2013届高考英语二轮复习精品课件：高频语法复习8

(共54张PPT)
二十三、感叹句、省略句、祈使句
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(　　)1. Bring the flowers into a warm room ________ they'll soon open.(2011辽宁)
A．or B．and
C．but D．for
1．B。考查“祈使句＋and＋sb will do”结构。句意：把花拿到温室去，它们就会很快开花了。
(　　)2.________ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.(2011辽宁)
A．Which B．What
C．How D．Whether
2．B。考查感叹句。what引导的感叹句语序为what＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.，故选B。
(　　)3.—Would you like tea or coffee
—________， thank you. I've just had some water.(2011辽宁)
A．Either B．Both
C．Any D．Neither
3．D。由答语可知tea和coffee都不要，表示两者全否要用neither。此处省略了主语和谓语I'd like。
一、感叹句概念
感叹句通常由what或 how引导，表示喜悦、惊奇、赞赏、愤怒等感情。
1．what引导的感叹句。what为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词。
1)What＋a / an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语
What a nice day it is！多么好的天气啊！
What an interesting book that is!
那是一本多么有趣的书啊！
2)What＋形容词＋复数可数名词＋主语＋谓语
What beautiful flowers they are！多么美丽的花啊！
What good teachers they are！他们是多么好的老师啊！
3)What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语
What fine weather it is！多好的天气啊！
What delicious food it is！多可口的食物啊！
2．how引导的感叹句。how是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。
1)How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语
How hot it is today！今天天气真热啊！
How beautiful the flowers are！这些花多好看啊！
2)How＋副词＋主语＋谓语
How fast he runs！他跑得多快啊！
How hard they work！他们工作多么努力啊！
3)How＋主语＋谓语
How time flies！光阴似箭！
How she dances！她跳舞跳得多好啊！
4)How＋形容词＋a / an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语
How old a building that is!
那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊！
二、感叹句疑点难点
1．“What＋a / an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语”可与“How＋形容词＋a / an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语”转换。
What a silly question you asked! ＝ How silly a question you asked！你问了个多么傻的问题！
2．What或How引起的感叹句在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其他句子成分。
What a good girl！多好的一个女孩子呀！
How cold (it is)！天气多冷呀！
Roses! How lovely！玫瑰花！多美！
How (beautifully) she is singing！她唱得多美！
How (fast) he is running! 他跑得多快！
三、省略句概念
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中的某个词、短语，甚至从句或主句可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子原意不变的现象，称为“省略”。省略了某些成分的句子称为“省略句”。
一些常见的省略有：
1．省略谓语动词
(1)在并列分句中，相同的谓语动词一般可省略。
John was given a railway set and Sue a doll.约翰得到一套玩具火车，苏得到一个洋娃娃。(Sue后省略was given)
(2)在复合句中省略相同的谓语动词。
She will do what she can to help you.
她将尽她所能帮助你。(can后省略do)
2．省略主语和谓语动词
(1)在口语语体的疑问句中往往省略主语“you”和置于句首的助动词。
(Are you) Coming，John？(你)来吗，约翰？
(Are you) Feeling any better today
(你)今天觉得好点了吗？
(2)省略主语“it”和连系动词“be”。
Lovely day (＝ It is a lovely day)，isn’t it
今天天气真好，是吗？
3．在“as”从句中的省略
as引导表示同级范围内比较的从句时，可省略与主句中相同的成分。
There aren’t so many opportunities for graduates in Britain now as there were ten years ago.
现在英国大学毕业生的就业机会不如十年前多。
4．在“if”从句中的省略
(1)省略与主句中相一致的主语和动词“be”。
If in doubt (＝ If you are in doubt)，ask for help.
如果有疑问，就请别人帮忙。
但在“if necessary”“if possible”中省略的主语不是主句中的主语，而是表示主句中内容的“it”。如：
I will do the work if possible.(＝ if it is possible)
如果可能的话，我会干这工作。
(2)在“if any”中，可以看成是省略了“there”和动词“be”。
He wondered what answer，if any (＝ if there was any)，he would give us.
如果要给答复的话，他不知道给我们什么答复好。
类似的表达还有“if ever”，强调频度。如：
He is seldom，if ever，absent from school.
他简直从不缺课。
(3)在虚拟语气中，可省略if，将助动词置于句首。
Were you in my position (＝ If you were in my position)，you would do the same.
假如你在我的位置，你也会这样做。
I would go，should it be necessary (＝ if it should be necessary)．
假如有必要，我会去的。
Had I time (If I had time)，I would come.
