agree to allow you a discount.
考虑到我们长期的关系,我方同意给你方折扣。
in terms of在……方面
In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
就钱来说他很富有,但就幸福来说就不然了。
in spite of尽管
I went out in spite of the rain.尽管下雨我仍外出了。
in case of如果,万一
In case of rain they can't go.
万一下雨,他们就不能去了。
【典例】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men.(2011·湖北,30)
A.in terms of B.in need of
C.in favor of D.in praise of
解析 句意:在被问到他们对校长的看法时,很多老师说他们宁愿看到他让贤于更年轻的人。考查介词短语辨析。句中的step aside表示“让位,让开”,后面接介词短语in favor of表示这些老师更赞成起用更年轻的人。A就……而言;B需要;D表扬,称赞。
答案 C
【典例】—You went late ________ the stadium yesterday evening, didn't you
—Yes, my wife was a little late ________ the supper.
A.to;with B.for;with
C.for;for D.at;for
错因分析
容易误选B或D。第一空填to比较好理解,因为此处的late为副词,用以修饰went to the stadium中的动词went;而第二句的with是许多同学不容易想到的,相反,更多地可能是想到for。故答案选A。
归纳总结
be late for表示做某事迟到,而be late with表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比较:
We were late for dinner.我们吃饭迟到了。
We were late with dinner[in having dinner].
我们吃饭吃得迟。
句中my wife was a little late with the supper的意思是“我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点”。
考查对“介词+名词+介词”短语的辨析
【典例1】More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.(2010·福建)
A.in search of B.in place of
C.for lack of D.for fear of
解析 介词+名词+介词短语多由in和for开头,常见的有in favour of(赞成),in honour of(为了纪念,为向……表示敬意,为庆祝),for fear of(以免)等,如上题,for lack of(由于缺乏),选C。
答案 C
考查“介词+名词”短语的语意辨析
【典例2】We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and ________, dogs give us their all.(2010·江西)
A.in all B.in fact
C.in short D.in return
解析 介词+名词的构成的固定短语也是高考的常考点,因此,熟记介词短语的意义是辨析语意的关键。常见的介词短语主要由by, for, in, on等活跃介词+名词构成,如by chance/accident(偶然),on purpose(故意),in return(反过来),选D。
答案 D
单击此处进入 实战过关演练(共40张PPT)
情态动词
1.They________have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.(2011·课标卷·全国Ⅰ,32)
A.will B.can
C.must D.should
解析 句意:他们本应该午餐时间到达,可是他们的飞机晚点了。考查情态动词。can用在疑问句和否定句中,意为:可能;must have done表示推测,意为:一定做过;should have done表示(过去)本应该做而没做。根据句意可知选D项。
答案 D
2.It________be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock.(2011·江西,23)
A.mustn't B.can't
C.won't D.needn't
解析 句意:门外不可能是邮递员,现在才六点。考查情态动词。mustn't不可以,禁止;can't不可能;won't不愿意;needn't不必。根据句意可知选B项。
答案 B
3.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now
—I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.(2011·福建,25)
A.will B.must
C.may D.can
解析 句意:——我该马上通知他日程改了吗?——我想你必须(通知他),以免他开会迟到。考查情态动词。must必须;will愿意,将要;may可以;can能。根据句意可知,选B项。
答案 B
4.—How's your new babysitter
—We________ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.(2011·浙江,11)
A.should B.might
C.mustn't D.couldn't
解析 句意:——你家的新保姆怎么样?——我们再不可能找到比这个更好的保姆了,所有的孩子都非常喜欢她。考查情态动词。should应当;might也许;mustn't禁止,不允许;couldn't不可能。couldn't ask for a better one意为“找不到更好的”,符合题意。
答案 D
5.—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back!I mean, someone________it.(2011·江苏,34)
A.will have stolen
B.might have stolen
C.should have stolen
D.must have stolen
解析 句意:——我把手提包落在火车上了,不过,幸运的是,有人把它交给了乘警。——把包拿回来是多么不可思议啊!我的意思是,有人可能偷了你的包。考查情态动词。will have stolen为将来完成时,而此事已经过去,故被排除。might have stolen可能已经偷了,符合语境,故选B项。should have stolen表示本应该偷而事实上却没有;must have stolen表示肯定偷了,均不符合题意。
答案 B
热点考向一 情态动词表示推测
表示可能性的层次比较:
词语 肯定式 否定式 疑问式
must 必定,必然 / /
should 说话者有较大的试探性 / /
ought to 说话者有较大的试探性(含义同should) / /
can 有时候可能 不可能 有可能吗?
could 可疑的可能 不可能 语气比
can弱
may 或许,也许,也说不定 可能不 /
might 比may还弱 比may not还弱 /
温馨提示:①must常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句;can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句和疑问句中。
②would, could, should, might不一定与过去时间有关,而是表示可能性弱于与他们相应的现在时形式。
③should/ought to表示推测时,表示确定或可能性大的期望,即合乎理想的情况或结果。
【典例】It________have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.(2009·上海卷)
A.may B.can
C.must D.should
解析 句意:一定是汤姆把车停在这里的,因为只有他有车。根据后半句as he is the only one with a car可知,此句表达的是非常肯定的推测。must have done表示“(过去)一定做了某事”。A、B两项表示并非十分肯定的推测;should have done表示“本应该做某事而实际未做”。
答案 C
热点考向二 情态动词表示请求、 允许、允诺
英语中表示请求、允许和允诺的情态动词通常有:can, may, could, might, shall, will和would等。
1.Can I ...?,May I ...?, Could I ...?和Might I ...?都可以表示征询听话人的许可。
—Could I use your bike tomorrow
——明天我可以用一下你的自行车吗?
—Yes, you can.(No, I'm afraid not.)
——可以的。(恐怕不行。)
温馨提示:此处could, might不表示过去,而是表示更委婉的语气。肯定回答一般用Yes, please/Sure(Certainly/Of course),you can(may).,不能用could和might。否定回答一般用mustn't或cannot,也可用may not, had better not,或者直接用No, I'm afraid not.
2.Will/Would you ...?表示请求。would表示更客气,有时也用Won't you ...?意为“……好吗?”“要不要……”。
Will you close the window?请你把窗户关上好吗?
Won't you drink some more coffee
要不要再来一点咖啡?
3.shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中时表示征求意见。
Shall I get you some tea?我给你倒点茶好吗?
Shall the boy wait outside
让那男孩在外面等好吗?
4.shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句时,往往表示给对方(you)或第三者( he, she, they )以允诺、命令、决心、警告或威胁等,在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。
You shall get a birthday present.
你会得到生日礼物的。(允诺)
You shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.
有一天你会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告)
Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling.旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证。(规定)
【典例】—Will you read me a story, Mummy
—OK.You________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2011·陕西,24)
A.might  B.must  C.could  D.shall
解析 句意:——妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗?——好,如果你尽快上床睡觉,我就给你讲一个。考查情态动词。shall在此处表示“允诺”,故选择D项。
答案 D
热点考向三 情态动词表示必要性
表示“必要性”的情态动词通常有:must, should, ought to, have to。
1.ought to与should意思大体相同,但ought to语气比should重,往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。
You are his father and ought to take care of him.
你是他父亲,应当照顾他。(有责任,从道义上应该)
Young people should show respect to the old.
年轻人应该尊重老年人。
2.have to表示“必须,不得不”,这个意义与must很接近,但must表示主观意志,而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。
I told her that she must give up smoking.
我叫她必须戒烟。
I have to hand in my term paper before 5:00 p.m. today.
我必须今天下午5点前交学期论文。
【典例】—I don't care what people think.
—Well, you________.(2009·四川卷)
A.could B.would
C.should D.might
解析 句意:——我不介意别人怎么想。——噢,你应该那么做。根据语境可知,应选should,意为“应该”,表示一种建议,劝说。
答案 C
热点考向四 情态动词表示能力
表示“能力”的情态动词有:can, could, be able to。
1.情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在时can和过去式could, 而be able to有多种时态形式。
Mary can play the piano.She has been able to play it since she was five.玛丽会弹钢琴,她5岁起就会弹了。
2.表示过去能力时,was/were able to表示经过一番努力后取得了成功。相当于manage to do或succeed in doing,而could没有这个含义。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.
昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
【典例】The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone________get out.(全国卷)
A.had to B.would
C.was able to D.could
解析 考查could和was able to的区别。could表示有某种能力;was able to表示经过努力能够做到,强调成功。句意:大火很快蔓延了整个宾馆,但是大家都成功地离开了。根据语境可知,强调成功地逃出,故选C。
答案 C
热点考向五 “情态动词+have done”
的用法
“情态动词+have done”的常见用法包括:
1.must have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can't/cannot have done。
It must have rained last night, for the road was quite wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。
I saw Mr Wang just now.He couldn't have gone abroad.
刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。
温馨提示:could have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。
You could have made greater progress, but you didn't try your best.你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。
2.may/might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为:may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。
It's no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else.去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。
3.should/ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done表示本不该做某事却做了。
With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.所有的工作都做完了,我昨晚本该去参加宴会的。
You ought not to have made fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.你本不应该取笑他的。他不是你要嘲笑的人而是你应该学习的榜样。
4.needn't have done表示本没有必要做某事却做了,多用于否定句中。
You needn't have waken me up;I don't have to go to work today.你本不必叫醒我的;我今天不上班。
注意:needn't do表示“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来。
You needn't telephone him now, for he isn't at home.
