2020-2021学年上海市第二中学高二上学期期中英语试题
II. Grammar
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Three scientists have won the 2020 Nobel Prize in physics for their discoveries related to massive objects called black holes.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Science said Tuesday it would give half of the $ 1.1 million prize to Roger Pen-rose of Britain's University of Oxford , ____1____(add) that he had used mathematics to prove that black holes were a direct result of "Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity."
Germany's Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez of the United States will share the other half of the physics prize. The academy honored the two scientists "____2____the discovery of a super-massive compact object at the center of our galaxy." That object was a large black hole. The physics prize celebrates ____3____the Nobel Committee called "one of the most exotic objects in the universe."
Galaxies are huge systems that contain billions of stars. Black holes might exist at the center of every galaxy. Nothing, not even light, ____4____escape their gravity. Time comes to a stop ____5____it gets closer.
Roger Pen-rose proved that the formation of black holes was possible. His work ____6____(base) heavily on Einstein's general theory of relativity. British astronomer Martin Rees noted it was Pen-rose's work ____7____fueled a "renaissance" in the study of relativity. He added, Pen-rose, together with Setphen Hawking, helped support evidence for the Big Bang and black holes. "Pen-rose and Hawking are the two Individuals ____8____have done more than anyone else since Einstein to deepen our knowledge of gravity," Rees said.
The first picture Genzel and Ghez got of the object was in 1995. A year later, another picture appeared to show that the stars near the center of the Milky Way were moving around
____9____. A third picture led Genze and Ghez to think they had discovered it. Andrea Ghez is the fourth woman ____10____(award) the Nobel Prize for physics. The others were Marie Curie in 1903 Marie Goeppert-Mayer in 1963, and Donna Strickland in 2018.
【答案】1. adding
2. for 3. what
4. can 5. as##when
6. was based
7. that 8. that##who
9. something
10. to be awarded
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了三位科学家因发现了称为黑洞的大质量物体而获得2020年诺贝尔物理学奖。
1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：瑞典皇家科学院星期二表示，将把110万美元奖金的一半捐给英国牛津大学的Roger Pen rose，并补充说他曾用数学证明黑洞是“阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的广义相对论”的直接结果。分析句子结构可知主句谓语动词是said，宾语从句谓语动词是would give，所以空格处是非谓语动词，且与主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填adding。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：科学院因为“在我们银河系的中心发现了一个超大质量的致密天体”表彰这两位科学家。根据句型honor sb. for sth.，意为：因为某事表彰某人。故填for。
【3题详解】
考查名词性从句引导词。句意：物理学奖是为了庆祝诺贝尔委员会叫做“宇宙中最奇异的物体之一”的东西。空格处引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作called之后的宾语，指物用what。故填what。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：任何东西，即使是光，都不能逃脱它们的引力。结合句意可知使用情态动词can，表示能够。故填can。
【5题详解】
考查连词。句意：当它变得更接近的时候，时间停止。结合句子可知考查时间状语从句，表示当……时候，用as或when。故填as/ when。
【6题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：他的工作主要基于爱因斯坦的广义相对论。根据短语be based on，意为：以……为基础，主语His work和base之间是被动关系，根据主句判断时态是一般过去时。故填was based。
【7题详解】
考查强调句。句意：英国天文学家马丁·里斯指出，正是潘·罗斯的工作推动了相对论研究的“复兴”。分析句子可知用到强调句式“it was+被强调部分+that”。故填that。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句引导词。句意：“潘·罗斯和霍金是自爱因斯坦以来在加深我们对引力的认识方面做得最多的两个人。”。空格处引导定于从句修饰先行词the two Individuals ，且在从句中作主语，指人用that或who均可。故填that/who。
【9题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：一年后，另一张照片似乎显示银河系中心附近的恒星正在围绕某个物体运动。根据句意可知应填入不定代词something，意为：某物。故填something。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：安德里亚·盖兹是第四位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。名词woman被序数词fourth修饰，应该用动词不定式作后置定语，the fourth woman 和动词award之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be awarded。
III. Vocabulary
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. countless B. exhausted C. comparison D. essential E. estimates F. featuresG. relatively H. cleared I. unfortunately J. recycled K. restricts
Rain forests, found in Earth's temperate and tropical zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain____11____, including a closed canopy, the dense vegetation of the top branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and____12____ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest's insect and animal life grows well in the canopy's leafy and sunlit environment. The forest's ground cover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun's light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils,____13____plant growth.
Rain forests are a(n)____14____ part of Earth's total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and____15____into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration（蒸发）. Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis（光合作用）, rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.
The rain forests are____16____shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are____17____in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly____18____. When farmers move on to new areas heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of____19____ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some _____20_____an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.
