Unit 1 Great Scientists整体单元课件

(共100张PPT)
Ningbo No 2 Middle school Caoyaping
Unit 1 Module 5
Teaching aim:
1.Help students understand how science has become so important in our life by examining some key scientific findings and famous scientists. At the end of the unit studnets will understand that there is more to science than chemistry, physics, biology and so on.
2.Help students understand that experiment must follow a particular procedure so that other scientists can check the findings by doing the experiment the same way and getting the same results.This is the safeguard for the accuracy of scentific results.
Teaching Arrangement:
Period 1: Warming up (P1); Listening (P41); Project (P47)
Period 2: Pre-reading , Reading and comprehending (P1-3)
Period 3: Language points
Period 4: Using language ---listening and speaking;Reading and writing(P6-8)
Period 5: Language points and Grammar
Period 6: Listening and Reading (P44-46)
Period 7: Writing (P8 or P47)
In the 18th and 19th centuries scientists all over the world made many important discoveries.
Name some famous scientists.
What are they famous for
Play a game called “Who Am I ”
Group Discussion
The First period
Yuan Longping-----
Father of Hybrid Rice
Who said …
"I saw rice plants as tall as Chinese sorghum,” he said of a dream he once had, “each ear of rice as big as a broom and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut."
张衡(78 AD - 139 AD), earliest astronomer in China Later Han Dynasty
seismograph and the Armillary Sphere (浑天仪) so as to observe the universe and predict earthquake
Stephen Hawking
People used to think that a star going near a “black hole” would be pull into it forever. He has shown that black holes may also push stars out into space.
Black holes
Marie Curie
Discovered radium
Two Nobel prizes, one for
physics (1903) and one for
chemistry (1911)
Albert Einstein
Theory of Relativity
Thomas Edison
The Inventions of Thomas Edison
Phonograph 留声机
Lightbulb
Motion Pictures
He invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities
Isaac Newton, (1642―1727)
Universal gravitation
Mona Lisa
Last Supper
(1452-1519) Italian artist
Leonardo da Vinci
Charles Darwin
(1808-1882)
Wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed
(1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712.
Thomas Newcomen
Gregor Mendel
(1822-1884)
Use peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children
Sir Humphry Davy
(1778-1829)British
Scientist.
Miniature Miner's Safety Lamp
Pair Work:
A---a reporter
B---one of the ten scientists
Use the following questions to help you:
What’s your nationality (I’m from…)
What are you interested in
What conclusion have you drawn
What are you proud of
What leads to your success (My cautiousness/ creativeness/ determination…leads to…)
Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish
He is often called the Father of Taxonomy(分类学). He succeeded in classifying the plants and animals into a system they worked.
Before-listening
1. Which plant and animal do you like best Can you classify them into a system
2. Ask students how they can find out the name of a flower.
Go to the teacher
Go to a natural museum and speak to a specialist.
Look it up in a flower book
…
While-listening
Choose which of the following statements most closely describes what this listening passage is about . Explain why the others are wrong.
A. This is about a man who wants to name a flower.
B. This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to own it.
C. This is about a man who finds a flower and wants to know if it is a new species of flower.
2. Listen to the tape again and try to complete the following passage.
To find the name of the unknown flower first you should ask your ________ teacher to help you. He /She will look in a special ________ written by Carl Linnaeus. He lived in __________ from _______to ______. He was very important because he solved a ________ problem for biology.
biology
1778
1707
Sweden
book
serious
3. Listen to it once more and answer the following questions:
If Robert Briggs finds the flower in the book, what does that mean
How would he know if his lily is a new species
Why do plants all have two names
What was the serious problem for biology that Linnaeus solved
4. Make a phone call according to the following situation
Imagine you are going to meet a specialist about a newly-found flower. Your partner will be the assistant for the flower specialist. You both need a description of the other so you can recognize each other when you meet.Now ring the assistant to sort out the necessary information.
