【北师大版初中生物七年级下册】11.1人体产生的代谢废物 同步课时练(含解析)

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名称 【北师大版初中生物七年级下册】11.1人体产生的代谢废物 同步课时练(含解析)
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更新时间 2021-11-13 15:32:34

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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11.1人体产生的代谢废物同步练习
北师大版初中生物七年级下册
注意:本试卷包含Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷。第Ⅰ卷为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )选择题,所有答案必须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡中相应的位置。第Ⅱ卷为非选择题,所有答案必须填在答题卷的相应位置。答案写在试卷上均无效,不予记分。21·cn·jy·com
一、选择题(本大题共9小题,共18.0分)
1. 人可通过哪些方式排出体内的废物( )
排尿 出汗 呼出气体
A. B. C. D.
2. 如图是某健康人汗液和尿液分泌量随外界温度变化的曲线图。有关分析错误的是(  )
A. 外界温度低于24℃时,人体 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )尿液分泌量大于汗液分泌量
B. 随着温度升高汗液分泌量增多,汗液蒸发时带走身体一部分热量,调节体温
C. 随着温度升高尿液分泌量减少,会导致体内尿素等废物积累过多,破坏水和无机盐的平衡
D. 人体通过排尿和排汗将尿素、多余的水和无机盐等排出体外
3. 下列不属于人体排泄途径的是( )
A. 二氧化碳和水通过呼吸系统排出 B. 尿液通过泌尿系统排出
C. 汗液通过皮肤排出 D. 食物残渣通过消化系统排出
4. 下列关于排尿意义的说法中不正确的是(  )
A. 排出体内的废物 B. 排出体内的食物残渣
C. 调节体内水分和无机盐的平衡 D. 维持组织细胞的正常生理功能
5. 关于排泄,下列说法不正确的是( )
A. 排泄是排出体内的食 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物残渣
B. 排泄主要是通过泌尿系统来完成的
C. 排泄是排出体内多余的水分和无机盐等代谢终产物
D. 排泄是通过肾、皮肤、肺等将代谢终产物排出体外的2-1-c-n-j-y
6. 不属于排泄的是(  )
A. 二氧化碳 B. 水 C. 粪便 D. 尿素
7. 汗液、尿液和呼出气体中都含有的成分是( )
A. 水 B. 无机盐 C. 尿素 D. 二氧化碳
8. 下列不属于排泄途径的是( )
A. 呼吸系统呼出气体 B. 泌尿系统排出尿液
C. 皮肤排出汗液 D. 消化系统排出食物残渣
9. 下列不属于代谢废物的是( )
A. 食物残渣 B. 尿素 C. 二氧化碳 D. 水和无机盐
二、连线题(本大题共2小题,共2.0分)
10. 请将下列左侧各项与右侧对应项连线。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(1)排出尿液 A. 排遗
(2)肋间肌舒张 B. 条件反射
(3)排出粪便 C. 排泄
(4)膝跳反射 D. 呼气过程
(5)膈肌收缩 E. 非条件反射
(6)阅读报纸 F. 吸气过程【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
11. 请将下列左侧各项与右侧对应项连线的字母填写在答题卡相应位置上。
(1)人工呼吸的原理 A. 排泄
(2)大肠 B. 呼吸运动
(3)白质 C. 神经纤维
(4)皮肤 D. 神经元细胞体
(5)灰质 E. 排遗
三、填空题(本大题共3小题,共6.0分)
12. 人体的排泄主要有以下三种途径,请回答下列问题:
(1)通过皮肤中的 ,以汗液的形式排出部分水、少量无机盐和尿素。
(2)通过 系统,以气体的形式排出二氧化碳和少量水。
(3)通过 系统,以尿液的形式排出绝大部分的水、无机盐和尿素等废物。
(4)排泄不仅可以将代谢废物排出体外,而且 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可以调节体内 (填“水”或“无机盐”或“水与无机盐”)的含量平衡,从而保证体内细胞正常的生命活动。
13. 人体内的废物除了二氧化碳和少量 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的水是以气体形式通过 排出的,绝大部分水、尿素和无机盐是以尿液的形式通过 排出体外的。还有少部分水和少量的无机盐、尿素以 的形式通过皮肤排出体外。【版权所有:21教育】
14. 人体将体内的 、 和 等物质排出体外的过程叫作排泄。
四、识图作答题(本大题共2小题,共20.0分)
15. 如图为人体新陈代谢示意图,其中A、B、C、D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、E、F表示相关的细胞、器官或系统,a、b、c、d、e表示相关物质,表示生理过程。请分析并回答问题:
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(1)过程义是实现了物质 (用图中的字母表示)的交换,其交换场所是 ,该过程排出的废物是 。21教育名师原创作品
(2)若E为泌尿系统,则d表示的物质成分是 。
(3)若D表示皮肤,则过程表示皮肤正在分泌 。
(4)人体代谢废物产生的部位是 (填字母),运输废物的结构是 (填字母)。
(5)图中 (填字母)系统产生的废物没有经过B直接排出了体外。
16. 人要从生物圈中摄取各种各 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )样的营养物质,以满足自身对物质和能量的需求,同时也要把人体代谢产生的废物排出体外,这就需要人体的协调活动。如图是人体部分系统的关系图,请据图回答问题。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
(1)图中A表示 系统。
(2)a进入组织细胞后,在b的参与下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )被分解成二氧化碳和水并释放 。b是 ,c是 ,c可通过 系统排出。
(3)A系统将尿素和过剩物质d以尿液形式通过B 系统排出体外。
五、资料分析题(本大题共2小题,共20.0分)
17. 我国民间艺术百花园中的奇葩— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—广饶陈官短穗花鼓,入选为国家第二批非物质文化遗产。它的特别之处在于用于打鼓的不是鼓槌,而是系在鼓槌一端的鼓穗。看,精彩的表演正在进行。骤雨一样,是急促的鼓点;旋风一样,是飞扬的手臂;乱蛙一样,是跳动的脚步多么奔放、舒展的舞蹈。
请分析回答下列问题。
(1)鼓点声刺激表演者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 内的听觉感受器,产生神经冲动, 通过与听觉有关的神经传递到大脑皮层的听觉中枢,形成了听觉。
(2)表演者的眼睛看到翻飞的鼓穗,是因为眼球内的 能够调节晶状体的凸度,使外界物体形成的物像始终落在视网膜上。
(3)演出时表演者大汗淋漓,以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )汗液形式排出体内的一些代谢废物。除此之外,人体还具有 和 两条排泄途径。
(4)剧烈的运动需要大量的氧气,外界氧气进入 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表演者组织细胞经过的过程是肺泡与外界的气体交换、 、氧气在血液中的运输、 。
(5)表演者手臂上下飞扬, 在此过程中手臂细 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )胞会产生大量二氧化碳,二氧化碳通过血液循环运送到肺部排出体外的过程中,经过下列结构的顺序是 (填写序号) 。
上腔静脉 右心室 右心房 肺动脉
(6)表演者在跳舞过程中需要消耗大量能量, 能量主要是在组织细胞的 中分解有机物产生的。
18. 阅读材料,分析并回答问题:
肾是人体非常重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要的器官,当肾衰竭而无法正常工作时,体内的废物就不能排出,人就会因为中毒而死亡。肾衰竭患者可使用人工肾脏,通常每周进行2-3次血液透析,以便及时排出体内的废物。
(1)资料说明肾是人体非常重要的器官,它以形成尿液的方式排出体内废物。除排尿之外,人体排出废物的途径还有______、______。
(2)人体排尿,不仅起到排出体内废物的作用,而且对______有重要作用。(答出一条即可)
(3)血液透析是为肾衰竭的人进行排泄活动的一种治疗方式,透析相当于人体生理活动中______。
A.肾单位形成尿液 B.肾小管的重吸收作用 C.肾小球的过滤作用
(4)如果一个人的尿液含有蛋白质,推测此人可能______出现病变。
19.
