Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.correspond A．vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事
( )2.outcome B．adj.最好的；最重要的
( )3.humble C．adj.谦虚的，谦卑的
( )4.launch D．n. the result or effect of an action
or event
( )5.premier E．vi. to write letters to sb. and
receive letters from them
[答案] 1—5 EDCAB
B．短语匹配
( )1.be committed to A．挑出；挑选
( )2.not to mention B．算出，想出
( )3.range from...to... C．被用来做……
( )4.at the same time D．致力于
( )5.figure out E．更不用说
( )6.turn to F．与此同时
( )7.single out G．范围从……到……
( )8.be used to do... H．求助于
[答案] 1—5 DEGFB 6—8 HAC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．innovation n． 新发明，新方法，新观念；革新，
创新
2．garbage n. 垃圾
3．donate vi.&vt. 捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献
4．instant adj. 立刻的，马上的
5．perceive vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉
6．physicist n. 物理学家
7．propose vt. 提出(某观点、方法等)
8．accuracy n. 准确性；精准度；正确，准确
9．constant adj. 恒久不变的，持续不断的，经常发
生的n.常量，恒量
10．subsequently adv. 后来，随后
Ⅰ.语境填词
launch；perceive；device；donate；outcome；instant；garbage；innovation；finding；joint
1．They issued a joint statement denying the charges.
2．I can't perceive any difference between these pictures.
3．We must promote originality and encourage innovation．
4．The uncollected garbage mounts in city streets.
5．There is a new device for cars that warns drivers of traffic jams ahead.
6．He spooned instant coffee into two of the mugs.
7．He has maintained that the money was donated for international purposes.
8．The newspaper launched a vitriolic attack on the president.
9．We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations.
10．The book describes in outline the main findings of the research.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．She deals with all the correspondence promptly and efficiently(efficient)．
2．The entertainment(entertain) was provided by a folk band.
3．Even the most gifted(gift) can have confidence destroyed by the wrong instructor.
4．Subsequently(subsequent)，new guidelines were issued to all employees.
5．A physicist(physics) is a scientist who studies physics.
6．They questioned the accuracy(accurate) of the information in the file.
1．Amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transport，not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.
医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。
2．Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time，mass or length are constant—they change according to our experience of them.
爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。
3．This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin，which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.
这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。
4．It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000 kilograms.
它长100英尺，高10英尺，重30 000多公斤。
5．With computers talking to one another，it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.
计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。
词语助读
①discovery n．发现
②completely adv.完全地；全部地
③amazing adj.令人惊讶的；令人吃惊的
④transport n．交通；交通运输
⑤not to mention更不用说
⑥range from...to...在……范围内变化
⑦operation n．手术
⑧replace vt.代替；取代
⑨donate vi.&vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献
⑩correspond vi.通信
instant adj.立刻的，马上的
launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事
satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
orbit n．轨道vi.&vt.沿轨道运行
figure out算出，想出
split vi.&vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)
atom n．原子
previously adv.先前；以前
particle n．粒子，质点
single out挑出；挑选
pioneer n．先锋；先驱；开拓者
premier adj.最好的；最重要的
outspoken adj.坦率的，直言不讳的
rock vt.轻轻摇晃；缓缓摇动
subsequently adv.后来，随后
unbelievable adj.难以置信的
relativity n．相对性
length n．长；长度
constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的
biologist n．生物学家
bacteria n．细菌
laboratory n．实验室
mould n．霉，霉菌
penicillin n．青霉素，盘尼西林
perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉
humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的
outcome n．结果，后果
cure vt.治疗；治愈
accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确
missile n．导弹，飞弹
turn to求助于
physicist n．物理学家
deal with处理；对付
joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
matter vi.要紧；重要
nothing like一点也不像
tube n．圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管
circuit n．电路，线路；环形道路
turn on打开
efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地
the Cold War冷战
propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)
enable vt.使能够
establish vt.建立；确立
the World Wide Web万维网
unimaginable adj.难以想象的
be dedicated to致力于
transform vt.转换；改变
there is no doubt...毋庸置疑
breakthrough n．突破
原文呈现
If you had to choose the single most important discovery① of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your hands.In just 100 years，the world has changed completely②.Amazing③ discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transport④，not to mention⑤ our knowledge of the world and space.Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to⑥ staging operations⑦ to replace⑧ diseased organs with donated⑨ munications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，and the way we correspond⑩ went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.[1] We started flying around the world，launching satellites into orbit and，at the same time，scientists figured out how to split the atom ，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.[2]
Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.Here are some of them.
[1]the way后面直接跟定语从句。
[2]thought to be...是过去分词短语作定语修饰the atom。
One of the 20th century's premier scientists was Albert Einstein.In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one year old baby when he was suddenly inspired.[3]Subsequently ，“E＝mc2” was born.It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity ” that not even time，mass or length are constant —they change according to our experience of them.
[3]be doing...when...表示“正在……这时……”。
In 1929，another important finding was made by biologist Alexander Fleming.Before he went on holiday，Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory .When he came back，he noticed something strange.He double checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.[4]This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin ，which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.A few years later，penicillin was being mass produced and helping to save the lives of millions.Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，” he said，“I just found it.”
[4]around which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a blue mould。
During World War Ⅱ，when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles .The navy turned to Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist ，to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort.Although they only finished after the war in 1946，it did not matter .This huge machine was the world's first computer，but it was nothing like our computers today.It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000 kilograms.With 18，000 tubes ，thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches，it used so much energy that when it was turned on ，the lights in the local town went out!
With the development of computers，people expected to get more things done efficiently .During the Cold War ，a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists.With computers talking to one another，it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.By the end of the 1960s，some mini networks were established，but only a few computers could connect to them.In 1990，Tim Berners Lee invented the World Wide Web，which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other.Nowadays，life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable.
These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on Earth.Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”，with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.There is no doubt about it.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
译文参考
如果必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件容易的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因，到用捐赠的器官替换患病器官的移植手术。移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
尽管不太可能选出哪项发现是最重要的，但是挑选出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位。
爱因斯坦是20世纪最杰出的科学家之一。1905年夏天，这个坦率的年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。于是，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明了一小块物质可以产生巨大的能量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的，它们根据我们对它们的感知而变化。
1929年，另一项重要的发现由生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明发现了。在去度假之前，弗莱明在实验室里放了一个培养细菌的器皿。回来时，他注意到器皿里有点儿奇怪。经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌实际上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青霉素开始大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。弗莱明对他这一惊人的发现态度谦虚，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发现了它。”
第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈疾病时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹精度的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利，两人共同制造一台机器来完成这项工作。尽管机器在1946年战争结束后才制造出来，但仍产生了巨大影响。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今天的计算机完全不同。它长100英尺，高10英尺，重30 000多公斤。它有18 000个显像管，数千条电路和6 000个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！
随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20世纪60年代末，一些小型网络已经建立起来，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990年，蒂姆·伯纳·李发明了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是难以想象的。
这些20世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。有一点是毫无疑问的。如果没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。
速读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．Albert Einstein was at work when he thought of“E＝mc2”．
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Humble studied the universe for over twenty years.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when he found penicillin.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．The first computer was very huge.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Albert Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BCBAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．when it was turned on
B．how to split the atom
C．which the bacteria had been destroyed
D．when he was suddenly inspired
E．which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other
1．Einstein was rocking his one year old baby ．
2．Fleming double checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around ．
3．The first computer used so much energy that the lights in the local town went out!
4．Tim Berners Lee invented the World Wide Web， ．
5．In the 20th century，scientists figured out ，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
[答案] 1—5 DCAEB
Ⅲ.表格填空
It is really a 1.problem to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，because so many 2.amazing discoveries were made.
Here are some 5.pioneers of the scientists. 3.Einstein discovered “E＝mc2” when was rocking his little baby.
Alexander Fleming made another finding—a kind of blue mould，later called 4.penicillin，could be used to kill bacteria.
Eckert and 6.Mauchly produced the world's first computer，which measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 7.30，000 kilograms.
Two American scientists 8.proposed a “huge network” of computers.In 1990，9.Tim Berners Lee invented the World Wide Web，which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other.
Without these pioneers，the world today would be a completely 10.different place.
细读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Some great pioneers and their inventions.
2．Paras.2－6 B．The significance of these
breakthroughs.
3．Para.7 C．A brief introduction of scientific
breakthroughs in the 20th century.
[答案] 1—3 CAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Why would people have a real problem，if they had to choose the most important discovery of the 20th century
A．Because different people have different ideas and it's difficult to choose.
B．Because there were no great discoveries in the 20th century.
C．Because there was no common standard to judge.
D．Because so many amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communication，transport and many other fields，and they all had a great influence on the world.
2．How did Einstein think of the equation“E＝mc2”？
A．When he was at work.
B．His assistant helped him.
C．When he was rocking his one year old baby，he was inspired.
D．His dream inspired him.
3．Whose discovery can be used to save people's lives according to the text
A．Alex Fleming's. B．Eckert.
C．Albert Einstein's. D．Mauchly's.
4．What's the original purpose of designing the first computer
A．To do some difficult experiment.
B．To improve the accuracy of the missiles.
C．To help people make mathematics calculations.
D．To replace the missiles，becoming a new weapon.
5．Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage
A．Einstein discovered E＝mc2 when he was no at work.
B．The blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin.
C．The local town turned off their light to celebrate the first computer.
D．The first computer was difficult to program.
[答案] 1—5 DCABC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能——事物特征描写
A．阅读课文中含有事物特征描写的语句
1．This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin，which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.
2．This huge machine was the world's first computer，but it was nothing like our computers today.
3．It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30，000 kilograms.
B．判断下列语句中哪个是描写事物特征的
1．Amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transport，not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.
2．Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery.
3．With 18，000 tubes，thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches，it used so much energy that when it was turned on，the lights in the local town went out!
[答案] 3
1．produce vt.生产，制造→productive adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的
2．science n．科学→scientist n．科学家→scientific adj.科学(上)的
3．constant adj.恒久不变的，持续不断的，经常发生的 n．常量，恒量→constantly adv.持续不断地；经常地
4．propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)→proposal n．提议
launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事；首次上市/发行
①NASA plans to launch a satellite to study cosmic rays. 发射
②A group of 80 attackers launched an all out assault just before dawn. 发起
③The new model will be launched in July. 发行
Words and Phrases
entertainment n．娱乐活动；款待，招待
(教材原句P50) Entertainment and Communication
娱乐与交流
[例] This law applies to theatres，cinemas and other places of public entertainment.