Pair work (Using the following sentences)
How will I recognize you
What special features do you have
What will you wear
How will I know you
What do you look like
You can recognize me because…
I’m tall/short, fat/thin, young/old with…
My…looks a bit like…
I have large /small ,brown/green eyes with…
Use the library or the internet to find out about important scientists in medicine, physics, chemistry,biology, astronomy or mathematics. Prepare a talk on your chosen scientists. Remember to include some information about their life, their achievements and why they are considered important in science history.
Who is he
What is he famous for
SARS & Bird Flu
infectious disease
The Second Period
Bacteria of cholera
1.V. Cholerae classical biotype
霍乱弧菌古典生物型
2. V. Cholerae El Tor biotype
霍乱弧菌埃尔托儿生物型
Cause of cholera:
Eating food or drinking water that has been
contaminated with the bacteria.
Symptoms:
Cholera infects people’s intestines(肠道),
causing diarrhea(腹泻), vomiting(呕吐) and leg
cramps(腿部抽筋). A severe case can lead to
death. Sometimes cholera can be mild or even
without symptoms.
Way of treatment:
A mixture of sugar and certain salts that the
body needs must be mixed with clean water
and drink in large amounts
King Cholera
Broad Street in 1854
Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England.
In 1854, “the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom” began.It was so violent and sudden that 127people died in the first three days.
Pre-reading:
1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research
2. What order would you put the seven in
draw a conclusion think of a method
collect results make up a question
find a problem analyze the results
find supporting evidence repeat if necessary
Reading: Task1: Skimming
1. number the following events in the order that they happened.
John Snow began to test two theories.
An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
He announced that the water carried the disease.
John Snow invenstigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
King Cholera was defeated.
He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump
He had the handle removed from the water pump.
Answer: 2,1,4,7,3,8,5,6
Task 2: In groups read different paragraphs and find out relevant happenings in the passage.
Two theories
In 1854
500 , 10
16, 37, 38 and 40
20 ,21; 8,9
7,2
Two theories
In 1854
500 , 10
16, 37, 38 and 40
20 , 21; 8 , 9
7,2
The first suggested that…multiplied in the air; The second suggested…absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
Another outbreak hit London.
More than 500people had died in 10 days.
These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths
20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths….They didn’t drink the water from the Broad Street pump.
These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambri-
dge Street./ two other deaths linked to ….
Answer questions:
What helps John Snow find the clue about the cause of the disease
Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map Give the reason.
Task 3: Scanning
2. Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph.
John Snow wanted to use his knowledge
to solve and find out the cause and cure of
cholera.
He got interested in two theories
Explaining how cholera killed people.
He needed to prove the second theory
was correct. He marked on a map…
John Snow looked into the source of
the water for the two streets.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 5
Para. 6
Para. 7
Polluted water carried the disease
Finally “King Cholera” was defeated
Para. 4
The map gave a valuable clue…
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supplies be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
doctor
19th
cause
defeat
broke
marked
pump
source
examined
dealing
Group work: Discussion
What provention measures can be taken in our daily life in order to avoid cholera
1. Drink only water that you have boiled or treated with chlorine(氯) or iodine(碘)
2. Drink tea or coffee made with boiled water and carbonated, bottled beverages with no ice.
3. Eat only food that has been thoroughly cooked and is still hot, or fruit that you have peeled yourself.
4. Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish, raw salads and vegetables
5. Avoid food and drinks from street vendors….
Task 4: Read the passage and fill in this form.
Steps What/How
1.Find a problem
2.Make up a question
3.Think of a method
4.collect results
5.Analyse results
6.Find supporting evidence
7.Make a conclusion
8. Repeat if necessary
Steps: What/How
1.Find a problem
2.Make up a question
3.Think of a method
4.collect results
What causes cholera
Which theory is correct
Collect information on those who were ill or died and where they had lived
Mark information on a map to find out where people died or did not died
6.Find supporting evidence
7.Make a conclusion
5.Analyse results
Analyze the water to see if that is the cause of the illness
Find other evidence to support
the analysis
The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined.
8.Repeat if
necessary
Not necessary as the conclusion were so clear.
Structure Analysis:
What is the style of this passage
What’s the writing style of a report of this kind
Use formal language with few adjectives.
No speech except quotations.
