高考英语书面表达概要写作课件（32张PPT）
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| 名称 | 高考英语书面表达概要写作课件（32张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 534.3KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-13 16:52:24 | ||
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文档简介
(共32张PPT)
On Shipwrecks
概要写作
文本内容与结构解读
写作思路解读
写作思路微技能之逻辑顺序策略
表达微技能之概括篇
牛刀小试
参考范文欣赏
体裁：说明文
主题：What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks
结构：递进式，即issue —cause(s)—solution(s)
1.文本内容与结构解读
What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks（遇难船只）that are decades, or even centuries, old
Whenever a shipwreck is discovered, there are two different ways to think about the remains. Treasure hunters value the shipwreck for its financial worth. They have spent a lot of their own time and money searching for the wreck. When they finally find it, they believe that the ship should be theirs. However, marine archaeologists(考古学家) see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history. For them, a ship lying at the bottom of the sea gives them a basic idea of how people from past cultures lived and traveled.
Both the treasure hunters and the archaeologists have a good point. Many shipwrecks are discovered because of the treasure hunters. They are encouraged to spend their own money on research because they might find gold, jewelry, and ancient treasures across the ocean floor. As a result, it seems as if they have got the right to collect the treasure. On the other hand, the archaeologists argue that shipwrecks are more valuable. By studying these wrecks, they hope to have a better understanding of human history. So they want to prevent treasure hunters from destroying the shipwrecks and taking away the historical objects. This idea sounds valid as well.
The solution to this dilemma(左右为难) has been for treasure hunters and archaeologists to compromise and even work together. Treasure hunters usually let archaeologists spend as much time as they need to study the wreck. In return, archaeologists have provided better equipment and resources for exploration.
Robots are the latest tool to be used for finding shipwrecks. Because of the strong pressure found deep underwater, it is very difficult for humans to travel far below the surface. However, robots with cameras and sonar technology can be sent to the darkest depths of the ocean. JASON Jr. was the robot used by Dr. Robert Ballard to discover the Titanic at a depth of about 13,000 feet!
causes
phenomenon
solutions
写作思路解读
Para. 1:
What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks（遇难船只）that are decades, or even cent
What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks （要点1）
Para. 2: Whenever a shipwreck is discovered, there are two different ways to think about the remains. Treasure hunters value the shipwreck for its financial worth. They have spent a lot of their own time and money searching for the wreck. When they finally find it, they believe that the ship should be theirs. However, marine archaeologists(考古学家) see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history. For them, a ship lying at the bottom of the sea gives them a basic idea of how people from past cultures lived and traveled.
Treasure hunters think the shipwrecks belong to them but the marine archaeologists see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history.（要点2）
写作思路解读
写作思路解读
Para. 3: Both the treasure hunters and the archaeologists have a good point. Many shipwrecks are discovered because of the treasure hunters. They are encouraged to spend their own money on research because they might find gold, jewelry, and ancient treasures across the ocean floor. As a result, it seems as if they have got the right to collect the treasure. On the other hand, the archaeologists argue that shipwrecks are more valuable. By studying these wrecks, they hope to have a better understanding of human history. So they want to prevent treasure hunters from destroying the shipwrecks and taking away the historical objects. This idea sounds valid as well.
Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures. （要点3）
写作思路解读
Para. 4: The solution to this dilemma(左右为难) has been for treasure hunters and archaeologists to compromise and even work together. Treasure hunters usually let archaeologists spend as much time as they need to study the wreck. In return, archaeologists have provided better equipment and resources for exploration.
The solution to the dilemma is that treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward.(要点4）
写作思路解读
Para. 5: Robots are the latest tool to be used for finding shipwrecks. Because of the strong pressure found deep underwater, it is very difficult for humans to travel far below the surface. However, robots with cameras and sonar technology can be sent to the darkest depths of the ocean. JASON Jr. was the robot used by Dr. Robert Ballard to discover the Titanic at a depth of about 13,000 feet!
Robots with advanced technology become the latest tools for finding shipwrecks..(要点5）
写作思路解读
若将上述的所有要点连句成文，便得到了这样一段概要：
What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks （Point 1）Treasure hunters think the shipwrecks belong to them but the marine archaeologists see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history.（Point 2）Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures.（Point3）The solution to the dilemma is that treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward -- robots with advanced technology.（Point 4）(101w)
点评：该概要覆盖了原文全部要点，使用了较多的句内连接成分，但多处表达抄自原文，字数超标，结构欠紧凑，没有达到语句简洁精炼这一要求。
3.表达微技能之概括篇
1. What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks
我们可以根据两句间的逻辑关系，把第一段和第二段的首句 合并为要点一：
① As to the treasures found in shipwrecks, treasure hunters and marine archaeologists think them in different ways.
