Unit 5-Section C Using Language重点解析
【知识框图】
参考答案：
{重点词汇}
Organic
Widespread
Digest
Essential
Mineral
Alternative
Grocery
Instance
Depth
Root
Entirely
Aspect
Fertiliser
Nutritional
Nutritious
Nutrition
alleviate
poverty
{重点短语}
达到
负担得起
毫无疑问
在……看来
在……一开始
增强意识
相应地;转而;依次;轮流
随着时间推移
例如
集中于
防止……做……
对……没有影响
进行研究
建立
执行
把……和……分开
【重点词汇】
present v.赠送(礼物,奖品等);呈现 adj. 在场的;出席的;当前的
【教材原句】
When people present important facts,they usually give some evidence to support their claims.
当人们提出重要事实时,他们通常提供一些证据来支持他们的主张。
【词汇精讲】
present v.赠送(礼物,奖品等);呈现 adj.在场的;出席的;当前的
My friend gave me a present on my birthday.
我的朋友在我生日时给了我一个礼物。
How long have you been in your present job
你干现在这个工作多长时间了
The artist was determined to present a better picture.
这位画家决定呈现一幅更好的图画。
【词汇拓展】
At no time has the country been more prosperous than at present.
这个国家从未像现在这样繁荣。
The teacher presented him with a pen.
老师赠送了他一支钢笔。
essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
【教材原句】
They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.
它们可能外表看起来很漂亮,但里面通常有更多的水,而不是必要的矿物质,而且它们的味道通常也更差。
【词汇精讲】
essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
Even in small companies,computers are an essential tool.
即使在小公司里,计算机也是必不可少的工具。
French and German are deemed essential.
法语和德语被认为是必不可少的。
【词汇拓展】
It is essential that we (should) deal with the problem.
我们很有必要处理这个问题。
It is essential to know where the problem lies.
有必要知道问题在哪里。
in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流
digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟
【教材原句】
This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.
这影响到种在土地上的庄稼,进而影响动物和消化这些作物的人。
【词汇精讲1】
in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流
She asked the same question of everyone in turn.
她依次向每一个人问同样的问题。
In the city squares the neon lights flashed in turn.
在城市广场上,霓虹灯依次闪烁。
【词汇拓展】
During the summer holidays,the teachers were on duty by turns.
暑假期间,老师们轮流值班。
When it is my turn,I realized why the process was moving so slow.
当轮到我的时候,我明白进程为什么这么慢了。
【词汇精讲2】
digest vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会;领悟
He has to avoid fat because his body can’t digest it.
他不得不避免吃脂肪,因为他的身体无法消化它。
I need some time to digest information.
我需要一些时间来理解信息。
【词汇拓展】
No liquids are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.
上饭菜时不要同时上汤水或饮品,因为这会影响消化。
instance n.例子;实例;事例
【教材原句】
For instance,they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year,and then grow beans there the next.
【词汇精讲】
instance n.例子;实例;事例
There have been several instances of violence at the school.
在学校有几起暴力事例。
I can cite quite a few instances to illustrate this.
我可以举出好几个例子来说明这件事情。
【词汇拓展】
She has mastered several foreign languages,for instance,French.
她精通几种语言,例如法语。
alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
【教材原句】
As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
作为一种选择,一些农民转向了有机农业,许多顾客在当地商店购物时转向了有机食品。
【词汇精讲】
alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的
He gave in only at the last moment because he had no alternative.
他只是在最后一刻因为没有选择才做了让步。
We will have to rely more on alternative energy,such as solar and wind power.
我们将不得不更多地利用可代替的资源,比如太阳能和风能。
【词汇拓展】
If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight,he has no alternative but to go by air.
如果他今晚想去香港,除了坐飞机外别无选择。
【重点句式】
I’d rather...我宁愿……
【句式剖析】
I’d rather是would rather的缩写形式,表示“宁愿……”,后接动词原形,其否定形式为would rather not do,译为“宁愿不做……”
He would rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿为自己的爱好多花些时间。
Nowadays more and more people would rather not live in big cities.
