人教版（2019）选择性必修一：Unit 5 Working the land 单词学案（无答案）

　devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
(教材P50)Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life.
[例1]　We should devote everything we have.
[例2]　He devoted a great sum of money to books.
[知识拓展]
(1)devote...to (doing)sth.　 把……献给(做)某事
devote oneself to＝be devoted to 献身于；专心致力于
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
(3)devotion n. 奉献；关爱
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
Neighbors devoted their spare time to _______(help)others rebuild.
He could only devote two hours a day______ the project, but his ______to duty is worth respecting.他一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时，但他忠于职守是值得尊敬的。
　convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
(教材P50)Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
[例1]　Robert's expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence.
[例2]　She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong.
[知识拓展]
(1)convince sb.of sth. 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb.that... 使某人相信……
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
(2)convincing adj. 令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的
be convinced of 相信……
be convinced (that)... (某人)相信……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
I'm not completely _______ (convince)(that)he knew the importance of practice.
His speech was so _______ (convince)that everyone present believed what he said.
　assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
(教材P50)The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
[例1]　We mistook assumption that the price would fall.
[例2]　Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。
[知识拓展]
(1)make an assumption 认为；假定
(2)assume v. 假定；设想
assume sb./sth.to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that... 一般认为……
(3)assuming(that)... 假设/假定……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①_______ (assume)that it rains, what shall we do
[小片段填空]
In most cases a false_______ would lead to a problem for the project, since we usually tend to_______ that things will go the way we want. 在大部分的情况下，错误的假定会导致项目发生问题，因为我们通常倾向于假定事情会如我们所希望般的发生。
　overcome vt.(overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜
(教材P50)Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
[例1]　In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.
[例2]　I would overcome any weakness, any despair, any fear.
[知识拓展]
overcome difficulties 战胜困难
be overcome with 被（感情）控制，受到情绪的极大影响
[即学即练]——完成句子
他克服了种种困难最终取得了成功。He_______ and succeeded at last.
　expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
(教材P50)This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
[例1]　The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。
[例2]　The business has expanded greatly over the last year.
[知识拓展]
expansion （n.）扩大，增加
expand ...into...　 把……扩展/发展成……
expand into... 发展成/扩大成……
expand on sth. 细说(阐述)……
[即学即练]——完成句子
中国的信息产业正迅速发展。The information industries_______ in China.
　be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
(教材P50～51)Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
[例1]　The committee is comprised of representatives from both public and private sectors.
[知识拓展]
be composed of 由……组成
consist of 由……组成
be made up of 由……组成，构成
[即学即练]
救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。
The rescue team_______ eight soldiers and two doctors.
＝ The rescue team_______ eight soldiers and two doctors.
＝The rescue team_______ eight soldiers and two doctors.
知识要点7　poverty n．贫穷；贫困
(教材P54)It is celebrated in more than 150 countries, raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and poverty.
[例1]　The article shows a poverty of imagination.
[例2]　She has a deep understanding of social issues such as literacy，poverty and child care.
[知识拓展]
(1)in poverty　 处于贫穷之中
a poverty of 缺乏
below/above the poverty line 在贫困线之下/之上
(2)poor adj. 贫穷的；贫困的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
He was rich, but is now reduced to_______ (poor).
The poor man_______ poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway.
知识要点8　in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
(教材P55)This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.
[例1]　The girls took it in turn to wipe down the tables after meals.
[例2]　Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
[知识拓展]
in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
by turns 轮流；依次
take turns doing/to do... 轮流做……
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
It is my turn_______ (clean)the classroom this week.
当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。
When_______, I am too excited to speak.
知识要点9. essential adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的
*They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well.
*Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.
*(2019·江苏高考)The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should take people’s essential needs into account.
*(2019·天津高考)History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.
be essential to/for 对……很重要
It is essential that . . . (should) do. . . “做……是完全必要的”
It is essential for sb. to do. . . “对某人来说做……是完全必要的”
(1)语法填空。
①Sun and water are essential_______ the growth of crops.
②_______(essential), everyone has two ages: a chronological age and a biological age.
知识要点10　alternative n．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的
(教材P55)As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
[例1]　We returned by the alternative road.
[例2]　This kind of newspaper is alternative press.
[知识拓展]
(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做……的选择，可以做……
there's no alternative...but to do sth. ……别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
I had no alternative but_______ (accept)the offer.
We could walk or_______(alternative)we could go in Ted's car.
知识要点11　depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
(教材P56)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.
[例1]　The old man disappeared into the depths of the house.
[例2]　I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.
[知识拓展]
in depth　　　　　　 全面；深入；详细
from the depth of the mind 从心底里；真心地
at a depth of... 在……的深度
in the depths of 在正中；在深处
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
Plant the beans_______ a depth of about six inches.
②不能期望较年轻的学生有深刻的理解能力。Younger students cannot be expected to have great depth of understanding．
[小片段填空]
She belongs to herself.Nobody can measure the_______ of her heart, _______ as sea.
她属于自己，没有人能测出她心有多深，深似大海。
[名师点津]
adj. deep high wide long
n. depth height width length
v． deepen heighten widen lengthen
Sentence Patterns
　what引导主语从句
(教材P50)However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
[例1]　What we need is money.
[例2]　What I want to know is this.
[知识拓展]
what是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
[即学即练]——完成句子
小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for_______ ．
把你买的东西给我看看。Show me_______ ．
what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词＋that”。that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略。
That he survived the serious traffic accident was a wonder.
　It is/was＋过去分词＋that...
(教材P50～51)Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
[例1]　It is estimated that every year 50 unaccompanied children arrive in Britain.
[例2]　It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
[知识拓展]
(1)常用于此结构的动词有say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce等。
(2)此句型可改写为“sb./sth.＋be said/believed/thought＋to do”或“people say/think...(that)...”结构。
[即学即练]——完成句子/句型转换
据报道，三分之一的市民打算购买私家车。
_______ one third of citizens plan to buy a private car.
人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
It is said that he has passed the driving test.→He _______the driving test.
　given that...引导的状语从句
(教材P51)Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
[例1]　Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
[知识拓展]
(1)用作give 的过去分词，引出过去分词短语作状语，意为“如果有……”，“假定……”等义，此时要注意其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。
(2)可用作介词，后接名词或代词，意为“考虑到”或“鉴于”。
(3)用作形容词，意为“特定的”“一定的”“规定的”等，通常用作定语。
(4)given 后也可接 that 从句，表示“考虑到”。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换
If the trees had been given more attention, they could be grown better.
→_______the trees could have grown better.
重点句式4　not only...but also...句型
(教材P55)For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.
[例1]　Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also)an actor.
[例2]　Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
[知识拓展]
(1)该结构常用来连接并列成分，如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子，在意义上强调后者，其中also可以省略。
(2)“not only...but also...”连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则；当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时，第一个分句要用部分倒装，第二个分句不倒装。
[即学即练]——完成句子
不仅学生，而且他们的老师也喜欢踢足球。Not just the students but also their teacher_______ ．
他不仅能准确地说英语，而且说得很流利。Not only_______ correctly but he also speaks it fluently.
教材 高考
1.Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. (2020·天津卷)In the future，I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying，devoting myself to my work.
2.However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. (2019·浙江卷)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
3.One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.
4.The common assu mption then was that it could not be done. (2019·江苏卷)A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow up for one of the visitors' centers.
5.Through intense effort，Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)When I come across the problems of learning in my study，my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.