此项法律适用于剧院、电影院和其他公共娱乐场所。
[知识拓展]
(1)find entertainment in 以……为乐
give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人
give a farewell entertainment to sb.
为某人举行欢送会
(2)entertain sb. to sth. 用……宴客/招待/款待某人(尤指在自
己家中)
entertain sb. with sth.＝sb. be entertained with sth. 用……使某人快乐
entertain sb. as... 把某人当……招待
(3)entertaining adj. 愉快的，有趣的，引人发笑的
entertainer n. 款待者；表演娱乐节目的人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Bob and Lily entertained us to dinner last night.
②He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes.
③She was always so funny and entertaining(entertain)．
gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的
[例] She was a gifted teacher who never talked down to her students.
她天生就是当老师的料，从来不用居高临下的口气对学生说话。
[知识拓展]
(1)be gifted in/at 在……方面有天赋
(2)gift n. 天赋，才华；礼物
have a gift for 有……天赋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Michael may have been a dunce at mathematics，but he was gifted at languages.
②Mother has a gift for making people feel at home.
(教材原句P52) Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
(1)correspond vi.通信；一致，符合
[例] The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to what was actually said.
那次谈话的文字记录与原话不符。
[知识拓展]
(1)correspond with sth. 与……相符合/一致
correspond with sb. 与……通信
correspond to 相当于，与……相对应
(2)correspondence n. 信件；通信(联系)；符合，一致，相似
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hundreds of people corresponded with London Underground suggesting poems，or just saying thank you.
②The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.
③There isn't much correspondence(correspond) between their views and ours.
(2)instant adj.立刻的，马上的；速溶的 n．立即，瞬间
[例] This account gives you instant access to your money.
这个账户让你随时调动款项。
[知识拓展]
the instant 一……就……
instantly adv. 立即，马上
conj. 一……就
in an instant 立即
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He instantly(instant) grasped that Stephen was talking about his wife.
②The instant he got to the station(他一到火车站)，the train had left already.
figure out计算出；解决；断定；理解
(教材原句P52) We started flying around the world，launching satellites into orbit and，at the same time，scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射至轨道。同时，科学家们发现了如何分裂原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
[例] It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.
他们花了大约1个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动设备。
[知识拓展]
figure in 把……考虑在内
figure on 计划；打算；预料到
figure sb. to be 料想某人是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday
②I figure on being in New York in January.
accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确
(教材原句P53) During World War Ⅱ，when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.
第二次世界大战期间，正当弗莱明的发现首次用来帮助治愈疾病时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹精度的方法。
[例] It was an important suit，and great accuracy was imperative.
这是一宗很重要的诉讼案，有必要搞得很准确。
[知识拓展]
accurate adj. 精确的，准确的
accurately adv. 准确地；精确地
inaccurate adj. 不准确的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We should train our students to speak English fluently and accurately(accurate)．
②Your information is inaccurate(accurate) and your conclusion is therefore wrong.
turn to求助于；转向；翻到(页码)
(教材原句P53) The navy turned to Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist，to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort.
海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利，两人共同制造一台机器来完成这项工作。
[例] For a full explanation of how the machine works，turn to page 5.
关于机器工作原理的详细说明，请翻阅第5页。
[知识拓展]
turn against 背叛
turn down 关小/拒绝
turn in 上交
turn...into... (使……)成为……
turn off 关(水源、煤气、电灯等)/避开(问题等)
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯、无线电等)/对……发怒
turn out 结果是/证明是/生产出
turn over (使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安
turn up 开大/出现/找到/证明是(＝turn out to be)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.
② The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields.
③The factory turned out more products than they had expected.
④The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.
[小片段助记]
The party was almost over，but Jane still didn't turn up.Tom was very disappointed.He didn't know why Jane didn't turn down his invitation if she didn't want to come.He turned over the bottles on the tables，and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom turned off all the lights in the hall，turning the hall into a world of darkness.No one could imagine how upset he was!
propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)
(教材原句P53) During the Cold War，a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists.
冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“庞大网络”。
[例] The government proposed changes to the voting system.
政府提议对投票制度进行改革。
[知识拓展]
propose that sb.(should) do sth.
建议/提议某人做某事
It is proposed that... 有人提议……
propose doing sth. 建议做某事
propose to do sth. 打算做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It is proposed that Lucy give a performance at the party.
②He proposed that we should have another discussion(我们再讨论一次)．
Sentence Pattern
there is no doubt...
(教材原句P53) There is no doubt about it.
有一点是毫无疑问的。
句式分析：There is no doubt about sth.表示“毫无疑问……”。
[例1] There is no doubt about the correct thing to do.
对该做的正确的事情，不要有什么顾虑。
[例2] There is no doubt about his role in the robbery.
他无疑参与了这桩抢劫案。
[知识拓展]
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether... 是否……还不确定
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is no doubt that cell phones and the Internet are the most important means of communication.
②There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
约翰会不会准时来还不太确定。
[名师点津] doubt可以作名词也可以作动词。用于肯定句时，其同位语从句和宾语从句用whether引导，不用if或that；用于否定句和疑问句时，其同位语从句和宾语从句用that引导，不用whether或if。
Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
分析：本句是一个复合句，the way后面的we correspond是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
译文：移动电话的使用给通信业带来了改变，通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
教材 高考
1.During World War Ⅱ，when Fleming's discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) At the Jorvik Centre in York，the city's Viking settlement is recreated，and people experience the sights，sounds and smells of the old town.Historical accuracy is important but so is entertainment.
2.We started flying around the world，launching satellites into orbit and，at the same time，scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list，fur probably didn't cross your mind.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is no doubt now that her marriage is beyond repair.
2．These movies were not only making money but also perceived(perceive) to be original.
3．They judged that the time was right for the proposal(propose) of new terms for the trade agreement.
4．He carefully figured out what time the first train would pass by.
5．These missiles can be fired with pinpoint accuracy(accurate)．
6．This is an entertaining(entertain) yet thought provoking film.
7．He made for the door instantly(instant) he heard the knock.
8．Science and technology are part of the productive(produce) forces.
9．The company subsequently(subsequent) reduced its lead time to 45 days.
10．Reporters constantly(constant) badger her about her private life.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be committed to；be used to；not to mention；single out；turn to；figure out
1．I turned to him for help，but he gave me a cold shoulder.
2．I can't figure out how to do this.
3．He has two big houses in this country，not to mention his villa in France.
4．The police force is committed to being an equal opportunities employer.
5．Now is not the time to single out your friends at work.
6．This method was used to do estimation at the initial stage because of the rough result.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It's really hard for us to choose the single most important discovery of 1.the 20th century，because so many 2.amazing (amaze) discoveries were made in such a large number of scientific 3.areas(area)．Here are some pioneers of scientists.
Albert Einstein 4.discovered (discover)the “E＝mc2” when he was taking care of his little baby.Alexander Fleming made another finding：a kind of blue mould，later called penicillin，could be used 5.to kill (kill) bacteria.Eckert and Mauchly invented 6.the world's first computer so as to improve the 7.accuracy (accurate) of the US Navy's missiles.Tim Berners Lee invented the World Wide Web，8.which enabled computers all over the world to communicate 9.with each other.
The breakthroughs of these pioneers 10.have changed (change)the world completely.
形容词
[归纳用法]
一、形容词的用法
形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和类别形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1．性质形容词
直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词。它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如：hot(热的)，happy(快乐的)，beautiful(美丽的)。这类形容词占大多数。
The beautiful girl spoke excellent English.
这个漂亮的女孩说一口漂亮的英语。
The girl is beautiful.
这个女孩很漂亮。
2．类别形容词
因为这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类，如：afraid(害怕的)，alone(单独的)，asleep(睡着的)，alive(活着的)，awake(醒着的)，以及worth(值得的)、unable(不可能的)等。
We don't know whether he is alive.我们不知道他是否还活着。
The boy is afraid of his father.这个男孩怕他爸爸。
多数形容词作定语和表语时词义相同，少数在意思上有区别。如ill作表语时，意为“生病的”；作定语时，则表示“坏的”“不良的” “不吉利的”。
二、形容词的位置
形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以 thing结尾的词时，要放在这些词之后。
We saw something white in the dark.
我们在黑暗中看到了一些白色的东西。
Is there anything important in the newspaper
报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？
三、形容词的顺序
1．如果有冠词(a，an，the)或代词(my，this，that...)修饰时，词序为：冠词或代词＋形容词＋名词。
a tall boy一个高个子男孩
an interesting book一本有趣的书
2．多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为：①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词＋②序数词＋基数词＋③一般性描绘形容词＋④大小、长短、形状＋年龄、新旧＋⑥颜色＋⑦国籍、出处＋⑧材料＋⑨用途、类别＋⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词。
例如：a beautiful little red flower
一朵美丽的小红花
those four old looking，grey，wooden houses
那四栋看上去很旧的灰色木屋
四、合成形容词
1．由“副词＋连字符＋过去分词”构成。如：
She watched him from behind half closed eyelids.
她半闭着眼观察他。
2．由“形容词＋连字符＋现在分词”构成。如：
The long playing record was made defunct by the arrival of the CD.
光盘的出现使慢转唱片过时了。
3．由“形容词＋连字符＋形容词”构成。如：
In his later life he became even more absent minded.
他晚年变得愈加健忘了。
五、形容词比较级
1．包含形容词比较级的句子多带有一个由than引起的从句，表示和谁或什么相比(从句中有些词会省略掉)：
She is taller than her elder sister.
她比她姐姐高。
They are better than English films.
它们比英国电影好。
2．有时状语从句可以省略：
The meals are more expensive in a restaurant.
在饭店吃饭要贵一点。
I had never seen a better film.
我没看过(比这)更好的电影。
3．比较级前有时可有一状语修饰：
My sister is two years younger than me.
我妹妹比我小两岁。
Our room is slightly bigger than theirs.