现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。
【句式拓展】
He would rather die than turn against his motherland.
他宁愿死也不背叛祖国。
I would rather he went with me tomorrow.
我宁愿明天他和我一起去。
In fact,some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.
事实上,在大多数国家,像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂已经被禁止,因为它们对人和环境造成了损害。
【句式剖析】
because of因为……,是介词短语,常用作原因状语,后面跟名词或代词作宾语。
My brother didn’t pass the driving test exam because of his laziness.
由于我弟弟的懒惰,他没有通过这次驾驶考试。
The sports meeting has been put off because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好,运动会被推迟了。
【温馨提示】
because是连词,其后接句子;because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动词的-ing、what 从句等,它在句中不用作表语。
The teacher got angry because of what we had done in class.
老师由于我们课上做的事情生气了。
We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining heavily.
正下着暴雨,所以我们决定不去爬山了。
Therefore,there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
因此,要找到一个合适的解决方案还有很长的路要走,该方案可以在餐桌上提供足够的食物,同时又要尽可能保持人和环境的健康。
【句式剖析】
本句是一个复合句。there is still a long way...是主句,that puts...是定语从句,while keeping是省略句。as...as possible尽可能……。
Please respond to me as quickly as possible.
请尽快给我回信。
He desired that his book be read by as many people as possible.
他希望有尽可能多的人读他的书。
【句式拓展】
as...as possible相当于as...as one can,使用时需要注意can的变化。
You should read more and more books,as carefully as you can!
你要多看一点书,尽可能认真地看。
【写作指导】
假定你是中学生李华, 你校正在举办以“我最喜爱的农业科学家”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下面要点提示, 描述你所喜爱的农业科学家, 内容包括:
1.谁是你最喜欢的农业科学家;
2.这位科学家对人类所做的贡献;
3.你的感想或希望。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
一、审题定调
1.确定体裁:本文为提纲式作文,要求考生根据提示信息,描述自己最喜爱的农业科学家。
2.确定人称:由于是描述自己最喜爱的农业科学家,所以主要人称为第三人称。
3.确定时态:时态以一般现在时为主。
二、谋篇布局
本文分为三个段落。
第一段:开头应点明最喜爱的农业科学家,以袁隆平为例;
第二段:主体部分介绍袁隆平的个人成就及对人类做出的突出贡献,此部分比较开放,只要发挥合理即可,如献身于水稻科研事业,成为农业先驱等;
第三段:表达感想或希望,如向袁隆平学习等。
三、常用语块
四、遣词造句
五、连句成文
参考范文
My favourite agricultural scientist
Of so many famous scientists all over the world,I admire Yuan Longping most,who is an agricultural scientist of China.
In 1973, Yuan Longping became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.Thanks to his research,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Though he has achieved his goal,he still devotes himself to research on rice so as to feed more people in the world.Yuan Longping has made such great contributions to mankind that he is respected and admired by people all over the world.
All in all,we must learn from this great scientist in order to serve our country better when we grow up.
【随堂小测】
选词填空
poverty,present,alleviate,affect,celebrate
1.A number of measures were taken to the problem.
2.His whole life is a fight against and unemployment.
3.You must find enough evidence before you important facts.
4.The Browns their 25th wedding anniversary in Florence.
5.Stress is one of the major factors that crop growth and production.
参考答案：
Alleviate
Poverty
Present
Celebrated
affect
单句语法填空
1.It does sometimes help to know the (nutrition) content of foods.
2.There’s no way we can afford (buy) a house at the moment.
3.I suggested that she (join) the English club.
4.I have a feeling our team is going to win.
5.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I’d rather he (focus) more on its culture.
参考答案:
nutritional
to buy
(should) join
that
focused
介副词填空
1.The five-star hotel’s current occupancy rate stands 90%.
2.I’ll try to get my suggestion in the start of the meeting.
3.Listen out the different linking words and expressions.
4.I wish I could bring you to see the situation my point of view.
5. a doubt I think you are the greatest person I have ever met.
