中小学教育用资源及组卷应平台
Unit2 Colours 知识点讲解
一.Comic strips & Welcome to the unit
1. Which one do you want to wear, Eddie 埃迪,你想穿哪一件?
wear/put on /dress
"穿,戴"的意思,但各自的用法不同。
(1)wear用来表示"穿着,戴着"的状态,用现在进行时,表示目前暂时情况。
例如:Children like wearing new clothes. 孩子们喜欢穿新衣服。
She is wearing a new dress today. 她今天穿了一间新裙子。
(2)put on 表示“穿上,戴上”,强调穿的动作。
例如:It's very cold today. Please put on your coat. 今天很冷,请穿上你的外套。
(3)dress用来表示"穿,戴"时,既可指动作,又可指状态,作及物动词用时,直接对象是人(宾语通常是人称代词或反身代词),而不是所穿的衣服;作不及物动词时,不表示穿什么衣服。
get/ be dressed in + 衣服
例如:She is too young to dress herself. 她太小了,还不能自己穿衣服。
2. I think blue is better than pink. Pink is a girl’s colour. OK . Try it on. 我认为蓝色比粉色更好。粉色是女孩子穿的颜色。好吧,试穿一下。
(1) be better than……比……好
(2) try on 试穿
try n. have a try,“试一试”, have another try 再试一次
v. ① try doing sth. 尝试做某事(过程不难,强调结果)
例:Nobody answers the front door. Let's try knocking the back door.
没人应前门,我们试试敲后门。(强调看房子里有没有人这一结果) ②try to do sth. 努力尝试做某事(强调努力尝试的过程,成功与否不知) 例:Let's try to work out this maths problem.
让我们试试解开这道数学题。(强调努力解题这个过程)
3. But there’s nothing wrong with pink, you know. 你知道,但是粉红色没有什么问题。
There is nothing wrong with something… ……是没有错的。
类似的结构:There is something wrong with….
例如:There is nothing wrong with being friends and studying together.
做朋友和一起学习没有什么问题
4. I’m not sure if blue looks good on you. 我不确定蓝色看上去是否适合你。
(1).be sure+of/about+动名词或名词,意为“确信……”;“对……有把握”。但在接名词时,be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑;而be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。
例:He is sure of success. 他自信会成功的。
I'm sure of his honesty. 我肯定他是诚实的。
If you are not sure about the situation in the world,you can read the newspaper every day. 如果你对世界形势不大了解,你可以每天看看报纸。
若后面要接反身代词,则只能用be sure of,即be sure of oneself,意为“有自信心”。
例:Joan will sit for an important examination next week,but she is not sure of herself.琼下周要参加一个重要考试,但她对自己没有十分把握。
(2).be sure to do sth. 意为“一定要做某事”,表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断,认为句子主语“必定,必然会”。
例:It is sure to rain. 天一定会下雨。
He told me I was sure to get a warm welcome.他告诉我,说我准会受到热情接待的。
(3). be sure to do用在祈使句中,不是表示判断,而是表示对对方的要求,意为“务必要”,“一定要”。
例:Be sure not to forget it!千万别忘记呀!
Be sure to send my regards to your mother.务必代我问候你母亲。
(4). be sure+宾语从句,表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断,意为“确信某事一定会……”
例:I'm not sure whether I've met him before.我不能确定以前是否见到过他。
二.Reading
1. You may wonder whether it is true. 你可能想知道它是不是真的。
(1). wonder 此处用作及物动词, 意为想知道,相当于want to know 用法如下:
① wonder if / whether + 从句,表示有礼貌的询问。
例:Lucy wondered if / whether you would be free the next day. Lucy 想知道你明天是否有时间。
② wonder + who/ what / when / how等疑问词引导的词句
例:I wonder who cleaned up the room just now. 我想知道谁刚才打扫了房间。
③ wonder + “疑问词+动词不定式”构成的短语。
例:I wonder what to do next. 我想下一步做什么。
拓展:wonder作及物动词时,还可意为“感到惊奇”,其后可接that引导的从句或动词不定式;wonder作不及物动词时,常与介词at/ about连用;wonder作可数名词时,意为“奇迹;奇观”。
I wonder that she has won the race. 我惊讶她赢了比赛。
I wonder to see you there. 我在那里见到你很吃惊。
What are you wondering about 你对什么感到奇怪?