答案和解析
1.【答案】D
【解析】人体可以通过多种方式排出体内废物。例如,人可以通过排尿、出汗和呼出气体将废物排出体外。
2.【答案】C
【解析】解:A、由图可知,外界温度低于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )24℃时,人体尿液分泌量大于汗液分泌量,A正确;
B、随着温度升高汗液分泌量增多,汗液蒸发时带走身体一部分热量,调节体温,B正确;
C、人体排出尿,不仅起到排出废物的作用,而且对调节体内水和无机盐的含量,维持组织细胞的正常生理功能也有重要的作用。随着温度升高尿液分泌量减少,汗液分泌量增多,汗液可以排出水、尿素、无机盐等废物,所以尿液减少是调节体内水和无机盐的平衡,维持组织细胞的正常生理功能,不会导致体内尿素等废物积累过多,C错误;
D、人体通过排尿和排汗将尿素、多余的水和无机盐等排出体外,D正确。
故选:C。
排泄是组织细胞代谢终产物排出体外的过程,如二氧化碳、水、无机盐和尿素。排泄的途径有三条:一、二氧化碳和水以气体的形式由呼吸系统排出;二、水分、无机盐和尿素以汗液的形式通过皮肤排出;三、多余的水、无机盐和尿素以尿的形式通过泌尿系统排出。其中多余的水、无机盐和尿素以尿的形式通过泌尿系统排出,是最主要的排泄途径。由图可知,随着温度升高汗液分泌量增多,汗液蒸发时带走身体一部分热量,调节体温,尿液分泌量减少,对调节体内水分和无机盐的平衡有重要作用。
只要熟练掌握了排泄的概念、途径及意义,结合题意,即可解答。
3.【答案】D
【解析】人体将二氧化碳、尿素等代谢废物以及多余的水和无机盐排出体外的过程称为排泄。粪便主要是食物残渣,排便属于排遗,不属于排泄。
4.【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查的是排尿的意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )义。首先要明确尿的成分。尿液中含有尿素等废物,尿素在人体内含量多了会引起人体中毒症状,因此需排出。
【解答】
尿的成分包括多余的水分、无机盐以及尿素等物质,这些物质在人体积聚多了对人体会造成危害,因此必须排尿。可见排尿对于人体进行正常生命活动具有重要的意义,不仅可以排出废物,而且还可以调节体内水和无机盐的平衡,维持组织细胞的生理功能。排出体内食物残渣属于排遗,B符合题意。
5.【答案】A
【解析】排出体内的食物残渣,叫 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )排便或排遗,这不属于排泄,A错误。排泄有三条途径,即呼吸系统呼出气体、泌尿系统排出尿液、皮肤排出汗液。但主要是通过泌尿系统来完成,B,D正确;体内多余的水分和无机盐等代谢终产物排出体外的过程叫排泄,C正确。
6.【答案】C
【解析】解:排泄是细胞代谢终产 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物排出体外的过程,如水、无机盐和尿素、二氧化碳等。排泄的途径有三条:皮肤排出汗液;泌尿系统排出尿液;呼吸系统排出二氧化碳和水。体内的粪便是食物吸收完营养物质后剩下的食物残渣,体内粪便排出体外的过程叫排遗,不属于排泄。
故选:C。
此题考查排泄的概念及途径。掌握排泄的主要途径,这部分内容是考试的重点,注意理解和掌握。
7.【答案】A
【解析】汗液含有水、无机盐、尿素等; ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )尿液的主要成分是水、尿素、无机盐; 呼出气体中含有水和二氧化碳等。可见汗液、尿液和呼出气体中都含有的成分是水。
8.【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查排泄的途径。解题的关键是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )掌握排泄的途径,要注意排便和排遗的区别。
【解答】
人体细胞代谢活动产生的废物,如二氧化碳、水、无机盐、尿素等,它们属于代谢终产物,它们排出体外的过程称为排泄,其途径主要有三条:呼吸系统呼出气体、泌尿系统排出尿液、皮肤排出汗液。呼吸系统呼出的气体,主要排出二氧化碳和少量的水;皮肤产生汗液,排出一部分水、无机盐和尿素;大部分的水、无机盐和尿素通过泌尿系统以尿的形式排出体外,是排泄的主要途径。人体内食物残渣叫做粪便,排出体外的过程叫排遗,故D符合题意。
故选D。
9.【答案】A
【解析】人体细胞代谢活动产生的废物,如二氧化碳、水、无机盐、尿素等,都属于代谢废物。食物残渣不属于人体细胞产生的代谢废物。
10.【答案】(1)-C
(2)-D
(3)-A
(4)-E
(5)-F
(6)-B
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查排泄和排遗的区别,条件 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )反射和非条件反射的区别以及吸气和呼气过程。解题关键是理解排泄和排遗的区别,条件反射和非条件反射的区别以及吸气和呼气过程。
【解答】
(1)(3)排泄是排出代谢废物,如:二氧化碳、尿素等,排泄的途径有三条:排尿、排汗和呼气;排遗是排出剩余的没有被消化的有机物,如:排便;
(2)(5)吸气时,肋间肌和膈肌收缩,胸廓扩大,胸腔扩大,肺扩张,肺内气压小于外界气压,完成吸气;反之,完成呼气;
(4)(6)非条件反射是与生具有的反射,神经中枢在脊髓,如: 膝跳反射;条件反射是在非条件反射的基础上,由大脑皮层高级神经中枢参与调节的反射,是后天形成的,如:阅读报纸。
故答案为:
(1)-C
(2)-D
(3)-A
(4)-E
(5)-F
(6)-B
11.【答案】(1)-B
(2)-E
(3)-C
(4)-A
(5)-D
【解析】
【分析】
此题考查了皮肤、灰质和白 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )质的结构和功能、大肠的作用、人工呼吸原理。明确皮肤、灰质和白质的结构和功能、大肠的作用、人工呼吸原理是解决此题的关键。
【解答】
脊髓包括灰质和白质,灰质中有多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )种神经中枢,是神经元细胞体集中的地方。白质主要由神经纤维构成,能够传递神经冲动;皮肤是人体最大的器官,内有汗腺和血管,能够形成汗液起到排泄的作用。即皮肤可以说是排泄器官;人工呼吸的原理是呼吸运动,常用的方法是口对口吹气法;大肠是消化道内形成粪便的场所,粪便排出体外的过程称为排遗。因此连线情况是:(1)-B,(2)-E,(3)-C,(4)-A,(5)-D。

12.【答案】汗腺
呼吸
泌尿
水与无机盐
【解析】(1)(2)(3)人体 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的排泄途径主要有三条:通过皮肤中的汗腺,以汗液的形式排出部分水、少量无机盐和尿素。通过呼吸系统,以气体的形式排出二氧化碳和少量水。通过泌尿系统,以尿液的形式排出绝大部分的水、无机盐和尿素等废物。(4)排泄不仅可以将代谢废物排出体外,而且可以调节体内水与无机盐的含量平衡,从而保证体内细胞正常的生命活动。
13.【答案】呼吸系统
泌尿系统
汗液
【解析】人体内的废物除了二氧化 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )碳和少量的水是以气体形式通过呼吸系统排出的,绝大部分水、尿素和无机盐是以尿液的形式通过泌尿系统排出体外的。还有少部分水和少量的无机盐、尿素以汗液的形式通过皮肤排出体外。
14.【答案】尿素
多余的水
二氧化碳
【解析】人体将体内的尿素、多余的水和二氧化碳等物质排出体外的过程叫作排泄。
15.【答案】(1)a、b 肺 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二氧化碳和少量水
(2)水、无机盐、尿素等
(3)汗液
(4)F B
(5)A
【解析】本题考查人体的代谢过程。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人体通过消化系统(A)吸收养料,通过呼吸系统(C)吸收氧气, 经循环系统(B)运输到组织细胞(F),在组织细胞内有机物氧化分解产生的废物经循环系统运输到呼吸系统(C) 、皮肤(D) 、泌尿系统(E) 排出体外。通过C排出的是二氧化碳和少量水,通过D排出的是汗液,通过E排出尿液,尿液中含有水、无机盐、尿素等。消化系统产生的食物残渣没有经过循环系统直接排出体外。
16.【答案】 (1)循环 (2)能量 氧气 二氧化碳 呼吸 (3)泌尿
【解析】 (1)食物经过消化系统的消化和吸收 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后进入循环系统,经循环系统运输到组织细胞;同时空气中的氧气经过呼吸系统扩散进人血液,经过循环系统运输到组织细胞;所以图中A表示循环系统。