我们的房间比他们的房间稍大一点。
六、没有最高级和比较级的形容词
1．本身具有最大，最小含义的形容词：maximal/maximum最大的，minimal/minimum最小的，utmost/uttermost最远的，极度的，supreme最高的，favorite最喜爱的，特别喜爱的，topmost最高的，headmost最前面的，aftermost最后面的
2．本身具有比较含义的形容词：comparative比较的，relative相对的，preferable更可取的，former两者中前面的，latter两者中后面的，major主要的，minor次要的，inner内部的，outer外部的，inferior较差的，junior年少的，prior较早的，senior年长的，superior较优的，upper位置较高的
3．表示绝对意义的形容词：dead死的，living活的，empty空的，full满的，correct正确的，right对的，wrong错的，erroneous错误的，blind瞎的，deaf聋的，dumb哑的，equal相等的，real真实的，false假的，essential基本的，eternal永久的，perpetual永恒的，positive正的，negative负的，wonderful/excellent/marvellous极好的，infinite无限的，immortal不朽的，countless无数的，whole整体的，enough/adequate/sufficient足够的，ideal理想的，unemployed失业的，jobless无职业的，homeless无家可归的，speechless说不出话的
4．表示唯一含义的形容词：sole/mere/only唯一的；unique独一无二的；matchless无双的，无比的；single独一无二的，单一的
[即学即练] 完成句子
①I could not relax and still felt wide awake(感到睡意全无)．
②My favorite part of the experience(这个经历我最喜欢的部分) was sharing my feelings in China with her.
③The absent minded professor(那个健忘的教授) is always losing his books.
④Don't break into their conversation；they are discussing something important(正在讨论一些重要的事情)．
⑤The situation was more complicated(形势更复杂) than they had at first realized.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner(clean) than ever.
2．It's amazing(amaze) how quickly people adapt.
3．Some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)．
4．However，be careful (care) not to go to extremes.
5．I enjoyed studying different(differ) kinds of cars and planes.
6．Even worse(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
7．Shared bicycles are bringing cycling back to people's lives and they are making public transport more attractive(attract)．
8．The articles are intended for younger readers，but adults will find this site suitable(suit) for them as well.
9．The bigger(big)the activity inequality of a country is，the higher its rate of obesity will be.
10．Some world famous cultural(culture)sites may already be on your list：Buckingham Palace，Big Ben and the Tower of London.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
A festival for the dead is held once a year in Japan.This is a 1.traditional(tradition) festival in Japan and many celebrations are held.This festival is a 2.cheerful(cheer) occasion.3.On this day，the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living.As they are expected to be 4.hungry(hunger) after their long journey，food is laid out for them.Specially made lanterns are hung outside each house 5.to help(help) the dead to find their way.All night long，people dance and sing.In the early morning，the food that has been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered 6.unlucky(luck) for anyone living to eat it.In towns 7.that/which are near the sea，the small lanterns hung in the streets the night 8.before are placed into the water when the festival is over.Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea 9.guiding(guide) the dead on their return journey to the other world.At the same time，crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen 10.no more.课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Jackie and Ben came to a joint(共同的) decision as to where they would live.
2．Another time，a business donated(捐赠) six turkeys for Thanksgiving.
3．It was proposed(提议) that the president be elected for a period of two years.
4．The outcome(结果) of the court case was disappointing for the family involved.
5．Convinced of the accuracy(准确性) of the data，they stuck to their opinion.
6．Oxford has a lot to offer visitors in the way of entertainment(娱乐)．
7．With mobile phones in use，people don't often correspond(通信) with their friends.
8．Even gifted(有天赋的) children fail to progress without good teaching.
9．The government will launch(发起) a new offensive against crime.
10．Jane's constant(不断的) chatter was beginning to annoy him.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
The transatlantic car carrier，Oceanbird，is being designed by Wallenius Marine，a Swedish shipbuilder，with support from the Swedish government.
With a capacity(容量) of 7，000 vehicles，the 650 foot long vessel will have a similar size to ordinary car carriers，but it will look totally different.The ship will have five “wing sails”，with each being 260 feet tall.These sails are capable of turning 360 degrees，and it can be shortened to 195 feet in order to pass under bridges or withstand rough weather.
Although the general theory of wing sails is not new，designing the Oceanbird's sails has been a challenge，says Mikael Razola，the research project manager for Oceanbird.“That's because these are the tallest sails that have ever been constructed.The top of the sails will be more than 100 meters above the water surface.At such a height，the wind direction and speed change a lot，” says Razola.
To better understand the atmospheric conditions(大气条件) at this height，Wallenius put sensors on top of its existing vessels to gather data of wind.“All of this information has helped us make the most of the power available in the wind and design an efficient wing vessel，” says Razola.
With its special sails，Oceanbird will outperform conventional car carriers in the aspect of exhaust emission.Nowadays，the shipping industry is under pressure to reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases.According to the International Maritime Organization，the UN body that regulates global shipping，shipping accounted for 2.89% of global manmade greenhouse gas emissions in 2018.And in the same year，this organization introduced a mandatory(强制的) 50% reduction of total annual greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.Oceanbird is designed to exceed(超过) the target—Wallenius said the ship would emit 90% less CO2 than other car carriers.
With a stop speed of about 10 knots，Oceanbird will be slower than standard car carriers，which can travel at 17 knots.It will take around 12 days，instead of the standard seven to cross the Atlantic.“This long journey will require some scheduling changes as well as acceptance from carmakers，” said Razola.“But the response so far has been very positive.”
Researchers in Wallenius have built a 7 meter model of Oceanbird which will sail in Stockholm's archipelago to gather data that will help finalize the ship's design.“It will take around three years to launch the full size version.Our ambition is to see Oceanbird sailing in 2024，” Razola said.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了最新设计的巨型跨大西洋汽车运输船Oceanbird。
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The design of Oceanbird.
B．The capacity of Oceanbird.
C．The operating method of wing sails.
D．The sailing conditions for car carriers.
A [主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“With a capacity(容量) of 7，000 vehicles，the 650 foot long vessel...The ship will have five ‘wing sails’，with each being 260 feet tall...are capable of turning 360 degrees...”可知第二自然段主要介绍了Oceanbird的容量、尺寸、外观、性能，即Oceanbird的设计。故选A项。]
2．What brings challenges to the design of Oceanbird's sails
A．The lack of financial support.
B．The lack of previous theories.
C．The wind conditions at different heights.
D．The tough weather on the Atlantic Ocean.
C [推理判断题。根据第三自然段Razola所说的话“That's because these are the tallest sails that have ever been constructed...At such a height，the wind direction and speed change a lot.”可推断，Oceanbird的设计遇到的挑战是不同的高度风向和风速也不同。故选C项。]
3．What will Wallenius do in the future according to Paragraph 6
A．Increase the sailing speed.
B．Arrange a scientific sailing schedule.
C．Handle the conflicts between carmakers.
D．Use standard ships instead of Oceanbird.
B [细节理解题。根据第六自然段“This long journey will require some scheduling changes as well as acceptance from carmakers.”可知Wallenius需要更科学地安排航行计划。故选B项。]
4．Which of the following best describes Oceanbird
A．Giant and inconvenient.
B．Low cost but inefficient.
C．High capacity and high speed.
D．Well designed and environment friendly.
D [推理判断题。根据第二自然段中各种数据可知Oceanbird设计精良，根据第五自然段“Oceanbird is designed to exceed(超过) the target—Wallenius said the ship would emit 90% less CO2 than other car carriers.”可知Oceanbird绿色环保。故选D项。]
B
The Tibet autonomous region has placed nearly half its land area under the strictest ecological supervision(监督)．It was announced at an annual meeting of the regional People's Congress，which kicked off on Wednesday.
The ecological protection area，which covers more than 539，000 square kilometers，makes up 45 percent of the region's area，and 22 ecological reserves have been built and are operational.
According to the government work report，the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet's cities has reached 99.4 percent，and all the region's drinking water sources have met applicable standards.
The report also said that the number of Tibetan antelope(羚) in the region has risen to more than 200，000，wildlife species to 1，072 and black necked cranes to more than 8，000.Five rare new species have been discovered in recent years.The region has spent 12.2 billion yuan ($1.9 billion) on ecological protection projects in recent years.Five cities and three counties have been named as national level ecologically civilized model cities and counties，and more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part time ecological protection work.
More advanced monitoring facilities have been in place in the reserve，with more ecological protection inspectors employed to undertake protection work.The professional ecological inspectors are provided with basic tools such as motorcycles，telescopes and paging receivers，and they provide feedback regularly.Professional inspectors also receive one week of training every year from professors at Tibet University.
Kunsang Darje，a railway maintenance worker in Nagchu，said that apart from maintaining the railway and highway，he also collects trash along the section with his colleagues.“The place I work is in a no man's land，and I think it's very important to protect the animals there without affecting them with human activities，and we are also bound to take responsibility there，” he said.
【语篇解读】 文章主要报道了西藏自治区的生态转好的现象。
5．What is the main idea of the text
A．The ecological situation in Tibet has been totally improved.
B．Almost half Tibetan land has been ecologically supervised.
C．Many more operational ecological reserves have been built.
D．More Tibetan protection inspectors have been employed.
B [主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Tibet autonomous region has placed nearly half its land area under the strictest ecological supervision(监督)．”可知，西藏自治区接近一半的土地被进行了严格的生态监督，故选B。]
6．Which of the following is the positive effect of Tibet's ecological protection
A．Larger protection areas.
B．Numerous rare new species.
C．More days with quality air.
D．Global capital investments.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段“According to the government work report，the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet's cities has reached 99.4 percent”可知，西藏生态保护的积极影响是：西藏的空气质量得到改善，更多的日子有优质的空气，故选C。]
7．By doing ecological protection work， ．
A．protection inspectors can employ other people
B．protection inspectors are supplied with cars
C．Tibet's rural residents can get annual training
D．Tibet's rural residents can earn extra money
D [细节理解题。根据第四段“more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part time ecological protection work”可知，通过生态保护工作，乡村居民可以赚更多的钱。故选D。]
8．What can be inferred from Kunsang Darje's words
A．He asks his colleagues not to litter everywhere.
B．He attaches importance to raise animals there.
C．He keeps railway and highway in good condition.
D．He has a sense of duty to protect animals there.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段“The place I work is in a no man's land，and I think it's very important to protect the animals there without affecting them with human activities，and we are also bound to take responsibility there”可知，Kunsang Darje有保护那里的动物的责任感。故选D。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
What to cook when you have guests？I always feel like I'm walking on eggshells(小心翼翼) when I have to prepare a dinner party for new friends or people I don't know well. 1 Others can't stand a particular vegetable.And even puddings have their critics(批评者)．Attitudes towards food can be formed during childhood and have an impact on the rest of their lives.