The Great Wall is a man-made wonder. 长城是一个人造的奇迹。
(2). true 此处用作形容词,意为“确实的”。指某事与事实相吻合,强调事物的客观真实性,也可用于指事物客观真实的一面,即“实际的”,可用作表语或定语。
例:True friendship is worth more than money. 真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。
拓展:①truth 名词,意为“事实,真理”
例:To tell the truth, you need a new car. 说实话,你需要一辆新车。
②truly 副词,意为“真实地;真诚地”,多用于强调事物的真实性。
It is truly hot today. 今天真热。
2. In fact, colours can change our moods and make us feel happy or sad, energetic or sleepy. 事实上,颜色能改变我们的心情并使我们感到幸福或悲伤,有活力或困倦。
(1) make sb. do sth. 让/ 使某人做…… 类似的用法:let sb. do; have sb. do
拓展: make a shopping list 写一张购物清单
make the bed 整理床铺,铺床
(2) happy adj. 可用作表语或定语,反义词:unhappy
happily adv. 例:The children are swimming happily in the river now.
happiness n. 幸福;快乐 They are talking about health and happiness.
(4)sleepy adj. 困倦的,瞌睡的 (可作定语或表语)
例:She is too sleepy to finish all his housework. 她太困倦了,不能完成所有的家务活。
辨析: sleepy, asleep, sleep
易混词 辨 析 例 句
sleepy 形容词,表示困倦的,可用作表语或定语 feel sleepy 感觉困倦
My little brother tells me that he suddenly starts to feel sleepy. 我的弟弟告诉我他突然感到疲倦。
asleep 形容词,表示睡着的,只作表语,不作定语 fall asleep 入睡
Everyone fell asleep. 每个人都睡着了。
He lay down on the sofa and soon fell asleep. 他躺在沙发上很快就睡着了。
sleep 动词,表示睡,睡觉,强调睡觉本身的动作 sleep --- slept(过去式)----slept(过去分词)
Did you sleep well last night 你昨天晚上睡得好吗?
名词,表示睡眠 常构成短语 get to sleep “开始入睡”
go to sleep “去睡觉”
Can you give me something to help me to get to sleep 你能不能给我让我入睡的东西?
3. This article explains what colours can do and what characteristics they represent. 这篇文章解释了颜色能做什么以及它们代表什么特性。
explain v. 解释,说明。用作及物动词时,宾语既可以是名词、代词,也可以是带疑问词的动词不定式或that从句,还可以是反身代词,说明自己的意思、动机或行为。
explain sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事
例:He explained what he had done. 他解释了他所做的事情。
Would you explain yourself a little more 你说得再清楚点好吗?
4. Have you ever walked into a room and felt relaxed 你曾经走进一个房间并且感觉放松吗?
relaxed adj. 放松的,冷静的。Be relaxed about sth. “对某事随意/ 宽松/ 不严格”
例: We’re pretty relaxed about time. 我们在时间上很随意。
拓展:relax不能与反身代词连用。
I usually relax myself by taking a hot bath. (×)
I usually relax by taking a hot bath. (√)
辨析: relaxed, relaxing, relax
易混词 辨 析 例 句
relaxed 形容词,表示放松的,冷静的,多作表语,强调人对事物的感受
People are often relaxed at weekends.
人们在周末往往放松下来。
The atmosphere was very relaxed.
那里的气氛十分轻松。
relax 动词,表示使放松,其后可接名词或代词作宾语 I just want to sit down and relax.
我只想做下休息一会儿。
relaxing
形容词,表示令人放松的,轻松的,强调事物本身含有令人放松的因素 I had a relaxing evening with my friends.
我和朋友们度过了一个轻松的夜晚。
Listening to the relaxing music always makes me relaxed.