(2)a属于消化后的营养物质,进入组织细胞后,在b的参与下被分解成二氧化碳和水并释放能量。血液与组织细胞之间进行氧气和二氧化碳的交换的过程称为组织换气。血液中的氧向组织细胞里扩散,组织细胞中的二氧化碳向血液里扩散,因此图中b表示氧气,c表示二氧化碳, 二氧化碳可由呼吸系统排出。
(3) 人体将代谢废物(如二氧化碳、尿素等) 以及多余的水分和无机盐排出体外的过程称为排泄,排泄主要有三个途径:二氧化碳和少量水以气体形式由呼吸系统排出;一部分水、少量无机盐、尿素等以汗液的形式通过皮肤的汗腺排出;绝大部分水、无机盐、尿素等形成尿液,由泌尿系统排出。
17.【答案】(1)耳蜗 (2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))睫状体 (3)排尿(通过泌尿系统以尿液的形式排出) 呼吸(通过呼吸系统以气体的形式排出) (4)肺泡内的气体交换 组织里的气体交换 (5) (6)线粒体
【解析】略
18.【答案】(1)呼吸;排汗
(2)调节体内水和无机盐的平衡(维持组织细胞的正常生理功能)
(3)C
(4)肾小球
【解析】
【分析】
本题考查排泄的概念和途 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )径、排尿的意义、尿液的形成过程。解题关键是理解排泄的概念和途径、排尿的意义、尿液的形成过程。
【解答】
(1)资料一说明肾是人体非常重要的器官,它以形成尿液的方式排出体内废物。除排尿之外,人体排出废物的途径还有呼气、排汗。
(2)人体排尿,不仅起到排出体内废物的作用,而且对调节体内水和无机盐的平衡,维持组织细胞的正常生理功能有重要作用。
(3)肾衰竭的人肾脏的功能受损,肾脏不能产生尿液,导致血液中的废物和过多的水分不能排出,使人体生命受到严重的危害。血液透析是把人体的血液从动脉引出,血液和透析液在透析器内借半透膜接触和浓度梯度进行物质交换,使血液中的代谢废物和过多的电解质向透析液移动,透析液中的营养物质向血液中移动,然后将透析过的血液再通过静脉流回血管。通过透析达到了排出代谢废物的目的。因此透析相当于人体生理活动中的肾小球的过滤作用,故选C。
(4)如果发现尿液中有较多的蛋白质,这很可能是如图中的肾小球出现病变,通透性过大,使原来不能滤过的蛋白质过滤到肾小囊腔内。
故答案为:
(1)呼吸;排汗
(2)调节体内水和无机盐的平衡;维持组织细胞的正常生理功能
(3)C
(4)肾小球
专题01 细节题TOC \o "1-3" \h \u
Part 1 技巧导图 1
Part 2 知识详解 1
Part 3 细节题选项特征 2
Part 4 细节题解题秘籍 3
Part 5 定位词的寻找技巧 8
Part 6 高频同义替换词 10
Part 1 技巧导图
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Part 2 知识详解
设问方式和考题类型
1、设问方式
常针对文中细节提问,可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
1. 是非题形式:true/ false或except
All of the following are true EXCEPT _____.
2.特殊疑问句形式:
According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )passage, who/ what/ when/ where / why / how…2·1·c·n·j·y
3.填空题形式,如:
To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_____ 21·世纪*教育网
2、题目类型
1.Wh-细节型
2.是非型
3.计算型
4.排序型
5.图标型
Part 3 细节题选项特征
(一)细节理解题正确选项特征
同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )lose one's job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,如把important变换成of importance;改变原文中句子的语态,如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,设置为正确答案。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。
(二)细节理解题干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有 符合常识,但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半 部分正确,部分错误。
Part 4 细节题解题秘籍
细节理解题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )题;有时则较为间接,需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右,是最重要的得分点。
细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问,考生都要记 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )住一个解题原则——“本本主义”,一切从原文出发,无须读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理,正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。可以用两步法解题。21·cn·jy·com
一.直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )”,即“带着问题找答案”的方法,通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句,快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关,然后仔细推敲,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定答案。简言之,可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下:
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
做题小技巧:
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号,例子,名言前后的内容,然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词,如however ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时,要特别注意句子前后意义的转折,递进,因果等关系。21世纪教育网21-cn-jy.com
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项 
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )案。如:must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对,也有例外。2-1-c-n-j-y
5.注意选项中的副词,形容词和介词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )短语等与原文是否一致。如: must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never,few 等存在程度不同,经常被偷换,往往被忽视。【出处:21教育名师】
6.细节题干扰项特点:与原文内容相反;与原文内容一半相符,一半不同;叙述过于绝对化;原文没有提及. 
例子1

I found the pre holida ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ys a good time to encourage young children to donate less used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).【版权所有:21教育】

33.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects
A.Saving up for her holiday.
B.Raising money for a poor girl.
C.Adding the money to her fund.
D.Giving the money to a sick mother.