Not emotional or vivid words of similes and metaphors.
Only one main character
Factual , not imaginative.
Structured according to experimental method.
Past tense and passive voice
A report
Introduction to the scientist (date/place/branch)
Life (nationality/education…)
Achievements
Key to success
Summary of importance in science and why you chose him/her.
2.A report about your favorite scientist
1.Write a short summary of the text.
3. Read “Notes to the text” on P76
The Third Period
( Language points and Learning about language)
Expain some language points in the
passage
1. characteristics (character)
2. put forward (put aside, put away, put down, put off, put on, put on speed/weight/a new play, put up a tent/a poster)
3. draw a conclusion
4. attend 5. expose…to
6. suspect 7. absorb (be absorbed in)
8. be to blame (blame sb for sth/sth on sb)
9. handle 10. be linked to
11. announce 12. instruct
Practice:
Finish Ex.1,2, on P4
Ex 1,2,3 on P42
Shenzhou
VI and its astronauts
The Fourth Period
Who is he
Born in China
Built China’s first rocket and missiles
graduated from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Father of the Chinese space programme
…
Qian Xuesen
Yu Ping is telling her friend Steve Smith about Qian Xueshen’s life. Listen to the tape and then answer the questions.
Task 1:
Listen to the material 2-3 times and do the following multiple choices
1. What did Qian Xuesen study first
A. to be an engineer B. to be a scientist
C. to be an astronaut
2. What experience did he get in American that was very useful for China
A. studying for his doctor’s degree.
B. working on space rockets there.
C. living in the United States
3. What was Qian Xuesen’s achievement when he returned to China from America
A. travelling into space
B. setting up a training center for astronauts
C. setting up a Space Institute to begin training people how to design and build rockets.
4. How has he been honored in China
A. the greatest scientist in China
B. the founder of the Machanics Institute
C. the father of the space programme
5. How would Steve honor him
A. put Qian Xuesen’s picture on Mar
B, collect Qian Xuesen’s picture in his spare time
C. major in astronomy
6. What’s China’s achievements in space according to this passage
A. Chinese astronauts have walked in space and laned on Mars
B. Chinese astronauts have stayed in space for a month and many satellites have been sent into space.
C. Chinese astronauts have made space flight and China has sent satellites into space
7. What’s Steve Smith’s ambitions
A. He wants to be a rocket scientist and be the first man to land on Mars
B. He wants to be the first astronaut walking in space.
C. He wants to be a scientist doing research on Mar
Speaking
In pairs discuss what scientific job each of you would like to choose in the future.
These questions may help you:
What job do you want to do
What education will you need What personality will be needed
How long will the training take
What work experience would be useful
How will you prepare for this career
These expressions may help you:
I always wanted to..because…
I might find it difficult to …
My greatest problem will be to …
The experience I will need is…
I need to practice…
I will need to be /become
patient, creative, hard-working, co-operative, confident, brave, positive, pleasant, polite, determined, energetic, strict with…
Task 2: Reading and writing
Copernicus
Pre-reading
We know Copernicus was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory.
Copernicus’ Revolutionary Theory
Two theories of the universe.
Before Copernicus’ theory
Showing Copernicus’ theory
The Earth was stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Sun and planets revolved around it. The Sun is stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Earth and the other planets orbit around it.
Task 1: Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false.
At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church was in charge of many western
countries.
2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth.
3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it.
T
F
T
4. His friends were not interested in his ideas.
5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.
6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe.
F
F
T
Task 2: Read through the passage again and answer the following questions
1.Why was Copernicus’ mind confused
Because his mathematical calculations led to the same conclution: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
2.Why couldn’t Copernicus tell the world his theory
Because his theory was against the powerful Christian Church’s idea. If he had done so he would have been punished severely.
3.How did he prove his theory
He thought long and hard and had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. Finaaly he found only his new theory could do that.
4.Can you describe his theory with a few words
The sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.
Discussion:
If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years Why or why not
As a scientist, Copernicus was more cautious than coward. If he had published his ideas at his time, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burnt to death because his theory was against the Christian Church’s. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.