【答案】11. F 12. G
13. K 14. D
15. J 16. I
17. H 18. B
19. A 20. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。雨林位于地球的温带和热带地区，是地球上生物多样性最强的生态系统之一。不幸的是，由于农业、伐木和采矿等有利可图的冒险活动，雨林正在迅速萎缩。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：所有的雨林都有一些共同的特征，包括封闭的树冠，顶部树枝上茂密的植被形成了森林地面上的屋顶，潮湿温暖的气候，以及全年相对恒定的温度。所填单词作动词 share的宾语，形容词certain(某些)修饰复数名词，including后的部分表明填 features(特征)。故选F。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：所有的雨林都有一些共同的特征，包括封闭的树冠，顶部树枝上茂密的植被形成了森林地面上的屋顶，潮湿温暖的气候，以及全年相对恒定的温度。空格处单词修饰形容词constant，此处表达的是“相对恒定的温度”，应填副词relatively(相对地)。故选G。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：这种黑暗，加上土壤质量差，限制了植物的生长。此处在句子中作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是 This darkness，不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，结合句意选择动词 restricts(限制)。故选K。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：雨林是地球生态系统的一个重要组成部分。此处修饰名词part，结合句意，应填形容词 essential(极其重要的)。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：大量的水被吸收到树根中，并通过一个叫做蒸腾作用的过程从树叶中循环到大气中。此处与前面are absorbed并列作谓语，主语water与动词 absorb(吸收)、 recycle(循环)之间为被动关系，所以空格处填动词的过去分词。故选J。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：不幸的是，由于农业、伐木和采矿等有利可图的投机活动，雨林正在迅速减少，所填单词作状语修饰整个句子，结合句意用unfortunately(不幸的是)。故选I。
【17题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：当热带雨林被砍伐以饲养牲畜和农作物时，营养贫瘠的士壤很快就会枯竭。主语 tropical rain forests与动词clear(移走、清理)之间为被动关系，根据被动结构be+过去分词可知，此处应填 cleared。故选H。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当热带雨林被砍伐以饲养牲畜和农作物时，营养贫瘠的土壤很快就会枯竭。此处在句子中作表语，前面有副词修饰，结合句意应填形容词 exhausted(耗尽的、枯竭的)。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：伐木和采矿对土地造成了类似的破坏，摧毁了无数鸟类、昆虫和动物的领地。所填单词作定语修饰名词 millions，表示“数不清的”应用形容词 countless。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：据估计，每个月都会有一个面积相当于特拉华州的热带雨林以这种方式消失。by some estimates据估计，固定表达。故选E。
IV. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Freshmen are always fearful when learning they are to live with a roommate of a different race assigned by the computer casually. They are full of____21____at the uncertainties. Now several studies have found that____22____a room with a man of another race is a mixture of hope and fear. It decreases____23____and forces students to make friends with those of different races, meanwhile causes more conflicts.
An Ohio State University study found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher____24____success at college. Sam Boakye - the only black student on his freshman year floor said, "if you're____25____ by whites, you have something to prove like a good score in study." However, researchers also observed____26____ in this case. According to two recent studies, compared with two white roommates, roommates of different____27____may experience such big conflicts that one has to move out and live____28____.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not____29____by the findings. In her opinion, this may be the first time that some of these students have____30____with someone of a different race. At Penn, students are not asked to mention race when applying for their____31____. In this way, students are thrown together____32____.
"In the past two years, I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). To give a better picture, she____33____that some conflicts provided more multicultural acceptance, but some showed unpleasant differences. Besides, these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the____34____race.
Kao said it was____35____to conclude from any one of the above studies, saying scientists must study more student's background characteristics.
