(共46张PPT)
Unit1 great scientists
listening
Listening
What do you know about Qian Xuesen Before you listen to the tape, look at the picture and the exercises and predict the content of the listening.
on page 6
钱学森（1911.12.11-2009.10.31），男，汉族，浙江杭州人。中国共产党优秀党员、忠诚的共产主义战士、享誉海内外的杰出科学家和中国航天事业的奠基人，中国两弹一星功勋奖章获得者。曾任美国麻省理工学院和加州理工学院教授及中国人民政治协商会议第六、七、八届全国委员会副主席、中国科学技术协会名誉主席、全国政协副主席。1995年5月，经中共中央宣传部批准，原西安交通大学图书馆更名为钱学森图书馆，江泽民主席为之题写了馆名。2011年，上海交大也建成钱学森图书馆。同年12月8日，纪念钱学森同志诞辰100周年座谈会在人民大会堂举行。
钱学森生于上海，祖籍浙江省杭州市临安县，是中国杰出的爱国科学家，是航空领域、空气动力学学科的第三代挚旗人，是工程控制论的创始人，是二十世纪应用数学和应用力学领域的人物。1923年9月进入北京师范大学附属中学学习，1929年9 月考入交通大学机械工程系铁道门[1]，1934年6月考取清华大学第二届公费留学生，1935年9月进入美国麻省理工学院航空系学习，1936年9月转入美国加州理工学院航空系，成为世界著名空气动力学教授冯·卡门的学生，并很快成为冯·卡门最得意的弟子。先后获航空工程硕士学位和航空、数学博士学位。 1938年7月至1955年8月，钱学森在美国从事空气动力学、固体力学和火箭、导弹等领域研究，并与导师共同完成高速空气动力学问题研究课题和建立“卡门-钱近似”公式，在二十八岁时就成为世界知名的空气动力学家，1958年任中国科学技术大学近代力学系主任。2009年10月31日上午8时6分，在北京逝世。享年98岁。
1950年，钱学森同志上港口时，被美国官员拦住，并关进监狱，而当时美国海军次长金布尔声称：“钱学森无论走到哪里，都抵得上5个师的兵力，我宁可把他击毙在美国，也不能让他离开。”钱学森同志由此受到美国政府迫害，失去自由。
1955年10月，经过周恩来总理在与美国外交谈判上的不断努力——甚至不惜释放11名在朝鲜战争中俘获的美军高级将领作为交换，钱学森同志终于冲破重重阻力回到了祖国，自1958年4月起，他长期担任火箭导弹和航天器研制的技术领导职务，为中国火箭和导弹技术的发展提出了极为重要的实施方案——为中国火箭、导弹和航天事业的发展作出了不可磨灭的巨大贡献。
1956年初，他向中共中央、国务院提出《建立我国国防航空工业的意见书》；同年，国务院、中央军委根据他的建议，成立了导弹、航空科学研究的领导机构——航空工业委员会，并任命他为委员。
Related words
rocket
satellite
astronomy
astronomer
astronaut
space programme
space industry
space institute
space flight
space ship
KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
astronomer
Mars
institute
I have no idea.
astronaut
admire
Look forward to
Right you are!
天文学家
火星
学会；协会；研究院
= I don’t know.
宇航员
欣赏；钦佩
期待
Listen to part 1 and 2 of the tape for the firdt time and write down the Main Idea:
It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the development
of space technology in China.
1. What did Qian Xuesen study first
2. What experience did he get in America that was very useful for China
3. What was Qian Xuesen’s main achievement when he returned to China
Listen to part 1 and answe these Questions
1. He first studied at university to be an engineer.
2. Work on rocket
3. He began his institute in China to design and build rockets to go into space.
Listen to part 2 and fill in the chart
China’s achievements in space Steve Smith’s ambitions
Chinese astronauts in space
Chinese satellites in space
become a rocket scientist
be the first to land on mars and put Qian Xuesen’s picture there
YP: What do you want to be when you ____ ____, Steve
SS: I want to be an astronomer and visit stars. I
wish to visit Mars one day.
YP: I think I’d like to work in the _____ industry
too. I’d like to be a rocket _______ like Qian Xuesen.
SS: What did he have to do to become a rocket scientist
YP: Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer.
Later he want to America to study for his ________
degree. It was then he began to work on _______.
grow up
space
scientist
doctor’s
rockets
Fill in the blanks
SS: So it was lucky for our _____ __________ that he
came back to China.
YP: Very much so. There was no work on space rockets
in China before he began his institute to ______ and
build rockets to go into space.
SS: Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of
his rockets
YP: I have no idea but I believe he ____ _______ ___ the
first space flight by a Chinese astronaut.
space program
design
look forward to
SS: Yes. Now China has sent ________ into space. I
hope that we’ll be ___ ___ to land on Mars. That would
really be something special and if I were that astronaut
I would put Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mars to show
how much we ______ his work.
YP: Indeed. He is rightfully called ___ _____ of the
Chinese space program. He is my hero and he is why
I want to be a rocket scientist.
SS: Well, we’d better ___ __ ____our homework. We need
good grades to get into university.
YP: Right you are. See you, then.
SS: See you.
satellites
the first
admire
the father
get on with
Mr Qian is preparing for a very important scientific programme. So there will be an interview to employ an assistant to help complete the programme.