二.间接信息题
相比直接信息题,命题的隐蔽 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
例子2…
Of the commo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )n berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares However, they are rich in vitamin C.

24.What does the author seem to like about cherries
A.They contain protein.
B.They are high in vitamin A.
C.They have a pleasant taste.
D.They are rich in antioxidants.
三.概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )分散或复杂的信息,这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向,找到文中相应的信息区间,然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实,然后再看选项,挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
例子3…
At present, the wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ld has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

30.How many langu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present
A.About 6,800.    B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.
四.正误判断题
是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目,说其繁 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )琐,因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段,而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目,考生要静下心来,看清范围,确定方向,找到每一个选项的对应信息后,谨慎排除,综合选优。
例子4
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a tradi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )tional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50 metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道).Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on Earth21世纪21世纪教育网有
Every year more tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )n 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest pepper in the world — or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure — if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
La Tomatina — The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )nesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bu ol hosts La Tomatina — the world's largest food fight. A week long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes — official fight starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.www-2-1-cnjy-com

59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A.The chief prize f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )or the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B.More than 10,000 Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )inese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C.Thousands of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D.An exciting tomat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )o battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
Part 5 定位词的寻找技巧
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目,所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold,a project manager.
33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B.To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D.To link space technology with school education.
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比,出现的几率更高。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下,要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词,其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Money:Good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.
25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
A.He buys cooking materials for her.
B.He prepares food for her kids.
C.He assists her in cooking matters.
D.He invites guest families for her.
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围,如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语,那就失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意,不是所有的题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题,很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了,因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词,另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量,尤其是同义词转换,这样才能一击必中,快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.
Duration:3 hours
This small group bik ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
21.Which tour do you need to book in advance
A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
Part 6 高频同义替换词
★高频动词:
Book=reserve=order
Conduct=carry out
Please=amuse=entertain
Improve=promote
Guarantee=ensure
Document=record
Preserve=protect
Ruin=destroy=damage=violate
Declare=announce=inform
Divide=separate=part with
complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve
Delay=put off=postpone
Give=supply=provide=offer
Ignore=turn one’s back to
Overuse=abuse
encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
Reject=refuse=turn down=decline
Receive=accept
See=observe=notice=spot
Search=explore
Connect=link=relate=associate
Explode=blow out
Discourage=frustrate
Accompany=keep pany
rent=hire
Prove=turn out
Remove=get rid of
Admire=appreciate
Possess=own
Decide=determine=resolve to do
Get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
★高频名词:
Data=statistics
Novel=fiction
Feature=characteristics
Career=occupation
Manners=etiquette
Gratitude=appreciation
Experiement=trial
Personality=character
Stress=pressure
Origin=pioneer
Circumstance=environment=atmosphere
Opportunity=chance
Creation=innovation
Comment=remark=review(make a comment on)
Achievement=recognition
Option=choice=selection
Material=resource
Luggage=baggage=package
Rule=regulation=principle
Direction=discipline=guideline
Colleague=coworker
Essay=passage=article=text
Approach=way=method=means
★高频形容词、副词:
Delicious=tasty
Attentive=focused
Original=initial
Final=eventual
Obvious=evident=Striking
Accurate=exact
Outstanding=brilliant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )=excellent=fascinating=remarkable=distinctive21cnjy.com
Authentic=true=genuine
Thrilling=frightening
Thrilled=excited
Average=ordinary=common=universal
Time-honored=has a long history
Dull=boring
Daring=brave
Extra=additional
Glad=pleased=delighted
Touched=moved
Be Important=signif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )icant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary21*cnjy*com
Accessible=available=at hand
Appropriate=proper=suitable
Appealing=attractive
Immediately=quickly=at once=in time=hurriedly(hurry)21教育名师原创作品
Rarely=hardly=seldom
Approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically
Complex=complicated
Safe=secure
★高频短语:
Ahead of time=in advance=previous
Places of interest=tourist attraction
Result in=lead to=contribute to
Be accustomed to=be used to doing
Meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need21*cnjy*com
Prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from
Join in=take part in=participate in=be involved in=be engaged in
Get ready for=be prepared for
Focus on =concentrate on
Transform A into B=Turn A into B
In the long term=in the long run
In...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point
Hold on to=insist
Take action=take measures=take steps to
Keep in touch with=contact
In some respect=to some degree=at some point
Deal with=cope with=handle with=address
At the same time=meanwhile
On the spot=on the scene
Make efforts to = ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )try to=do all/everything one can to..=go out of one’s way to do
Be proud of=take pride in
As a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth
Head into=leave for
Arrive at=reach=get to=approach
In spite of=despite
From one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
Try doing=attempt to
Be filled with=be charged with=be full of
Prefer to do A rather than do B
Prefer A to B
Prefer doing A to doing B
Run into=come across
Take the place of=replace
Come into effect=put...into practice/use
From time to time=once in a while
Be caught in=be trapped in
Consist of =be made up of
For a moment=for a while
Go on=continue
A collection of =a series of
Figure out=find out
Bright up=light up
Roll around=turn up
Give...a lecture=deliver a speech
Draw one’s attention ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )=attract one’s attention=raise one’s awareness21教育网
Be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
In favor of=favorable
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
专题01 细节题TOC \o "1-3" \h \u
Part 1 技巧导图 1
Part 2 知识详解 1
Part 3 细节题选项特征 2
HYPERLINK \l _Toc21761 Part 4 细节题解题秘籍 3
Part 5 定位词的寻找技巧 8
Part 6 高频同义替换词 10
Part 1 技巧导图
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Part 2 知识详解
设问方式和考题类型
3、设问方式
常针对文中细节提问,可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
1. 是非题形式:true/ false或except
All of the following are true EXCEPT _____.
2.特殊疑问句形式:
According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )passage, who/ what/ when/ where / why / how…2·1·c·n·j·y
3.填空题形式,如:
To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_____ 21·世纪*教育网
4、题目类型
1.Wh-细节型
2.是非型
3.计算型
4.排序型
5.图标型
Part 3 细节题选项特征
(一)细节理解题正确选项特征
同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )lose one's job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,如把important变换成of importance;改变原文中句子的语态,如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,设置为正确答案。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词 利用原文原词作为正确选项。
(二)细节理解题干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有 符合常识,但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半 部分正确,部分错误。
Part 4 细节题解题秘籍
细节理解题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )题;有时则较为间接,需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右,是最重要的得分点。
细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问,考生都要记 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )住一个解题原则——“本本主义”,一切从原文出发,无须读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理,正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。可以用两步法解题。21·cn·jy·com
一.直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )”,即“带着问题找答案”的方法,通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句,快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关,然后仔细推敲,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定答案。简言之,可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下:
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
做题小技巧:
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号,例子,名言前后的内容,然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词,如however ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、but、moreover、therefore、 thus时,要特别注意句子前后意义的转折,递进,因果等关系。21世纪教育网21-cn-jy.com
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项 
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )案。如:must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对,也有例外。2-1-c-n-j-y
5.注意选项中的副词,形容词和介词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )短语等与原文是否一致。如: must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never,few 等存在程度不同,经常被偷换,往往被忽视。【出处:21教育名师】
6.细节题干扰项特点:与原文内容相反;与原文内容一半相符,一半不同;叙述过于绝对化;原文没有提及. 