你现在不必打电话给他,因为他不在家。
【典例】Mark________have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.(2010·天津卷)
A.needn't B.wouldn't
C.mustn't D.couldn't
解析 考查“情态动词+have done”的用法。needn't have done表示“本来不必要做但已经做了”,符合语境。must have done只能用于肯定句中;couldn't have done表示“本不可能但已经做了某事”。
答案 A
热点考向六 情态动词的其他用法
情态动词的其他用法主要有:
1.情态动词need和dare的用法。
①need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无人称和数的变化,疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。
Need I telephone him now
需要我现在打电话给他吗?
She dare not go out alone at night.
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
②need和dare用于实义动词时,有词形变化。变成否定句、疑问句时,要加助动词。
You don't need to do it yourself.
你不必亲自做这件事。
We should dare to give our own opinion.
我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
2.几个可以表示某一特定的语气或态度的情态动词
①can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
How can you be so careless?你怎么这么粗心?
②must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感彩,意为“偏要,硬要”。
Why must you be so late
你为何非要这么晚来呢?
③may表示愿望、祝福时,有“但愿,祝……”之意。
May you succeed!祝你成功!
④should表示惊讶,不以为然等情绪,用于某些句型中,多译为“竟然”。
It seems unfair that this should happen to me.
这种事情竟然发生在我的身上,好像不公平。
⑤will的用法
will表示“意愿,意志”,would表示过去时间的“意愿、意志”。will还可以表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“总会,老是”,其否定结构意为“不肯,不能”。
I will do anything for you.我愿意为你做任何事。
The door won't open.这门打不开。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.每次遇到麻烦她都会向他求助。
3.情态动词的一些习惯用法
①cannot/can never ... too或cannot ... enough表示“无论怎么……也不过分;越……越好”。
You cannot be too careful.你越细心越好。
②cannot help doing ... /cannot help but do ... /cannot but do ...表示“禁不住;不得不”。
I couldn't help jumping up when I saw him.
一看到他我情不自禁地跳了起来。
I cannot but admire his bravery.
我不得不佩服他的勇敢。
③“may/might as well+动词原形”表示“还不如,不妨”,相当于had better。
It is very late, so you may/might as well go to bed.夜深了,不妨去睡吧。
【典例】If you________go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2011·辽宁,21)
A.can B.may
C.must D.will
解析 句意:如果你偏要走,至少要等到暴风雨停了。考查情态动词的用法。If you must do sth为固定用法,意为:如果你偏要做某事。can用于肯定句表示理论上的可能或表示能力;may可以,可能;will愿意。
答案 C
【口诀巧记】
猜测时间要分清,
现在、进行和过去,
动词形式要牢记;
现在或现在进行,
肯定两者皆可行,
否定疑问只用can;
但是过去要注意,
肯定只用must,
否定疑问只用can。
【典例】What a pity!Considering his ability and experience, he________better.
A.need have done B.must have done
C.can have done D.might have done
错因分析
考生有可能误选B项或C项。先从选项入手,选项A和C均不能用在肯定句中,首先被排除。must have done结构表示对过去已经发生的事情进行推测,意为“一定做了……”;might have done结构表示过去本有可能发生某事,但实际上并未发生,是一种虚拟表达。分析句意可知,只有D项正确。
归纳总结
情态动词+have done结构是英语中的常考热点,现将相关内容归纳如下:
(1)could have done结构有两种用法:①表示“过去本来能够或有可能做某事,但实际上却并没有做”,该种用法用在肯定句中;②表示对过去可能发生的事情进行推测,意为“(过去)可能……”,其否定形式couldn't have done结构意为“(过去)不可能……”。
(2)should/ought to have done结构表示“本来应该做……但实际上未做”。它们的否定形式shouldn't/ought not to have done结构表示“本不应该做某事,但实际上却做了”。
(3)needn't have done结构表示“本来没有必要去做某事,但实际上却做了”。另外,考生还要掌握didn't need to do sth结构的用法,它表示“(过去)没有必要去做某事(实际上也未去做)”。
(4)must have done结构用于对过去情况的肯定推测,表示“(过去)一定/准是做了某事”。
(5)may/might have done结构中,当表示对过去已经发生的事情进行推测时,意为“(过去)或许已经……”,这二者可以通用,只是用may时的语气强一些。它们的否定结构may/might not have done意为“(过去)或许还
没有……”。另外,还要了解might have done结构还可以表示虚拟,意为“(过去)本来可能做某事,但实际上却没有做”。
【典例1】Peter________be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.(辽宁卷)
A.shall B.should
C.can D.must
错因分析
考生容易误选A项。shall用于第二、三人称多表示“允诺、命令、警告、威胁”等含义,should多表示“应该”,must多表示“必须”,这三个含义用在本题中均不合适。选项C中的情态动词can除了表示能力,意为“能够”时还可以表示“(有时)可能”的含义,这是can的一个很重要的用法,就选C。
归纳总结
情态动词can在高考英语中的出现率很高,它的其他常考用法如下:
can可以表示能力,表示客观的可能性,表示请示和允许,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度,主要用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。用于肯定句表推测时,指理论上的可能性,并不涉及是否真的发生。
【典例2】—I think I'll give Bob a ring.
—You________.You haven't been in touch with him for ages.
A.will B.may
C.have to D.should
错因分析
考生有可能误选C项。分析句意可知,表示原则上或道义上“应该”的情态动词should用在这里正合适,故选D。
归纳总结
should除了可以表示原则上或道义上“应该”外,还可以表示推测含义,意为“估计(是)”、“按理应当”等含义。这种用法的should是一个常考知识点,考生应重视。should另外一种用法是should意为“竟然”,表示吃惊的语气。
单击此处进入 实战过关演练(共65张PPT)
非谓语动词
1.The next thing he saw was smoke________from behind the house.(2011·课标·全国Ⅰ,27)
A.rose B.rising
C.to rise D.risen
解析 句意:随后,他看见烟从房子后面冒出来。考查非谓语动词作定语,修饰smoke,故排除A项(谓语动词);逻辑主语smoke与非谓语动词间为主动关系,而且动作正在进行,故选B项。
答案 B
2.The island, ________to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.(2011·全国Ⅱ,15)
A.joining B.to join
C.joined D.having joined
解析 句意:这个岛由一座桥和大陆连着,很容易去的。考查非谓语动词作定语。island和join之间是被动关系,故需用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge相当于一个定语从句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。
答案 C
3.Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, ________on your feet.(2011·北京,33)
A.to keep B.keeping
C.having kept D.to have kept
解析 句意:坐下,Emma。站着只会让你更加劳累。考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语you与keep之间为主动关系,所以选择B项,现在分词作伴随状语。A、D两项为不定式,通常表示目的,所以排除;C项为现在分词的完成时,不表示伴随,故排除。
答案 B
4.Look over there—there's a very long, winding path________up to the house.(2011·山东,27)
A.leading B.leads
C.led D.to lead
解析 句意:往那看——有一条很长很曲折的小路通向那所房子。考查非谓语动词用法。现在分词短语在此作后置定语,相当于定语从句which leads up to the house。leads在句中作谓语;led是lead的过去分词形式,与path构成被动关系;to lead表示将来,均不符合题意。
答案 A
5.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself________of his own dreams.(2011·重庆,33)
A.reminding B.to remind
C.reminded D.remind
解析 句意:迈克尔把姚明的画像挂在床边,目的是提醒自己记住自己的梦想。考查非谓语动词作宾补。remind sb of sth意为提醒某人某事,宾语himself与remind为被动关系,故选C项。
答案 C
1.不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I have a lot of things to do.我有许多事要做。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上被讨论的那个问题是非常重要的。
2.不定式作定语的特殊情况:
①不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。
He was the best man to do the job.
他是做这个工作的最好人选。
He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
②不定式常放在某些名词或代词后面作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后要加介词。
I'm not sure which restaurant to eat at.
我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。
【典例】The ability ________ an idea is as important as the idea itself.(2011·湖南,21)
A.expressing B.expressed
C.to express D.to be expressed
解析 句意:表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。考查在特定语境中使用非谓语动词作定语的能力。“做某事的能力”应该表达为“the ability to do sth”,故选C项。
答案 C
1.现在分词与过去分词的一般式作定语的区别:
现在分词的一般时作定语表示正在进行的动作,过去分词作定语表示已完成的动作。
The boy standing there is my brother.
站在那儿的男孩是我的弟弟。(表示进行)
A broken cup is lying on the ground.
地上有一只破了的茶杯。(表示完成)
2.过去分词和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:
过去分词表示被动、完成;现在分词表示被动、进行。
Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.听!正在被唱的那首歌在学生中很流行。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens
你读过狄更斯的小说吗?
【典例】With the government's aid, those________by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.(2009·上海卷)
A.affect B.affecting
C.affected D.were affected
解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:在政府的帮助下,那些受到地震影响的人已经移到新的定居点。those与动词affect之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作主语those的后置定语,表示“受到地震影响的人”。
答案 C
不定式作状语时,可以表示原因、目的和结果等。
1.原因状语。常跟不定式作原因状语的形容词有:happy, astonished, glad, amazed, surprised, overjoyed等。
She was very happy to hear the news.
听到那个消息她很高兴。
2.目的状语。so as to do或in order to do结构都作目的状语。但in order to既可以放在句首也可以放在句尾;so as to不能放在句首。
In order to finish the work in time, he works late into the night every day.为了及时完成工作,他每天工作到深夜。
3.结果状语。不定式表示结果的常见搭配有:too ... to;enough to;so ... as to等。
She is too tired to do the job.