② To the treasures found in shipwrecks, treasure hunters and marine archaeologists think them differently.
③ Treasure hunters and marine archaeologists hold different/fixed attitudes towards the treasures found in shipwrecks.
下面我们将聚焦“概括”这一技能在概要写作中的运用。
3.表达微技能之概括篇
2. Treasure hunters think the shipwrecks belong to them but the marine archaeologists see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history.
这句照抄原文处较多，需一定转化并概括成要点二：
One side views the found shipwrecks as their private possessions but the other side considers them a precious way of studying history.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
3. Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures.
我们可以再简化一下，概括为要点三：
① Treasure hunters think they can take away the treasures because they spend much money finding the shipwrecks while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so hey prevent treasure hunters from doing so.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
3. Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures.
我们可以再简化一下，概括为要点三：
② Treasure hunters believe they own the treasures because they found shipwrecks costs them much money while marine archaeologists want to study human history through the remains so they disapprove of treasure hunters’ behaviour.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
3. Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures.
我们可以再简化一下，概括为要点三：
③ Finding shipwrecks costs treasure hunters a lot so they think they should possess the treasures but marine archaeologists prevent treasure hunters taking away the treasures due to their study purposes.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
4. The solution to the dilemma is that treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward .
我们可以再简化一下，概括为要点四。
To solve the dilemma, treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward .
3.表达微技能之概括篇
.
5. Robots with advanced technology become the latest tools for finding shipwrecks.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
主旨大意是第一层次信息，各段的段落大意是第二层次信息，支撑各段落大意的信息是第三层次信息。第一二层次信息必须作为主要信息体现在概要中，第三层次作为次要信息可视需要筛选后写入概要，以帮助读者理解主旨。所以这一段作为附加信息可和第四段整合在一起，概括如下：
To solve the dilemma, treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward, like robots with advanced technology.
可见，要按照规定写出一篇好的概要，概括能力必不可少。
1. Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
______________________________________________
_______________
5.牛刀小试
You can easily answer these questions if your awareness is sharp.
归纳以下段落大意。
2. What is Standard English Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand Believe it or not, there is no such thing as Standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is Standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
Actually, there is no Standard English.
3. Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes ---kha---ki pants and sports shirt --- to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
David Smith used to wear an expensive suit to work every day but now wears casual clothes.
4. More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday.” “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant, Maisly Jones.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work.
3+4参考答案：David Smith, who used to wear an expensive suit to work every day, now wears casual clothes, which is allowed by more and more companies in the United States.
5.牛刀小试
5. The question was once asked of a highly successful businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime ” He replied, “I have dreams. I have turned my mind loose to imagine what I wanted to do. Then I have gone to bed and thought about my dreams. In the night I dreamed about my dreams. And when I awoke in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams real. While other people were saying, ‘You can't do that. It is impossible.’ I was well on my way to achieving what I wanted.” As Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the U.S., said: “We grow great by dreams. All big men are dreamers.”
____________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
It is believed that dreams lead to one’s success.
6. They see things in the soft haze of a spring day, or in the red fire on a long winter’s evening. Some of us let these dreams die, but others nourish and protect them; nourish them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true. So please, don not let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they are too impossible. “Sing your songs, and dream your dreams, hope your hope and pray your prayer.”
________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
Dreams make a difference to our life and therefore we should have dreams and stick to them.
5+6参考答案：Possible version 1: By presenting examples of successful people whose dreams contributed greatly to their success, this passage emphasizes the importance of dreams and advocates that people should have dreams and never give them up. Possible version 2: It is believed that dreams help one achieve success. Therefore, dreams are of great importance and we should have dreams and stick to them.
5.牛刀小试
7. In the past, the expression “children should be seen and not heard” summed up the attitude of parents to their children. Children were expected to be disciplined, well-behaved and the parents ruled the home. But today parents seem to do everything for their children and control all aspects of their lives. Some call this overparenting. Parents take charge of everything: from what pre-school their kids attend to the pastimes they take up. Parents feel they must protect their children to increase their chances for success. As a result children do less than ever before.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
Today parents seem to do everything for their children and control all aspects of their lives, which is called overparenting.