例子1

I found the pre holida ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ys a good time to encourage young children to donate less used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).【版权所有:21教育】

33.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects
A.Saving up for her holiday.
B.Raising money for a poor girl.
C.Adding the money to her fund.
D.Giving the money to a sick mother.
二.间接信息题
相比直接信息题,命题的隐蔽 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
例子2…
Of the commo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )n berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares However, they are rich in vitamin C.

24.What does the author seem to like about cherries
A.They contain protein.
B.They are high in vitamin A.
C.They have a pleasant taste.
D.They are rich in antioxidants.
三.概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )分散或复杂的信息,这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向,找到文中相应的信息区间,然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实,然后再看选项,挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
例子3…
At present, the wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ld has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

30.How many langu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present
A.About 6,800.    B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.
四.正误判断题
是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目,说其繁 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )琐,因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段,而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目,考生要静下心来,看清范围,确定方向,找到每一个选项的对应信息后,谨慎排除,综合选优。
例子4
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a tradi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )tional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50 metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道).Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on Earth21世纪21世纪教育网有
Every year more tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )n 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest pepper in the world — or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure — if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
La Tomatina — The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )nesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bu ol hosts La Tomatina — the world's largest food fight. A week long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes — official fight starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.www-2-1-cnjy-com

59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A.The chief prize f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )or the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B.More than 10,000 Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )inese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C.Thousands of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D.An exciting tomat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )o battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
Part 5 定位词的寻找技巧
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目,所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold,a project manager.
33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B.To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D.To link space technology with school education.
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比,出现的几率更高。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下,要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词,其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Money:Good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.
25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna
A.He buys cooking materials for her.
B.He prepares food for her kids.
C.He assists her in cooking matters.
D.He invites guest families for her.
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围,如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语,那就失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意,不是所有的题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题,很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了,因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词,另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量,尤其是同义词转换,这样才能一击必中,快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.
Duration:3 hours
This small group bik ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )e tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
21.Which tour do you need to book in advance
A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
Part 6 高频同义替换词
★高频动词:
Book=reserve=order
Conduct=carry out
Please=amuse=entertain
Improve=promote
Guarantee=ensure
Document=record
Preserve=protect
Ruin=destroy=damage=violate
Declare=announce=inform
Divide=separate=part with
complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve
Delay=put off=postpone
Give=supply=provide=offer
Ignore=turn one’s back to
Overuse=abuse
encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
Reject=refuse=turn down=decline
Receive=accept
See=observe=notice=spot
Search=explore
Connect=link=relate=associate
Explode=blow out
Discourage=frustrate
Accompany=keep pany
rent=hire
Prove=turn out
Remove=get rid of
Admire=appreciate
Possess=own
Decide=determine=resolve to do
Get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
★高频名词:
Data=statistics
Novel=fiction
Feature=characteristics
Career=occupation
Manners=etiquette
Gratitude=appreciation
Experiement=trial
Personality=character
Stress=pressure
Origin=pioneer
Circumstance=environment=atmosphere
Opportunity=chance
Creation=innovation
Comment=remark=review(make a comment on)
Achievement=recognition
Option=choice=selection
Material=resource
Luggage=baggage=package
Rule=regulation=principle
Direction=discipline=guideline
Colleague=coworker
Essay=passage=article=text
Approach=way=method=means
★高频形容词、副词:
Delicious=tasty
Attentive=focused
Original=initial
Final=eventual
Obvious=evident=Striking
Accurate=exact
Outstanding=brilliant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )=excellent=fascinating=remarkable=distinctive21cnjy.com
Authentic=true=genuine
Thrilling=frightening
Thrilled=excited
Average=ordinary=common=universal
Time-honored=has a long history
Dull=boring
Daring=brave
Extra=additional
Glad=pleased=delighted
Touched=moved
Be Important=signif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary21*cnjy*com
Accessible=available=at hand
Appropriate=proper=suitable
Appealing=attractive
Immediately=quickly=at once=in time=hurriedly(hurry)21教育名师原创作品
Rarely=hardly=seldom
Approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically
Complex=complicated
Safe=secure
★高频短语:
Ahead of time=in advance=previous
Places of interest=tourist attraction
Result in=lead to=contribute to
Be accustomed to=be used to doing
Meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need21*cnjy*com
Prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from
Join in=take part in=participate in=be involved in=be engaged in
Get ready for=be prepared for
Focus on =concentrate on
Transform A into B=Turn A into B
In the long term=in the long run
In...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point
Hold on to=insist
Take action=take measures=take steps to
Keep in touch with=contact
In some respect=to some degree=at some point
Deal with=cope with=handle with=address
At the same time=meanwhile
On the spot=on the scene
Make efforts to = ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )try to=do all/everything one can to..=go out of one’s way to do
Be proud of=take pride in
As a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth
Head into=leave for
Arrive at=reach=get to=approach
In spite of=despite
From one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
Try doing=attempt to
Be filled with=be charged with=be full of
Prefer to do A rather than do B
Prefer A to B
Prefer doing A to doing B
Run into=come across
Take the place of=replace
Come into effect=put...into practice/use
From time to time=once in a while
Be caught in=be trapped in
Consist of =be made up of
For a moment=for a while
Go on=continue
A collection of =a series of
Figure out=find out
Bright up=light up
Roll around=turn up
Give...a lecture=deliver a speech
Draw one’s attention ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )=attract one’s attention=raise one’s awareness21教育网
Be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
In favor of=favorable
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
专题08 阅读理解高频单词和短语
TOC \o "1-1" \h \u Part1阅读理解高频词汇(例句版) 1
Part2 阅读理解高频词汇(分组记忆版) 38
Part 3 阅读理解高频短语 49
Part1阅读理解高频词汇(例句版)
A
abandon [ 'b nd n] vt. 抛弃;舍弃;离弃
He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 21cnjy.com
他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。
abnormal [ b'n :m l] a. 不正常的,反常的;变态的
They thought his behaviour was abnormal.他们认为他的行为是反常的。
abolish [ 'b li ] vt. 取消;废除;废止;革除
Bad customs should be abolished.