Take President George Bush senior for example.He had been forced by his mother to eat broccoli(西兰花)since he was a kid.So，upon taking office he banned the vegetable aboard Air Force One. 2 Dr Emma Uprichard from the University of Warwick published a study on food hates. 3 They don't like milk puddings—semolina and rice pudding—often associated with school dinners of the 50s and 60s.
But it's not only bad memories that make us turn our noses up at certain foods. 4 Scientists researching genetic differences say there are various groups of “tasters”．The one they call “super tasters” are more likely to have a strong dislike for bitter foods such as broccoli and Brussels sprouts(抱子甘蓝)．I always keep my fingers crossed that none of my dinner party guests are in this group.
5 The British don't eat horse meat.Brazilians like a black bean stew(炖菜)with pork which，in the experience of a Brazilian cooking for friends here in London，isn't popular with Kurdish people.
So you understand a cook's dilemma when he has guests unfamiliar to him.
A．There are biological reasons too.
B．Food is to man what water is to fish.
C．And food is about cultural diversity too.
D．Everyone prefers healthy food to fast food.
E．Some eaters are particular and don't like cheese.
F．It revealed common patterns in foods the British reject.
G．This left a bitter taste in the mouths of farmers producing it.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了对食物的态度不同的原因。
1．E [根据前文“I always feel like I'm walking on eggshells(小心翼翼) when I have to prepare a dinner party for new friends or people I don't know well.”以及后文“Others can't stand a particular vegetable.”可猜测，划线句讲的也是客人不爱吃的食物。E选项符合题意，故选E项。]
2．G [根据前文“So，upon taking office he banned the vegetable aboard Air Force One.”可知，下文可描述这一举措带来的影响。G选项符合题意，故选G项。]
3．F [根据前文“Dr Emma Uprichard from the University of Warwick published a study on food hates.”以及后文“They don't like milk puddings—semolina and rice pudding—often associated with school dinners of the 50s and 60s.”可知，划线句描写的是这项研究所调查对象的饮食模式。F选项符合题意，故选F项。]
4．A [根据前文“But it's not only bad memories that make us turn our noses up at certain foods.”以及后文“Scientists researching genetic differences say there are various groups of ‘tasters’．”可知，我们对某些食物嗤之以鼻也跟基因有关系。A选项符合题意，故选A项。]
5．C [根据后文“The British don't eat horse meat.Brazilians like a black bean stew with pork which，in the experience of a Brazilian cooking for friends here in London，isn't popular with Kurdish people.”可知，本段讲述的是食物跟国家文化也有联系。C选项符合题意，故选C项。]
7/71．Necessity is the mother of invention.
—Plato
需要是发明之母。
——柏拉图
2．The best way to predict the future is to invent it.
—Alan Kay
预测未来的最好方式就是创造未来。
——阿伦凯
3．The more original a discovery，the more obvious it seems afterwards.
—Arthur Koestler
一项发现越是具有原创性，事后看来它就越是显而易见。
——亚瑟·库斯勒
4．Creating all the extraordinary things is always associated with young age and creativity together.
—Gerd
创造一切非凡事物总是同青年时代和创造力联系在一起的。
——格尔德
We should always bear in mind that the consciousness of innovation is of great significance to us all.Hence，we need to develop a habit of discovering new things，using new methods and applying new thoughts in our work，study or simply everyday life.Innovation is the spirit of human being's progress.
Engineer Martin Bacon and a group of volunteers from Teesdale Conservation in Durham，England，have been hard at work making coffee grounds into something special：gas for a speedy coffee powered car.The car ran entirely on coffee grounds and broke the world speed record for a car powered by organic waste.The coffee car，an adapted Rover SD1，averaged 66.5 mph，breaking the previous record of 47 mph achieved by a U．S. team which built a car fuelled by wood pellets.
Engineer Martin Bacon，with his team，removed all the equipment from the old car and refitted it with an onboard wood gas generator system，which turns waste coffee grounds into energy to drive the engine.Mr.Bacon said the car could run 100 miles on 10 kg of coffee grounds，collected from two local cafes.
[探索发现]
1．What fuel is used to drive the engine of a car built by a U．S.team
By wood pellets.
2．How far can the car run with 20 kg of coffee grounds to power
200 miles.Section Ⅱ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.decline A．vi.出现，浮现
( )2.grand B．n.重力，引力
( )3.gravity C．n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；
红利
( )4.emerge D．adj. impressive and large or
important
( )5.bonus E．v. a continuous decrease in the
number
[答案] 1—5 EDBAC
B．短语匹配
( )1.come into one's mind A．突然
( )2.occur to B．尽管
( )3.by coincidence C．某人突然想起
( )4.all of a sudden D．阻止……做某事
( )5.in spite of E．碰巧；巧合
( )6.prevent...from doing sth. F．发生
[答案] 1—6 CFEABD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．clueless adj. 一无所知的，一窍不通的
2．evaluation n. 评估，评价
3．overcome vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
4．grand adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
5．theoretical adj. 理论的
Ⅰ.语境填词
decline；gravity；overcome；bonus；grand
1．The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.
2．The festival ended with a grand finale in Hyde Park.
3．The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.
4．He decided to quit his job after getting the bonus．
5．Anything with strong gravity attracts other things to it.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．What is the custom and usage in this emergence(emerge)
2．Yet they seem to have been quite clueless(clue) about what life was like below stairs.
3．The evaluation(evaluate) of conduct involves some amount of generalization.
4．We expect to see further improvement(improve) over the coming year.
5．This offer is subject to availability(available)．
1．On 14 March，2018，one of the world's most influential scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76.
2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。
2．In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach，which was easier for him.
职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。
3．Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
4．In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.
在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
5．And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations.
他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和许多人及机构的帮助。
词语助读
①influential adj.有影响力的；有支配力的
②brilliant adj.杰出的，精彩的
③theoretical adj.理论的
④cosmology n．宇宙学
⑤overcome vt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜
⑥challenge n．&v.挑战
⑦ALS肌萎缩侧索硬化症
⑧rare adj.罕见的，稀有的
⑨slow progressing adj.慢性的
⑩the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge剑桥天文研究所
rather than而不是
operation n．手术
as a result结果
speech generating语音生成
physical adj.身体的；物理的
decline vi.&vt.减少，降低；拒绝
cease vt.停止；终止
the Big Bang“宇宙大爆炸”
completely adv.完全地；彻底地
A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》
therefore adv.因此
version n．版本
Leonard Mlodinow莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺
argue v．争论；辩论；争吵
explanation n．解释；说明
audience n．观众；听众
look up朝上看
curious adj.好奇的
in spite of尽管
prevent...from doing sth.阻止……做某事(from可以省略)
expectation n．预料；期待
bonus n．意外收获，额外的好处；奖金，红利
organisation n．组织；机构
原文呈现
On 14 March，2018，one of the world's most influential① scientists，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，aged 76.Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant② work in theoretical③ physics and cosmology④，but also for overcoming⑤ the challenges⑥ of ALS⑦ (a disease that affects muscle control)．
Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January，1942，in Oxford.He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959.At the age of 21，when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge，physicians discovered he had a rare⑧，slow progressing⑨ form of ALS.He was only expected to live for a few years.
Hawking later found a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge⑩.In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach，which was easier for him.[1]In 1985，he had to have an operation .As a result ，he lost his speech.Soon his doctors developed a piece of speech generating equipment that allowed him to speak.However，as his illness became worse，he lost the use of his hands.
[1]but连接并列句；which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容。
Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.Hawking believed that the birth of the universe (the “Big Bang ”) created many small black holes.His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole.[2]This hole led to another universe，completely separate from our own.
[2]that引导表语从句。
Hawking also wrote books.His 1988 book，A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes ，sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth.However，many people could not really understand what he had written.[3]Therefore ，Hawking decided to write a simpler version ，A Briefer History of Time (2005)．
[3]what引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语。
In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow )，Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.Instead of trying to find one big new explanation ，scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.[4]
[4]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词ideas。
At the opening of the London 2012 Olympics，Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious .”
In spite of his disease，Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man.He said it had not prevented him from having a family，and being successful in his work.“My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21.Everything since then has been a bonus .” And he believed this was because of the help he received from his family and a large number of people and organisations [5]．
[5]省略which或that的定语从句，其先行词是help。
译文参考
2018年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，斯蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。
1942年1月8日斯蒂芬·霍金出生于牛津，1959年进入牛津大学学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥大学的第一年，医生发现他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。
后来霍金在剑桥天文研究所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丧失了说话能力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆炸)形成了许多小黑洞，在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，许多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金决定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。
在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。科学家们应该把他们已经有的想法汇集起来，而不是尝试寻找一个全新的解释。
2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰望星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持好奇心。”
尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人的支持和许多人及机构的帮助。
速读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．When Hawking studied at the University of Oxford，he was found he had a rare，slow progressing form of ALS.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Hawking taught students when he worked at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．As time went by，Hawking could not speak and move his hands.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．When Hawking developed new ideas about black holes，he stopped his work.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Hawking wrote the book of The Grand Design on his own.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BBABB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．what he had written
B．that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole
C．when Hawking spent his first year at the University of Cambridge
D．that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe
E．which was easier for him
1．At the age of 21， ，physicians discovered he had a rare，slow progressing form of ALS.
2．In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach， ．
3．His theory of Big Bang was ．
4．Many people could not really understand in A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes.
5．In The Grand Design (2010，with Leonard Mlodinow)，Hawking argued ．
[答案] 1—5 CEBAD
Ⅲ.表格填空
Stephen Hawking
1942 He was born in 1.Oxford.
2.1959 He went to the University of Oxford to study physics.
At the age of 21 He was diagnosed with 3.ALS.
1985 He had an operation and he lost his 4.speech.Worse still，he lost the use of 5.his hands.
1988 A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes，was sold one copy for every 6.750 people on Earth.
2005 To make people really understand what he had written，7.A Briefer History of Time was written.
2010 In The Grand Design，he argued we should look for a different way to discover the universe and scientists should 8.put together all the ideas that they already have.
2012 At the opening of 9.Olympics，he said a word to a TV audience of 900 million people.
10.2018 He died in England.
细读课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Make a speech to the audience.
2．Para.2 B．His attitude to life.
3．Para.3 C．His books.
4．Para.4 D．His birth and study.
5．Para.5 E．His theory about the birth of
universe.
6．Para.6 F．Stephen Hawking's death.
7．Para.7 G．His work and his illness.