她太累了做不了那项工作。
The ice is thick enough to walk on.
冰已经厚得可以在上面行走了。
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle
你能不能行行好,借给我你的自行车?
温馨提示:only(just)to do表示令人失望的、不愉快的结果。
He arrived there only to find the train had left.
他到达那儿时发现火车已经离开了。
【典例】With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad.(2010·全国Ⅰ卷)
A.buy B.to buy
C.buying D.to have bought
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:父亲节即将来临,我已经从银行取了些钱要给父亲买礼物。空白处应用动词不定式作目的状语,因此选B。
答案 B
1.分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、程度、让步等。
Having cleaned the rooms, we began to weed the garden.
打扫完房间后,我们开始在花园里除草。(表示时间)
Seriously injured, Ann was rushed to the hospital.
由于受了重伤,安被急忙送往医院。(表原因)
Unless asked to answer questions, you shouldn't talk in class.除非被要求回答问题,你们在课堂上不应该交谈。(表条件)
My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.我的车被交通堵塞了,所以延误了。(表结果)
He sat in a chair, watching TV.
他坐在椅子上看电视。(表伴随)
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.告诉过他很多次,他还是犯同样的错误。(表让步)
2.独立成分作状语。
英语中有些分词或不定式作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有:generally/frankly/honestly/speaking一般/坦白/老实地说;judging from/by ... 根据……来判断;considering ... 考虑到;to tell you the truth说实话;compared to/with ...与……相比
3.独立主格结构。
分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。当分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时,也就是两者不能构成逻辑上的一致关系时,则使用独立主格结构。独立主格结构的构成形式:名词/代词+[分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语]。
Weather permitting, we will go for an outing next week.
如果天气许可,我们下周去郊游。
The job done, we all went home.
工作完成之后,我们就都回家去了。
【典例】________many times, he finally understood it.(2009·四川卷)
A.Told B.Telling
C.Having told D.Having been told
解析 考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意:他被告知了好多次,最后他懂得了。动词tell与主语he之间存在被动关系,而且动作存在先后关系,所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。
答案 D
【口诀巧记】
独立主格结构
独立结构要认清,
名、代之后“副或形”,
“分词”“介短”更常见,
with结构最典型。
名、代二词是其“主”,
句子结构要理清。
独立结构好掌握,
句子作用仅一个。
千变万化皆作“状”,
其意义也不多。
“时间”“条件”和“原因”,
“方式”“伴随”没别的。
热点考向三 不定式、分词作补语的用法
1.感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice等的宾补用法。
I saw the woman crossing the street.
我看见那个妇女正在过马路。(表主动,进行)
I saw the woman cross the street.
我看见那个妇女过了马路。(表主动,全过程)
I have never heard the song sung in English.
我从未听到这首歌用英语唱过。(表被动,完成)
2.使役动词make, let, get, have等的宾补用法。
①make/let/have+宾语+do;get+宾语+to do表示“使/让/叫某人去做某事”。
The boss made the boy work twelve hours a day.
老板让这个男孩一天工作12个小时。
Mother got me to stay alone at home.
妈妈让我一人留在家里。
②have+宾语+doing sth表示“使/让……持续做某事”;get+宾语+doing sth表示“使/让……开始行动起来”。
Farmers had the machines working all the time.
农民们让机器一直运转着。
Can you get my watch going again
你能使我的手表再走起来吗?
③have/get/make+宾语+done表示“使……被做”。
He made his idea known to his parents.
他使他的父母明白了他的想法。
温馨提示:have sth done还可以表示“使遭受……”。
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。
3.动词leave等的宾补用法。
①leave+宾语+doing表示“使……保持某种状态”。
It's wrong to leave the computer working.
让电脑一直开着是不对的。
②leave+宾语+undone表示“留下某事未做”。
He left much work unfinished because he was ill.
因为生病,他留下许多工作未做。
③leave+宾语+to do/to be done表示“留下……要去做/要被做”。
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了,留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。
We hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决。
4.复合结构“介词with+宾语+宾补”。
With all the work finished, they left the office.完成了所有工作,他们离开了办公室。
【典例】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already________for a meal to be cooked.(2010·山东卷)
A.laid B.laying
C.to lay D.being laid
解析 考查with复合结构。lay意思是“摆放,搁”,和其逻辑主语table是动宾关系,already表示动作已经完成,故用过去分词作宾补。句意:起居室既整洁又干净,为了正要做的饭,一张餐桌已经摆好了。
答案 A
【口诀巧记】
1.后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,省略不定式符号to的一些常用特殊动词
一些动词要掌握,have,let和make,
此三动词是使役,注意观察听到see,
还有feel和watch,使用它们要仔细,
后接宾补略去to,此点千万要记住。
2.后只接动名词后宾语的一些常用特殊词
特殊动词接动名,使用它们要记清,
放弃享受可后悔,坚持练习必完成,
延期避免非介意,掌握它们今必行。
热点考向四 不定式、动名词作宾语的用法
1.部分动词只接不定式作宾语。afford, decide, agree, determine, expect, hope, manage, refuse, offer, pretend, promise,fail, choose, demand等。
2.部分动词(短语)只接动名词作宾语。admit, avoid, allow, delay, escape, finish, imagine, practise, consider, suggest, advise, mind, appreciate, give up, insist on, feel like, look forward to, object to, get used to, can't stand等。
3.部分动词可用动名词,也可用不定式作宾语,意义区别不大。begin, continue, like,
love, prefer, start, hate等。
4.部分动词(短语)可用动名词,也可用不定式作宾语,但意义明显有别。stop forget, regret, try, remember, mean, go on, can't help等。
5.作“需要”讲的need, want, require可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,其意义没有区别,但接动名词时用主动形式,接不定式时用被动形式。My computer needs repairing/to be repaired.
【典例】I still remember________to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.(2009·陕西卷)
A.to take B.to be taken
C.taking D.being taken
解析 考查非谓语动词作remember的宾语。根据下文的saw可知此处动作已经完成,且与逻辑主语是被动关系,故用being taken。句意:我仍然记得被带到法门寺和在那儿看见的一切。
答案 D
热点考向五 不定式的主动形式和被动形式
1.当逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式一般用被动形式。
The plan to be made is a five year plan.
将要被制定的是一项五年计划。
2.在下列情况下,不定式常用主动形式代替被动形式:
①当不定式与它修饰的名词(代词)有动宾关系,且与该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时。
She has a sister to look after.她有一个妹妹要照顾。
He has nothing to eat.他没有什么东西可吃。
②形容词easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good等形容词后面接不定式作状语时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
English is easy to learn.英语容易学。
The book is very hard to understand.这本书很难理解。
③在“疑问词+不定式”结构中。
She doesn't know which bus to take.
她不知道坐哪路公共汽车。
【典例】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable________.(2011·福建,27)
A.held B.holding
C.be held D.to hold
解析 句意:厚度和重量与先前版本的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。考查动词不定式作状语。形容词easy, hard, difficult, comfortable作表语,后面需用不定式的主动形式表被动,就选D项。
答案 D
【典例1】He was busy writing a story, only________once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A.to stop B.stopping
C.to have stopped D.having stopped
错因分析
考生做本题时很容易受到思维定式的影响,误选A项。平时我们最常见的是only to do sth结构,例如:2005年全国高考英语广东卷中的题目“He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.”only to do sth这种结构在句中作状语时,通常表示意外或不愿看到的结果,它所表达的事件往往是紧接着前面的事件发生的。
归纳总结
分析句意可知,“only ... ”部分并不表示意外或不愿看到的结果。实际上,“only ... ”部分在句中应作伴随状语,由于主句主语he与该横线处所填的非谓语动词之间为主谓关系,故选B。
【典例2】Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ________a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A.have reached B.reaching
C.to reach D.to be breaking
错因分析
考生很容易误选C项,认为C项中to reach为动词不定式结构在句中作结果状语。这可能是因为有很多考生没有完全掌握动词不定式结构与现在分词结构作结果状语时的差别。
归纳总结
在英语中,带动词不定式符号to的动词不定式结构与现在分词结构都可以表示结果,但用法不同。动词不定式结构作结果状语时常常表示出乎意料的或不愿看到的结果,而现在分词短语结构作结果状语时常常表示按照自然规律发展所产生的自然的或必然的结果。分析句意可知,逗号前后的这两部分之间存在着一种自然的或必然的结果关系,故选B。
【典例3】________with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face
错因分析
考生很容易误选C项,认为“Facing ...”为现在分词结构在句中作原因状语,表示主动含义。实际上,很多考生并没有完全掌握这种由过去分词结构在句中作原因状语的用法。动词face意为“面对(情况等)”时,是一个及物动词,后面直接接宾语,即若原题目中的介词with被去掉后,那么“Facing”就是正确的用法了。另外,考生还应当掌握face的这种用法:be faced with ...(面临……),这种结构表示一种状态,在句中作状语,故选A项。本题的题干还可以转化为:Because we were faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
归纳总结
在高考中,具有相似用法的结构还有:be lost in ...(陷入……中),be dressed in ...(穿着……),be blamed for ...(因……被责备)等。
【典例】________by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A.Driven B.Being driven
C.To drive D.Having driven
错因分析
考生很容易误选B项。“Being driven”是一个现在分词的被动式结构,在句中作状语时表示一个正在进行或与主句谓语同时进行的动作,与题目中的“... have built ...”矛盾,故不可以选。动词drive(驱使)的逻辑主语为farmers,它们之间是动宾关系,故该处应使用过去分词结构,它可以表示被动或完成的含义。故选A。
归纳总结
为了使考生能更好地应对相关考题,现对done结构与being done结构归纳如下:
(1)作主语时,应该使用being done结构,而done结构则不能在句中作主语,请参见下面的这道考题:
________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A.Exposed B.Having exposed
C.Being exposed D.After being exposed
分析题干可知,句子的谓语will do没有主语,而选项A、B和D均不能在句中作主语,它们可以在句中作状语,故均不可以选。而选项C为动名词的被动式,用在句中正合适。
(2)作后置定语时,既可以使用done结构,又可以使用being done结构,但这二者有很大差别。done结构作后置定语时,表示被动或完成的含义,而being done结构作后置定语时,则表示“正在被……”的含义。另外to be done结构作后置定语时表示“将被……”。
(3)作状语时,being done结构几乎是不用的,而doing结构和having(been)done结构则是常用的,表示原因。done结构作状语时,常表示被动或完成的含义,请参见下面的考题:
①________that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A.Not realized B.Not to realize
C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized
分析题干知,横线处应填上一个可以充当原因状语的结构,故选C。
注:现在分词的否定式是在其前加上not等否定词。
②________from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A.Being seperated B.Having separated
C.Having been separated D.To be separated
由于“for+时间段”结构通常用于完成时态,故选项A和D首先被排除。又由于动词separate与Australia之间为动宾关系,故选C。
③________to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A.Fail B.Failed
C.To fail D.Having failed
分析句意可知,横线处应填上一个表示原因的结构,又由于主句的主语we与动词fail之间为主谓关系,故选D。
【典例】Though________money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lacked B.lacking of
C.lacking D.lacked in
错因分析
由于lack作动词用时,意为“缺乏”,是一个及物动词,故选项B和D是错误的,可以被排除。由于主句的主语“his parents”与动词lack之间为主谓关系,故选项A也排除。故选C。
归纳总结
省略问题中有这样一种题型:在主从复合句中,当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语动词中有be动词时,那么,从句中的主语和be动词可以同时省略。本题题干的完整形式为:Though[they(指his parents)were]lacking money, his parents ... 这类问题应该引起考生的重视。
with复合结构实际上可以表示为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,这个宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等充当。另外,考生还要了解with复合结构在句中可以充当原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语、定语等。
【典例1】You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much.
