江西省信丰二中高中英语必修二《Unit One—The Olympic Games》学案（3）

学习内容：
了解被动语态的基本内容。
了解将来时和含有情态动词的被动语态形式。
了解被动语态中需要注意的几个问题
学习方法：观察分析，合作交流，自我总结。
学习时间：
被动语态的使用场合
1 当动作的执行者不易指出或不须明确说出时：---The shoes are made in China
2 当动作执行者不言自明时：---I was asked several questions in the oral exam
3 当动作的承受者比动作的执行者更有必要强调时（这时动作的执行者用by 引出来）
4为了委婉、礼貌而不愿或不宜说出动作的执行者 The pupils are required to keep silent
5 由于句子结构或前后行文的需要
The foreign guests came into the hall and were given a warm welcome by the children
一般将来时的被动语态的构成
will /shall + be + 过去分词done , 表示某事将要被干，各种句式有
(肯定句）The room will be cleaned tomorrow
(否定句）The room will not be cleaned tomorrow
(疑问句）When will the room be cleaned
一般将来时的被动语态还可以are/is going to+be+过去分词done 构成，表示按计划或安排，某事将要被干
A sports meeting is going to be held in our school next week
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 动词的过去分ci
-Can it be finished in two weeks
-That may be done a little later
使用被动语态要注意的几个问题
1 被动语态中的by sb 和with sth
被动句中,执行者一般不表示，如需表示，则用短语by sb, 而with sth 表示“用某种材料
This picture was painted by Tom The picture was painted with oil color
Translate
He was killed by a stone He was killed with a stone
The ground was covered ____ snow
2系动词不用被动语态（happen, take place） This dish smells delicious
3 Have 无论表示“有”，还是表示其它意思时，都不用被动语态
The house has three bedrooms He’ll have the gardener plant some trees
4 表示状态的动词：equal, fit, hold, join, mean, last, cost, wish, belong等，不用被动语态
--The meeting lasted two hours --This dictionary cost me 80 yuan
5当及物动词leave, enter, reach的宾语是地点、处所或组织时，不用被动语态
--He will reach Beijing tomorrow
6 当动词和宾语已组成不可分割的成语时，不用被动语态, 如：keep one’s word, make up one’s mind, speak one’s mind(说出心里话），do one’s best, take one’s seat, lose heart , shake hands, keep watch(守望），make a face I will keep my word
7 Let 后跟单音节动词作宾补，在被动语态中不定式仍不带to
--The farmers let the grass grow --The grass was let grow --The prisoners were let go
如果let后有较长词组，在被动语态中用allow, permit 代替let
--We were not allowed/ permitted to take any photos
8有些动词意思上是被动，形式上却要用主动，其主语通常是物。 这些动词是wash, write, sell, read, wear, shut, lock, blame, let等
---This kind of cloth washes very well.(耐洗 --Your pen writes quite smoothly
---Each duck sells five yuan ---The sign reads “Stop”The book reads well
--This raincoat will wear well --The drawer shuts easily
---The door locks automatically --You are to blame
--This room lets for 1000 yuan a month --This house will let easily
9将来进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态
He will be doing his exercises at eight this evening
The workers have been running the machines for three weeks
10被动语态与系表结构， 两者形式相似，但含义不同
-The book was written by Lu Xun.(被动语态
The book is well written.（系表结构，标主语的特点和所处的状态）
有些系动词（get, become) +过去分词结构，在意思上接近被动语态
get wounded, get lost, get dressed, get hurt, get paid, get separated
11 make, see, watch, hear等动词接不带to 的不定式作宾补。 但在被动语态中，不定式的符号to须补上
---They made him go. He was made to go
12短语动词的被动语态， 不要丢掉后面的介词或副词
They laughed at him. He was laughed at
They make use of electricity every day Electricity is made use of every day.
For this reason he was often made fun of
自我检测：
1 The leader said that good use must be ____the oil
A . make B. made C. made of D. made use of
2 Visitors ____ not to touch the exhibits. requesting
A will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested
3 All the preparations for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete
C. had been completed D. have been complted
4 Books of this kind well
A sell B sells C are sold D is sold
5___ the sports meet might be put off.
Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told
6. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ___ by the hour
A pay B paying C paid D to pay
7. The Olympic Games ____ every four years
A is going to hold B. will hold C. is going to be held D. are to be held
答案：
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