(共77张PPT)
初中英语基础语法
一、词类
名词、形容词、代词、
数词、冠词、动词、
副词、介词、连词、感叹词
1.名词
名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
1.1 名词的分类
英语名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
1)专有名词:是国名、地名、人名、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
1.1 名词的分类
2)普通名词:是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。
如:pupil, family, man, foot, sadness, hope, friendship
1.1 名词的分类
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词:是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词
如: box, child, orange;
▲不可数名词:是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如:water, news, oil, population, information .
1.2 名词复数的变化
1. 可数名词的复数:规则变化/不规则变化
(1)规则变化形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s
或-es。
1) 一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps, book-books, truth-truths
2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es
bus-buses, class-classes, box-boxes,
watch-watches, dish-dishes
3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities, baby-babies
练一练
lemon---__________ beach---_______
class---_______ fox---_______ library---_______
butterfly---_______ baby---_____
day---_____ pencil---_________ watch---_______
lemons
beaches
classes
foxes
libraries
butterflies
babies
watches
days
pencils
survey---- subway----
apartment---- identity----
parcel---- fee----
track----
surveys
subways
apartments
identities
parcels
fees
tracks
1. ---Can I help you ---Three _______ (doll),please.
2. I like____________( strawberry) because they are sweet and juicy.
3. I don’t like _______(fly) because they are ugly and dirty.
4.They come from different _________ (country).
dolls
strawberries
flies
countries
4) 以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves thief-thieves knife-knives
wife-wives half-halves
5) 有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s
chief-chiefs roof-roofs
potato-potatoes
tomato-tomatoes
radio-radios
zoo-zoos
6) 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es,以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes
radio-radios, zoo-zoos
* piano-pianos photo-photos
构成方法 例词
一般情况在词尾加-s
map-maps, book-books, truth-truths
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es
bus-buses, class-classes, box-boxes,
watch-watches, dish-dishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities, baby-babies
以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,
wife-wives, half-halves
有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s
chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es,以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
hero-heroes, potato-potatoes,
tomato-tomatoes, piano-pianos,
radio-radios, zoo-zoos
综合挑战,你敢接吗?
plane brush church piano
shelf thief radio subway
tomato photo ox hero
laundry
s
es
es
s
--shelves
--thieves
s
s
es
s
es
es
--laundries
游戏规则:
1.游戏分为必答题和抢答题,答题者举手示意。
2.最先举手者获得答题权,答对该组加一分,答错不扣分,两轮答题结束后,得分最高组获胜。
3.获胜组可要求其他组的任意两人课后准备英语绕口令或笑话,下节课当众讲给大家听。
4.答题者在答题前需说:I am.../ My name is...
要求:不得翻阅笔记,各组互相监督,发现一次扣1分。
答题者一旦说出可,不得更改,更改无效!
必答题:每组轮流答题,限时5秒。答不上来则下一组回答,答对组加分。
示范:cat ---- cats 答题者说出名词复数后要拼写正确,否则不计分
需要记分员和主持人一名
要求:
1.记分员和主持人要本着公平公正的原则,不得有人和私心,其他组成员发现有不公平现象,经大家同意,给记分员和主持人所在组减分。
2.记分员和主持人若想参与游戏,可与本组人员交换
bus
buses
potato
potatoes
boy
boys
family
families
zoo
zoos
country
countries
watch
watches
tomato
tomatoes
chief
chiefs
knife
knives
city
cities
brush
brushes
radio
radios
potato
potatoes
roof
roofs
shelf
shelves
strawberry
strawberries
leaf
leaves
I
we
his
them
eraser
erasers
hero
heroes
dish
dishes
day
days
抢答题:
答题者举手示意,最先举手者获得答题权,有扰乱秩序现象记分员可酌情减分!
注:单词前有+的,答题者说出单词意思,加0.5分。
+puppy
puppies
+ox
oxes
story
stories
+wolf
wolves
+fly
flies
+diary
diaries
+item
items
+highway
highways
+beach
beaches
+overcoat
overcoats
student
students
+curtain
curtains
piano
pianos
peach
peaches
答题者能准确说出句子意思,可加1分
Lily and Lucy are
my ____________ (classmate).
classmates
How many ___________
(subway)are there in ShenZhen
subways
The ______ (leaf) turn
green in spring.
leaves
There are______(photo) on the wall. They are very beautiful.
photos
1.2 名词复数的变化
(2)不规则变化形式
1)单复数同形:
sheep---sheep
fish---fish
Chinese, Japanese
fish---fishes
fish(不可数)
fish---fish
2)元音字母oo变为ee
tooth
---teeth
foot
---feet
3)变man为men
man---men
woman---women
policeman---policemen
policewoman---policewomen
4)其他形式
child
mouse
---mice
---children
注意:1.有些名词单复数异义
glass
glasses
paper
papers
2.有些名词只有复数形式
clothes
trousers
不可数名词
water
rice
bread
注:不可数名词要表示数量,需借助量词
一瓶水:
一碗米饭:
一杯咖啡:
a bottle of water
a bowl of rice
a cup of coffee
man _____ woman _____ child ___
foot______ this _____ paper_________
juice__________
water____________
rice________
sheep___________deer__________
fish___________
men
women
children
feet
these
papers
a glass of juice
a bottle of water
a bowl of rice
sheep
deer
fish
Chinese Englishman
Frenchman Swiss
policewoman Japanese