A.for B.when
C.with D.while
错因分析
考生易因分析不清结构而选错答案。分析题干可知,句中的“her foot wounded so much”并不是一个句子,排除A、B、D项中的连词,故选C。
归纳总结
with复合结构是一个在高考中常考的题型,它的构成为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的with是一个介词,其宾语补足语采用何种形式要由它与宾语之间的关系决定。根据语法知识可知,动词wound是一个及物动词,常用于被动语态结构,with是一个介词,后不能接句子,故选C项。wounded为过去分词,表示被动的含义。
With their work finished, they decided to go to the cinema tonight.
【典例2】________two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A.With B.Besides
C.As for D.Because of
错因分析
考查with复合结构。它的构成为“with+宾语+to do”,故选A。其他三个选项均不可以采用该种结构,而考生易因结构记忆不牢而选错答案。
归纳总结
在with复合结构“with+宾语+to do”中,动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示事件尚未发生。在该结构中,常用不定式的主动形式来表示被动含义。这时的with复合结构在句中多作原因状语,意为“由于……”。
在高考英语中,对逻辑主语的应用的考查是很多的,主要集中在动词不定式和动词 ing结构上。
【典例1】At the beginning of class, the noise of desks______could be heard outside the classroom.
A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closed
C.being opened and closed D.to open and close
错因分析
考生易误选B项。考查动名词的逻辑主语的应用。由句子结构可知,名词desks为opened and closed的逻辑主语,介词of后应接动词 ing形式,故选C。
归纳总结
动名词的逻辑主语是执行动名词这个动作的人或物。动名词的逻辑主语可以由形容词性物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词及名词所有格等充当,这时带有逻辑主语的动名词结构常被称为动名词的复合结构。本题中的名词desks充当动名词结构being opened and closed的逻辑主语。
【典例2】In order to improve English, ________.
A.Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes
B.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny's father
错因分析
考生很有可能误选A项或D项。其实,in order to improve English可以看成是to improve English的变形,根据语法知识可知,主句的主语为人,选项C和D可以首先被排除。再由句意可知,选B。
归纳总结
动词不定式的逻辑主语为执行不定式to do这个动作的人或物。动词不定式的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语、宾语,有时还可以是介词for或of的宾语。
Jack is late again.It is typical of him to keep others waiting.
【典例】The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons________for the day.
A.finishing B.finished
C.had finished D.were finished
错因分析
考生若不仔细分析句子结构,很容易误选D项。
归纳总结
由于动词finish与their lessons之间为动宾关系,故选项A和C 可以首先被排除。又由于逗号前后的两部分之间没有连接词,故横线处不可能填D项。B项是独立主格的一种用法,表示被动和完成,它可以转化为:with their lessons finished for the day。也就是说,两个分句需要用一个连接词来连接,如果没有这个连接词,其中一个分句的谓语动词要改为非谓语动词结构或with复合结构。本题中,若将their lessons前面加连接词because,就选D。
【典例1】It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows________.
A.it what to do with B.what to do it with
C.what to do with it D.to do what with it
错因分析
考生很容易误选B项。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句子中可以充当主语、(介词)宾语、表语等。短语do with意为“处理,应付”,这其中的动词do是一个及物动词,疑问代词what作其宾语,介词with后还需跟一个宾语(通常由一个名词或代词充当),故选C。
归纳总结
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构是一个常用结构。当该疑问词为疑问代词时,它的常用结构如下:(1)疑问代词+to+
vt.(及物动词);(2)疑问代词+to+vi.(不及物动词)+prep.(介词)。当该疑问词为疑问副词时,它的常用结构如下:(1)疑问副词+to+vi.;(2)疑问副词+to+vt.+宾语;(3)疑问副词+to+vi.+prep.+宾语。
【典例2】The mother didn't know________to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A.who B.when
C.how D.what
错因分析
考生很容易误选C项或D项。然而,本题是对“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的考查。根据句意可知,选A。
归纳总结
这种结构常常含有情态动词should的含义,它可以转化为一个含有情态动词should的从句,本题中的“who to blame for ...” 相当于“who(m)she should blame for ...”。
【典例】Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16 year old boy, saying that he was not the one________.
A.blamed B.blaming
C.to blame D.to be blamed
错因分析
考生很容易误选D项。分析句子结构可知,本题是对动词不定式结构作后置定语用法的考查。be to blame为一个固定的结构,意为“对……负有责任”。本题中的to blame可以看作是who was to blame的省略形式。to blame是一个主动形式表示被动含义的结构。选C。
归纳总结
英语中的动词不定式作定语时有以下用法:
(1)如果句子的主语是该名词后置定语动词不定式所表示动作的施动者,那么作后置定语的动词不定式要用其主动形式。
I want something to eat.我想要些吃的东西。
(2)如果句子的主语不是该名词后置定语动词不定式所表示动作的施动者,那么作后置定语的动词不定式既可以用其主动形式,也可以用其被动形式,在语意上几乎没有什么区别。
The best thing to do/to be done is ...要去做的最好的事情是……
(3)作名词后置定语的动词不定式中的动词须为及物动词,若为不及物动词,须在该动词后加上一个适当的介词或副词。
I have no pen to write with.我没有写字用的笔了。
单击此处进入 实战过关演练(共48张PPT)
五、时态与语态
1.Planning so far ahead ________ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.(2011·课标卷·全国Ⅰ,23)
A.made B.is making
C.makes D.has made
解析 句意:这么早做计划没有什么意义——到明年很多事情就会变了。考查时态。一般现在时指经常发生的事或存在的状态,由句意可知本句表达目前的状况,符合一般现在时的概念,故选C项。
答案 C
2.When I got on the bus, I ________ I had left my wallet at home.(2011·山东,31)
A.was realizing B.realized
C.have realized D.would realize
解析 句意:当我上了公共汽车的时候,我意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。考查动词时态。题干在陈述过去发生的事情,要用一般过去时。A是过去进行时;C是现在完成时;D是过去将来时,与语境不符。
答案 B
3.Experiments of this kind ________ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.(2011·北京,21)
A.have conducted B.have been conducted
C.had conducted D.had been conducted
解析 句意:第二次世界大战之前,在美国和欧洲就曾彻底地进行过这种实验。考查时态和语态。experiments与conduct之间为被动关系,故排除A项和C项。conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前,即:过去的过去,所以用过去完成时,故选择D项。
答案 D
4.On her next birthday, Ann ________ married for twenty years.(2011·天津,4)
A.is B.has been
C.will be D.will have been
解析 句意:到下一次过生日的时候,Ann结婚就要满二十年了。考查时态用法。根据句中的next birthday可知要用将来时,排除A、B两项;根据for twenty years可知要表达“完成”之意,所以设空处用将来完成时。
答案 D
5.Did you predict that many students ________ up for the dance competition?(2011·上海,34)
A.would sign B.signed
C.have signed D.had signed
解析 句意:你预测到有许多学生会报名参加舞蹈比赛了吗?考查动词的时态。that引导宾语从句,由主句中的did可排除表现在的C项;根据predict可知从句的动作应该发生在将来,故选A过去将来时。
答案 A
一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在,指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
1.表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作,且常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等表频率的时间状语连用。
John sometimes sits up very late.约翰有时很晚才睡。
2.表示客观事实或普遍现象。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
3.如果主句是一般将来时,那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
If it rains tomorrow, I won't go there.