8．Para.8 H．An advocacy in his book：The
grand Design.
[答案] 1—5 FDGEC 6—8 HAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．When did Hawking study in the University of Cambridge
A．In 1942. B．In 1959.
C．In 1963. D．In 2005.
2．What did Hawking do when he worked at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge
A．He taught students.
B．He did research.
C．He did research as well as taught student.
D．He found ways to fight ALS.
3．Why Hawking wrote A Briefer History of Time
A．Because his book sold so well.
B．Because he wanted to make people understand his idea simply.
C．Because his theory was not fully described.
D．Because his illness declined.
4．According to the passage，which one is NOTtrue
A．Hawking owed his success to the help of others.
B．Hawking thought scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
C．Hawking thought scientists should find one big new explanation to the secrets of the universe.
D．Hawking thought we people should be curious.
[答案] 1—4 CBBC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能——表达观点看法
A．阅读课文中含有表达观点看法的语句
1．Hawking believed that the birth of the universe(the “Big Bang”) created many small black holes.
2．His theory was that there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole.
3．Hawking argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe.
B．判断下列语句哪个不是表达观点看法的
1....he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
2.... Hawking said to a TV audience of 900 million people：“Look up at the stars and not down at your feet...be curious.”
3．In spite of his disease，Hawking didn't consider himself an unlucky man.
[答案] 1
1．emerge vi.出现，浮现→emergence n．出现；浮现
2．clue n．线索，情节vt.为……提供线索→clueless adj.一无所知的，一窍不通的
3．evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价
4．theory n．理论；学说→theoretical adj.理论的
Words and Phrases
come into one's mind突然想起
[例] I hesitated to apply the word “vulnerable” to him but it came into my mind.
我不愿用“脆弱”这个词来形容他，但它却突然出现在我脑子里了。
[知识拓展]
absence of mind 出神、心不在焉
after one's mind 合……的心意
apply the mind to 用心于……、专心于……
bear/keep sth. in mind 把某事记在心里、记住
change one's mind 改变主意
come to one's mind 想起
[即学即练] 完成句子
①You should bear in mind the correct pronunciation of the words(记住单词的正确读音) while learning English.
②Frequently absence of mind in the class(课上经常心不在焉) made him fail in the exam.
occur to发生；突然想起
[例] The view of the case didn't occur to me before.
这种情况的观点以前我从未想到过。
[知识拓展]
occur to sb. 某人突然想起
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事
It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想到……
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①Only then did it occur to me to ask about her grades(我想起问问她的分数)．
②It didn't occur to me that there'd be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday.
emerge vi.出现；浮现
[例] New evidence emerged，vindicating him completely.
新证据出现了，证明他完全是无辜的。
[知识拓展]
(1)emerge from 出现，暴露(问题、意见等)
It emerged that... 暴露，出现
(2)emergence n. 出现；发生；露头
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He emerged from the trial with his reputation intact.
②Do not worry about change，challenge new emergence(emerge)．
③It emerged that her past behaviour was far from irreproachable.
by coincidence巧合地；碰巧地
(教材原句P56) to happen by coincidence
碰巧发生
[例] I have called you several times，but you were not in by coincidence.
我给你打了好几次电话，但碰巧你都不在。
[知识拓展]
It is (not) a coincidence that... ……(不)是巧合
coincident adj. 巧合的，同时发生的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's not a coincidence that none of the directors are women.
②By a happy coincidence(碰到运气好)，we arrived at exactly the same time.
evaluation n．评估；评价
(教材原句P113) And the next three stages are incubation，evaluation and elaboration.
接下来的三个阶段是孵化、评估和精化。
[例] Evaluation is standard practice for all training arranged through the school.
对学校组织的所有培训进行评估是例行的做法。
[知识拓展]
(1)make an evaluation of 对……评估/评价
(2)evaluate vt. 评估；评价
evaluate sb. on... 根据……评价某人
[即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空
①Many companies make an annual evaluation of their employees(对他们的员工每年做出评价)．
②The performance can only be evaluated on the basis of results.
decline v．&n.衰退，下降，减少；谢绝，拒绝
(教材原句P59) Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
[例] I offered to give them a lift but they declined.
我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。
[知识拓展]
(1)fall into (a) decline 开始衰退
be in decline 处于下降、衰退中
on the decline 在下坡路上；在衰退(减少)
(2)decline by 下降了
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
(3)increase n．&v. (反)增加
on the increase 在增加
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His interest in computer games is now in decline.
②The number of tourists to the resort declined by 30% because of the terrorist attack last year.
③Their spokesman declined to comment(comment) on the allegations.
prevent...from...阻止……
(教材原句P59) He said it had not prevented him from having a family，and being successful in his work.
他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得成功。
[例] The club's constitution prevented women from becoming full members.
这个俱乐部的章程不允许女性成为正式会员。
[知识拓展]
prevent/stop...(from) doing sth.
阻止……做某事
keep...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Nothing could stop us from realising(realise) our dream.
②300 tons of Peruvian mangoes were kept from entering France.
Sentence Pattern
not only...but also...
(教材原句P58) Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology，but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control)．
霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉控制的疾病)的挑战而令人敬佩。
句式分析：本句中的not...but also...是not only...but also...结构，表示“不但……，而且……”，连接并列的原因状语。
[例1] She not only plays well，but also writes music.
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
[例2] We go there not only in winter，but also in summer.
我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。
[知识拓展]
(1)当not only...but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。
(2) 为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not only the students but also their teacher is(be) enjoying the film.
②Not only do they need clothing，but they are also short of water.
In the early stages of his career，his illness got worse，but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach，which was easier for him.
分析：本句是一个复合句，but连接并列句，表示转折；which引导定语从句，修饰前面这个句子。
译文：职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。
教材 高考
1.Although Hawking's physical abilities declined over decades，he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs.
2.Hawking was famous，not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology，but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects muscle control)． (2020·北京卷)...so I promised him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner，but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been turned in.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He declined to give(give) any information on the Presidential election.
2．They overcame(overcome) the natural disaster and even had a bumper harvest.
3．The first year provides students with a sound theoretical(theory) basis for later study.
4．After routine evaluation(evaluate) he was appointed as full professor.
5．We have found some drivers clueless(clue) as to the law.
6．The two girls suddenly emerged from among the trees.Both seemed to be calm and unhurt.
7．It is as well to bear in mind that laughter is a great releaser of tension.
8．Not only did he speak English well，but he spoke Japanese more easily.
9．By coincidence，an actress came late that fateful day.
10．It suddenly occured to him that he should study for the test.
Ⅱ.短语填空
come to one's mind；prevent...from；in spite of；all of a sudden；occur to；by coincidence
1．Lack of time prevented me from writing to my parents.
2．It occurs to me that this is a good list for home，too.
3．By coincidence，Bob Dole and Newt Gingrich were on the morning news programs.
4．He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines，but nothing came to his mind．
5．All of a sudden there was a terrific bang and a flash of smoke.
6．In spite of what happened，he never lost the will to live.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942.He went to the University of Oxford to study physics in 1959.1.At the age of 21，he 2.was diagnosed(diagnose) with ALS.In 1985，he had an 3.operation(operate) and he lost his speech.4.Worse(well) still，he lost the use of his hands.In 1988，A Brief History of Time：From the Big Bang to Black Holes was sold one copy for every 750 people on Earth.5.To make(make) people really understand what he had written，A Briefer History of Time was written.In The Grand Design，he argued we should look for a different way 6.to discover(discover) the universe and scientists should put together the ideas 7.what they already have.At the 8.opening(open) of Olympics，he made a speach to a TV audience of 900 million people.He owed his success 9.to the help he received from his family and a lot of people and 10.organisations(organise)．课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Since it introduced its current methodology in 2004，the U．S. score has declined by 6%.
2．The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation(evaluate) of the service.
3．And I was clueless(clue) as to my father's chosen profession.
4．What a coincidence(coincident)! I wasn't expecting to see you here.
5．The emergence(emerge) of Internet will absolutely lead to the appearance of net culture.
6．Not only I but also Tom and Mary are(be) fond of watching television.
7．Pictures of different pies，fruit and vegetables came into my mind.I couldn't wait!
8．It never occurred to me for a moment you meant that.
9．He was a talented man，but his dislike of hard work prevented him getting(get) anywhere in the business world.
10．There was undeniably a strong theoretical(theory) dimension to his thinking.
Ⅱ.完形填空
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say“sorry，wrong number！” and move on.But when Dennis Williams 1 a text clearly not intended for him，he did something 2 ．On March 19，Dennis got a group text 3 him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital，expecting the arrival of a baby.
“Congratulations！But I think someone was mistaken，”Dennis 4 ．The baby was born and update texts were 5 quickly from the overjoyed grandmother，Teresa.In her 6 ，she didn't seem to realize that she was sharing the baby's photos with a complete stranger.“Well，I don't 7 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，”replied Dennis before asking which room the new 8 were in.
Much to the family's surprise，Dennis stuck to his 9 ！He turned up at the hospital 10 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindsey's husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visitor.“I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 11 it and the gifts.”
Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 12 by the touching words：“What a 13 this young man was to our family! He was so 14 and kind to do this.”The post has since gained the 15 of social media users all over the world，receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61，500 likes in just three days.