假如我有时间，我会来的。
5.动词不定式的省略
(1)用“to”代替整个动词不定式或不定式短语。
— Let’s go for a walk.咱们去散步吧。
— I don’t want to.我不想去。
(2)在would like, love, hate, prefer，want，mean等后面通常不能省略to。
— Are you interested in going to university
上大学你感兴趣吗？
— I’d like to.我愿意上大学。(不能说：I’d like)
My parents encouraged me to study art，but I didn’t want to.我的父母鼓励我学习艺术，但是我不愿意。(不能说：I didn’t want)
但如果前面用了某些连词，如when，if，what，as等，want 后面的to往往省略，like后面的to几乎总是省略。
Come when you want (to)．你愿意来的时候就来吧。
I’ll do what I like.我喜欢干什么就干什么。
Stay as long as you like.你愿意待多久就待多久吧。
四、省略句疑点难点
1．不定式符号to的省略与保留
(1)在had better，would rather，why(not) 等结构后的不定式符号to必须省略。
You’d better tell her the truth.你最好告诉她真相。
I would rather go home on foot tomorrow.
明天我想步行回家。
Why not give her some flowers
干嘛不送给她一些花呢？
(2)不定式作介词but，except，besides的宾语，且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其他形式时，不定式符号to被省略。
She did nothing but complain the whole time she was here.
她在这儿时一个劲地抱怨个没完。
What do you like to do besides swim
除了游泳，你还喜欢干什么？
(3)两个或多个不定式短语表示有并列关系时，后面不定式的不定式符号to通常被省略；如果是对比关系，则不定式符号to通常要保留。
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.
她让孩子待在那里等她回来。(并列关系)
They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.
他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。(对比关系)
(4)在某些感官动词或使役动词如hear，listen to，make，notice，observe，see，watch等之后充当宾补的不定式中，不定式符号to总是被省略，但在被动语态中，不定式符号to要保留。
They made that man work all the morning.
他们让那个人干了一个上午。
That man was made to work all the morning.
那个人被要求干了一个上午。
(5)不定式短语作表语，不定式符号to常常要保留，但如果前面含有动词do或do的其他形式时，作表语的不定式可以保留也可以省略不定式符号to。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.
最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。
The only thing I can do now is (to) go on by myself.
我现在能做的只有靠自己继续进行下去。
2．祈使句前使用主语，以加强语气。
用以表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫祈使句，句首用动词原形，否定形式在前加Don’t。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称you，并常常省略。但是有以下两种特殊情况。
(1)有时为了强调，祈使句前也可不省略主语you，这时you总是重读，以加强语气。
You do it right away.你给我马上就做。
You be quiet！你给我安静点！
Don’t you open the door.你可不要把门打开。
(2)还有一种祈使句，主语用第三人称，这种主语也应该重读，以加强语气。
Everybody stand up please.大家请站起来。
Parents with children go to the front.
带孩子的家长到前面去。
五、祈使句概念
祈使句用来表示请求、命令、建议、叮嘱、劝告或邀请等。常见的有下面一些类型：
1．含有第二人称主语(you)的祈使句
含有第二人称主语(you)的祈使句中的主语通常省略，肯定式中使用动词原形，否定式为“Don’t＋动词原形”，强调式为“Do＋动词原形”。
Go back to your seat.回到你的座位上去。
Be sure to get there before nine.
一定要在9点前到达那儿。
Don’t be foolish, boy.别犯傻了，孩子。
Do wait a moment.务必等一等。
2．Let为引导词的祈使句
1)Let’s...表示建议和对方一起做某事；Let us...通常表示请对方允许做某事。
Let’s spend a day in the country.
咱们到乡下去过一天吧。
Let us help you.让我们来帮助你吧。
Let’s...和Let us...的否定形式一般为Let’s / Let us not ＋动词原形，也可以说成Don’t let’s .../ Don’t let us...。如：
Let’s / Let us not stay too late.
我们不要待太晚了。
Don’t let’s invite George to the party; he’s such a bore.