21. A. disappointment B. expectation C. worry D. ambition
22. A. decorating B. sharing C. managing D. renting
23. A. prejudice B. expense C. dependence D. understanding
24. A. athletic B. economic C. social D. academic
25. A. controlled B. buried C. attacked D. blamed
26. A. practices B. chances C. changes D. problems
27. A. positions B. nations C. races D. majors
28. A. angrily B. separately C. closely D. happily
29. A. surprised B. satisfied C. confused D. convinced
30. A. played B. lived C. worked D. learned
31. A. account B. scholarship C. housing D. course
32. A. randomly B. secretly C. forcefully D. terribly
33. A. approved B. complimented C. added D. adopted
34. A. same B. friendly C. competitive D. peaceful
35. A. unsuccessful B. unnecessary C. unscientific D. unusual
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。研究发现，大一新生入学时不同种族学生混居的安排既有好处，也有坏处，宾夕法尼亚大学教授Grace Kao对此发表了自己的看法。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对不确定性充满了担忧。A. disappointment失望；B. expectation期待；C. worry担忧；D. ambition雄心。根据上文“Freshmen are always fearful when learning they are to live with a roommate of a different race ”可知，得知要与不同种族室友混住时，学生会感到担心。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在几项研究发现，与另一个种族的人同住一间房间既带来希望也带来担忧。A. decorating装饰；B. sharing分享；C. managing管理；D. renting租。根据上文“they are to live with a roommate of a different race”可知，他们是与不同种族的人住在一起，共享(share)一个房间。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它能减少了偏见，促使学生与不同种族的人交朋友，同时也会带来更多的冲突。A. prejudice偏见；B. expense花费；C. dependence依靠；D. understanding理解。根据上文“a mixture of hope...”和下文“forces students to make friends with those of different races”可推知，与不同种族的人住在一起也会有好处，可以减少偏见(prejudice)，让不同种族的人成为朋友。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：俄亥俄州立大学的一项研究发现，与白人室友住在一起的黑人学生在大学里取得了更高的学业成就。A. athletic运动的；B. economic经济的；C. social社会的；D. academic学业的，学术的。根据下文黑人学生Sam Boakye的话“if you're 5 by whites, you have something to prove like a good score in study”可知，白人中的黑人学生要通过a good score来证明自己，所以他们往往会有较好的学业(academic)成绩。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大一时期，楼层唯一的黑人学生山姆·博阿凯说：“如果你周围都是白人，你就需要证明一些东西，比如学习成绩好”。A. controlled控制；B. buried埋；C. attacked攻击；D. blamed责备。根据上下文可知，作者用黑人的学生Sam Boakye的情况来证明上文“black students living with a white roommate saw higher 4 success at college.”这一观点，由此推知，Sam Boakye是生活在白人学生群体里的黑人学生，所以他是周围都白人学生，他觉得自己被“埋”在白人群体中。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究人员也在这种情况下发现了问题。A. practices练习；B. chances机会；C. changes改变；D. problems问题。根据句中表转折的连接副词“However”和下文“such big conflicts”可知，在上文说完好处后，文章开始讲不同种族的人住在一起引发的问题。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的两项研究，与两个白人室友相比，不同种族的室友可能会经历很大的冲突，以至于其中一个不得不搬出去分开住。A. positions位置；B. nations国家；C. races种族；D. majors专业。根据上文和句中“compared with two white roommates”可知，句中与“two white roommates”进行比较的是两个不同种族的室友。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的两项研究，与两个白人室友相比，不同种族的室友可能会经历很大的冲突，以至于其中一个不得不搬出去分开住。A. angrily愤怒地；B. separately分别地；C. closely紧密地；D. happily幸福地。根据句中“one has to move out”可知，两个不同种族的室友发生冲突后，其中一个必须搬离，要分开住。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：宾夕法尼亚大学教授格蕾丝·高表示，她对这些发现并不感到惊讶。A. surprised吃惊的；B. satisfied满意的；C. confused困惑的；D. convinced确信的。根据下文“In her opinion, this may be the first time that some of these students have 10 with someone of a different race.”可知，Grace Kao知道这些同学很可能是第一次与不同种族的人一起生活，鉴于此，他们之间发生冲突就不是令人吃惊的事情了。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她看来，这可能是这些学生第一次和不同种族的人住在一起。A. played玩耍；B. lived生活；C. worked工作；D. learned学习。根据上文可知，文章的主题就是不同种族的学生混居带来的问题，所以句中指“与不同种族的学生生活(live)在一起”。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在宾夕法尼亚大学，学生在申请住房时不会被要求提及种族。A. account账户；B. scholarship学术；C. housing房屋；D. course课程。根据结合本文话题“不同种族的学生混居”和下文“In this way, students are thrown together ”可知，句中说的是学生申请住房。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这样，学生们就被随机地分到一起了。A. randomly任意地，未计划地；B. secretly秘密地；C. forcefully强有力地；D. terribly可怕地。根据上文“students are not asked to mention race”可知，分配房间时不问种族，所以学生是随机分配的。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了更好地说明，她补充说，一些冲突带来了更多的多元文化认同，但一些冲突显示了令人不快的差异。A. approved证明；B. complimented赞扬；C. added补充说；D. adopted收养，采纳。根据句中“To give a better picture”和下文她所说内容可知，为了更好的描述情况，她做了补充。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，这些冲突也发生在同一种族的室友之间。A. same同样的；B. friendly友好的；C. competitive竞争的；D. peaceful和平的。根据句中副词“Besides”和“also”可知推知，上下文有递进关系，这种冲突不仅出现在不同种族的室友间，也出现在相同种族的室友间。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，从上述任何一项研究得出结论都是不科学的，科学家必须研究更多学生的背景特点。A. unsuccessful不成功的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. unscientific不科学的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据下文“scientists must study more student's background characteristics ”可知，Kao认为科学家还需要进行更深入细致的研究，所以现在就从上述研究中得出结论为时尚早，是不科学的。故选C项。
V. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Shopping therapy has long been considered as a good way to let off stress. Now US scientists have discovered not only does shopping therapy exist, but that it could be caused by an individual's fear of sudden death. Researchers found materialistic people thought terrorism and war more stressful than others.