如果明天下雨,我将不去那儿。
【典例】My parents ________ in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.(2009·天津卷)
A.live B.lived
C.were living D.will live
解析 根据第二句中的... have never lived anywhere else.可推知,空格处应用一般现在时表示状态。句意:我父母住在香港。他们生在那里,从未在别的地方居住过。
答案 A
一般过去时往往暗示现在“已不再这样”。
1.表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。
She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend.
昨晚她和她的男友一起去看电影。
When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.
当我在乡下时,经常去拜访那里的老朋友。
2.表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。
Sorry, I didn't know you were here.
不好意思,我不知道你在这儿。(现在已经知道)
【典例】—The food here is nice enough.
—My friend ________ me a right place.(2009·湖南卷)
A.introduces B.introduced
C.had introduced D.was introducing
解析 句意:——这里的食物不错。——我的朋友给我介绍了一个好地方。根据句意这里需用某种过去时态,故排除A项;句中没有一般过去时作参照,不能使用过去完成时,故排除C项;introduce为终止性动词,不能用过去进行时,故排除D项。
答案 B
一般将来时的用法:
1.“will+do”表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.没有水鱼将会死。
2.“be going to+动词原形”多用于口语中,表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外,还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,对未来进行推断。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
他们打算在校门口见面。
3.“be about to+动词原形”表示“即将……”,因此,它不与表示时间的副词或时间状语连用。
The English evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。
4.“be to+动词原形”表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”,还可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止等”。
There's to be a slide show this afternoon.
今天下午要放幻灯片。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。
5.有些动词例如:go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等,其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。
【典例】—Ann is in hospital.
—Oh,really?I ________ know.I ________ go and visit her.(2009·江苏卷)
A.didn't;am going to B.don't;would
C.don't;will D.didn't;will
解析 在听完第一个说话者的话之后,“我不知道Ann在住院”这个情况就已经成为过去,所以要用一般过去时,因此可以排除B、C两项;“我去看她”这个动作发生在将来,是临时决定要去做某事,没有计划或事先安排,所以用一般将来时,不用be going to结构,故排除A项。所以,选D项。
答案 D
现在进行时的用法:
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作,由“be+现在分词”构成。
What are you doing?你在干什么?
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天她要去北京。
3.与always,forever,constantly,continually等词连用,表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩。
He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。
4.用进行时表示渐变过程。
The food is getting cold.食物变凉了。
注意,下列动词不能用于进行时:
感觉类:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等;
情感类:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等;
思想类:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand,agree, know等;
其他类:have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。
【典例】—John, what ________ in your hand
—Look!It's a birthday gift for my grandma.(2011·湖南,22)
A.had you held B.are you holding
C.do you hold D.will you hold
解析 句意:——琼,你手里拿着什么?——看!这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。考查在特定语境中正确使用时态的能力。根据句意(琼,你手里拿着什么?)和关键词look可知该题应用现在进行时态,故选B项。
答案 B
过去进行时的用法:
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,由“was/were+现在进行时”构成。
She was watching TV at six yesterday evening.
昨晚六点她正在看电视。
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
昨天他一整天都在准备他的演讲。
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
He was reading a novel when I came in.
当我进来时,他正在看小说。
3.表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。
He said she was arriving the next day.
他说她将第二天到达。
4.与always, forever, constantly, continually连用,表示赞赏或厌恶等感彩。
Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others.He never thought of himself first.
雷锋同志总是先想着他人,而不是自己。
5.过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景。
It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.A young woman suddenly appeared on the river bank.一个漆黑的夜晚,狂风大作,大雨倾盆,一位年轻的妇女突然出现在河岸上。
【典例】—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre
—No.I ________ my homework all day yesterday.(2010·全国Ⅰ卷)
A.was doing B.would do
C.had done D.do
解析 考查谓语动词的时态。根据时间状语all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在写作业”。表示在过去某个时间段正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,因此选A。
答案 A
现在完成时的用法:
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。常用的状语有:already, just, yet, never, before等。
I have already posted the photos.我已经把照片寄出了。
2.表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在,往往和for ..., since ..., up to now, recently, so far等表示一段时间的状语连用。
They have worked here since they left college.
自从大学毕业后,他们就一直在这儿工作。
3.It(This)+is(will be)+the first/second/third ...+time+that从句。that从句的谓语要用现在完成时,that可以省略。
This is the first time I have been here.
这是我第一次来这里。
4.用在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时以前已经完成的动作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
当你学习英语之后,你将找到一条通往丰富知识的桥梁。
【典例】This is the first time we ________ a film in the cinema together as a family.(2009·陕西卷)
A.see B.had seen
C.saw D.have seen
解析 考查动词时态。“This/It is+the+序数词+time+that从句”为固定句型,that从句需用现在完成时,故选D。句意:这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。
答案 D
过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。用法如下:
1.过去完成时表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作(即表示“过去的过去”)。时间状语可用by, before等构成的短语,也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。
He said that he had been abroad for three years.
他说他在国外呆了3年。
2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去的动作,常用的时间状语有:by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
直到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。
3.用在It was the first/second/third ... time that ...句型中,that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty nine years.
这是39年里他们第一次见面。
4.It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们十年来从没这么高兴过。
5.表示愿望或打算一类的词,例如:intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你,但我这来了个不速之客。
6.用在表示“刚刚……就……”的句型中:Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had+主语+done ... when ... did ...;No sooner had+主语+done ... than ... did ...。
Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.
她刚一上床铃就响了。
【典例】—Were you surprised by the ending of the film
—No.I ________ the book, so I already knew the story.(2010·安徽卷)
A.was reading B.had read
C.am reading D.have read
解析 考查时态。问句用的是一般过去时,答语的意思是在此之前已经读过这本书,所以用过去完成时。
答案 B
【口诀巧记】
被动语态
一般现、过用be done,be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have done,被动将been加中间。
一般将来时shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动,shall(will)be doing,
现在完成进行同,have(has)been doing。
现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。
热点考向四 完成进行体
现在完成进行时的用法:
现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去,一直持续到现在,并有可能延续下去。现在完成进行体是完成体和进行体的组合。因此,它具备完成体和进行体的一些因素,例如:它具备进行体的未完成性、暂时性、感彩等特点。
They have been living here for 10 years.
他们住在这里十年了。(从过去某一时间开始住,强调现在还住在这儿)
We've been discussing the matter several times this year.
我们今年已数次讨论那件事。(强调说话者“抱怨”的感彩)
【典例】Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic ________ as a result of global warming.(2009·浙江卷)
A.had decreased B.decreased
C.has been decreasing D.is decreasing
解析 根据时间状语over the past decades“在过去的几十年里”可知,这是一个自过去以来一直持续的动作,所以选择完成进行时。句意:在过去几十年里,由于全球变暖,北极的海冰一直在减少。
答案 C
被动语态的用法:
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。
2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
要求参观者不可触摸展品。
3.在文章标题、广告、新闻中。
Girls wanted.招女工。
温馨提示:get+过去分词可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.
那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
【典例】—Why does the lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water ________.(2009·福建卷)
A.have polluted B.is being polluted
C.has been polluted D.have been polluted
解析 句意:——这湖水怎么这么难闻?——因为大量的水已经被污染了。考查时态、语态及主谓一致。water和pollute为被动关系,故排除A项;B项表示“正被污染”,故排除。large quantities of后面无论加可数还是不可数名词,谓语动词都应用复数形式,故排除C项,选D项。
答案 D
主动形式表示被动意义:
1.系动词(look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等)+形容词或名词。
The dish tastes good.这菜味道不错。
2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut, move, run等)。
The store closes at 6:00 pm every day.
商店每天下午六点关门。
3.表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read, write, sell, wash, wear, cut, lock, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。
Books of this kind sell well.这本书很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。
4.介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。常见的有:
under control受控制
under treatment在治疗中
under repair在修理中
under discussion在讨论中
in print在印刷中
on show展出
The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。
【典例】—I'd like a pen which ________ well.
—Will this one ________?(2011·江西重点中学二次联考)
A.writes;do B.writes;work
C.is written;do D.is written;work
解析 句意:——我想要支好用的钢笔。——这支行吗?write作“be capable of being used for writing(指钢笔、铅笔等)能用于书写,能使用”讲时,为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态;do:be sufficient or satisfactory for(sb/sth)足够或能满足(某人/物的需要);work作不及物动词,意为“起作用”。
答案 A
【典例1】He ________ football regularly for many years when he was young.
A.was playing B.played
C.has played D.had played
错因分析
考生可能会受到句中for many years的影响,认为“for+一段时间”结构一定要与完成时态连用,而误选C项或D项。题目中的when he was young是句子的时间状语,决定句子的时态,我们可以把该从句看成... years ago结构,故选B。
归纳总结
在高考英语对时态问题考查的试题中,有很多题是利用标志性时间状语来判断句子时态的,因此记住各种时态典型的时间状语是很必要的。比如:句中有two days ago,句子应用一般过去时态;句中有at this time last year,句子应用过去进行时态等。
【典例2】I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.
A.taught B.have taught
C.are taught D.have been taught
错因分析
不经过仔细分析,考生易误选C项。分析题干可知,many times为一个标志性的时间状语,它通常要与完成时态连用,选项A和C可以首先被排除,又由于动词teach与they(指these English songs)之间为动宾关系,故选D。
归纳总结
现在完成时态表示动作发生在过去,一直延续到现在,强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常见的与其连用的时间状语有:by far, till now, already, yet, up to now, so far, since,“for+一段时间”结构以及in the past/last few years等。
【典例1】If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.But it ________ all day.