我们不要邀请乔治来参加晚会，他太令人厌烦了。
2)第三人称也可以用于let为引导词的祈使句。如：
Let him be here by ten o’clock.让他十点前来这里。
否定形式为Don’t let...。如：
Don’t let him disturb us.不要让他打扰我们。
3．无动词祈使句
No passage! 禁止通行！
Hands up! 举起手来！
No parking.禁止停车。
No smoking! 禁止吸烟！
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！
This way, please.请走这边。
六、祈使句疑点难点
1．带主语的祈使句
祈使句中的主语通常省略，但有时为了加强语气，或面对不止一人时要指明向谁发出指令，可在动词前加上主语。应注意这时仍是一个祈使句，故不论人称，动词均用原形。
You take that seat.你坐那个座位。
You mind your own business! 不关你什么事！
Somebody answer the phone please.请来个人接电话。
Nobody move！谁都别动！
否定式“Don’t＋动词原形”中也可以在动词前加上主语。如：
Don’t you forget it.你可不要忘了这事。
Don’t anyone open the door.谁也不许开门。
2．用and连接祈使句中两个并列的动词
祈使句中两个并列的动词用and连接，不用不定式符号to。如：
Come and see this goldfish.
来看这条金鱼。(不说Come to see...)
Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.
去给自己买双鞋吧。(不说Go to buy...)
在美式英语中，go后面可直接跟动词原形。如：
Go buy yourself a new pair of shoes.
3．祈使句＋and / or引导的并列句
此句型表示“条件与结果”并存，其中的祈使句可转换为if条件句。
Work hard and you will succeed.＝ If you work hard, you will succeed.
Hurry up, or you will miss the last bus.＝ If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the last bus.
Put on your coat or you’ll catch a cold.It’s cool outside.
外面凉快。穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。
注意：有时前面的祈使句可简化成一个名词短语。如：
A bit more effort and you will succeed.＝ Make a bit more effort and you will succeed.
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(　　)1.________ with farmers in the country in your summer vacation, and you will learn a lot about farming.
A．Work B．Working
C．To work D．Having worked
1．A。有些考生会认为前面是非谓语动词短语作状语，于是误选B、C或D。其实，前后两句之间有and连接，说明前面应该是一个独立的句子，因此正确答案为A，构成祈使句。
(　　)2.Start out right away, ________ you'll miss the first train.
A．and B．but
C．or D．while
2．C。本题是对“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”的考查。由于本题横线前后的两句之间为转折关系，故选项A可以首先被排除。选项B和D的含义和用法用在本题中也不合适。选项C中的or意为“否则”或“不然的话”，符合题意。
(　　)3.—I'm sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your test.
—How can that be I did it ________ in class.
A．as told B．as am told
C．as telling D．as I told
3．A。做此题时，有些考生会马上想到as引导的定语从句，从而误选B。其实，此空格处是方式状语从句的省略，正确答案为A。
(　　)4.After a close talk with the teacher, Tom has become a better student than ________.
A．that used to be B．he used to
C．he was used to D．he used to be
4．D。本题是对英语中动词不定式省略的考查。考生易错选B，认为只保留到不定式符号to即可。分析句子结构可知，used to be 表示“过去……”；当动词不定式中有be动词或have时，要对其进行保留；而在其他情况下保留到不定式符号to 即可。
(　　)5.—What should I do with this passage
—________ the main idea of each paragraph.
A．Finding out B．Found out
C．Find out D．To find out
5．C。本题考查省略回答。此题极易误选A，考生会认为是动名词短语作do的宾语。其实我们把该选项代入题目，便发现不符合题意。此题应选C，完整的句子应为：You should find out the main idea of each paragraph.句意：——我应该怎么处理这篇文章？——(你应该)弄清楚每段的中心思想。
(　　)6.—Who's made so much noise in the garden
—________ the children.
A．There are B．They are
C．That is D．It is
6．D。考查强调句型的省略。根据本题问句的结构，“Who”是主语，“has made”是谓语，可以断定答句中的“the children”是用来作句子的主语的，即：The children have made so much noise in the garden.答语用强调结构来强调主语the children。完整的答句为：It is the children who have made so much noise in the garden.其他选项均属“答非所问”。
(　　)7.He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ________ a native speaker.
A．as fluent as B．more fluent than
C．so fluently as D．much fluently than
7．C。本题后半句为省略句，补全后为but of course he can't speak ________ a native speaker。由此判断此处应该用副词来修饰speak，从而排除A、B两项；D项的结构明显不对。
(　　)8.Has she done her week's washing ________， I'll ask her to see a film tonight.
A．If so B．If not
C．If any D．If anything
8．A。句意：她已经完成了这周的清洗了吗？如果完成了的话，我想邀请她今晚去看电影。if so要表达的完整意思是“if she has done her week's washing”。
(　　)9.________ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A．If were I B．I were
C．Were I D．Was I
9．C。此处Were I是虚拟语气的条件句，表示与将来事实相反的情况，相当于“If I were”。此处省略了If, were应提前。
(　　)10.—What you said at the party hurt me deeply.
—Sorry, but ________.