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了Dennis Williams认真对待陌生人的信息，使陌生人倍受感动的故事。
1．A.polished B．translated
C．viewed D．received
D [根据“On March 19，Dennis got a group text him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital，expecting the arrival of a baby.”可知，Dennis Williams收到一条群发的短信。故选D。]
2．A.familiar B．practical
C．special D．urgent
C [根据“‘Well，I don't you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，’replied Dennis before asking which room the new were in.”可知，Dennis Williams收到信息时，做了点特别的事情。故选C。]
3．A.reminding B．informing
C．convincing D．impressing
B [根据短信的内容“that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital，expecting the arrival of a baby”可知，群发消息告知他，一对他并不认识的夫妇正在医院等待孩子的出生。故选B。]
4．A.predicted B．interrupted
C．responded D．repeated
C [根据“Congratulations！But I think someone was mistaken，”可知，Dennis给收到的信息回复。故选C。]
5．A.passing down B．setting out
C．coming in D．moving around
C [根据“The baby was born and update texts”可知，关于这个孩子的最新信息不断从他欣喜若狂的祖母那里传来。故选C。]
6．A.excitement B．anxiety
C．opinion D．effort
A [根据“The baby was born and update texts were quickly from the overjoyed grandmother，Teresa.”可知，祖母当时沉浸在激动之情当中，浑然不知自己倾诉错了对象。故选A。]
7．A.accept B．bother
C．believe D．know
D [根据“she didn't seem to realize that she was sharing the baby's photos with a complete stranger”可知，Dennis并不认识他们。故选D。]
8．A.patients B．doctors
C．parents D．visitors
C [根据“On March 19，Dennis got a group text him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital，expecting the arrival of a baby.”可知，Dennis回复短信然后问及那对新晋父母在哪间病房。故选C。]
9．A.dream B．principle
C．schedule D．promise
D [根据“but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，”可知，Dennis坚守他的承诺。故选D。]
10．A.opening B．collecting
C．bearing D．making
C [根据“I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we it and the gifts.”可知，他带礼物送给新妈妈 Lindsey和她的儿子。故答案为C。]
11．A.appreciate B．need
C．admit D．expect
A [根据“I don't think we would have randomly invited him over”他们对此很感激也很感谢Dennis的礼物。故选A。]
12．A.confirmed B．accompanied
C．clarified D．simplified
B [根据“by the touching words”可知，Teresa上传了这张意外碰面的照片到社交网站上，还配了一句感人的话。故选B。]
13．A.coincidence B．problem
C．relief D．blessing
D [根据“He was so and kind to do this.”可知，Dennis对这家人来说是很大的恩赐。故选D。]
14．A.sweet B．calm
C．smart D．fair
A [根据“and kind to do this”可知，与kind并列，Dennis做这些事是多么温馨和善良啊。故选A。]
15．A.sympathy B．trust
C．control D．attention
D [根据“receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61，500 likes in just three days”可知，这张照片得到了来自世界各地的社交媒体用户的关注。故选D。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
In 1969，there were only 100 South American fur seals and sea lions making their homes along the coastline of the capital of Lima，Peru.They 1.________(hunt) almost to extinction here，not only because of the values of their skin，but also because of the threat they posed 2.________fishermen as fish hunters.
Today，around the Palomino Islands，there are over 8，000 of these marine animals 3.________(make) their homes.Much of the success of restoring the fur seal and sea lion populations came from local fishermen in the coastal areas of Peru.They stepped up to support these 4.________(danger) species after the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCU) sounded their alarm bell.
Recently，the IUCU detailed how local fisheries have become efficient managers.“The Fishermen's Union defines the area 5.________ each local fishing collective is 6.________(economic) dependent and assigns responsibility for these marine resources，explained the IUCU.”In this manner，the fishermen 7.________(they) have slowed economic migration from the Peruvian Highlands to 8.________(profit) but illegal marine activities，thus ensuring that the protected area develops well.
Much of their 9.________(motivate) for marine protection has come from 10.________(see) their livelihood through new eyes—that is，they've recognized the rise of traditional fisheries and tourism.And their practice is one of the best practices for area based conservation.
【语篇解读】 文章主要说明了秘鲁首都利马的渔民自发保护当地濒危物种，使得海豹和海狮数量得以很大恢复。
1．were hunted [考查动词时态和语态。句意：它们在这里被猎杀到几乎灭绝，不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因为它们对捕鱼者构成威胁。描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为they，谓语动词用复数。故填were hunted。]
2．to [考查介词。句意：它们在这里被猎杀到几乎灭绝，不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因为它们对捕鱼者构成威胁。结合句意表示“对……构成威胁”可知短语为pose the threat to。故填to。]
3．making [考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，在帕洛米诺群岛周围，有超过八千的海洋动物在这里安家。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语“over 8，000 of these marine animals”构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填making。]
4．endangered [考查形容词。句意：在国际自然对话联盟敲响警钟后，他们开始支持保护这些濒危物种。修饰后文名词species应用形容词作定语，endangered“濒临灭绝的”，符合语境。故填endangered。]
5．where [考查定语从句。句意：IUCU解释说，渔民联盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的区域，并分配了对这些海洋资源的责任。此处为定语从句修饰先行词area，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导。故填where。]
6．economically [考查副词。句意：IUCU解释说，渔民联盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的区域，并分配了对这些海洋资源的责任。修饰后文形容词dependent应用副词economically，作状语。故填economically。]
7．themselves [考查代词。句意：通过这种方式，渔民们自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非法的海洋活动的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区的良好发展。此处指渔民们自己，应用反身代词themselves作同位语。故填themselves。]
8．profitable [考查形容词。句意：通过这种方式，渔民们自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非法的海洋活动的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区的良好发展。根据后文“but illegal”可知应填形容词profitable，作定语修饰名词短语marine activities。故填profitable。]
9．motivation [考查名词。句意：他们保护海洋的动机很大程度上来自用新的眼光看待他们的生计——也就是说，他们认识到了传统渔业和旅游业的兴起。空处作宾语，表示“动机”应用名词motivation，表抽象概念，不可数。故填motivation。]
10．seeing [考查非谓语动词。句意：他们保护海洋的动机很大程度上来自用新的眼光看待他们的生计——也就是说，他们认识到了传统渔业和旅游业的兴起。see作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填seeing。]
6/6Section Ⅲ Reading & Writing
阅读“Reading Club 2”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．According to the passage，which one is NOT true
A．The clock made in old Egypt was designed to measure time in seconds.
B．The invention of refrigerator changed the way we eat.
C．The first accurate mechanical clock was made in the 16th and 17th centuries.
D．It would be difficult for us if there were not a clock.
2．Who invented the first electric powered elevator
A．Elisha Otis. B．Werner von Siemens.
C．Oliver Evans. D．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—2 AB
Words and Phrases
reflect vt.映射；反射；思考vi.思考
(教材原句P62) He reflected further on the process，estimating how much more power could be created by a larger amount of water.
他进一步反思了这一过程，估计大量的水可以创造出多少更多的能量。
[例] Before I decide，I need time to reflect.
在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑考虑。
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect sb./sth.in sth.
(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像
reflect sth.from sth. 从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事
(2)reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She could see her face reflected in the car's winds shield.
②Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
explode vi.&vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长；(感情)迸发
(教材原句P65) Early Chinese scientists discovered how they could make something explode.
早期的中国科学家发现了他们是如何使物体爆炸的。
[例] At last his anger exploded，but he calmed down after a while.
他终于大发雷霆，但是过了一会就镇静下来了。
[知识拓展]
(1)explode with anger 勃然大怒
explode into laughter 突然大笑
(2)explosion n. 爆裂(声)；爆炸(声)；迸发
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Charles exploded with anger when hearing the news.
②On seeing his funny expression，we all exploded into laughter.
③The explosion(explode) could be heard a mile away.
preserve vt.保存；保护；维持n.保护区
(教材原句P66) Therefore，preserving food has always been an important consideration for people.
因此，保存食物一直是人们的重要考虑。
[例] The government preserves the rights of the individual person.
政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。
[知识拓展]
(1)preserve sb./sth.(from sth.) 保护……免遭伤害
preserve sth. for 为……而保存/保留某物
be well preserved 保存得很好
(2)keep sth. in preserve＝put sth. on preserve
保存/保留某物
(3)preservationist n. 文物保护者；环境保护者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Pantanal is one of the world's greatest wildlife preserves(preserve)．
②People should preserve/protect children from being hurt(hurt)．
同义转换题
同义转换类题目是高考阅读理解经常考查的题目。属于推理判断题的范畴。
[例文]In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plastic like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 方法技巧：此类题目要求准确把握原文的信息，同时理解选项表达的意义，因此一些词汇和短语的理解尤为重要。根据文中的“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。原文中的make it to相当于答案中的reach，属于同义词替换，故选B。
What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A．It'll be environment friendly.
B．It'll reach consumers soon.
C．It'll be made of plastics.
D．It'll help speed up typing.
[答案] B
[即学即练]
请快速阅读下列短文，把握同义转换技巧
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls，roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素)．
What made Wang's architectural design a success
A．The mixture of different shapes.
B．The balance of East and West.
C．The use of popular techniques.
D．The harmony of old and new.
[答案] D
介绍一位发明家
本单元写作项目是写一篇介绍发明家的短文，属于人物描写类写作范畴。
[基本框架]
开头(the beginning)——引出人物
主体(the body)——详细介绍
结尾(the ending)——简要总结
[常用词块]
1．do sth. with great determination下定决心做某事
2．have a preference for偏爱……
3．have a good knowledge (command) of精通……
4．be strict with sb. in our study在学习上严格要求某人
5．overcome many difficulties克服很多困难
6．be qualified for the job胜任这项工作
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．I am Li Hua，a girl of 23/aged 23，who graduated from Guangdong University.
2．I am Li Hua，Chairman of the Student Union of Yucai Middle School，which is close to your school.
★正文佳句
1．He attaches great importance to subjects such as physics，computer science，English and so on.
2．I show a high sense of team spirit，which I think is of great importance for the job.
★余味结尾
1．He was also so diligent that he worked day and night.
2．Although I can't be Edison，I can learn more from him.
请根据以下要点，写一篇80词左右的短文介绍伟大的发明家爱迪生：
1．爱提问，上小学经常问一些奇怪的与学习无关的问题；
2．母亲只好把他领回家，并亲自教他；
3．他对科学很感兴趣，做很多零活，如卖报挣钱，建了一个小实验室；
4．一生中有许多发明。
[学生习作]
Thomas Edison is a great inventor.When he was a child，he always asked his teacher many strange questions which is not connected with his lessons.His teacher felt angry.His mother had to take him home and taught him by herself.Edison was very interested in science，and he did lots of simple jobs，such as selling newspapers to earn money to build a small lab for himself.In his life，there were many inventions.The inventions have been making our life more convenient. 名师点评：1．该篇习作涵盖了全部要点。2．虽然文章能够使用定语从句，但主谓并不一致。3．个别句子表达不准确：如第二段第一句。
[升格作文]
Thomas Edison is a great inventor.
When he was a child，he always asked his teacher many strange questions which had nothing to do with his lessons.His teacher felt angry，so his mother had to take him home and taught him by herself.Edison was very interested in science，and he did lots of simple jobs，such as selling newspapers to earn money to build a small lab for himself.
In his life，he made many inventions which have been making our life more convenient.