Psychologists believe the rise of materialism around the world and its treatment effect on extreme stress might be a response to fear of death caused by acts of terrorism, disease and natural disasters.
The scientists from Michigan State University said people with possession obsessions often have lower self-esteem than others so are more likely to shop as the result of severe psychological suffering.
Ayalla Ruvio, a business professor studying people's shopping habits while rockets fell in Israel, said, "When the going gets tough, the materialistic people go shopping. This stress spending is likely to produce even greater stress and lower well-being. Essentially, materialism appears to make bad events even worse."
Dr Ruvio led a two-part study of Israeli citizens living in a town that came under extreme rocket attacks for about six months in 2013. She compared 139 residents of the southern town with 170 from another town that was not under attack to see how their symptoms of post-traumatic stress and shopping habits varied. Dr Ruvio found that, when faced with a deadly threat, those who are highly materialistic suffered much higher levels of stress, while their tendency to shop was increased.
Dr Ruvio said, "The relationship between materialism and stress be more harmful than commonly thought."
The second stage of their research surveyed 855 Americans about their materialistic nature and fear of death. They found shopping was used to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety about death but this was in response to fear of a variety of life-threatening events like car accidents, criminal attacks and natural disasters.
36. Which of the following opinion is NOT right according to the text
A. Terrorism is believed to easily cause the rise of materialism
B. The materialistic find terrorism and war more stressful than others.
C. The scientists think people with possession obsessions suffer a lot mentally.
D. The scientists think possession obsessions help people get self-respect.
37. What's the result about Dr Ruvio research
A. Impulsive spending does good to people's health.
B. Faced with great stress, people feel hopeless for life.
C. Shopping can't lower one's stress as it is expected.
D. Faced with threat, people's wish to shop will decrease.
38. Which of the following events threaten people's life
① Greater stress; ② Car accidents; ③ Criminal attacks; ④ Natural disaster;
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④
39. What's the main idea of the passage
A. Can greater stress lead of the passage
B. Does shopping help lead to shopping
C. Is shopping very important in people's life
D. Can shopping reduce stress and relieve the fear of death
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国科学家认为购物能减轻压力以及对死亡的恐惧，但以色列的Ayalla Ruvio教授通过研究发现购物并不能像预期的那样减轻压力，反而会使情况变得更糟。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The scientists from Michigan State University said people with possession obsessions often have lower self-esteem than others so are more likely to shop as the result of severe psychological suffering.”（密歇根州立大学的科学家们说，沉迷于妄想的人通常比其他人的自尊心要低，因此他们更可能因为严重的心理痛苦而购物）可知，D项（科学家们认为沉迷于妄想能帮助人们获得自尊）表述不正确，故选D。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Ayalla Ruvio, a business professor studying people's shopping habits while rockets fell in Israel, said, "When the going gets tough, the materialistic people go shopping. This stress spending is likely to produce even greater stress and lower well-being. Essentially, materialism appears to make bad events even worse.”（Ayalla Ruvio是一位研究以色列火箭失事时人们购物习惯的商业教授，他说：“当情况变得艰难时，物质主义者就会去购物。这种压力支出可能会产生更大的压力，降低幸福感。从本质上说，物质主义似乎会让糟糕的事情变得更糟）可知，Ayalla Ruvio教授的研究发现购物并不能像预期的那样减轻压力，反而会使情况变得更糟，故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“They found shopping was used to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety about death but this was in response to fear of a variety of life-threatening events like car accidents, criminal attacks and natural disasters.”（他们发现，购物是用来缓解压力和对死亡的焦虑，但这是对各种危及生命的事件的恐惧的反应，如车祸、犯罪袭击和自然灾害）可知，威胁到人们生活的事件是车祸、犯罪袭击和自然灾害，故选B。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Shopping therapy has long been considered as a good way to let off stress. Now, US scientists have discovered not only does shopping therapy exist, but that it could be caused by an individual's fear of sudden death. Researchers found materialistic people thought terrorism and war more stressful than others.”（购物疗法一直被认为是一种缓解压力的好方法。现在，美国科学家发现，购物疗法不仅存在，而且可能是由个人对猝死的恐惧引起的。研究人员发现，与其他人相比，物质主义者认为恐怖主义和战争更有压力）以及第四段“Ayalla Ruvio, a business professor studying people's shopping habits while rockets fell in Israel, said, "When the going gets tough, the materialistic people go shopping. This stress spending is likely to produce even greater stress and lower well-being. Essentially, materialism appears to make bad events even worse.”（Ayalla Ruvio是一位研究以色列火箭失事时人们购物习惯的商业教授，他说：“当情况变得艰难时，物质主义者就会去购物。这种压力支出可能会产生更大的压力，降低幸福感。从本质上说，物质主义似乎会让糟糕的事情变得更糟）可知，美国科学家认为购物能减轻压力以及对死亡的恐惧，但以色列的Ayalla Ruvio教授通过研究发现购物并不能像预期的那样减轻压力，反而会使情况变得更糟，全文都是围绕“购物是否能减轻压力和对死亡的恐惧”而展开，故选D。
(B)
UNITED AIRLINES
PRINTED AT ALBANY N.Y. AIRPORT ON JULY 10, 2019 11:15 A.M.