Writing:
Now write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his idea so everyone can read them.
Task 1: Language points
revolution & revolutionary
Lead to
Make sense
spin---spun---spinning
Enthusiastic
cautious (be cautious about/of sb./sth)
The Fifth Period
Language points and past participle
Task 2 : Past participle
Find the sentences with the past
participles from the reading passage
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera
Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood
He became interested in two theories
… and soon the affected person died.
He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
John Snow immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove…
….
过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态（系动词+过去分词)
No wonder he is excited! (predictive)
可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：
delighted, disappointed, upset,
astonished, excited, frightened,
experienced, interested, qualified,
puzzled, exhausted, satisfied
Some explanations
Note: 过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。
My glasses are broken.
我的眼镜碎了。（状态）
My glasses were broken by my daughter.
我的眼镜被我女儿摔碎了。 （动作）
On the earth, 70% of the surface is covered with water.
地球表面70％是被水覆盖了。 (状态)
I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door. 敲门声使我大为吃惊。（动作）
过去分词作定语：
1. 分词可以用作前置定语，此时，分词和名词之间有两种语意关系：一种是分词表示主动（但时间上已经过去）；一种是分词表被动。
He is a retired worker.
他是一个退休工人。
This is a newly-developed device.
这是一个新开发的工具。
2. 过去分词作后置定语时，其功能当于一个定语从句。
1) But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people who were exposed to cholera.
2) With this evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease
(water that was polluted)
3.Rewrite the following sentences with the past participle as attributive.
Let’s try the bookstore that was opened last month.
Let’s try the bookstore opened last month.
Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.
Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it.
Yesterday, the President went to visit the workers who had retired.
Yesterday, the President went to visit the retired workers.
过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.
他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村，从未见过火车。
Practice:
Finish Ex 2, 3 and 4 on P5
Ex 1, 2 and 3 on P43
The Sixth Period
Listening ang reading
Different scientific subjects :
chemistry physics;
mathematics space science
community medical care
astronomy biology
electrcity genetics…
Which suject do you think is most
interesting and mysterious
Pre-listening
New words:
pure(纯的); symbol(符号);
sine(正弦) cosine(余弦);
topology(拓扑学) angle(角)
diagram(图表) (pi) (圆周率)
While- listening
Listen to part 1:
Tick the words above that Euler introduced into mathematics.
Answer: Tick all symbols except angle
Listen to part 2:
Answer following questions
What’s Euler’s new branch of mathematics
Topology
2.Why is Euler considered to be a great mathematics
introduced many new symbols into maths
wrote more books than anyone before or since.
discovered a new branch of mathematics.
3. What’s the problem of the city of Konigsberg
People wondered if they could walk around the
city so that they would cross each bridge only
once.
3. What’s the problem of the city of Konigsberg
It had a river running through it. The center of Kongigsberg ia an island and as it passes the island the river breaks into two parts. Severn bridges were built so that people of the city could get from one part to another. The people wondered if you could walk around the city so that you would cross each bridge only
once.
4. Try the problem for yourself or with your partner.Remember you must go over the whole figure without lifting your pencil from the paper or going over any line twice.
Reading task on P45
“Seven Bridges of Konigsberg” and the famous “Euler path”.
Skimming:
What’s Euler’s puzzle
Scanning:
Answer questions:
1. How did he try to solve the puzzle
2. What’s the meaning of “even points”
and “odd points
3. How many odd points are there in Fig 2 on page 45
4. How many odd points are there in Fig 4 on page 45
5. What’s Euler’s rule
6. Did his rule work with Fig 2 and 4
1.What are Euler’s theory？
(一笔画)
可以一笔画只有两种情况：
1. 没有奇数顶点。
(There is no odd point.)
2. 只有两个奇数顶点。
(There are only two odd points.)