abortion [ 'b : n] n. 流产; 失败;夭折
His attempt proved an abortion. 坏的风俗应当废除。
abrupt [ 'br pt] a. 突然的; 粗鲁无礼的;唐突的
She was very abrupt with me in our meeting.在会议上,她对我很无礼。
absolute [' bs lu:t] a. 绝对的;完全的;无条件的;确实的;实在的;真正的
Beauty cannot be measured by any absolute standard.衡量美丽没有绝对的标准。
abstract [' bst kt]a. & n. 抽象的;非具体的;非实在的; /摘要;摘录; 抽象;理论;抽象艺术品
Her ideas seem a little abstract. 她的思想有点儿让人费解。
absurd [ b's :d]a. 荒谬的, 荒诞的, 荒唐可笑的
Their request is absurd. 他们的要求是荒谬的。
abundant [ 'b nd nt]a. 丰富的; 充足的
The country is abundant in natural resources. 这个国家天然资源丰富。
abuse [ 'bju:z] v. 辱骂 滥用;妄用;误用,虐待
He often abuses a privilege 他经常滥用特权
academy [ 'k d mi] n. 学会, 研究院, 学术协会
He is teaching in the Royal Academy of music.他在皇家音乐学院教书
accelerate [ k'sel reit] v. 加速; 催促, 促进; 增加(数量)
He decided to accelerate his advertising. 他决定增加广告的数量。
accessible [ k'ses bl] a. 能接近的, 容易会见的; 可亲的
These documents are not accessible to the public. 公众无法看到这些文件。
accommodation [ k m 'dei n] n. 住处,住所
This hospital has accommodation(s) for 400 patients. 这个医院有400个床位。
accompany [ 'k mp ni]v.陪着; 陪衬, 伴随;给...伴奏
Lightning usually accompanies thunder. 雷声常常伴随着闪电而来。
accomplish [ 'k mpli ]v. 完成, 贯彻, 实现(计划等), 达到(目的); 实行
I accomplished two hours' work before dinner. 我在吃饭前完成了两小时的工作。
accountant [ 'kaunt nt]n. 会计师,会计员
accumulate [ 'kju:mjuleit] v. 积累,积存
He accumulated a good library. 他积累了丰富的藏书。
accuracy [ 'kju:r si]n. 准确性; 精确性
I doubt the accuracy of your statement. 我怀疑你的话的正确性。
accustomed [ 'k st md]a. 经常的, 惯常的
I'm not accustomed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) getting up so early to do morning exercise. 我不习惯这么早起床晨练。
acknowledge [ k'n li ]v. 承认; 公认为;认为; 对…表示感谢,答谢,致谢; 表明已收到
He was acknowledged to be the best player. 他被公认为是最佳选手。
acquaintance [ 'kweint ns] n. 熟悉, 认识; 熟人, 相识
He has a large circle of acquaintances. 他有很多相识的熟人。
acquire [ 'kwai ]v. 得, 得到, 获得; 招致;学得(知识等), 求得, 养成(习惯等)
We must work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hard to acquire a good knowledge of English. 我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。
acquisition[ kwi'zi n] n. 获得 ;得到的东西;得到的人
This motor-scooter is my latest acquisition. 这辆摩托车是我最新购置的。
acute[ 'kju:t]a. 尖的, 尖锐的;敏锐的; 敏感的; 精明的; 深刻的;明显的, 剧烈的, 厉害的
She still has very acute hearing, though she is eighty years old.
尽管她已经八十岁了,但她的听觉仍然很灵敏。
addition[ 'di n] n. 增加;(算数用语)加
Our baby brother is an addition to our family. 新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。
adequate[' dikwit] a. 足够的;恰当的, 可以胜任的;让人满意的, 尚可的
We took adequate food for the holiday. 我们为假期带足食品。
adjustment[ ' stm nt] n. 调整,调节
I’ve made a few adjustments to the design.我对设计做出了一点调整。
admirable[' dm r bl] a. 可钦佩的, 令人赞赏的, 可惊叹的
He dedication to her work was admirable.他对工作的奉献是令人钦佩的。
adolescence[ d u'les ns] n.青春期
adolescent[ d u'les nt] a.&n. 青年期的, 青春期的; 少年;少女
They are adolescent girls.她们是些少女。
adopt[ 'd pt] v. 采用, 采纳; 选定;收养, 立嗣
They adopted our methods. 他们采用了我们的办法。
adore[ 'd :] v. 崇拜;敬爱;敬重;非常喜欢
She adores going to the volleyball match. 她非常喜欢看排球比赛。
advocate[' dv keit] v. 拥护;提倡; 主张; 辩护者; 拥护者; 倡导者; 鼓吹者
He advocates building more schools. 他主张多建几所学校。
agenda[ ' end ] n. 议程
For the governmen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, education is now at the top of the agenda.对政府来说,教育是当务之急。
aggressive[ 'gresiv] a. 侵略的;咄咄逼人的
Martin is too aggressive .马丁太盛气凌人。
album[' lb m] n. 相片簿, 邮票簿, 照片簿
I like the band’s latest album我喜欢这个乐队最新的专辑。
alcoholic[ lk 'h lik] a. & n. 含酒精的,含乙醇的
酒精中毒的; 酗酒者
She had an alcoholic drink last night. 昨天晚上她喝了含酒精的饮料。
algebra[' lgibr ] n. 代数
alley[' li] n. 小巷,小径
allocate[' l ukeit] v. 分配; 配给
That space has been allocated for a new hospital. 这块地皮已经拨作建一座新医院。
allowance[ 'lau ns] n. 津贴;补助
My monthly allowance is 50 yuan. 我每月的津贴是50元。
alongside[ 'l 'said] ad. 横靠;傍着
We brought our boat alongside. 我们把船靠边。
alternative[ :l't :n tiv] a. 随便一个的;二者择一的
The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
这条路被挡住了,因此我们走了另一条路。
altitude[' ltitju:d] n. (海拔)高度
At high altitude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of Tibet it is difficult to breathe. 在西藏海拔很高的地方呼吸很困难。
aluminium[ lju:'minj m] n. 铝
amateur[' m t :] a&n. 业余的;业余爱好者
He is an amateur in boxing.他是一个拳击方面业余爱好者。
ambiguous[ m'bigju s] a.暧昧的, 不明确的
His account was ambiguous.他的描述是模棱两可的。
ambition[ m'bi n] n. 野心;雄心; 企图
Her ambition was to be a famous singer. 她的理想是成为著名的歌唱家。
ample[' mpl] a. 充足的;充分的
We have ample money for the journey. 我们有足够的钱去旅游。
anchor[' k ] v.&n. 抛锚;停泊 使稳固;使稳定
The ship cast anchor for the night.这船抛锚过夜。.
anecdote[' nikd ut] n. 趣闻;逸事
This research is based on anecdote not fact.这个调查是以轶事为基础,而不是事实。
anniversary[ ni'v :s ri] n. 周年纪念
We were marri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed on 20 May 1964, so every year we have a party on our anniversary.
我们是1964年5月20日结婚的,因此我们每年在结婚周年纪念日都要办一个聚会。
annual[' nju l] a.&n. 每年的;一年一次的; 年刊;年鉴
I am going to attend an annual meeting.我将去参加每年一次的会议。
antique[ n'ti:k] n. 古董;古代文物
The antique is a fake. 那古董是一件赝品。
apart[ 'pa:t] ad.&a. 相隔, 相距; 分别, 个别;离开
The 2 buildings are 200 meters apart. 两座建筑相距200米。
apparent[ 'p r nt] a. 明显的; 显而易见的;明白的
It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.