Dear Valued Customers,
We regret that your baggage was not available to claim after your recent flight. Everything possible will be done to locate your property and return it to you promptly. For information regarding your delayed baggage, contact the United Airlines Baggage Centre at its 24 hours seven days a week.
Number: 281-821-3536 (Local N. Y. number) Or visit www.united.
As soon as you file your Delayed Baggage Report, United Airlines will begin to tract for your baggage system. Our Baggage Recovery Office staff will make every effort to call you once a day to keep you updated on our progress. Please refer to the File Reference Number on this receipt when corresponding or calling so that we quickly access your records.
Keep this receipt with your claim check and E-ticket receipt until your baggage is reutrned to you. In most circumstances, United Airlines will deliver your baggage when it is located. Delivery times very depending on location.
If your baggage has not been returned to you with the initial five-day tracing period, please download a claim form at www.united.. Return it to us with the required documentation included.
DELAYED BAGGAGE REPORT
FILE REFERENCE. ALBUA 25876
Name JOHN JACKSON Contact Number 902-247-9999 Email minminvt@
Delivery Address 66 MOONBROOK DR BRANDON VERMONT USA 05745
Bag Tag 0373876571 0037387643
Description Soft-side upright suitcase Non-zippered, hand-side horizontalsuitcase
40. To make the customer informed of the process, the staff at the Baggage Recovery Office will ________.
A. contact the customer on the telephone twice a day
B. ask the customers to fill in Delayed Baggage Report
C. update the process information online every day
D. ask the customer to pay in advance a sum of money
41. What can we learn about the passenger John Jackson
A. He should call 902-247-9999 for the information regarding his delayed baggage.
B. He cannot deal with his delayed baggage on line until July 17. 2019.
C. He should go to the airport to claim his baggage when it is found.
D. He can get information about his delayed baggage at any hour of the day.
42 Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. United Airlines will find your baggage even if you forget to fill in the Delayed Baggage Report.
B. When the baggage will be sent back to its owner depends on the amount of deposit.
C. John Jackson should have the Reference Number on hand when calling United Airlines
D. The detailed information of John Jackson's baggage is not mentioned in the delayed baggage report.
43. The main purpose of the passage is________.
A. to tell passengers the news that their baggage is delayed
B. to instruct the passengers how to get back the delayed baggage
C. to provide information about the location of the delayed baggage
D. to inform the passenger of the time when the delayed baggage can be delivered
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. C 43. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文中联合航空公司告知乘客如何取回延误的行李。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“As soon as you file your Delayed Baggage Report, United Airlines will begin to tract for your baggage system.”（一旦您提交延迟行李报告，联合航空公司将开始跟踪您的行李系统。）由此可知，为了让顾客知道这个过程，行李取回处的工作人员会要求顾客填写延误的行李报告。故选B项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“For information regarding your delayed baggage, contact the United Airlines Baggage Centre at its 24 hours seven days a week.”（有关您行李延误的信息，请与美国联合航空行李中心联系，该中心每周7天24小时提供服务。）由此可知，John Jackson可以在一天的任何时间得到关于他延误行李的信息。故选D项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Please refer to the File Reference Number on this receipt when corresponding or calling so that we quickly access your records.”（通讯或打电话时，请参阅此收据上的档案编号，以便我们迅速查阅您的记录。）由此可知，约翰·杰克逊打电话给联合航空公司的时候应该有参考号码在手。故选C项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据“We regret that your baggage was not available to claim after your recent flight. Everything possible will be done to locate your property and return it to you promptly. For information regarding your delayed baggage, contact the United Airlines Baggage Centre at its 24 hours seven days a week.”（很遗憾，在您最近的航班后，您的行李无法领取。我们将尽一切可能找到您的财产，并尽快归还您。有关您行李延误的信息，请与美国联合航空行李中心联系，该中心每周7天24小时提供服务。）以及下文所提供给乘客的电话号码，所要求填写的延误的行李报告单。由此判断出，短文的主要目的是指导乘客如何取回延误的行李。故选B项。
Section B
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. ___44___ For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. ___45___
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. ___46___ The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. ___47___ Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements.
B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
C. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.
D. Individual differences are most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.
E. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice.
F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.