听令人放松的音乐总是让我放松。
5. It could be because the walls were painted blue. 它可能是因为墙壁被漆成蓝色。
could be 意为可能是,为“情态动词could + be”结构,用于表示对人或事物可能性的推断,也可写作can be。
例:This book could be Mary’s. 这本书可能是玛丽的。
拓展:①may/might be 意为“可能是”。 might be 的语气比may be 更弱。
The boy might be in his bedroom.这个男孩可能在他的卧室里。
② must be 意为“一定是”,表示有把握的推断。
This dictionary must be Lucy’s. It has her name on it.
这本字典一定是露西的,上面有她的名字。
6. People in cold areas prefer warm clothes in their homes to create a warm and comfortable feeling. 寒冷地区的人们在他们家里更喜欢用暖色来造成一种温暖舒适的感觉。
(1) prefer 作及物动词使用,通常意思是“更喜欢,宁愿”。
①. prefer + 名词/动名词/不定式
例:I prefer some apples. / I prefer having(to have) some apples. 我更喜欢吃苹果。
②. prefer somebody to do something 宁愿某人做某事
例:My daddy prefers me not to swim in that river because it's too dangerous.
我爸爸宁愿我不要去那条河里游泳因为那太危险了。
③. prefer A to B 在 A 和 B 中更喜欢 A
例:I prefer green tea to coffee. 绿茶和咖啡比较起来我更喜欢绿茶。
I prefer cooking myself to eating out. 我宁愿自己做饭也不愿出去吃。
注意:注意这个用法中肯定的是前者,A和B必须在形式上保持一致,即要么都是名词,要么都是动名词。没有使用不定式的用法。
④. prefer to do something rather than ...
这个用法类似于用法3,不过rather than后面可以是不定式、名词、动名词或动词原形。
例:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out in the heavy rain.
我宁愿呆在家里也不想冒这么大的雨出去。
注意:这里 rather than 后面可以用 going out或to go out 都可以。而且 rather than 也可以放在句子开头:Rather than go out in the heavy rain, I prefer to stay at home.
⑤. 宾语从句 prefer that 宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。
例:I prefer that we should gather more information on that issue.
我觉得关于那个事情我们最好收集更多信息。
(2). 辨析: home, house, family
易混词 辨 析 例 句
house 名词:房屋,仅指房屋这一建筑物 If I have enough money, I will buy a big house in the country.
如果我有足够的钱,我就会在乡下买所大房子。
family 名词:家人;家庭成员,与居住的房子无关 My family all like watching films when they are free.
我的家人都喜欢在空闲的时候去看电影。
home 名词:家,住所,指一个人或一家人居住的地方,带有感彩 He isn’t far from his home now.
他现在离他家不远了。
Tom always wanted a real home with a wife and children.
汤姆一直想要有妻子和孩子的真正家庭。
名词:故乡,家乡 I often think of my friends back home.
我常常想起我老家的朋友。
(3) comfortable adj. 使人舒服的;舒适的 反义词: uncomfortable 不舒适的
拓展:be comfortable doing sth. 轻松愉快的做某事
例:Now, I can be comfortable talking with my friend in English.
现在,我能轻松愉快地用英语同我的朋友交谈。
7. Yellow is the colour of the sun, so it can remind you of a warm sunny day. 黄色是太阳的颜色,因此它能使你想起一个温暖、晴朗的日子。
remind… of … 使……想起……, remind 此处用作及物动词,意为“提醒,使想起”
The book reminds me of my best friend. 这本书使我想起了我最好的朋友。
拓展:①remind sb. + that 从句,意为“提醒某人”
He reminds me that I should go on. 他提醒我应该继续。
②remind sb. to do sth. 意为“提醒某人做某事”
What you said reminds me to see Mike in hospital.
你的话使我记起了去看望住院的迈克。
三.Grammar
1. She is sure that yellow can bring her good luck. 她相信黄色能带给她好运。
luck n. 意为“机遇;运气”,good luck 意为“好运气”
例:What a piece of luck! 运气真好!
lucky adj. 意为“幸运的”,常构成固定短语 be lucky to do sth.
例:She was lucky enough to be chosen for the team.
她很幸运地被选中加入这个队。
luckily adv. 意为“幸运地”
Luckily, he wasn’t hurt in the accident.
