北师大版（2019）选择性必修一Unit 3 Conservation Section C基础+综合双向提升（含答案）

UNIT 3-Section C基础+综合双向提升
【基础】
短语填空
in that way, apart from, sum up, for instance, home to,
fight for, suffer from, at the rate of, on top of that, be located in
1.I enjoyed,　　　　　　　,the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.
2.The island is　　　　　　　 many birds and animals.
3.Narvik 　　　　　　　the north of Norway.
4.　　　　　　　,he believes in working for money.
5.He has 　　　　　　　the lung cancer for many years.
6.No matter what happens in the court,the judges must stand for us to 　　　　　　　
the justice of our cause.
7.To 　　　　　　　,it’s worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge.
8.I’d prefer to do it in this way rather than 　　　　　　.
9.　　　　　　　 this,the actual cost of misused light is estimated to be millions of dollars every year.
10.The train was going 　　　　　　　95 kilometres an hour.
单句语法填空
1.School officials say they welcome parental 　　　　　(involve).
2.She was shocked by the 　　　　　(cruel) of his words,thinking he was too hard on her.
3.The　　　　　 (scene) spot is in the south of Beijing.
4.The area is of special 　　　　　(history) interest.
5.Even in advanced 　　　　　(agriculture) societies,it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.
6.The scientist c　　　　 to have invented a new kind of car.
7.The government declared war on the 　　　　　(毒品) dealers.
8.We were astonished to find the 　　　　　(寺院)still in its original condition.
9.A stream is winding it’s way through the 　　　　　(山谷) into the river.
10.We gain an advantage over our o　　　　 because of much more resources.
11.It is a good 　　　　　(论文) apart from a few slight faults.
12.　　　　　 (有机的) produce is very healthy.
13.Can you put me through to the president office of the 　　　　　(研究院)
14.There is not much　　　　　 (家禽肉) in the shops.
15.There are sometimes great 　　　　　(culture) differences even between native English speakers.
16.You have a tendency to avoid　　　　　 (argue).
17.Though having lived abroad for years,many Chinese still observe 　　　　　
(tradition) customs.
18.The last few years have seen　　　　　 (environment) disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come.
19.The majority of people would not support this type of 　　　(science) research.
完成句子
1.他们匆忙地回家了,又饿又冷。
They went home in a hurry,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.另一方面,黑色令人压抑。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,black is depressing.
3.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
He stared at his friend 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.这个书包和我昨天丢失的一样。
This is 　　　　　　　　　　　I lost yesterday.
5.他死了,留下妻子和五个孩子。
He died,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with five children.
【综合】
阅读理解
A
In the past 50 years,the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold.In coastal water bodies,including river mouths and seas,low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms.
“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the Oceans,” said Denise Breitburg,a marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre.“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment.Actually,it’s a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism,including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else.The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.”
In areas traditionally called “dead zones”,like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico,oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die.As fish avoid these zones,their habitats become smaller and they’re easier to be attacked or caught.But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”.Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals,hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death.It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide,a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.While some animals can boom in “dead zones”,overall biodiversity falls.
Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean.Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean.Furthermore,as the ocean as a whole gets warmer,it holds less oxygen.In coastal waters,too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms,which use up oxygen as they die and break down.
People’s livelihoods are also on the line,the scientists reported,especially in developing nations.Smaller fisheries(渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere.So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.
1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen.
B.The amount of sea water is increasing.
C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous.
D.Earth becomes warmer and warmer.
2.What can we infer from Denise Breitburg’s words
A.Different oceans have different levels of oxygen.
B.The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences.
C.The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen.
D.The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environmental problem.
3.How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals
A.It offers more food.
B.It forms dangerous gas.
C.It reduces their living areas.
D.It produces more carbon dioxide.
4.How can we win the war according to the text
A.By closing smaller fisheries.
B.By controlling humans’ bad activities.
C.By improving people’s living standards.
D.By stopping nutrients entering the ocean.
B
A new study has found that North American migratory(迁徙的) birds have been getting smaller over the past 40 years.Researchers say the finding suggests a warming climate(气候) could be affecting bird growth in North America—and across the world.