【答案】44. F 45. B 46. E 47. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了人们从事志愿工作的原因。
【44题详解】
空后说例如，人们志愿表达与无私有关个人价值观，扩大他们的经验范围，并加强社会关系，这是对空处的举例说明，因此空处应该会提到让人们参与志愿服务的因素，故F项（研究人员发现了几个促使人们参与志愿服务的因素）符合语境。
【45题详解】
空前说这些项目可以将人们的参与意愿从一个内部因素（例如，“我志愿服务是因为对我很重要”）转变为一个外部因素（例如，“我志愿服务是因为我必须这样做”），当这种情况发生时，人们在以后不太可能成为志愿者，此处是对人们的参与意愿的一个总结，故B项（当人们把志愿活动作为一种必须时，他们必须对这种可能性保持敏感）符合语境。
【46题详解】
空前说研究人员发现，作为志愿者，影响他们满意度的最重要因素之一是他们在志愿者岗位上经历的受苦程度，此处承接上文，是对这个研究结果的评价，故E项（虽然这个结果可能不会让你惊讶，但它会带来重要的实用建议）符合语境。
【47题详解】
空前说另一项针对芝加哥医院302名志愿者的研究集中在人们将“志愿者”视为重要社会角色的程度上的个体差异，此处承接上文，讲的是社会角色与志愿者之间的关系，故C项（人们认为，那些以志愿者身份为主要身份的人也最有可能继续从事志愿者工作）符合语境。
【点睛】在六选四的解题过程中，空后出现的for example和for instance往往是重要线索，因为这通常是对空处的举例说明，例如本篇第1题，根据空后的“For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.”可知，例如，人们志愿表达与无私有关的个人价值观，扩大他们的经验范围，并加强社会关系，“For example”表明所提到的几个原因是对空处的举例说明，因此空处应该会提到让人们参与志愿服务的因素，故F项（研究人员发现了几个促使人们参与志愿服务的因素）符合语境。
VI. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
48. 你不应该参照这份报告里的数据，它们未必精确。(refer to) (汉译英）
【答案】You should not refer to the data in this report. They are not necessarily accurate.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、情态动词和时态。根据汉语提示可知，主语为you ,动词为 should not后接动词原形refer to“ 参照”， refer to 后接名词the data作宾语， in this report 为介词短语作状语。第二个句子为主系表结构，主语为they， are为系动词，accurate 作表语，necessarily修饰形容词accurate。故翻译为：You should not refer to the data in this report. They are not necessarily accurate.
49. 课上与学生互动被证明是提高教学效率最有效的方法之一。(prove) (汉译英）
【答案】Interacting with students in class has proved to be one of the most effective ways to improve teaching efficiency.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查短语、动名词和时态。本句为现在完成时，prove to be（被）证明是；interact with sb与某人互动；one of the most effective ways to improve teaching efficiency提高教学效率最有效的方法之一，不定式作后置定语；句子为动名词短语Interacting with students in class作主语，谓语动词用单数，故翻译为：Interacting with students in class has proved to be one of the most effective ways to improve teaching efficiency.
50. 参加了三个月的培训课程后，他具备了当教练的资格。(qualify) (汉译英）
【答案】Having studied in a training courses for three months, he was qualified as an instructor.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定短语、时态和非谓语动词。根据句意表示“参加培训课程”可知短语为study in a training course；表示“具备了……的资格”可知短语为be qualified as，后跟单数名词instructor，作宾语，主语为he；分析句子结构可知，此处study在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语he构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，且“参加培训课程”发生在“具备资格”之前，应用having done形式；结合语境，应用一般过去时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Having studied in a training courses for three months, he was qualified as an instructor.
51. 过了四年李磊才在这个关于科技应用的演讲比赛中获得了一等奖，并被授予“最佳发言人”称号。(before) (汉译英）
【答案】It was four years before Li won the first prize in the speech contest on the application of technology and was awarded the title of “Best Speaker”.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时和被动语态及固定句型。根据中文提示可知，表示“过了四年才……”可以用It is four years before…句型表达。表示“获得一等奖”译为：win the first prize；表示“在这个关于科技应用的演讲比赛中”译为：in the speech contest on the application of technology；表示 “被授予……的称号”译为：be awarded the title of…；“最佳发言人”为专有名词，译为：Best Speaker。根据意思可知，句子为一般过去时，动词用过去式。句子可以译为：It was four years before Li won the first prize in the speech contest on the application of technology and was awarded the title of “Best Speaker”. 故填：It was four years before Li won the first prize in the speech contest on the application of technology and was awarded the title of “Best Speaker”.
VII. Summary Writing
52. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.
If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm.
Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.(280 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Conflict can lead to violence, so students should be taught how to handle it./ Conflict is inevitable and minor insults may cause it./ Staying calm, avoiding aggressive words is the priority./ To promote mutual understanding, they should listen to each other and ask question./ Finally, thinking about what they are hearing can help minimize misunderstanding.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括冲突可能导致暴力，所以学生应该学会如何处理冲突。冲突是不可避免的，轻微的侮辱可能导致冲突，所以保持冷静，避免攻击性语言是优先考虑的。为了增进相互理解，他们应该互相倾听并提出问题，想想他们听到了什么，可以帮助减少误解。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。上海市第二中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期中卷
II. Grammar
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Three scientists have won the 2020 Nobel Prize in physics for their discoveries related to massive objects called black holes.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Science said Tuesday it would give half of the $ 1.1 million prize to Roger Pen-rose of Britain's University of Oxford , ____1____(add) that he had used mathematics to prove that black holes were a direct result of "Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity."