幸运的是,他在事故中没有受伤。
2. I think colours influence our everyday lives in many ways. 我认为在很多方面颜色影响我们的日常生活。
everyday adj. 意为“日常的”,只作定语
例:These are her everyday clothes. Most of them are red.
这些是她日常穿的衣服。大部分是红色的。
辨析: everyday 与 every day
易混词
everyday 形容词:仅用于名词前,在句中作定语
The internet has become a part of everyday life. 互联网已成为日常生活的一部分。
every day 副词短语:在句中作时间状语
We should take exercise every day.
我们应该每天锻炼。
3. I notice light colours make rooms seem larger. 我注意到浅色使房间看起来更大。
(1). light 此处用作形容词,意为“浅色的,淡色的”,其反义词为dark“深色的”。
例:My little sister prefers dark colours to light ones. 我妹妹喜欢深色胜过浅色。
拓展:① light adj. 意为“轻的” (反义词 heavy)
例:This bag is light and that one is heavy. 这个包轻,那个包重。
② light 用作不可数名词,意为“光线”
例:The sun gives off light and heat. 太阳散发光和热。
③ light 用作可数名词,意为“灯”
例:Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 当你离开时记得关灯。
④ light (lit/ lighted, lit/ lighted) 用作动词,意为“点燃”
例:It’s time to light up. 点灯的时候到了。
(2). notice v. 意为“注意,注意到”,其后可接that 从句。
例:I noticed (that) he left early. 我注意到他早退了。
辨析: notice sb. do sth. 与 notice sb. doing sth.
notice sb. do sth. 意为“注意到某人做了某事或做某事的全过程”; notice sb. doing sth. 意为“注意到某人正在做某事”。
例:I noticed him enter the room. 我注意到他进了房间。
I noticed him entering the room. 我注意到他正进入房间。
拓展:notice 用作可数名词,意为“通知,布告,告示”。
There’re many notices in the newspaper. 报纸上有很多告示。
(3). seem此处用作联系动词,意为“好像,仿佛,似乎”。常用于“seem to be + 形容词/名词/介词短语”。
例:He seems to be sad. 他似乎很伤心。
They seem to be teachers. 他们似乎是老师。
拓展:seem的其他用法:
① It seems as if + 从句
例:It seems as if it is going to snow. 天看起来要下雪。
② seem可用于“it seems + that 从句”中,可与seem to do/be sth.互换。
例:It seems that she is happy. = She seems to be happy. 她似乎很高兴。
4. Should I stay at home instead of going shopping with my classmate 我应该呆在家里而不是和我的同班同学去购物吗?
instead of 介词短语,意为“代替,而不是”。
例:We went there on foot instead of by bike.
我们步行去那里,而不是骑自行车去那里。
辨析: instead of 与 instead
instead of 介词短语,意为“代替,而不是” 用于句中,其后跟名词、代词、或动名词;是前者代替后者
instead 副词,意为“代替;反而” 通常用于句末,是后者代替前者;用于句首时,起连接上下句的作用,通常是上句含有否定的意义,用于引出下句并提出相反的情况
例:He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow. 明天他将替我值日。
They didn’t go swimming. They went to play football instead.
他们没去游泳,而是去踢足球了。
5. 宾语从句
(一)宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例:He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例:He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例:I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
(二)宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例:I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
(三)宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
例:I don’t think (that) you are right.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station
Do you think he will come tomorrow
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例:He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
例:Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
四.Integrated skills
1. We promise that this therapy can help you change your moods, or you will get your money back! 我们承诺这种疗法能够帮助你改变心情,否则你可以取回你的钱。
promise 此处用作及物动词,意为“承诺,允诺,答应”,后接名词、代词、动词不定式或从句作宾语。
例:I promise you. 我想你保证。
My brother promised to help me. 我哥哥答应要帮助我。
拓展:promise 用作可数名词,意为“允诺,诺言”
常见搭配:make a promise 作出承诺 keep/ break one’s promise 履行/违背诺言
2. She suggests different clothes to different people. 她为不同的人建议不同的衣服。
suggest v. 意为“建议;提议”,其后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式。(suggestion 名词形式)
例:My doctor suggested a walk to me. 我的医生建议我散散步。
My friend suggested having a big dinner together. 我的朋友建议一起吃顿大餐。
拓展:① “建议某人做某事”不可用suggest sb. to do sth.句型,但可用advise sb. to do sth.