参考答案:
at
at
for
from
Without
完成句子
1.在我看来,是我最好的朋友改变了我对生活的态度。
,my best friend changed my attitude towards life.
2.我宁愿你明天和我待在一起。
you stayed with me tomorrow.
3.遗憾的是她犯了这样一个错误。
that she has made such a mistake.
4.我觉得这地方有点危险。
I that this place is a little dangerous.
5.我更希望珍妮来参加这次派对。
I would prefer Jenny the party.
参考答案：
In my opinion
I would rather
It is a pity
have a feeling
to come to
课文语法填空
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming 1. the middle of the 20th century,but scientists found that their long-term use can sometimes 2. harm to both the land and people’s health.In most 3. (country),some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited because of the damage 4. (cause) to people and the environment.
5. (solve) the problem,some farmers have switched to organic farming.They use natural waste from animals as fertiliser instead 6. artificial fertilizers.By doing so,they make the soil in their fields 7. (rich) in minerals than before.Many other methods are also used to produce rich soil.Farmers often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.In this way,some important minerals 8. (put) back into the ground.
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 9. (complete),but organic farming can’t serve the high demand for food around the world.So scientists have to find a suitable solution 10. the problem.
参考答案：
Since
Do
Countries
Caused
To solve
Of
Richer
Are put
Completely
To
Ⅱ.概要写作
(根据教材语篇内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要)
参考范文
Though chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been used widely in the world,(要点1)scientists found using them for long can harm the land and people’s health as well.(要点2) To solve the problem,organic farming comes into being.(要点3) However,organic farming can’t meet the high demand for food around the world,so a suitable solution will have to be found.(要点4)Unit 5-Section A Reading and Thinking重点解析
【知识框图】
参考答案：
{重点词汇}
Devote
Shortage
Tackle
Crisis
Boost
Convince
characteristic
Attain
Conventional
Assumption
Intense
Overcome
Expand
Output
Estimate
Domestic
Consumption
Comprise
Generate
Leisure
Soil
Celebrity
Grain
Vision
Reality
salty
{重点短语}
把……用于;献身;致力;专心
包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
在内心深处;本质上;实际上
作为……而著名
依靠
几乎不关心
国内外
梦想出;虚构出
除了
被用来做
【重点词汇】
convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
【教材原句】
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁确信,在杂交水稻的研制中可以找到答案。
【词汇精讲】
convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
Your argument is too weak to convince me.
你的论点太薄弱了,说服不了我。
I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,not with me.
我努力说服自己麻烦是问题本身所引起的,而不是我自身(的麻烦)。
【词汇拓展】
I soon convinced him of my innocence.
我很快便让他相信了我是清白的。
We will try to convince her to stay.
我们要尽力说服她留下来。
devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
【教材原句】
Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.
确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
【词汇精讲】
devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
He thinks we should not devote any more time to this issue.
他认为我们不应该再在这个问题上多花时间了。
These artists devoted all their life to art.
这些艺术家把终生献给了艺术。
【词汇拓展】
They devoted themselves to doing the scientific research job.
他们把自己献身于科学研究工作。
He’s devoted most of his time to his painting.
他把大部分时间都花在了作画上。
overcome vt.克服解决;战胜
【教材原句】
Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
通过努力,袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难,在1974年研制出第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。
【词汇精讲】
overcome vt.克服解决;战胜
Molly had fought and overcome her fear of flying.
莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。
We overcame many unforeseen difficulties.
我们克服了许多没有料到的困难。
attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
【教材原句】
One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.
杂交水稻的一个特点是它们通常比传统作物获得更高的产量。
【词汇精讲】
attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得;得到
After his graduation he returned and attained the degree of civil engineering.
毕业后,他再回校攻读,获得了土木工程学学位。
The old man attained great reverence from the young men.
这位老人在年轻人当中享有极高威望。
He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.
他在音乐考试中获得最高分。
estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
【教材原句】
Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains...
据估算,现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物……
【词汇精讲1】
estimate vt.估计;估价;估算 n.估计;估算
He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage.
他根据破坏的程度估算风速。
It is not easy to estimate how many people will come.