Germany's Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez of the United States will share the other half of the physics prize. The academy honored the two scientists "____2____the discovery of a super-massive compact object at the center of our galaxy." That object was a large black hole. The physics prize celebrates ____3____the Nobel Committee called "one of the most exotic objects in the universe."
Galaxies are huge systems that contain billions of stars. Black holes might exist at the center of every galaxy. Nothing, not even light, ____4____escape their gravity. Time comes to a stop ____5____it gets closer.
Roger Pen-rose proved that the formation of black holes was possible. His work ____6____(base) heavily on Einstein's general theory of relativity. British astronomer Martin Rees noted it was Pen-rose's work ____7____fueled a "renaissance" in the study of relativity. He added, Pen-rose, together with Setphen Hawking, helped support evidence for the Big Bang and black holes. "Pen-rose and Hawking are the two Individuals ____8____have done more than anyone else since Einstein to deepen our knowledge of gravity," Rees said.
The first picture Genzel and Ghez got of the object was in 1995. A year later, another picture appeared to show that the stars near the center of the Milky Way were moving around
____9____. A third picture led Genze and Ghez to think they had discovered it. Andrea Ghez is the fourth woman ____10____(award) the Nobel Prize for physics. The others were Marie Curie in 1903, Marie Goeppert-Mayer in 1963, and Donna Strickland in 2018.
III. Vocabulary
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. countless B. exhausted C. comparison D. essential E. estimates F. featuresG. relatively H. cleared I. unfortunately J. recycled K. restricts
Rain forests, found in Earth's temperate and tropical zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain____11____, including a closed canopy, the dense vegetation of the top branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and____12____ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest's insect and animal life grows well in the canopy's leafy and sunlit environment. The forest's ground cover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun's light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils,____13____plant growth.
Rain forests are a(n)____14____ part of Earth's total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and____15____into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration（蒸发）. Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis（光合作用）, rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.
The rain forests are____16____shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are____17____in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly____18____. When farmers move on to new areas heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of____19____ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some _____20_____an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.
IV. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Freshmen are always fearful when learning they are to live with a roommate of a different race assigned by the computer casually. They are full of____21____at the uncertainties. Now several studies have found that____22____a room with a man of another race is a mixture of hope and fear. It decreases____23____and forces students to make friends with those of different races, meanwhile causes more conflicts.
An Ohio State University study found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher____24____success at college. Sam Boakye - the only black student on his freshman year floor said, "if you're____25____ by whites, you have something to prove like a good score in study." However, researchers also observed____26____ in this case. According to two recent studies, compared with two white roommates, roommates of different____27____may experience such big conflicts that one has to move out and live____28____.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not____29____by the findings. In her opinion, this may be the first time that some of these students have____30____with someone of a different race. At Penn, students are not asked to mention race when applying for their____31____. In this way, students are thrown together____32____.
"In the past two years, I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). To give a better picture, she____33____that some conflicts provided more multicultural acceptance, but some showed unpleasant differences. Besides, these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the____34____race.
Kao said it was____35____to conclude from any one of the above studies, saying scientists must study more student's background characteristics.
21. A. disappointment B. expectation C. worry D. ambition
22. A. decorating B. sharing C. managing D. renting
23. A. prejudice B. expense C. dependence D. understanding
24. A. athletic B. economic C. social D. academic
25. A. controlled B. buried C. attacked D. blamed
26. A. practices B. chances C. changes D. problems
27. A. positions B. nations C. races D. majors
28. A. angrily B. separately C. closely D. happily
29. A. surprised B. satisfied C. confused D. convinced
30. A. played B. lived C. worked D. learned
31. A. account B. scholarship C. housing D. course
32. A. randomly B. secretly C. forcefully D. terribly
33. A. approved B. complimented C. added D. adopted
34. A. same B. friendly C. competitive D. peaceful
35. A. unsuccessful B. unnecessary C. unscientific D. unusual
V. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Shopping therapy has long been considered as a good way to let off stress. Now, US scientists have discovered not only does shopping therapy exist, but that it could be caused by an individual's fear of sudden death. Researchers found materialistic people thought terrorism and war more stressful than others.
Psychologists believe the rise of materialism around the world and its treatment effect on extreme stress might be a response to fear of death caused by acts of terrorism, disease and natural disasters.
The scientists from Michigan State University said people with possession obsessions often have lower self-esteem than others so are more likely to shop as the result of severe psychological suffering.
Ayalla Ruvio, a business professor studying people's shopping habits while rockets fell in Israel, said, "When the going gets tough, the materialistic people go shopping. This stress spending is likely to produce even greater stress and lower well-being. Essentially, materialism appears to make bad events even worse."