② 表示“向某人建议某事”可用 suggest sth. to sb.
3. I’d rather wear orange. 我更喜欢穿橙色的衬衫。
would rather 意为“宁可;较喜欢”,其后接动词原形。
would rather…than… 意为“宁可……而不愿……”
例:She would rather help her father on the farm than play the piano.
她宁可在农场帮助父亲,也不愿弹钢琴。
五.Study skills & Task
1. Scientists now think this started many years ago.科学家们现在认为这源于许多年前。
①scientist 可数名词,科学家
例:I want to be a scientist when I grow up. 当我长大时,我想成为一名科学家。
②scientific 形容词,意为“科学的”。
例:We can solve many problems by using scientific methods.
我们可以使用科学的方法解决许多问题。
③science 名词,意为“自然科学”。
例:My favourite subject is science. 我最喜欢的学科是自然科学。
2. When most men worked in the fields, the weather was very important to them. 当大部分男人在地里干活时,天气对他们来说是非常重要的。
important adj. 意为“重要的”,其反义词为unimportant, 意为“不重要的”。
常用句型:it’s important for sb. to do sth.
例:It’s important for us to keep healthy. 对我们来说保持健康很重要。
拓展:importance 不可数名词,意为“重要,重要性”。
例:You should know the importance of the environment.
你应该知道环境的重要性。
二.词汇拓展
1.characteristic n.特征;品质 → n. 人物
2.relaxed adj.放松的;自在的- → v.放松 →_________ adj.令人放松的.
3.peace n.安宁;和平;和睦 → adj.安宁的,平静的
4.sadness n.悲伤,忧伤- → adj.悲伤的,忧伤的
5.purity n.纯洁 → adj.纯洁的
6.create vt.创造,创建 → adj.有创造力的 → n.创造者 → n.创造
7.feeling n.感觉,感受 → v.感觉,感到
8.wisdom n.智慧 → adj.明智的
9.strength n.力量 → adj.强壮的
10.difficulty n.困难,费力 → adj.困难的,费力的
11.decision n.决定 → v. 决定
12.relationship n.关系 → v.有联系 → adj.有关系的→ n.亲属,亲戚 → n.关系,联系
13.certainly adj.必定地,无疑地→ adj. 必定的,无疑的
14.personal adj.个人的,私人的 → n.人 → n. 个性
15.1lcelebration n.庆祝;庆祝活动→ v. 庆祝
16.practise vt.从事,执业→ adj.实际的
17.stressed adj.紧张的;有压力的→ n.压力
18.suggest vt.建议→ n. 建议
19.warmth n.温暖;暖和;热情→ adj.温暖的
答案
1.characteristic n.特征;品质 →Character n. 人物
2.relaxed adj.放松的;自在的- →relax v.放松 →relaxing adj.令人放松的.
3.peace n.安宁;和平;和睦 →peaceful adj.安宁的,平静的
4.sadness n.悲伤,忧伤- →sad adj.悲伤的,忧伤的
5.purity n.纯洁 →pure adj.纯洁的
6.create vt.创造,创建 →creative adj.有创造力的 →creator n.创造者 →creation n.创造
7.feeling n.感觉,感受 →feel v.感觉,感到
8.wisdom n.智慧 →wise adj.明智的
9.strength n.力量 →strong adj.强壮的
10.difficulty n.困难,费力 →difficult adj.困难的,费力的
11.decision n.决定 →decide v. 决定
12.relationship n.关系 →relate v.有联系 →related adj.有关系的 →relative n.亲属,亲戚 →relation n.关系,联系
13.certainly adj.必定地,无疑地 →certain adj. 必定的,无疑的
14.personal adj.个人的,私人的 →person n.人 →personality n. 个性
15.1lcelebration n.庆祝;庆祝活动- →celebrate v. 庆祝
16.practise vt.从事,执业 →practical adj.实际的
17.stressed adj.紧张的;有压力的 →stress n.压力
18.suggest vt.建议 →suggestion n. 建议
19.warmth n.温暖;暖和;热情 →warm adj.温暖的