很难估计多少人会来。
I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of money you will need.
我可以粗略地估计一下你所需要的钱。
【词汇拓展】
The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
这棵树估计至少700年了。
It is estimated that the meeting will last four days.
这次会议预计要开4天。
【词汇精讲2】
comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成
The house comprises two bedrooms,a kitchen,and a living room.
这所房子包括两间卧室、一间厨房和一间客厅。
Girl students comprise 60% of the class.
女生占班级的60%。
【词汇拓展】
be comprised of包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students.
该班主要由意大利和法国学生组成。
expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
【教材原句】
This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。
【词汇精讲】
expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
The new system expanded the role of family doctors.
新体制扩大了家庭医生的作用。
We’ve expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。
【词汇拓展】
We have plans to expand into the U.S.market.
我们有进入美国市场的计划。
All the details are in the book,so I need not expand on it.
所有的细节都在书上呢,我无须详述。
【重点句式】
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy,one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
【句式剖析】
given可作介词,表示“只要是;考虑到;假定;已知”等意思。
“given + that从句意思是“考虑到”,相当于considering。
Given his background,it’s no surprise that he can do this.
考虑到他的背景,他能做这件事情就不令人吃惊了。
Given that he can get another chance,he will surely succeed.
假定他能得到另一次机会,他肯定会成功。
Yuan Longping,known as the “father of hybrid rice”,is one of China’s most famous scientists.
袁隆平,被称为杂交水稻之父,是中国最著名的科学家之一。
【句式剖析】
known as意为“作为……而著名”,是过去分词短语,在句中作定语,修饰主语Yuan Longping。过去分词作定语时和所修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
The new product finally passed the required test.
新产品终于通过了要求的测试。
There are many beautifully decorated houses in this rich area.
这个富人区有许多装饰精美的房子。
【句式拓展】
过去分词作定语时相当于定语从句。
The meeting held yesterday is of great importance.
=The meeting which was held yesterday is of great importance.
昨天举行的会议非常重要。
【随堂小测】
课文语法填空
Known as the “father of hybrid rice”,Yuan Longping considers 1. (him) a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.He looks like 2. (million) of Chinese farmers,for 3. he has struggled for years.
Born in 1930 in Beijing,Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.After 4. (graduate),he worked as a researcher.He realised that larger fields were not the solution 5. food shortage.Instead,farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.Through intense effort,Yuan got over enormous technical 6. (difficulty) and developed the first hybrid rice in 1974,which enabled farmers 7. (expand) their output greatly.Yuan’s rice has helped feed not just China,but many other countries that depend on rice as well.Yuan Longping cares little for wealth and fame.Instead,he 8. (make) large donations to support agricultural research.
9. impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability 10. (realize) his dreams.Despite his advanced years,Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision,and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
参考答案：
Himself
Millions
Whom
graduating/graduation
To
Difficulties
To expand
Makes
What
to realize
Ⅱ.概要写作
(根据教材语篇内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要)
参考范文
Born in 1930,Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.(要点1) After graduating,he worked as a researcher and tried to work out a solution to food shortage.(要点2)Through great efforts,he created the first hybrid rice in 1974,which enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.(要点3)Yuan’s rice has helped feed not just China,but many other countries.(要点4) Though he is known as the “father of hybrid rice”,he cares little for wealth and fame.(要点5)Unit 5-Section B Learning about Language重点解析
【知识框图】
参考答案：
{重点词汇}
Urban
Bomb
Tunnel
Extension
Chemical
Wheat
Flavour
{重点短语}
应对，处理
越来越多
把……变成……
利用
适应
抱怨
从……退休
过健康生活
下决心
成功做
【重点词汇】
make use of利用
【教材原句】
Then businessmen decided to make use of it to grow green vegetables to meet increasing consumption demands.
两位商人决定利用它种植绿色蔬菜,以满足日益增长的消费需求。
【词汇精讲】
make use of利用
No one knows what ancient savage ancestor of ours first begin to make use of fire.
没有人知道是我们的哪个古代原始祖先首先开始使用火的。
There are many kinds of materials that we can make use of to build houses.