你校正在举行英语作文比赛，请以“我心中的英雄——雷锋”为题目写一篇短文参赛。
注意：词数80左右。
The Hero in My Heart—Lei Feng
【参考范文】
The Hero in My Heart—Lei Feng
On December 18，1940，Lei Feng was born in a poor peasant family in a little mountain village of Hunan Province.
At the age of 18 Lei Feng worked as a steel worker.He was often praised for his good job.On January 8，1960，he joined the army.All his life，he was selfless and kind to others.He constantly did good deeds for others.As a result，he became a model soldier.
The whole nation was moved by Lei Feng's deeds.After his death，Chairman Mao called on the people to “Learn from Comrade Lei Feng”．Lei Feng has been the hero in my heart and he will always live in the hearts of people.
1/7课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing.Their designers say with these robots，rescuers will be able to save lives during an earthquake.
This robot looking like a helicopter，is called the detector bot.It's about 4 meters long，and it took about 4 years to develop the model.Its main functions (作用) are to collect information from the air，and send goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.
This robot has a high definition 360 degree panoramic (全景的) camera.It can work day and night and will also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.
Dr.Qi Juntong，Chinese Academy of Science，said，“The most important feature of this robot is that it doesn't need a distant control.We just set the destination (目的地) information on it，and then it takes off，and lands by itself.It flies as high as 3，000 meters，and as fast as 100 kilometers per hour.”
This robot has a different function — it can change as the environment changes.Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers are unable to go.
As well as a detector (探测器) that finds victims and detects poisonous gas，a camera is placed in the 40 centimeter long robot，which can work in the dark.
Another use for the rescuers is the supply part，with its 10 meter long pipe.People who are trapped in the ruins，will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.
Experts have said that the robots will enter production，and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了一种新型的机器人，这种机器人可以参与地震救援，可以日夜工作，不需要远程控制。
1．According to the passage，this robot ．
A．is carried by the helicopter
B．weighs about 30 kilos
C．is a machine with a length of 10 meters
D．hasn't been put into production so far
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Experts have said that the robots will enter production，and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.”可知，这些机器人迄今为止没有投入生产。故选D。]
2．The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 6 refers to ．
A．a camera B．a robot
C．a rescuer D．a detector
A [词义猜测题。根据第六段“As well as a detector that finds victims and detects poisonous gas，a camera is placed in the 40 centimeter long robot，which can work in the dark.”可知，which引导定语从句，修饰camera。故选A。]
3．Which of the following is TRUE of the robot
A．It is designed to prevent the earthquake.
B．It is unable to send goods.
C．It can take and send pictures even in the dark.
D．It can be used to take in poisonous gas.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段的“This robot has a high definition 360 degree panoramic camera.It can work day and night and will also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.”可知，这个机器人可以日夜工作，发送照片，因此即使在黑暗中也可以拍摄和发送照片。故选C。]
4．The text is mainly about ．
A．what the robot looks like
B．an introduction to the robot
C．how the robot is made
D．information about earthquakes
B [主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Earthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing.”；第三段的“This robot has a high definition 360 degree panoramic camera.”，第五段的“This robot has a different function — it can change as the environment changes.”等可知，文章主要介绍了一种机器人。故选B。]
B
An Atlanta mother is making her kids work hard for their money.Instead of giving them an allowance，Shaketha Marion McGregor is giving them actual job titles and duties.Her innovative idea that she posted on Facebook has been shared over 114，000 times.
In a selfie，the mother of three showed that she was now “hiring” for three positions：laundry supervisor，lead housekeeper and kitchen manager for her company called “This Mom Means Business”．The photo also showed that she would be holding interviews for these jobs.The applicants？Her three kids Jahkeem，13，Takeia，10，and Serinity，6.
McGregor said the interviews went smoothly.To her surprise，the youngest was the most professional.“Jahkeem almost laughed the entire time，which caused me to laugh a lot，too.It was tons of fun.His only questions were，‘How much do I get paid？How often do I get paid？And do I have to pay tax？’”
The kids are handling the responsibilities of their new job duties pretty well so far，though it has only been about a week.McGregor says they're anxiously awaiting their first paycheck.The mother said she came up with the idea after she had to replace a lot of items she lost during a tragedy.“We lost a lot of things last year in a house fire and I've been really working hard to recover the things that we need，” McGregor said.“And my kids continued to ask for things that they want so I figured it would be best to have them earn it.”
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了一位母亲使用了独特的方法来培养孩子的理财观，让他们通过付出劳动来赚取所需之物。
5．Why does the Atlanta mother conduct interviews
A．To hire some people for her company.
B．To reduce her own pressure from work.
C．To let her kids earn money through labor.
D．To help her kids know how to save money.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“An Atlanta mother is making her kids work hard for their money.”可知，这位母亲举行面试是为了让她的孩子通过劳动赚钱。故选C。]
6．What do we know from the photo mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．The positions that may be applied for.
B．The way the kids do their duties.
C．How the kids get along with each other.
D．How the kids compete for the jobs.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a selfie，the mother of three showed that she was now ‘hiring’ for three positions：laundry supervisor，lead housekeeper and kitchen manager for her company called ‘This Mom Means Business’．”可知，照片展示了孩子们要应聘的三个职位。故选A。]
7．Who performed best in the interview according to the passage
A．Takeia. B．Jahkeem.
C．Serinity. D．Shaketha.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Her three kids Jahkeem，13，Takeia，10，and Serinity，6.”以及第三段中“To her surprise，the youngest was the most professional.”可知，在面试过程中，最小的孩子是最专业的，即Serinity表现最佳。故选C。]
8．What happened to the family
A．The father died in a tragedy.
B．They suffered a fire.
C．They have moved to a new city.
D．The family is very poor.
B [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We lost a lot of things last year in a house fire”可知，这家人遭受了火灾。故选B。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语进行续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mike was an 11 year old boy.He was the only son to his parents.His father was a carpenter and his mother was a housewife.Although they weren't rich，they led a happy life.
Mike's school was located a mile away from his home.Mike's birthday was coming in a week.He requested his father to buy him a bicycle so that he could go to school by bicycle.His father also promised to buy him a bicycle so that he needn't walk to school anymore.Mike felt so happy.
The birthday boy woke up happily with his parents wishing him with all smiles.He was glad and expected that his father would gift him a bicycle.His father gave him a nicely wrapped gift.Mike opened it and saw a set of books.Although he was a little unhappy as he did not receive a bicycle，he thanked his father.Mike's father was depressed as he did not have enough money to buy Mike a bicycle.He promised to his son that he would buy him a bicycle soon.
After a week，when Mike was walking on his way to his home back from school，he saw a boy riding a bicycle.Mike felt that the bicycle was too small for the big boy.Suddenly，the boy crashed into a post around the corner and skidded (滑行) in the street.Mike rushed to him and recognized that the boy was his schoolmate，Sam.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Sam was injured badly and there was no one nearby to help him except Mike.
Sam and his parents thanked Mike for the timely help.
【参考范文】
Sam was injured badly and there was no one nearby to help him except Mike.Mike helped him stand up，examined his body and picked up his bicycle.Sam's left leg and hands were severely injured.Mike asked Sam to sit in a corner and then he took the bicycle to get help.Ten minutes later，an ambulance came and took Sam to hospital.Mike rushed to Sam's home and told his parents about the accident.
Sam and his parents thanked Mike for the timely help.Mike told Sam's parents that the bicycle was too small for Sam to ride and that was why he was injured.Sam and Mike became close friends soon.Mike visited Sam every day in hospital until he left hospital.Sam got a new bicycle and he came to know that Mike didn't have his own bicycle.He gave his old bicycle to Mike and with Mike's parents' permission，Mike accepted the gift from Sam.
【导读】 《织工马南》主要描述了一个名叫塞拉斯·马南的纺织工一生的坎坷经历的故事。阅读下面有关新年舞会的节选，对比中外文化中庆祝新年方式的异同。
Silas Marner (excerpt)
The New Year's Eve Dance
On December 31st it was snowing and very cold.All day there were ladies and gentlemen arriving at the Red House.
Godfrey Cass was waiting at the door for the only guest he cared about，Nancy Lammeter.Finally she arrived，sitting behind her father on his horse，looking more beautiful than ever.Her lovely face blushed as she saw Godfrey come forward to lift her down from the horse.“Why is he waiting for me？” she thought.“I thought I made it clear to him that I'll never marry him.People say he leads a bad life，and I can't marry a man like that.”
But the Squire appeared just then，to welcome his guests，and in the excitement nobody noticed Nancy's pink face as Godfrey's strong arms lifted her down.She hurried into the house with the other ladies to change her clothes.
The house was full of servants running here and there.Mrs.Kimble，who always helped the Squire arrange these parties，was giving orders in a loud voice.Cooks were preparing food in the kitchens，and there was already a wonderful smell of baking in the air.
Upstairs，the ladies were excitedly putting on their best dresses，while talking to each other all the time.Nancy met her aunt，Mrs.Osgood，who introduced her to some visitors of hers.The Misses Gunn were two young ladies who were not beautiful，but dressed very fashionably.
Just then Nancy's older sister Priscilla arrived.She was a large，cheerful girl，with a round face and a nose pink with cold.As they were changing their clothes，Priscilla said to Mrs.Osgood，“Look at our dresses，aunt! Of course Nancy looks beautiful in hers，but this colour makes me look yellow! Nancy says we must wear the same dresses，because we're sisters，although I'm five years older! I'm ugly，I know I am.But I don't mind！” she turned to Mrs.Osgood's two visitors.“In my opinion the pretty girls are useful—I'm sure you agree—to catch the men.I don't think men are worth worrying about.Any woman with a good father and a good home had better stay single.That's what I'm going to do，anyway.We ugly girls don't need husbands！”
Mrs.Osgood stood up and said quickly，“My visitors and I should go downstairs now.Priscilla and Nancy，we'll see you later.” And the three ladies hurried out.
“Oh really，Priscilla！” cried Nancy，when they were alone.“You never think before you speak! I'm sure the Misses Gunn thought you were very impolite! You almost told them they were ugly！”
“Did I？” asked Priscilla in surprise.“Well，that's the way I am.I always tell the truth.But I'm the ugly one—just look at me！”
“Priscilla，you know I asked you to choose the dresses，” replied Nancy worriedly.“I don't mind what colour I wear.”
“You look lovely in this colour，dear child! You know you always have whatever you want in the end，although you never give orders or shout about it.I'm looking forward to seeing you married.It'll be fun watching you make your husband do exactly what you want.”
“Don't say that，” answered Nancy，blushing.“You know I'm never going to get married.”