很明显,他一点儿也不知道怎样修理小汽车。
appeal[ 'pi:l] v&n. 请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力, 要求/vi.求助, 诉请, 要求
The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
appendix[ 'pendiks] n. 附属物, 附件,附录, 附言
Full details are given in Appendix 3.完整的细节在附录三中。
appetite[' pitait] n. 食欲;胃口
He has a good appetite. 他的胃口好。
applaud[ 'pl :d] v&n. 鼓掌, 欢呼或喝采(以示赞许等) 夸奖, 称赞
Everyone applauded when the play ended. 演出结束时,大家都热烈鼓掌。
applicant[' plik nt] n. 请求人, 申请人; 报名者; 应征人
There are over 200 applicants for the job.有二百多申请人申请这份工作。
appoint[ 'p int] v. 委派, 任命;指定; 约定, 决定
We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。
appreciation[ pri: i'ei n] n. 欣赏; 感激
She showed an appreciation of my help. 她感谢我的帮助。
appropriate [ 'pr upriit] a. 正确的;适当的
A dirty face is not ap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )propriate for the school photograph. 脸脏了不适合照学生像。
approval [ 'pru:v l] n. 赞成;赞许
He showed his approval by smiling. 他用微笑表示赞成。
approve [ 'pru:v] v. 批准;认可;通过
I don't approve of wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。
arbitrary ['a:bitr ri] a. 专横的;武断的
My choice was quite arbitrary. 我的选择相当随意。
arch [a:t ]n. 拱 ;脚弓
Go through the arch and follow the path.穿过拱门,走小道。
architecture ['a:kitekt ] n. 建筑学;建筑术 建筑风格
I enjoy the architecture of the 18th century.我喜欢18世纪的建筑。
artificial [ a:ti'fi l] a. 人造的;人工的
Artificial flowers look very beautiful too.假花看起来也很漂亮。
assess [ 'ses] v. 估计;估算
Damages were assessed at 1000 RMB. 损失估计达一千元人民币。
assessment [ 'sesm nt] n. 估计,估算 ;评估,评价
What is your assessment of the situation 你对时局的看法如何
assist [ 'sist] v. 帮助;支援
We all assisted in mending the roof. 我们都帮助修理屋顶。
assistance [ 'sist ns] n. 帮助,协助
Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance. 尽管他哭泣,没有人来给他帮助。
associate [ 's u ieit] v. 结交;结伙;联合 联想
We associate China with the Greet Wall. 我们想起中国, 就联想到长城。
assume [ 'sju:m] v. 假定, 设想;担任; 承担; 接受
I assume you always get up at the same time. 我想你总是在同一个时间起床。
assumption [ 's mp n] n. 假定; 设想; 假说;采取, 承担
Your assumption is wrong. 你的假定是错的。
athletic [ θ'letik] a. 运动的; 运动员的;身强力壮的
He has an athletic figure.他有运动员的身材。
attain [ 'tein]v. 获得; 达到; 完成; 实现
The car can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.这个小汽车达到时速每小时97公里。
authentic [ :'θentik] a. 真的;真正的
Is that an authentic painting from Piccaso, or a modern copy
那幅油画是毕加索的真迹还是现代仿制品
authority [ :'θ riti] n. 权威;威信;权威人士;权力;职权
You don't have any authority for entering this house.
你们没有任何权力进入这所房子,这是私宅。
autonomous [ :'t n m s] a. 自治(权)的; 自主的
It is an autonomous republic.这是个自治共和国。
awesome [' :s m] a. 令人敬畏的,令人惊叹的
I saw an awesome sight.我看到了令人惊叹的景象。
awkward [' :kw d]a. 笨拙的; 尴尬的, 不方便的
There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say.
当谁都不知道说什么时,陷入了尴尬的沉默。
B
bachelor ['b t l ] n.单身汉,学士
To do the job, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you must have at least a bachelor degree in chemistry.
要做这项工作至少也要先取得化学学士学位。
bacterium (复bacteria) [b k'ti ri m]? n. 细菌
bakery ['beik ri] n. 面包店
孩子骑在他的新自行车上不能保持平衡。
balcony ['b lk ni] n. 阳台;楼座
ballet [b 'lei] n. 芭蕾舞
bandage ['b ndi ] n. 绷带
The surgeon bandaged up his injured head. 外科医生把他受伤的头部包扎起来。
barbershop [ba:b ' p] n. 理发店
barrier ['b ri ] n. 栅栏,屏障;障碍
The police put a barrier across the road. 警察设了路障。
bay [bei] n. 湾; 海湾
bean curd n. 豆腐
beddings ['bedi ] n. 被褥, (家畜)草垫, (建筑)基床
This dried grass will make good bedding for the sheep. 这干草可用作羊的好垫草。
behalf [bi'ha:f]n. 利益; 便利; 援助 方面
I paid the money on your behalf. 我替你付了钱。
beneficial [beni'fi l] a. 有益的;有用的
Sunshine is beneficial to plants。阳光对植物有益。
bent [bent] a.&n. 弯曲的;弯形,弯度
Do this exercise with your knees bent.别弯着膝盖做运动。
betray [bi'trei] v. 出卖;背叛 泄露;显露
The officer betrayed the secret to his friends. 那军官把秘密向朋友泄露了。
bid [bid] v.& n. 出价, 投标, 祝愿, 命令, 吩咐
Bids for building the bridge were invited. 应邀参加建造那座桥梁的投标。
bingo ['bi g u] n. 宾果游戏
biochemistry ['bai u'kemistri] n. 生化,生物化学
biography [bai' gr fi] n. 传记
I read the biography of Byron我读过拜伦传。
bishop ['bi p]n. 主教
bless [bles] v. 祝福;祈祷
The priest blessed the bread and wine.
神父祝福面包和酒。
bond [b nd] n.&v. 结合(物), 粘结(剂), 联结, 公债, 债券, 合同 v.结合
These 2 substances won't bond together. 这两种东西粘不到一起。
boom [bu:m] n.&v. 隆隆响; 繁荣;景气; 迅速增长;
Business is booming. 生意日趋繁荣。
booth [bu:θ] n. 货摊;公用电话亭
botanical [b 't nik l] a. 植物的; 植物学的
She visited the botanical garden. 她去过植物园。
bounce [bauns] v. (使)反跳, 弹起, (指支票)被银行退票, 弹跳n.(球)跳起, 弹回
The children were bouncing a ball. 孩子们在拍皮球。
bound [baund] a. 被束缚的; 肯定的,被迫的;决心的
He's bound to go, and nothing will stop him.他决心要走,没有什么能阻止他。
boundary ['baund ri] n. 界线;边界
The river is the boundary between the two countries. 这条河是两国的界河。
boycott ['b ik t]v. 联合抵制, 联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交
They're boycotting the shop. 他们联合抵制那家商店。
breakthrough ['breik'θru:]n. 突破
He made a new breakthrough in research.在研究方面,他做出了新的突破。
brochure [br u' ju ] n. 小册子, 说明书, 手册
brunch [br nt ] n. 早午餐
Buddhism ['budiz m]n. 佛教; 佛法
buffet ['b fit] n. 打击;冲击; 自助餐
Dinner will be a cold buffet, not a sit-down meal.