如对此问题有兴趣的同学可登录：
http://www.e-/bbs/index.php
2. Solution to the problem according to Euler’s research:
Try more:
Choose one of them:
Pre-writing:
Present the students project
(Homework in Period 1)
A report ---Character introduction (Homework in Period 2) (P47)
A letter---Persuative writing
(Homework in Period 4) (P7-8)
The Seventh Period
Writing:
地点 北京北部
建筑面积 5．8万平方米，可容纳9万观众
开工/竣工时间 2003年12―――2007年
外观 犹如用树枝搭成的“鸟巢”
用途 奥运会期间可举办田径、足球比赛奥运会后将用于各类大型活动
评价 受到了世界各地专家的高度评价
书面表达:
你的澳大利亚笔友发来邮件，向你询问国家体育馆“鸟巢”的有关信息。请你根据下列提示给Tom回一封电子邮件，简单介绍“鸟巢”。
注意：
1. 词数100左右 2. 短文的开头已写好
3. 短文须包括所提供信息，但可适当增减以使行 文连贯
4. 参考词汇：田径track and field events 观众 spectators 大型的 large-scale
Dear Tom,
In your last e-mail, you showed a great interest in our National Stadium--- the Bird’s Nest.
Now I’d like to introduce it to you.
______________________________________
Chinglish sentences:
1. It looks like a bird nest, as if make up with many branched. So it called it.
2. There are ninety thousand spectators can see the match in the Bird’s Nest.
3. The beginning of building it is the year of 2003 and spent four years it finished.
4. It still have effective after Olympic, it is used in large-scale events.
5. As its name, it looks like a big bird’s nest which made into branches
6. It looks like using branches building up.
Word spelling
1. It can held more than 90000 spectators.
2. that’s why the enigors gave it this name.
3. Bird’s Nest began to built /begin to be builded at the winner of 2003. and complented in 2007.
4. The experilists who from al over the world speak highly of it.
5. the construct square is about 58000m…
6. The scientise/expects from all over the world speak highly of.
…
Grammar mistakes:
1. Standing in front of it, the Bird’s Nest reaally looks like a Bird’s Nest built by branches.
2. Compare with other stadium, it is a large-scale building.
3. The people all over the world are all speak highly of the Bird’s Nest.
4. after it which also can be used to hold large-scale events.
5. The Bird’s Nest was set about being built in Dec.2003….
6. It use to hold track and field events During ….. and After the… it used to hold some large active.
7. The Bird’s Nest was beginning at 12,2003. and it end in 2007.
8. It is start builded in 2003 and ended in 2007.
9. It is stayed at Northern part of Beijing.
Usage of words:
1. The Bird’s Nest sits/is sitted/is laid/take in/on/at the north /south/western of Beijing.
2. During Olympic Games, the Bird’s Nest will sent track and field events, football and so on.
3. It can include/sit/contain/including 0.9 million spectators.
4. The Bird’s Nest is a large place which can houses track and field events and football match.
5. It is really a proud of we Chineses people.
Good sentenses:
1. The Bird’s Nest is highly spoken by the experts in the different areas of the world.
2. During the Olympic Games many events will be held here, like track and field events and football games. （战凯）
3. Located in the north part of the Beijing city, the Bird’s Nest covers an area of 58 thousand square kilometers and can hold about 90 thousand spectators as well. (张冰融)
4. There is a general recognition among the specialists all over the world that no matter (what) the shape or the function of stadium (is) the Bird’s Nest is really successal (successful). (王绿野).
Compare the two compositions:
The Bird Nest is in the northern part of Beijing. And its area is about 58 thousand square metres. It can hold about 90 thousand spectators. The work began in December, 2003 and it will be finished in 2007. It really looks like a bird nest, which is made by branches. During the Olympic games, football track and field events can be held in it. After the Olympic games. It will be also used for other large-scale activities.
It is spoken highly by many experts all over the world. 高二（1）陈超
The spectacular stadium which seems like a huge bird nest covers an area of 58000m (square metres). It can hold 90,000 spectators to watch games at the same time. Now the building of the stadium has been finished. There track and field events, football final and amazing opening ceremony will be held during Olympics. What’s more, it has become one of the city symbols known to the whole world. Besides it makes us so proud that the experts in different countries speak highly of it.
Anyway it is a pride of Chinese people. If you have a chance, please come to Beijing to have
a look. 高二（1）杨宏容