The study was recently published in EcologyLetters.Researchers measured(测量) the size of 80,000 birds killed from 1978 to 2016 during the spring and fall migrations in the city of Chicago,Illinois.Over the 40-year period,body size decreased in all 52 species.The average body weight fell by 2.6 percent.Leg bone length dropped by 2.4 percent.The one area of growth was the wingspan,which increased by 1.3 percent.
The researchers said the wing growth likely happened to allow the birds to continue making long migrations with smaller bodies.The study considered a principle known as Bergmann’s rule,in which individuals within a species grow smaller in warmer areas and grow larger in colder ones.
Brian Weeks,a biologist at the University of Michigan’s School for Environment and Sustainability,helped lead the research.He said that he believes the results show a clear connection between a warming climate and the growth of the birds.“In other words,climate change seems to be changing both the size and shape of these species,” he said.
The study found a direct connection between the average summer temperature and the body size of the birds.Dave Willard works with Chicago’s Field Museum,which was in charge of measuring all the birds.He said nearly “everyone agrees that the climate is warming,but examples of just how that is affecting the natural world are only now coming to light.”
“We had good reason to expect that increasing temperatures would lead to reductions in body size,based on earlier studies,” Weeks said.“I was incredibly surprised that all of these species are responding in such similar ways.”
The researchers plan to continue studying the Field Museum data in an effort to find additional evidence to support their findings.They will also further examine the idea that an individual’s physical development can change to fit changing environmental conditions.
5.Which of the following didn’t go down to a lower level
A.The body size.
B.The body weight.
C.The leg bone length.
D.The wingspan.
6.Which of the following took responsibility for measuring the birds
A.Ecology Letters.
B.Brian Weeks.
C.The Field Museum.
D.Dave Willard.
7.What do the underlined words “coming to light” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Known. B.Similar.
C.Intelligent. D.Distant.
8.The main idea of the passage is that　　　.
A.fifty-two species of birds became smaller
B.the warming climate could affect bird growth
C.the warming climate makes the birds grow larger
D.the researcher shave proved their findings
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The word“ecosystem” is short for ecological system.An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms such as plants,animals and humans coexist in this world.So naturally that includes you and me.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!
There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment.Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage cohabitation(共居) between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.
Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that’s because they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,micro-organism and even humans,of course.Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.
Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food.In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources.Humans should not disturb the natural habitat of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone.Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.
应用文写作
如今灭绝的物种越来越多,保护濒危动物尤为重要。现就如何保护濒危动物写一篇文章,内容如下:
1.动物濒危的原因;
2.保护的措施;
3.呼吁大家。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考答案：
【短语填空】
for instance
home to
is located in
On top of that
suffered from
fight for
sum up
in that way
Apart from
at the rate of
【单句语法填空】
involvement
cruelty
scenic
historic
agricultural
claimed
drug
temple
valley
opponent
essay
Organic
institute
poultry
cultural
argument
traditional
environmental
scientific
【完成句子】
hungry and cold
On the other hand
with his mouth wide open
the same bag as
leaving his wife
【阅读理解】
1-4ABCB
5-8DCAB
【概要写作】
An ecosystem is the natural environment for all biological organisms to coexist.(要点1) Ecosystems have different varieties,either naturally made ones or artificial ones.(要点2) Plants,as the natural producers for everyone,are the biggest part of an ecosystem.(要点3) We need to care for all the living and non-living things to survive.(要点4) To achieve the purpose,we should pay attention to issues like the overuse of energy,disturbance of natural habitats and overpopulation.(要点5)
【应用文】
Everyone knows animals are our friends.But many animals are facing the danger of extinction,because the environment that they are living in has been destroyed greatly.What’s worse,human race is killing them just for getting their fur,skin,teeth and meat.
In order to protect our resources of ecology,our government should pass laws and forbid people to hunt the animals in danger.We can work together to plant more trees and call for protecting animals’ habitats.At the same time,it is necessary to have long-term projects to help the endangered animals.
Only if we protect animals well can we have a bright future!