A.rained B.rains
C.has rained D.is raining
错因分析
考生易误选C项,认为句中的all day是时间状语。根据语法知识可知,题目中的“If the weather ... a picnic.”是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。而“but”后面的句子陈述的是一个过去的事实,故选A。
归纳总结
考生在做题时,不要受思维定式的影响,应该认真分析题干及句意,这样可以避免不必要的失分。若将本题题干改为:“If the weather were better, we could/would have a picnic.But it ________ all day.”此处的“If the weather ... a picnic.”是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟,再结合“but”分句中的时间状语all day,那么空格处应填has rained或has been raining。
【典例2】I got caught in the rain and my suit ________.
A.has ruined B.had ruined
C.has been ruined D.had been ruined
错因分析
考生很容易误选D项。由于动词ruin与suit之间为动宾关系,故选项A和B可以首先被排除。由于过去完成时态表示过去的过去,若选择D项,表示“我的西装被毁坏”这个动作发生在“我遭遇大雨”这个动作之前,显然是不符合逻辑的,故D项也被排除。而C项表示“我过去遭遇大雨”对现在造成的影响或结果是“西装被毁坏了”,故选C。
归纳总结
现在完成时态与过去完成时态在用法上有异同。它们的共同点是:动作都发生在过去。而它们的不同点是:前者动作一直延续到现在,强调对现在造成的影响或结果;而后者则表示动作一直延续到过去的某个时间,强调对过去的这个时间所造成的影响或结果,句中通常有一般过去时态的结构作参照点,此时它表示过去的过去。
【典例】Sarah, hurry up.I'm afraid you won't have time to ________ before the party.
A.get changed B.get change
C.get changing D.get to change
错因分析
考生很有可能误选D项。在英语中,除了可以用be动词构成被动语态,也可以用get来构成被动语态,这里的get changed相当于get dressed,意为“换衣服”。故选A项。
归纳总结
get done在很多时候还可以表示不好的事情。
Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not, you may get run over by a car.
单击此处进入 实战过关演练(共32张PPT)
形容词与副词
1.The young man couldn't afford a new car.________, he bought a used one.(2011·天津,9)                   
A.Besides B.Otherwise
C.Instead D.Still
解析 句意:那个年轻人买不起新车,便买了一辆二手车。考查副词辨析。instead相反,取而代之;besides此外;otherwise否则;still仍然。根据句意C项正确。
答案 C
2.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ________ the present one.(2011·陕西,17)
A.as three times big as B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times D.as big three times as
解析 句意:正在为下届亚运会而建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍。考查倍数的表达法。比较常见的表达倍数的句型有:①... times+as+adj./adv.(原级)+as ...;②... times+adj./adv.(比较级)+than ...;③... times+the length/width/...+of ...。故选择B项。
答案 B
3.In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are ________.(2011·江苏,25)
A.special B.regional
C.optional D.original
解析 句意:在那所学校,对于所有学生来说英语是必修科目,但是法语和俄语是选修科目。考查形容词辨析。compulsory必修的,与其相对应的词是optional(选修的),故选C项。special特别的,专门的;regional地方性的;original最初的,原始的。
答案 C
4.________, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(2011·安徽,31)
A.Hopefully B.Normally
C.Thankfully D.Conveniently
解析 句意:谢天谢地,我终于打完比赛了,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。考查副词辨析。hopefully满怀希望地;normally正常地;thankfully感激地;conveniently方便地。根据句意判断,选C项。
答案 C
5.The old engineer's eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was ________, though slow.(2011·湖北,23)
A.shaky B.heavy
C.casual D.steady
解析 句意:这位老工程师黝黑的脸上布满皱纹,但是他的目光依旧炯炯有神,他走过房间时,脚步虽然缓慢,但是每一步都迈得很稳。考查形容词辨析。与后面的slow呼应,这里用steady表示“平稳的,不摇晃的,牢固的”。A“摇晃的”;B“沉重的”;C“随便的,漫不经心的,偶然的”,都不符合句意。
答案 D
多个形容词作定语的常用顺序为:
限定词(these, those)+数量词(second, three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(new, old)+颜色(red, green)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(medical, writing)+被修饰词。
the first beautiful little white Chinese wood bridge
第一座美丽的中国小白木桥
these tall young American policemen
这些高个子的年轻的美国警察
温馨提示:形容词顺序口诀:
限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老。
颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
This is a black new pen.A nice long new black British plastic pen.
【典例】We only had $100 and that was ________ to buy a new computer.(2010·辽宁卷)
A.nowhere near enough  B.near enough nowhere
C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough
解析 enough修饰形容词或副词时,通常要放在被修饰词语的后面。nowhere near意为“差得远,远不及”。因此正确词序应为:nowhere near enough。句意:我们只有100美元,这笔钱远远不够买一台新电脑。
答案 A
在下列情况下,形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。
1.形容词作定语修饰somebody, something, anyone, anything, nobody等构成的复合代词时,需后置。
Is there anything wrong with your car
你的汽车出什么毛病了吗?
2.以 able或 ible结尾的形容词可置于由形容词的最高级或all, every, only等词修饰的名词后面。
This is the best computer available.
这是现在可用的最好的一台电脑。
3.形容词短语作定语要后置。
That is a problem difficult to answer.
那是一个难以回答的问题。
4.表语形容词(alive, asleep, awake, alike, available等)作定语,一般要后置。
The girl awake is his younger sister.
那个醒着的女孩是他的妹妹。
【典例】There are plenty of jobs ________ in the western part of the country.(浙江卷)
A.present B.available
C.precious D.convenient
解析 句意:在这个国家的西部地区有许多可得到的工作。available在这里作后置定语修饰前面的jobs,意为“可得到的,可获得的”。
答案 B
形容词作状语表示伴随或结果,并不表示动作的方式。
He lay in bed, wide awake.
他躺在床上,丝毫没有睡意。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.
生怕困难,他们宁愿挑好走的路。
He is standing there, full of fear.
他非常担心地站在那儿。
【典例】________, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.(2010·安徽卷)
A.Shy and cautious   
B.Sensitive and thoughtful
C.Honest and confident
D.Lighthearted and optimistic
解析 考查形容词的用法。后半句提到她用自己的微笑把“阳光”传播给人们,由此可知她“无忧无虑”而且非常“乐观”。
答案 D
英语中有些副词具有两种形式,一种与形容词同形,另一种是形容词后加 ly构成,它们的意义不同。
high高         highly高度地
wide广阔地 widely广泛地,普遍地
deep深 deeply深刻地,深沉地
free免费地 freely自由地
close接近地 closely仔细地,严密地
hard努力地 hardly几乎不
late迟,晚 lately近来
near在附近 nearly几乎,差不多
【典例】It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ________ to her mother.(北京卷)
A.close B.closely
C.closed D.closing
解析 固定短语stand close to sb意为“靠近某人站着”,指具体距离;closely通常表示抽象意义的“密切地,严密地”。句意:天正在下着大雨。小玛丽感到寒冷,因此她靠着母亲站着。
答案 A
形容词或副词同级比较表达形式:
1.用在as ... as ..., not as/so ... as ...,the same as ...,such ... as ...结构中。
She looks as young as she was ten years ago.
她看上去和10年前一样年轻。
The weather here is not as/so dry as that in Beijing.
这儿的天气不像北京那么干燥。
His schoolbag is the same as mine.
他的书包和我的一样。
Henry is such a good worker as Peter.
亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。
2.as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。
This road is as wide as 60 metres.=This road is 60 metres wide.这条路宽达60米。
3.as ... as ...结构有时可作习惯用语,有特定含义。
as long as只要;有……之久
as far as就……而言;远达……
as soon as一……就……
as well as既……又……
【典例】I have seldom seen my mother ________ pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010·全国Ⅰ卷)
A.so B.very
C.too D.rather
解析 句意:我很少看到妈妈像现在这样对我的进步这么满意。句中的副词seldom表示否定含义,相当于not,题干中暗含not so ... as ...结构,故选A。
答案 A
比较级的考查重点:
1.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather, even, much, far, many, still, any, a lot, a little, a great deal, a bit, by far等。
The students study even harder than before.
学生们学习比以前更努力了。
Do you feel any better today
你今天感觉好一点了吗?
2.固定句型“the+比较级... the+比较级...”表示“越……,越……”。
The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.
你说得越多,他越不注意听你讲。
3.固定句型“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
这座新城市变得越来越美丽了。
4.固定句型“the+比较级+of the two+名词”表示“两个中较……的”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
那两个男孩中较高的是我的哥哥。
5.not和no用在比较级前的区别。
She was not more pleased than I was.她没有我那么高兴。(not more ... than ...不如,比不上)
She was no more pleased than I was.她和我一样都不高兴。(no more ... than ...与……同样不……)
【典例】How much ________ she looked without her glasses!(2009·海南卷)
A.well B.good
C.best D.better
解析 此句暗含比较,将她戴眼镜和不戴眼镜进行对比。句意:她不戴眼镜看起来漂亮多了!根据句意可知,应选比较级better。
答案 D
最高级的考查重点:
1.最高级常见的修饰语有:by far, very, much, quite far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like,序数词等。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the river.