A．I didn't mean it B．I didn't mean to
C．I don't mean it D．I don't mean to
10．B。根据上句可知此处指过去的情况，故用过去时。I didn't mean to.为I didn't mean to hurt you.的省略形式。
二十三、感叹句、省略句、祈使句
Directions：For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
(　　)1.Find ways to praise your children often, ________ you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
A．till B．or
C．and D．but
1．C。分析题干结构可知，句中前半部分是祈使句，后面是陈述句，联系语境可知，此处是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，故选C项。
(　　)2.—English has a large vocabulary, doesn't it
—Yes. ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A．Know B．Knowing
C．To know D．Known
2．A。答语部分的意思是：掌握更多的词汇和表达，你就会发现阅读和交流更容易了。该部分句型结构为：祈使句＋and＋陈述句，故正确答案为A。
(　　)3.________ for us to surf on the sea in summer!
A．What exciting it is
B．How exciting is it
C．What exciting is it
D．How exciting it is
3．D。在感叹句的用法中，what通常修饰名词，而how通常修饰形容词或副词。此处是“How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语”型的感叹句，故D项为正确答案。
(　　)4.—Will you go to the party
—Of course I will ________.
A．if invited
B．if having invited
C．if I was invited
D．if I will be invited
4．A。将句子补充完整：Of course I will go to the party if I am invited.很明显，主句中与上一句重复的内容及条件状语从句中的主语和be动词被省略了。
(　　)5.—What's the matter with Della
—Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still ________.
A．hopes to B．hopes so
C．hopes not D．hopes for
5．A。本题考查动词不定式的省略。她父母不允许她去参加晚会，但是她仍然希望去参加。将句子补充完整为“..., but she still hopes to go to the party”，很明显，此处保留了动词不定式符号to。
(　　)6.—Will you go home tomorrow evening
—No, I'm going to a lecture, or at least I am planning ________.
A．so B．to
C．it D．that
6．B。考查动词不定式的省略，完整的回答为：No, I'm going to a lecture, or at least I am planning to go to the lecture.
(　　)7.Francis, ________ born in Kentucky, lived and practised as a lawyer in Missouri.
A．was B．he was
C．although D．who he was
7．C。although之后省略了主语和be动词，可还原为：Francis, although he was born in Kentucky, lived and practised as a lawyer in Missouri.
(　　)8.________ different life today is from ________ it was fifty years ago!
A．What a；what B．How；what
C．What；what D．What a；how
8．B。题干是一个感叹句，第一个空格处所填词应该是修饰different的，故第一空应填How。题干的陈述句语序应是“Life today is different from ________ it was fifty years ago！”由此可知，第二空应填what，what在句中引导宾语从句，且在从句中作表语。
(　　)9.________ surprising it is you should not know what has happened!
A．What B．How
C．That D．It
9．B。句意：你竟然不知道发生的一切，真是太令人吃惊了。由于空格后面的surprising是形容词，所以用how。
(　　)10.Elizabeth believed the dog would die if ________ to her cruel owner so she kept it.
A．returning
B．was returned
C．it would return
D．returned
10．D。考查状语从句的省略。句意：Elizabeth认为如果把这条狗还给它的残暴的主人的话会死掉，所以她把它留了下来。if后面省略了the dog was，再由句意可知，后加returned构成被动语态。
(　　)11. I hear Mary was teaching English in a middle school at this time of last year and she still ______.
A. does B. did
C. was D. is
11．D。这是一个省略句，还原是：she still is teaching English in a middle school。
(　　)12.He left without a word as if ________.
A．never to return
B．never returning
C．he had never returned
D．he would never returning
12．A。考查状态从句的省略。as if后省略了he was。
(　　)13.________ and we'll finish the work ahead of time.
A．An hour earlier
B．If we start an hour earlier
C．Staring an hour earlier
D．Started an hour earlier
13．A。考查句式。句意：早一个小时，我们就会提前完成工作。祈使句＋and sb / sth will...是固定句式，该句式中的祈使句有时可换为名词短语。
(　　)14.—Who should be responsible for the accident
—The boss, not the workers. They just carry the orders ________.
A．as told B．as are told
C．as telling D．as they told
14．A。考查省略。答语句意：是老板而不是工人负责任。工人们只是奉命行事。as后省略了they are，所以接told。
(　　)15.________ U2, the Irish rock band from Dublin, perform a concert in Beijing, tell me in advance.
A．If B．Shall
C．Should D．Would
15．C。should意思是“万一”，表示可能性，通常用于条件句中。如果省略掉if，通常把should提前。此句可还原成If U2, the Irish rock band from Dublin, should perform...。