Dr Ruvio led a two-part study of Israeli citizens living in a town that came under extreme rocket attacks for about six months in 2013. She compared 139 residents of the southern town with 170 from another town that was not under attack to see how their symptoms of post-traumatic stress and shopping habits varied. Dr Ruvio found that, when faced with a deadly threat, those who are highly materialistic suffered much higher levels of stress, while their tendency to shop was increased.
Dr Ruvio said, "The relationship between materialism and stress be more harmful than commonly thought."
The second stage of their research surveyed 855 Americans about their materialistic nature and fear of death. They found shopping was used to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety about death but this was in response to fear of a variety of life-threatening events like car accidents, criminal attacks and natural disasters.
36. Which of the following opinion is NOT right according to the text
A. Terrorism is believed to easily cause the rise of materialism
B. The materialistic find terrorism and war more stressful than others.
C. The scientists think people with possession obsessions suffer a lot mentally.
D The scientists think possession obsessions help people get self-respect.
37. What's the result about Dr Ruvio research
A. Impulsive spending does good to people's health.
B. Faced with great stress, people feel hopeless for life.
C. Shopping can't lower one's stress as it is expected.
D. Faced with threat, people's wish to shop will decrease.
38. Which of the following events threaten people's life
① Greater stress; ② Car accidents; ③ Criminal attacks; ④ Natural disaster;
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④
39. What's the main idea of the passage
A. Can greater stress lead of the passage
B. Does shopping help lead to shopping
C. Is shopping very important in people's life
D Can shopping reduce stress and relieve the fear of death
(B)
UNITED AIRLINES
PRINTED AT ALBANY N.Y. AIRPORT ON JULY 10, 2019 11:15 A.M.
Dear Valued Customers,
We regret that your baggage was not available to claim after your recent flight. Everything possible will be done to locate your property and return it to you promptly. For information regarding your delayed baggage, contact the United Airlines Baggage Centre at its 24 hours seven days a week.
Number: 281-821-3536 (Local N. Y. number) Or visit www.united.
As soon as you file your Delayed Baggage Report, United Airlines will begin to tract for your baggage system. Our Baggage Recovery Office staff will make every effort to call you once a day to keep you updated on our progress. Please refer to the File Reference Number on this receipt when corresponding or calling so that we quickly access your records.
Keep this receipt with your claim check and E-ticket receipt until your baggage is reutrned to you. In most circumstances, United Airlines will deliver your baggage when it is located. Delivery times very depending on location.
If your baggage has not been returned to you with the initial five-day tracing period, please download a claim form at www.united.. Return it to us with the required documentation included.
DELAYED BAGGAGE REPORT
FILE REFERENCE. ALBUA 25876
Name JOHN JACKSON Contact Number 902-247-9999 Email minminvt@yahoocom
Delivery Address 66 MOONBROOK DR BRANDON VERMONT USA 05745
Bag Tag 0373876571 0037387643
Description Soft-side upright suitcase Non-zippered, hand-side horizontalsuitcase
40. To make the customer informed of the process, the staff at the Baggage Recovery Office will ________.
A. contact the customer on the telephone twice a day
B. ask the customers to fill in Delayed Baggage Report
C. update the process information online every day
D. ask the customer to pay in advance a sum of money
41 What can we learn about the passenger John Jackson
A. He should call 902-247-9999 for the information regarding his delayed baggage.
B. He cannot deal with his delayed baggage on line until July 17. 2019.
C. He should go to the airport to claim his baggage when it is found.
D. He can get information about his delayed baggage at any hour of the day.
42. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. United Airlines will find your baggage even if you forget to fill in the Delayed Baggage Report.
B. When the baggage will be sent back to its owner depends on the amount of deposit.
C. John Jackson should have the Reference Number on hand when calling United Airlines
D. The detailed information of John Jackson's baggage is not mentioned in the delayed baggage report.
43. The main purpose of the passage is________.
A. to tell passengers the news that their baggage is delayed
B. to instruct the passengers how to get back the delayed baggage
C. to provide information about the location of the delayed baggage
D. to inform the passenger of the time when the delayed baggage can be delivered
Section B
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. ___44___ For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. ___45___
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. ___46___ The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. ___47___ Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements.
B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
C. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.
D. Individual differences are most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.
E. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice.
F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.
VI. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
48. 你不应该参照这份报告里的数据，它们未必精确。(refer to) (汉译英）
49. 课上与学生互动被证明是提高教学效率最有效的方法之一。(prove) (汉译英）
50. 参加了三个月的培训课程后，他具备了当教练的资格。(qualify) (汉译英）
51. 过了四年李磊才在这个关于科技应用的演讲比赛中获得了一等奖，并被授予“最佳发言人”称号。(before) (汉译英）
VII. Summary Writing
52. Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.
If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm.
Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.(280 words)