目前正在建造的那座桥是横跨在这条河上最长的桥。
I'd like to buy the second expensive camera.我想买第二贵的相机。
2.否定词(no/not/nothing/never)和比较级连用可以表示最
高级的含义。
We couldn't feel better.我们感觉太好了。
Nothing is more valuable than health.健康最重要。
【典例】The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride ________.(2009·全国Ⅱ卷)
A.most B.more
C.less D.little
解析 根据上文The children loved their day trip可知,首先可以排除less和little。又因为没有比较的意思,故排除more。句意:孩子们喜欢今天的旅行,他们最喜欢骑马了。
答案 A
热点考向三 易混的形容词与副词
英语中常见易混形容词与副词的比较:
1.so, such
so作为副词,修饰形容词或副词;such作为形容词,修饰名词。但如果such修饰的是单数可数名词,且该名词又被其他形容词所修饰,即“such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词”,那么该句型可转换为“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”。
当名词被many, much, few, little(注意:little作“少”讲,不作“小”讲)修饰时,应用so,即“so many/much/few/little+名词”。
2.common, usual, normal, ordinary
common表示“普通的,共同的”,与rare“罕见的,珍稀的”相反;usual表示“惯常的,通常的”;normal意为“正常的,正规的”;ordinary与special“特殊的”相反,意为“普通的,一般的,特殊的”。
3.nearly, almost, hardly
almost可以与any, no, nobody, never, nothing搭配,但nearly却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any, hardly anybody来代替almost no, almost nobody。
否定词not可放在nearly之前,构成not nearly的结构,意为“一点儿也不,相差甚远”,但没有not almost的结构。
【典例】It's high time you had your hair cut;it's getting ________.(2009·全国Ⅱ卷)
A.too much long B.much too long
C.long too much D.too long much
解析 考查too much和much too的区别。too much修饰不可数名词,意思是“太多的……”,而much too修饰形容词或副词,且放在所修饰词的前面,意为“非常,太”。much too long表示“实在太长”。句意:是该你理发的时候了,你的头发实在太长了。
答案 B
【典例1】—Must I turn off the gas after cooking
—Of course.You can never be ________ careful with that.
A.enough B.too
C.so D.very
错因分析
考查英语中固定句型“cannot/can never be too ...”。意为“越……越好”或“再……也不过分”,所以选B.too。句意为“你越小心越好”。
归纳总结
too ... to ...结构是中学阶段一个很常用的结构,意为“太……而不能……”,是一个否定的结构。但在下面的情况下却表示肯定的含义:
(1)当在该结构中的too或to前加上否定词not或never等时,该结构即为表示肯定含义的结构。cannot/can never ... too ... to ...为常见的用法,它可以与cannot/can never ... enough to ...结构进行转化。
When crossing the street, you can never be too careful/careful enough.你过马路时,越小心越好。
(2)当too ... to ...结构中的副词too后接apt, ready, anxious, eager, glad, willing等形容词时,该结构表达的即为肯定的含义。
She is too willing to marry him.她很愿意嫁给他。
(3)当too ... to ...结构中的副词too前面有all, but, only, quite等修饰时,该结构表达的也为肯定的含义。
I am only too pleased to help you.
我很高兴帮助您。
【典例2】He began to take political science ________ only when he left school.
A.strictly B.truly
C.carefully D.seriously
错因分析
take ... seriously意为“认真对待……”,故选项D正确。
归纳总结
take sb/sth seriously是固定用法。
We take threats of this kind very seriously.
我们对这类威胁非常重视。
【典例】I don't think we've met before.You're taking me for ________.
A.some other B.someone else
C.other person D.one other
错因分析
考查else用法。else既可以用作形容词,也可以用作副词,意为“其他的/地”,通常要位于疑问代词、疑问副词和不定代词的后边。B项someone else意为“别人”,用在这里正合适。
归纳总结
考生还应知道who else的所有格形式为who else's或whose else。
Whose else/Who else's can it be?那可能会是谁的呢?
单击此处进入 实战过关演练(共50张PPT)
特殊句式
1.Try________she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.(2011·课标卷·全国Ⅰ,22)
A.if B.when
C.since D.as
解析 句意:虽然Sue试着开门了,但是她打不开。考查连词。as引导让步状语从句时意为“虽然”,要求从句使用部分倒装,即从句中表语、状语或动词原形置于as前。空格前为动词原形try,符合as的用法,故选D项。
答案 D
2.Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and________.(2011·全国Ⅱ,13)
A.neither won't Tom B.Tom won't either
C.Tom will too D.so will Tom
解析 句意:简今晚不和我们一起吃晚饭了,汤姆也不来了。考查句子结构。分析句子结构和句意可知,空格处的句子意为“……也不如此”。句子的前半部分表示否定,所以可排除C项和D项;A项中won't形式不对,故选B,相当于:neither/nor will Tom。
答案 B
3.—It's nice.Never before________such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it.(2011·福建,29)
A.I have had B.I had
C.have I had D.had I
解析 句意:——太棒了。我以前从来没喝过这么独特的饮料!——很高兴您喜欢。考查倒装句。否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表示否定意义的介词短语置于句首时,后面的主语、谓语部分需部分倒装,根据题意可知,应该用现在完成时态,所以选C项。
答案 C
4.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree
—Of course, I have.It was in our village________it was made.(2011·重庆,32)
A.that B.where
C.when D.which
解析 句意:——你看过电影《山楂树之恋》吗?——我当然看过。那部电影就是在我们村拍摄的。考查强调句型用法。被强调部分为in our village,如改为普通句型为:It was made in our village.如选B项,为where引导的定语从句,但与上句在逻辑上不符。
答案 A
5.It's not what we do once in a while________shapes our lives, but what we do consistently.(2011·湖南,35)
A.which B.that
C.how D.when
解析 句意;影响我们生活的不是我们偶尔做什么,而是我们一贯做什么。考查强调句型的用法。强调部分是句子的主语,空格处应是强调句型中的that,故选B项。
答案 B
谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种:
1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等,置于句首。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
On the table were some flowers.
桌子上有一些花。
温馨提示:当句子的主语为人称代词担当时,句子不倒装。Here it is./Away they went.
2.such置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦,一个纯朴的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
温馨提示:此句型中的such多被认为是表语,所以,such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。
【典例】For a moment nothing happened, then________all shouting together.(2009·福建卷)
A.voices had come B.came voices
C.voices would come D.did voices come
解析 考查倒装句式。当某些副词如then, now, here, there, up等置于句首时,句子要用完全倒装形式,故选B。D项属于部分倒装,不合语法规则,故排除。句意:一时间,什么都没发生。之后大家一起大笑起来。
答案 B
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种:
1.only修饰介词短语,副词或状语从句,且放在句首时。
Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有以这种方式,我们才能学好英语。
注意:only修饰主语时,句子不可以倒装。
Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答问题。
2.否定副词或短语never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, in no time, by no means, in no case等置于句首时。
Never before have I seen such a moving film.
我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.在任何情况下中国绝不会第一个使用核武器。
3.四个重要的固定句型:
“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“前一句中的内容也适合于另一人或另一事物”。
He came last night, so did I.
他昨晚来了,我也来了。
Lily can't ride, neither/nor can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑车,露西也不会。
注意:如果表示对前面内容的肯定,不使用倒装句式。
—It is hot today.今天天真热。—So it is.的确如此。
在“so+adj./adv. ... that ...”句型中,如果so+adj./adv.置于句首,主句用部分倒装,that从句不倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他的英语说得如此清楚,以至于他总能让别人听懂。
在“not only ..., but(also) ...”句型中,如果not only置于句首,需将not only引导的句子倒装,但but(also)引导的句子不倒装。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅帮助人们找工作,而且会向需要的人提供医疗。
当“not until ...”置于句首时,until从句的主谓不可倒装,而只是主句需要倒装。
Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来,我们才吃晚饭。
在as引导的让步状语从句中,通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语)。
Child as he was, he made a living by himself.
尽管他是个孩子,他却自己谋生。
【典例】Only when he reached the tea house________it was the same place he'd been in last year.(2011·新课标全国卷,28)
A.he realized B.he did realize
C.realized he D.did he realize
解析 句意:只是当他到了茶馆的时候,他才意识到这就是他去年来的地方。考查倒装。only修饰状语置于句首时,句子(主句)需部分倒装,故选D项。
答案 D
【口诀巧记】
部分倒装
部分倒装并不难,
口诀帮你享清闲。
先记neither,nor,
再记单词so。
句首only、否定词,
部分倒装莫迟疑。
让步、虚拟句,部分倒装行。
热点考向二 强调
1.强调句型
①强调句型的结构与基本用法。
“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”为强调句型的结构。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语,但不能是定语或谓语。所强调的可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句,但结构必须完整。
It is he that broke the window.
是他打破了窗子。(主语)
It was her that we met at the school gate.
我们在校门口遇到的正是她。(宾语)
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.
汤姆是在公园里丢了他的手表的。(状语)
②强调句型的问句形式。
a.强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。
Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English
是王教授教你英语的吗?
b.强调句型的特殊疑问句,只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。
Who was it that broke the window
打破窗子的是谁?
When was it that you called me yesterday
你昨天打电话给我是什么时候?
③含有not ... until ...的强调句型。
其强调句式为:it is/was not until+被强调的部分+that+其他成分。
It was not until she took her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到摘下墨镜,我才认出她。
2.谓语动词的强调
如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do, does或did。
Do come this evening.今晚一定要来。
He did write to you last week.上周他的确写信给你了。
Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆学习真的很努力。
【典例】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do________benefits our work most.(2011·陕西,23)
A.who B.which
C.that D.what
解析 句意:能给我们的工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少,而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。考查强调句型。被强调部分为句子的主语not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do, 故选择C项。
答案 C
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:
①连词(as, as if, once)+名词
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.从前他曾当过老师,现在他在政府部门工作。
②连词(though, whether, when)+形容词
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
年轻时努力工作,否则你会后悔的。
③连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语
He looked everyone as if (he was) in search of something.