主餐是自助冷食,不是坐着等服务员送来的那种。
bungalow ['b g l u]n. 平房
burden ['b :dn]n. 负荷;负担;重载使负担; v.给予麻烦
He could not carry the burden alone. 他一人挑不起这副担子。
bureaucratic [ bju r u'kr tik]adj.官僚政治的
C
cab [k b]n. (美)出租车
cafeteria ['k fi'ti ri ] n. 自助餐厅
This cafeteria serves good food. 这家食堂供应很好的饭菜。
calculate ['k lkjuleit]v. 计算, 考虑, 计划, 打算
Has Edward calculated the result 爱得华算出结果了吗
campaign [k m'pein] n.& v. [军]战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动
Jean is campaigning for equal rights for women. 琼在参加争取妇女平等权利的运动。
candidate ['k ndidit]n. 候选人; 候缺者;
There are a large number of candidates for the job.这个工作有很多候选人。
capsule ['k psju:l] n. 胶囊; 太空舱
caption ['k p n]n. 标题,说明, 字幕
carbon ['ka:b n]n. 碳 ;复写纸, 副本;复写的副本
David is almost a carbon of his father. 大卫和他父亲几乎长得一模一样。
carrier ['k ri ]n.运送者, 邮递员, 带菌者
carve [ka:v]v. 雕刻, 切开
He carved the figure of a woman from a piece of wood. 他用一块木头雕了一个女人像。
cast(cast, cast ) [ka:st] v. 投,扔,抛;浇铸
As soon as they reach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the fishing area, the fishermen cast their nets into the sea.
渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。
casual ['k ju l]a. 偶然的, 碰巧的;临时的,不小心的, 疏忽的, 漫不经心的
He was wearing casual clothes, not his school ones. 他穿着他的便服,不是他的校服。
catalogue ['k t l g]n. 目录
catastrophe [k 't str fi]n. 大灾难;异常的灾祸
The catastrophe of a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) tragedy usually brings death or ruin to the leading character.
悲剧的结局常常是主角死亡或毁灭。
category ['k tig ri]n. 种类;类目;部属;类别
There are different categories of books in a library. 图书馆里有各种不同种类的书籍。
cater ['keit ]v. 备办食物, 满足(需要), 投合
They tried to cater for the need of the customers. 他们努力去迎合顾客的需求。
catholic ['k θ lik]n. 天主教徒 a.天主教的
caution ['k : n]n.&v. 警告;告诫; 谨慎;小心
The dean cautioned him against being late. 系主任告诫他不要迟到。
cell [sel] n (监狱的)单人牢房;(修道院等的)单人小室;小蜂窝,蜂房;[生物] 细胞21*cnjy*com
We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands.
每当我们洗手的时候,我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。
certificate [s 'tifikit]n. 证书,证件,执照
He received a Postgraduate Certificate in Education.他获得了教育硕士证。
changeable ['t ein bl] a.易变的,变化无常的
The weather is quite changeable at this time of year.在这个季节天气相当多变。
chaos ['kei s]n. 混乱, 混沌
The house was in chaos after the party.晚会之后天气一片混乱。
characteristic [ k rikt 'ristik] a.&n. 表示特性的;典型的;特有的
Kindness is one of his characteristics. 和善是他的特性之一。
cheers [t i z] int.?欢呼; 喝彩
I heard the cheers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the crowd, and I knew that the host team was winning. 我听到观众阵阵的欢呼声,知道主队要赢了。
choir ['kwai ] n. 唱诗班; 歌唱队
The church choir sing(s) every Sunday morning. 每周星期天上午教堂歌唱队要唱诗。
choke [t uk]n.& v. 窒息, 哽住
The smoke from the stove almost choked me. 炉子里发出的烟呛得我几乎透不过气来。
chorus ['k :r s]n. 合唱, 合唱队, 齐声
The chorus was very good today. 今天合唱团唱得非常好。
Christian ['kristj n]n. 基督徒, 信徒
adj.基督教的, 信基督教的
circuit ['s :kit] n. 电路, 一圈, 周游, 巡回
The old scientist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) used to run three circuits of the track every morning.
老科学家以前每天早晨沿跑道跑三圈。
circulate ['s :kjuleit] v. (使)流通, (使)运行, (使)循环, (使)传播www-2-1-cnjy-com
The blood circulates round the body. 血液在体内循环。
circumstance ['s :k mst ns] n. 环境, 详情, 境况
The circumstances forced me to accept. 环境迫使我不得不同意。
civilian [si'vilj n] n. 平民
He left the army and returned to civilian life.他离开军队,返回了平民生活。
clarify ['kl rifai]v. 解释;澄清;阐明
The government ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s time and again clarified its position on equal pay for women 政府已经反复阐明政府对男女同工同酬的立场。
classify ['kl sifai]v. 分类;归类;把…分等级
Patients are classified into three categories.病人被分成三个等级。
clay [klei] n. 黏土;泥土
click [klik] v. 发出滴答声, 使发出卡嗒声;n.滴答声
The door clicked shut behind him. 他进屋后,门卡嗒一声关上了。
clumsy ['kl mzi] a. 行动笨拙的;手脚不灵活的
You are clumsy! You're knocked over my cup of coffee!
你真笨手笨脚!把我的这杯咖啡撞翻了。
coincidence [k u'insid ns] n. 巧合;巧合的事
What a coincidence that I was in Paris at the same time as you!
我在巴黎时你也正在那里,多巧啊
colleague ['k li:g]n. 同事;同僚
collection [k 'lek n]n. 收藏, 征收, 搜集品, 捐款
He has a large collection of stamps. 他有大量的邮票收藏
collision [k 'li n] n. 碰撞;冲突;互撞事件
Have you known the collision between two trains
你已经知道了那次两列火车相撞事件
commercial [k 'm : l]a. 商业的, 贸易的
A commercial col ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lege teaches things that would be useful in business.
商学院教授教那些在商业中可能会有用的东西。
commit [k 'mit]v. 犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托
A robbery was committed last night. 昨晚发生了一起盗窃案。
commitment [k 'mitm nt] n. 委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务
I've taken on too many commitments. 我承担的义务太多了。
communism ['k mjunizm]n. 共产主义
communist ['k mjunist]n. 共产主义者 a. 共产党的;共产主义的
He took part in the international communist movement.
他参加了国际共产主义运动。
compass ['k mp s] n罗盘, 指南针,圆规
compensate ['k mp nseit]v. 偿还, 补偿, 付报酬
Nothing can compensate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the young mother for the loss of her favourite daughter.
年轻的妈妈丧失了自己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了的。
competence ['k mp t ns]n. 能力
He gained a high level of competence in English.他获得了高水平的英语能力。
complex ['k mpleks]a.& n. 复杂的, 合成的, 综合的
A computer is certainly a complex machine. 电脑当然是一种结构复杂的机器。
component [k m'p un nt] n. 成分
Each of the components is useful in its degree. 每一个元件都各有程度不同的用处。
compromise ['k mpr maiz]v. 妥协;和解;折衷
In any relationship, you have to make compromises.
在任何关系中,人们都得作出让步。
compulsory [k m'p ls ri] a. 强迫的, 强制的; 义务的; 必修的
Education is compulsory in Britain. 在英国实行义务教育。
concrete ['k nkri:t]a. 具体的;实在的;有形的
Have you any concrete ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )suggestions on how to deal with these difficulties
对怎样解决这些困难,你有没有什么具体建议
condemn [k n'dem]v. 谴责;反对
Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.
大多数人都愿意把任何暴力行为视作恶行加以谴责。
confidential