Priscilla laughed.“I'm the one who'll stay single.And if you don't like Godfrey Cass，well，there are plenty of other young men.Come，let's go downstairs now.”
Although Priscilla was right in saying she was not good looking，she was very popular among her neighbours because she was so cheerful and sensible.And Nancy was not only considered to be the most beautiful girl in and around Raveloe，but also one of the most intelligent.
Seats at the dining table had been kept for the Lammeter sisters.Priscilla was taken to sit between her father and the Squire.Nancy felt herself blushing again as Godfrey Cass came to lead her to a seat between himself and the vicar，Mr.Crack.She knew that if she married Godfrey，she would one day be the most important woman in Raveloe，the Squire's wife.But she repeated firmly to herself that she could not marry a man of bad character.
As she sat down，the vicar，who was always polite to ladies，said with a smile，“Ah，Miss Nancy，you're looking lovely this evening.Isn't she，Godfrey？”
Godfrey made no reply，and avoided looking at Nancy.There was too much he wanted to say to her.But the Squire，who always enjoyed his parties and was feeling extremely cheerful，was rather impatient with his son.He thought he had better speak，if Godfrey was too shy to do it himself.
“That's right，” the Squire said loudly.“When I look at Miss Nancy here，I think she's more beautiful than any girl I've ever seen.”
While they were eating and drinking，people around the table were listening with interest to the Squire's words.“Perhaps Godfrey will marry Nancy after all！” the vicar's wife whispered to Mrs.Osgood.Mr.Lammeter's back was very straight as he looked across the table at his daughter.He was a serious，careful gentleman，who considered the Lammeters a better family than the Casses.He had already decided that Godfrey must change his way of life before Nancy could possibly marry him.
Just then Dr.Kimble called across the table，“Miss Nancy，will you save a dance for me？”
“Come，come，Kimble，” said the Squire，“let the young ones enjoy themselves.My son Godfrey will be angry if you take Miss Nancy away.I expect he's asked her for the first dance already.Haven't you，Godfrey？”
Godfrey was feeling very uncomfortable by now.Turning to Nancy，he said as lightly as possible，“I haven't asked her yet，but I hope she'll agree，if nobody's asked her...”
“No，I haven't accepted anyone else，” replied Nancy quietly with a blush.
“So will you please have the first dance with me？” asked Godfrey，beginning to feel better.She had not refused him!
“I will，” answered Nancy coldly.She was still sure she would not marry him，but she wanted to remain polite.
“Ah well，you're a lucky man，Godfrey，” said Dr.Kimble with a laugh.“I think I can hear the music starting now！”
The guests got up from the table in pairs and small groups，to move into the large hall，where the dancing was about to start.The small village band was already playing，as the Squire led the vicar's wife to the end of the hall to start the dance.They were followed by Godfrey and Nancy，and the other ladies and gentlemen.
As the dance went on，Godfrey felt happier and happier.Holding Nancy in his arms，he forgot all his problems.Suddenly the Squire's heavy foot stood on part of Nancy's dress，and some of the material was pulled away at the waist.Nancy asked Godfrey to take her to a quieter place，where she could repair the damage.He took her to a small room near the hall，hoping they would have a few private moments together.But Nancy sat down on the chair furthest away from him，and said coldly，“Thank you，sir.You needn't stay.I'm very sorry about taking you away from the dance.”
“It's not very kind of you，” said Godfrey，moving close to her，“to be sorry you've danced with me.”
“I didn't mean that.” replied Nancy，blushing prettily.“Gentlemen have so many things to enjoy.I'm sure one dance can't matter very much.”
《织工马南》(节选)
新年舞会
虽然12月31日的天气很冷，而且下着雪，可一整天都有人从四面八方到红屋来。
戈弗雷·凯斯在门口等待着他唯一关心的客人——南茜·拉默特。终于她来了，坐在马背上，在她爸爸背后，比平时更美丽动人。当戈弗雷过来扶她下马的时候，南茜漂亮的脸一下子红了。“他等我干什么？”她想，“我想我已经清楚地告诉过他我不会嫁给他。人们说他生活糜烂，我可不会嫁给这样的人。”
这时乡绅出来迎接他的客人，人们都很高兴，也就没人注意到戈弗雷用强壮的手臂扶她下来时她的红脸。南茜和其他女子一块儿跑进屋里去换衣服。
屋里佣人们在跑这儿跑那儿地服务，金布尔太太在大声下达着命令，她经常帮乡绅安排这些聚会。厨子们在厨房忙着准备饭菜，空气里飘着烤面包的香味。
楼上，女士们一边不停地聊天一边换上最漂亮的衣服。南茜遇到了姨妈奥斯古德太太，姨妈把自己的客人介绍给她，其中有两位年轻女士，甘氏姐妹，她们不太漂亮但穿得很时髦。
这时南茜的姐姐普丽西拉来了，她是个快活的圆脸大个子女孩，鼻子冻得红红的。换衣服时，普丽西拉对奥斯古德太太说：“看我们的衣服，姨妈，南茜穿起来当然漂亮，可我穿起来太老了！南茜说我们是姐妹，要穿一样的衣服，尽管我比她大5岁！我知道我丑，可是我不在乎。”她又转向姨妈的两个朋友，“我想你们也同意女孩子漂亮就容易抓住男人的心，我可不在乎男人。有个好爸爸、好家庭的女人最好单身。我就打算这样。我们丑姑娘不需要丈夫。”
奥斯古德太太赶紧站起来说：“我们要下楼了。普丽西拉，南茜，过会儿见。”三个女人急匆匆出去了。
“真是的，普丽西拉！”只剩她们姐妹俩时南茜生气地说，“你从来不在讲话前先想想！我敢肯定甘氏姐妹认为你很无礼！你差不多是在告诉她们是丑姑娘！”
“是吗？”普丽西拉很惊讶，“嗨，我这人就这样，我总是讲实话。可是看看我，我也丑呀！”
“普丽西拉，你知道我是让你来挑的衣服，”南茜为难地说，“我不在乎穿什么颜色。”
“傻孩子，你穿这种颜色好看！虽然你从不会大嚷大叫或者发号施令，可你最后总能得到你想要的。我盼着看到你结婚，看着你让你的丈夫按你的意思去做，多有趣呀！”
“别说这些，”南茜的脸红了，“你知道我永远不会结婚。”
普丽西拉笑了，“我才是那个要单身的女人，如果你不喜欢戈弗雷·凯斯，还有很多别的小伙子。走吧，咱们下楼去！”
虽然普丽西拉确实像她说的那样，不太好看，可她在邻居中人缘很好，因为她开朗而且懂事。而南茜不仅是瑞福洛一带最漂亮的女孩，而且也是最聪明的女孩。
餐桌边拉默特姐妹的座位已经留好了，普丽西拉的座位在爸爸和乡绅之间。南茜觉得自己又脸红了，她被戈弗雷领到了他自己与教区牧师克拉肯先生之间的座位上。她知道如果嫁给戈弗雷，自己将来就会成为瑞福洛最显贵的女人，乡绅的妻子。可她反复对自己强调不能嫁给一个品行不端的人。
她坐下时，一贯对女士彬彬有礼的牧师微笑着说：“啊，南茜小姐，您今晚真漂亮，是不是，戈弗雷？”
戈弗雷没有回答，也尽量不去看南茜。他有太多的话想对她说。可这时对晚会心满意足的乡绅对自己的儿子有些不耐烦了。他认为既然儿子太害羞张不开嘴，那么自己最好亲自说了。
“是的，”乡绅大声说，“我觉得南茜比我见过的任何姑娘都要漂亮。”
桌上所有的人都在一边用餐一边饶有兴趣地听着乡绅的话。“大概戈弗雷还是会娶南茜！”牧师的太太小声对奥斯古德太太说。拉默特先生在桌子对面笔直地坐着，看着女儿。这是一位严肃谨慎的绅士，他认为拉默特家比凯斯家还要好。他早就决定在戈弗雷痛改前非之前不会把南茜嫁给戈弗雷。
这时金布尔先生隔着桌子对南茜发出了邀请：“南茜小姐，可不可以和我跳支舞？”
“行了，金布尔，”乡绅插了进来，“让年轻人玩他们的吧！你把南茜小姐带走，我儿子戈弗雷会生气的。我想他已经邀请南茜小姐和他跳第一支舞了，是不是戈弗雷？”
戈弗雷感到很不自在，他转向南茜，尽量小声地说：“我还没有问她，可我希望她同意，如果还没人请她的话……”
“不，我还没接受任何人的邀请。”南茜轻声回答，脸又一红。
“那你能否和我跳第一支舞？”戈弗雷的感觉好了一点儿。她没有拒绝自己！
“可以。”南茜冷淡地回答。虽然仍然肯定自己不会嫁给他，可南茜想尽量保持礼貌。
“好呀，你是个幸运的小伙子，戈弗雷。”金布尔先生笑着说，“我想已经开始奏乐了！”
客人们一对对或三五成群地起身走到大厅里，舞会要开始了。在乡村小乐队的伴奏下，乡绅把牧师的太太领到大厅的尽头带头跳起来，接下来是戈弗雷和南茜，然后是其他客人们。
跳着舞，戈弗雷感到越来越幸福。搂着南茜，他忘掉了一切烦恼。忽然乡绅的脚重重地踩住了南茜的长裙，把衣服腰间的部分扯坏了。南茜让戈弗雷带她到一个清静的地方去整理衣服。戈弗雷把她带进了大厅旁边的一间小屋，希望他们能够有一段单独相处的时间。可南茜坐在了离他最远的椅子上，冷冷地说：“谢谢您，先生，您不必待在这儿，很抱歉让您从舞会上出来。”
“你说很抱歉和我跳舞”，戈弗雷走近她一点儿，说，“这样可不太好”。
“我不是这个意思！”南茜的脸红得很可爱，“绅士们有那么多事可做，我肯定跳支舞没什么重要。”
[知识积累]
1．blush v． 脸红
2．come forward 走上前来
3．fashionably adv. 时髦地
4．sensible adj. 明智的
5．pull away 扯掉
[文化链接]
《织工马南》之作品解读
《织工马南》中充满了交织融合的人类情感，强调了生命中爱的重要性，同时揭露了为拜金主义和功利主义所倾倒的腐化、堕落的上层社会。正是生命中的爱而不是金钱才给予人们足够的勇气和能力去面对过去，展望未来。
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