Speaking
Pre-interview
Let’s share ideas to get ready for the interview
These questions may help you:
What kind of scientific job do you want to do
What personality will be needed
What work experience would be useful
Why are you so interested in this job
What education will you need
How long will the training take
How will you prepare for this career
Theses expressions may help you:
I always wanted to..because…
The experience I will need is …
I need to practise …
I think I’m good at … so …
I will need some training in …
I might find it difficult to …
My greatest problem will be to …
I will need to be/become
patient, creative, hard-working, co-operative, confident, brave, positive, pleasant, polite, determined, energetic, strict with, …
Sample conversation:
A : What do you want to do when you grow up
B: I want to build robots. I will have to do a physics and mathematics degree in China. After that I hope to go abroad to Reading University in England where you can study all about robots. There is a special cybernetics(控制论) department there.
A: What personality will be needed for that job
B: I think I need to be patient for my ideas which will take a long time to develop. I also need to be creative enough to have good ideas.
A: What experience will be most useful to you
B: I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory in my holidays.
A: What kind of person makes a good inventor
B: I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory in my holidays.
A: What kind of person will make a good inventor
B: I think someone who is happy to persevere at something and learns from his mistakes.
A: Thank you. I think designing robots sounds fun.
Answer key for Exercise 1:
Possible answers include:
Go to your teacher
Go to a natural museum and speak to a specialist
Look it up in a flower book
Listening
on page 41
Answer key for Exercise 2:
The correct answer is C.
Summary A is not correct because it does not give enough information.
Summary B is inaccurate.
Answer key for Exercise 3:
Biology,
book,
Sweden,
1707,
1778,
serious
Answer key for Exercise 4:
It means that his flower has already been identified and has a name.
He would know by checking his lily against other lilies in the specialist book. If his lily is different (for example in the number of petals or stamens) it will be a new species.
All plants have two names just like people. The first is the group of flowers they belong to and is like the family name. The second is the kind of flower within that group and is like a given/personal name.
Before Linnaeis there was no way of finding out whether a plant was new or not. This caused problems because different scientists claimed that they had found and named flowers first. After he organized his system it was easy to discover whether a plant was new or not and so who had the right to name it.
NAMING FLOWER
Robert Briggs (RB) is talking to Zhang Wei (ZW) about a new kind of lily he has found.
ZW: Hello Robert. What’s that book you’re carrying
RB: A book that helps you identify a flower.
ZW: I see. Why do you want that
RB: Well, I’ve found this lily. It looks different to me. So I want to find out if it’s new or not. Our biology teacher told me that If it’s already known, I’d find it in this book.
ZW: Wow! So you think may have found a new lily
RB: I hope so, but I have to do some research first to find out for sure.
ZW: What happens if It’s in the book
RB: It means that somebody else has found it and named it. Then I’ll know its biological name.
ZW: What do you mean by the biological name
RB: Actually like us a flower has two names. The first is the group of flowers it belongs to-like a family name. A rose is one such group. The second is the kind of flower-like a given name. It may describe what the rose looks like; for example, the colour of an autumn sunset.. Together you get the flower’s name, which is Rose Autumn Sunset.
ZW: Gosh! Who made that system
RB: A great scientist called Carl Linnaeus. He lived in Sweden from 1707 to 1778.
ZW: So long ago!
RB: Yes, and he solved a very serious problem for biology.
ZW: What was that
RB: Before him nobody could tell if a plant was new, as there was no way of checking. There’re so many plants, you see!
ZW: Yes, I appreciate that! So his system is still used
RB: Indeed it is. If my flower isn’t in this book, I’ll know that I’ve found a new kind of lily.
ZW: That’s great! Can I come and help you This research sounds fun.
RB: Yes, and if I’m lucky…(fading out)
Answer key for Exercise 1:
Students will give their own answers which may very.
Answer key for Exercise 3:
Tick all symbols except angle.
Listening Task
on page 44
Answer key for Exercise 4:
euler’s new branch of mathematics topology
Why Euler is considered to be a great mathematician
introduced many new symbols into maths
wrote more books than anyone before or since
discovered a new branch of mathematics
Suggest answers to Exercise 5:
It had a river running through it. The centre of konigsberg is an island and as it passes the island the river breaks into two parts. Seven bridges were built so that the people of the city could get from one part to another. The people wondered if you could walk around the city so that you would cross each bridge only once.
Suggested answers to Exercise 6:
There is no Euler path for this figure. Look at Figure 4 in the Reading task. It is a Euler path for Figure 3.
A MATHEMATICIAN’S PROBLEM
John Smith (JS) is talking to Zhao Yang (ZY) about a mathematician who interests him.
Part 1
JS: Do you know that we’ve been studying Euler in maths
ZY: Who is he I’ve never heard of him.
JS: Well, he was a famous mathematician in the eighteenth century. He revised all the pure mathematics that was know in his day.
ZY: That probably wasn’t very much.
JS: You’re wrong there. He wrote more than any other mathematician before or since.
ZY: Really! Well, what did he do
JS: He introduced a lot of symbols into mathematics such as pi and the terms sine and cosine.
ZY: Wow!
JS: And he did half of this work when he was blind.
ZY: How did he do that
JS: He told his ideas to someone else who wrote them down.
Part 2
ZY: What were his achievements
JS: He introduced a new branch of mathematics called topology. It helps you understand things by using diagrams. The subway map is a good example. It doesn’t tell you distances but it shows how stations connect together.
ZY: How did he start topology
JS: Well, in 1735 he was inspired by a problem in the city of Konigsberg where he lived. Look at the map in your book. Konigsberg had a river running through it.. The centre is an island. As the river passes the island. It breaks into two parts. Seven bridges were built over the river. Euler wondered if you could walk around the city so that you cross each bridge only once.
ZY: Let me try that. It sounds quite simple to me.
JS: Let me try that. It sounds quite simple to me.
JS: Try, but it’s not easy as it looks.