他到处看好像在找什么东西。
④连词(when, while, though)+现在分词
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.当我沿着马路走时,听到有人喊我的名字。
⑤连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.展览比预计的更有趣。
⑥连词(as if, as though)+不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
他张开嘴好像要说话。
2.当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词一起省略。此时构成“连词(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容词”的结构。
Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要,你最好不要查词典。
另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可用if+so/not省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow.If not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起。否则(如果不那样),你会错过头班车的。
He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note.
那时他可能不在家。如果那样,就给他留个纸条。
【典例】Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010·全国Ⅱ卷)
A.surprising B.was surprised
C.surprised D.being surprised
解析 前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us”的省略形式。一般情况下,如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,并且从句的谓语含有be动词,常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
答案 C
【口诀巧记】
全部倒装
副介开头全倒装,
遇到代词则照常;
方位方式别遗忘,
上下进出往前放;
there、 here用得上,
时间顺序句首放;
表语句首主语长,
牢记口诀英语棒。
在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。
1.代替动词不定式后被省略掉的动词,常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.
我叫他去看电影,但他不想去。
2.在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。
I didn't want to go there, but I had to.
我不想去那儿,但不得不去。
3.在某些形容词,glad, happy, pleased, delighted, afraid, willing, eager等后面。
—Will you join in the game?——你想一起做游戏吗?
—I'd be glad to.——好的。
4.否定形式的省略用not to。
—Shall I go instead of him
——我要代替他去吗?
—I prefer not to.——我宁愿不。
5.如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been,则要保留这些词。
—Are you monitor of our class
——你是我们的班长吗?
—No, but I'd like to be.
——不,但是我想当。
【典例】—What's the matter with Della
—Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still________.(2009·江苏卷)
A.hopes to B.hopes so
C.hopes not D.hopes for
解析 本题易误选B,原因在于分不清hope to与hope so。hope so意为“希望如此”,在句中是she still hopes her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party的意思,显然不合题意。而hope to在句中是she still hopes to go to the party的意思,符合语境。
答案 A
【典例】Not until the motorbike looked almost new ________repairing and cleaning it.
A.he stopped B.did he stop
C.stopped he D.he did stop
错因分析
考生易误选A项或C项。分析题干可知,句首有否定词“not”,横线处应用倒装结构,故选B。
归纳总结
not until结构用于倒装句型中的主要形式为:Not until+表示时间的词或从句+部分倒装结构。该结构有如下特点:(1)not until ...部分位于句首;(2)部分倒装结构中无否定性结构;(3)当until后接从句时,且not until ...位于句首时,那么主句要倒装,从句不倒装(如本题)。
not until结构用于强调句型是高考英语中的常考问题。它的主要形式有:(1)It+be+not until+状语+that+其他;(2)It+be+not until+从句+that+其他。
It wasn't until nearly a month later that I received the manager's reply.
差不多一个月后,我才收到经理的答复。
It wasn't until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.
直到我们在一起待了几个星期我才发现我们之间有很多共同之处。
【典例1】Only when the fire was under control________to return to their homes.
A.the residents would be permitted
B.had the residents been permitted
C.would the residents be permitted
D.the residents had been permitted
错因分析
考生易误选B项。分析句子结构可知,本题是对倒装结构的考查。根据语法知识可知,“only+状语”位于句首时,其后的句子要采用倒装结构,故选项A和D可以首先被排除。在时间状语从句中,当从句用一般过去时态时,主句要用过去将来时态,故选C。
归纳总结
当“only+状语”位于句首时,其后的句子要用倒装结构。该结构中的状语通常由副词、介词短语和状语从句(如本题)充当。该语法点是高考英语中的常见考点。
Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.只有你吃对食物,你才能够保持健康。
Only by keeping down costs will Power Data had its advantage over other companies.
只有降低成本,Power Data 公司才能比其他公司有优势。
另外,当only后接主语位于句首时,其后不用倒装。
Only he can go.只有他可以去。
【典例2】________that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A.So successful her business was
B.So successful was her business
C.So her business was successful
D.So was her successful business
错因分析
考生容易误选A项。当“so+adj./adv.”部分位于句首时,主句要采用倒装结构,而that从句不用倒装,故选B。
归纳总结
so+adj./adv.+that从句是英语中很常用的一种句式,意为“如此……以至于……”,多用于引导结果状语从句。
【典例3】I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom________so lonely as now.
A.have I felt B.I had felt
C.I have felt D.had I felt
错因分析
考生容易忽视seldom而误选C项。题干中的seldom为一个否定词,位于分句句首,该句应采用倒装结构。再由题目中的have been living与now可知选A。
归纳总结
当否定词或否定性短语位于句首时,其后的句子应采用倒装结构。常用的否定词或否定性短语有:not, never, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, barely, by no means, in no way, little, few, no sooner等。
Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention.
很少有辩论赛能获得如此多媒体关注。
Never in my wildest dreams could I imagine these people are living in such poor conditions.就算在最荒诞的梦里,我也绝不会想到这些人竟然生活得这么贫困。
I've tried very hard to improve my English, but by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.我一直非常努力地去提高我的英语水平,但是老师根本不满意我的进步。
【典例4】At the foot of the mountain________.
A.a village lies B.lies a village
C.does a village lie D.lying a village
错因分析
考查完全倒装结构。考生易误选C。题干中的“At the foot of the mountain”是一个表示地点的介词短语,当它位于句首时,其后的句子要采用完全倒装结构,故选B。
归纳总结
常见的完全倒装结构在高考英语中有两种:
(1)当表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,其后的句子要采用完全倒装结构。
In the dark forests lie many lakes, some large enough to hold several English towns.在黑暗的森林里有许多湖泊,其中有一些有几个英国城镇那么大。
(2)当here, there, in, out等副词位于句首,其后的谓语动词为come, go等时,句子通常采用完全倒装结构。
Out rushed the boy.那男孩冲出来了。
注意:当主语为人称代词时,不用倒装结构。
Out he rushed.他冲出来了。
【典例5】If Joe's wife won't go to the party,________.
A.he will either B.neither will he
C.he neither will D.either he will
错因分析
考生易误选A。neither是一个否定词,当它位于句首时,其后的句子要采用倒装结构。故选B。
归纳总结
(1)“neither+助动词+主语”表示“……也不……”,其前的句子为一个否定的句子,且该助动词时态与其前一句话中的动词时态一致,这里的neither可以用nor来替换。
(2)“so+助动词+主语”表示“……也……”,其前的句子为一个肯定的句子,该助动词时态与其前的句子中的谓语动词时态一致。“so+主语+助动词”表示“……确实如此”,用法同“so+助动词+主语”结构用法,只是含义不同。
①—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.
—So she did, and so did I.
②—I like tea, but I don't like strong tea.
—So it is with me./So it is the same with me.
【典例1】In my opinion, life in the twenty first century is much easier than________.
A.that used to be B.it is used to
C.it was used to D.it used to be
错因分析
考查英语中动词不定式省略。考生易错选B,认为只保留到不等式符号to即可,故选D。
归纳总结
分析句子结构可知,it指代前面提到过的名词life, used to be表示“过去……”;当动词不定式中有be动词或have时,要对其进行保留;而在其他情况下保留到不定式符号to即可。
【典例2】We all know that, ________, the situation will get worse.
A.not if dealt carefully with
B.if not carefully dealt with
C.if dealt not carefully with
D.not if carefully dealt with
错因分析
考查条件状语从句省略形式。这种问题在高考试题中经常出现,特别容易出错。选B。
归纳总结
在主从复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词时,那么从句中的主语和谓语动词be可以同时省略。本题中that后接宾语从句,该宾语从句由一个复合条件句来充当。空格处的完整形式为:if the situation is not carefully dealt with,去掉the situation is便可以确定答案了。the situation is可以被看作插入成分。
【典例1】I just wonder________that makes him so excited.
A.why it does B.what he does
C.how it is D.what it is
错因分析
考生易错选A,原因是没有掌握正确的解题方法。考查强调句型在宾语从句中的应用。遇到这类问题时可以将题目中的it is that部分去掉,该题中去掉it is that后,很容易发现宾语从句缺少主语,故应用what,故选D。
归纳总结
在强调句型中,被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语从句等。在高考英语中,被强调的部分通常为一些短语或状语从句等。
【典例2】It was only with the help of the local guide_____.
A.was the mountain climber rescued
B.that the mountain climber was rescued
C.when the mountain climber was rescued
D.then the mountain climber was rescued
错因分析
考查强调句型。考生很容易将其误认为是倒装句,而选A项。only with the help of the local guide为被强调的部分,故选B。
归纳总结
强调句型的基本结构为:It be+被强调的部分+that/who+其他。在去掉It be和that/who后,剩下的部分可以组成一个成分不缺、意思完整的句子。It was along the Mississippi River that Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
单击此处进入 实战过关演练
子曰:温故而知新,可以为师矣。
子曰:三人行,必有我师焉。
子曰:默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我哉!
子曰:后生可畏,焉知来者之不如今乎?四十、五十而无闻焉,斯亦不足畏也矣。
——孔子(前551~前479,中国伟大的思想家、教育家)