有许多种我们可以用来建房子的材料。
They make use of advertisements to plug the new product.
他们利用广告来宣传这种新产品。
【词汇拓展】
【温馨提示】
make use of短语的构成特点为:动词+名词+介词;
需要关注两种考查方式:
(1)把use提前,使用被动语态;
(2)把use提前用作先行词,其后接定语从句。
deal with处理;安排;应付;涉及;和……打交道
【教材原句】
To deal with this crisis,he chose to study agriculture.
为了应对危机,他选择了学习农业。
【词汇精讲】
deal with 处理;安排;应付;涉及;和……打交道
His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.
他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。
Firstly,let us deal with the most important issue.
首先让我们来处理最紧要的问题。
【温馨提示】
deal with和do with都有“对付;处理”之意,但do with常和what连用,而deal with常和how连用。
I have no idea what to do with the old car.
=I have no idea how to deal with the old car.
我不知道怎么处理那辆旧车。
【重点句式】
Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city,how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them.
既然我的祖父母都已经从城市的工作中退休了,那么他们将如何度过退休生活对他们来说是一个重要的决定。
【句式剖析】
本句是一个复合句。
how...是主句,其中how they are going to spend their retirement是主语从句
now that意为“由于;既然”,引导的是原因状语从句,that可以省略。
Now that you have a good command of English,you can apply for the job.
既然你英语很好,你可以申请这个工作。
Now that I have nothing to do,I can enjoy music for a little while.
既然我无事可做,我可以享受一会儿音乐了。
【重点语法】
主语从句
一、主语从句的引导词
注意:
(1)that引导主语从句时,一般不能省略。
That our team will win the game is clear.
明显我们队会赢得比赛。
(2)从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但也有例外。
what从句作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于其表达的含义。
What he told us is reasonable.他告诉我们的事情合情合理。
What I need are some English novels.我需要的是几本英文小说。
(3)当主语从句位于句首时,常用whether引导,而不用if。
Whether he can get the same result is unknown.
他是否能得到相同的结果还不知道。
二、that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语的四大句式
1.It+be+名词(短语)(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder等)+that从句
It’s no wonder that he didn’t want to go.难怪他不想去。
2.It+be+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,
obvious,strange,normal等)+that从句
It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
3.It+特殊动词或短语(seem,appear,happen,matter,turn out,occur to,make no difference等)+that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
4.It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,
remembered,thought,considered,well-known,announced等)+that从句
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。
注意:
在“It+be+suggested/advised/requested/required...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。
It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.
建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
【随堂小测】
选词填空
overcome,chemical,expand,estimate,urban
1.Japan has advanced from a rural society to an ,industrial power.
2.The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of in agriculture.
3.The two parties managed to their differences on the issue.
4.Our vocabulary through reading.
5.Try to how many steps it will take to get to a close object.
参考答案：
Urban
Chemicals
Overcome
Expands
Estimate
单句语法填空
1. we will have our winter holidays is still uncertain.
2. of you comes in first will receive a prize.
3. it will do us harm remains to be seen.
4. you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
5. makes the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
参考答案:
When
Whichever
Whether
That
What
完成句子
1. (李华获得了一等奖) is known to us all.
2. (我想知道的是) is how you did the experiment.
3. (我们到什么地方去度假) has not been decided.
4. (据报道) there will be a hurricane tomorrow.
5. (我们如何获得足够的支持) is still a question.
6.我还没有决定是否去听音乐会。
I haven’t whether to go to the concert.
7.众所周知,玛丽是我们班最聪明的学生。
Mary is the smartest student in our class.
8.我们必须采取有效的措施来保持环境安全。
We must take effective measures to .
9.使我们感到惊奇的是他在比赛中获得了一等奖。
he got the first prize in the contest.
10.他所关心的不是钱和名誉。
is not money or fame.
参考答案：
That Li Hua has got the first prize
What I want to know
Where we will go on a holiday
It is reported that
How we can get enough support
made up my mind
It is well-known that
keep the environment safe
It amazes us that
What he cares about