8. There are two reasons for overparenting. First, people now have fewer children than in years past so they can give each one more attention. Secondly, parents feel the future of their family is now dependent on only one child, so they must do as much as possible to help their child succeed.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
There are two reasons for overparenting – fewer or only child.
9. But overparenting has negative consequences. Children are less independent now and are protected from the hardships and failures that teach them determination and give them the satisfaction of accomplishment. Also the pressure kids feel to be successful means they experience more anxiety and depression than ever before.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
Overparenting has negative consequences – Children are less independent and more anxious about their success.
7+8+9参考答案：Because of fewer or only child, the parents take care of their children too much, which causes their children less independent and more anxious about their success.
5.牛刀小试
参考范文欣赏1
Treasure hunters and marine archaeologists hold different attitudes towards the treasures in the found shipwrecks. The former believes they own the treasures because finding shipwrecks costs them much money while the latter wants to do more research on the remains so they disapprove of treasure hunters’ behaviour. To solve the dilemma, treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward, like robots with the latest technology. (77w)
参考范文欣赏2
To the treasures found in shipwrecks, treasure hunters and marine archaeologists think them differently. One side views them as private possessions, for they find the shipwrecks at a heavy cost. However, the other side considers them a precious way of studying history so they stop treasure hunters taking away the objects. To resolve their disagreement, one gives the other enough time to do research and the other offers advanced equipment -- robots with high technology. (75w)
On Shipwrecks
概要写作
文本内容与结构解读
写作思路解读
写作思路微技能之逻辑顺序策略
表达微技能之概括篇
牛刀小试
参考范文欣赏
体裁：说明文
主题：What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks
结构：递进式，即issue —cause(s)—solution(s)
1.文本内容与结构解读
What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks（遇难船只）that are decades, or even centuries, old
Whenever a shipwreck is discovered, there are two different ways to think about the remains. Treasure hunters value the shipwreck for its financial worth. They have spent a lot of their own time and money searching for the wreck. When they finally find it, they believe that the ship should be theirs. However, marine archaeologists(考古学家) see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history. For them, a ship lying at the bottom of the sea gives them a basic idea of how people from past cultures lived and traveled.
Both the treasure hunters and the archaeologists have a good point. Many shipwrecks are discovered because of the treasure hunters. They are encouraged to spend their own money on research because they might find gold, jewelry, and ancient treasures across the ocean floor. As a result, it seems as if they have got the right to collect the treasure. On the other hand, the archaeologists argue that shipwrecks are more valuable. By studying these wrecks, they hope to have a better understanding of human history. So they want to prevent treasure hunters from destroying the shipwrecks and taking away the historical objects. This idea sounds valid as well.
The solution to this dilemma(左右为难) has been for treasure hunters and archaeologists to compromise and even work together. Treasure hunters usually let archaeologists spend as much time as they need to study the wreck. In return, archaeologists have provided better equipment and resources for exploration.
Robots are the latest tool to be used for finding shipwrecks. Because of the strong pressure found deep underwater, it is very difficult for humans to travel far below the surface. However, robots with cameras and sonar technology can be sent to the darkest depths of the ocean. JASON Jr. was the robot used by Dr. Robert Ballard to discover the Titanic at a depth of about 13,000 feet!
causes
phenomenon
solutions
写作思路解读
Para. 1:
What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks（遇难船只）that are decades, or even cent
What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks （要点1）
Para. 2: Whenever a shipwreck is discovered, there are two different ways to think about the remains. Treasure hunters value the shipwreck for its financial worth. They have spent a lot of their own time and money searching for the wreck. When they finally find it, they believe that the ship should be theirs. However, marine archaeologists(考古学家) see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history. For them, a ship lying at the bottom of the sea gives them a basic idea of how people from past cultures lived and traveled.
Treasure hunters think the shipwrecks belong to them but the marine archaeologists see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history.（要点2）
写作思路解读
写作思路解读
Para. 3: Both the treasure hunters and the archaeologists have a good point. Many shipwrecks are discovered because of the treasure hunters. They are encouraged to spend their own money on research because they might find gold, jewelry, and ancient treasures across the ocean floor. As a result, it seems as if they have got the right to collect the treasure. On the other hand, the archaeologists argue that shipwrecks are more valuable. By studying these wrecks, they hope to have a better understanding of human history. So they want to prevent treasure hunters from destroying the shipwrecks and taking away the historical objects. This idea sounds valid as well.
Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures. （要点3）
写作思路解读
Para. 4: The solution to this dilemma(左右为难) has been for treasure hunters and archaeologists to compromise and even work together. Treasure hunters usually let archaeologists spend as much time as they need to study the wreck. In return, archaeologists have provided better equipment and resources for exploration.
The solution to the dilemma is that treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward.(要点4）
写作思路解读
Para. 5: Robots are the latest tool to be used for finding shipwrecks. Because of the strong pressure found deep underwater, it is very difficult for humans to travel far below the surface. However, robots with cameras and sonar technology can be sent to the darkest depths of the ocean. JASON Jr. was the robot used by Dr. Robert Ballard to discover the Titanic at a depth of about 13,000 feet!
Robots with advanced technology become the latest tools for finding shipwrecks..(要点5）
写作思路解读
若将上述的所有要点连句成文，便得到了这样一段概要：
What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks （Point 1）Treasure hunters think the shipwrecks belong to them but the marine archaeologists see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history.（Point 2）Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures.（Point3）The solution to the dilemma is that treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward -- robots with advanced technology.（Point 4）(101w)
点评：该概要覆盖了原文全部要点，使用了较多的句内连接成分，但多处表达抄自原文，字数超标，结构欠紧凑，没有达到语句简洁精炼这一要求。
3.表达微技能之概括篇
1. What happens to the treasures found in shipwrecks
我们可以根据两句间的逻辑关系，把第一段和第二段的首句 合并为要点一：
① As to the treasures found in shipwrecks, treasure hunters and marine archaeologists think them in different ways.
② To the treasures found in shipwrecks, treasure hunters and marine archaeologists think them differently.
③ Treasure hunters and marine archaeologists hold different/fixed attitudes towards the treasures found in shipwrecks.
下面我们将聚焦“概括”这一技能在概要写作中的运用。
3.表达微技能之概括篇
2. Treasure hunters think the shipwrecks belong to them but the marine archaeologists see shipwrecks as a valuable chance to study history.
这句照抄原文处较多，需一定转化并概括成要点二：
One side views the found shipwrecks as their private possessions but the other side considers them a precious way of studying history.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
3. Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures.
我们可以再简化一下，概括为要点三：
① Treasure hunters think they can take away the treasures because they spend much money finding the shipwrecks while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so hey prevent treasure hunters from doing so.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
3. Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures.
我们可以再简化一下，概括为要点三：
② Treasure hunters believe they own the treasures because they found shipwrecks costs them much money while marine archaeologists want to study human history through the remains so they disapprove of treasure hunters’ behaviour.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
3. Treasure hunters think they have the right to collect the treasures because they discover the shipwrecks and spend much money while the archaeologists hope to learn more human history so they prevent treasure hunters from taking away the treasures.
我们可以再简化一下，概括为要点三：
③ Finding shipwrecks costs treasure hunters a lot so they think they should possess the treasures but marine archaeologists prevent treasure hunters taking away the treasures due to their study purposes.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
4. The solution to the dilemma is that treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward .
我们可以再简化一下，概括为要点四。
To solve the dilemma, treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward .
3.表达微技能之概括篇
.
5. Robots with advanced technology become the latest tools for finding shipwrecks.
3.表达微技能之概括篇
主旨大意是第一层次信息，各段的段落大意是第二层次信息，支撑各段落大意的信息是第三层次信息。第一二层次信息必须作为主要信息体现在概要中，第三层次作为次要信息可视需要筛选后写入概要，以帮助读者理解主旨。所以这一段作为附加信息可和第四段整合在一起，概括如下：
To solve the dilemma, treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward, like robots with advanced technology.
可见，要按照规定写出一篇好的概要，概括能力必不可少。
1. Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
______________________________________________
_______________
5.牛刀小试
You can easily answer these questions if your awareness is sharp.
归纳以下段落大意。
2. What is Standard English Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand Believe it or not, there is no such thing as Standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is Standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
Actually, there is no Standard English.
3. Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes ---kha---ki pants and sports shirt --- to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
David Smith used to wear an expensive suit to work every day but now wears casual clothes.
4. More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday.” “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant, Maisly Jones.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work.
3+4参考答案：David Smith, who used to wear an expensive suit to work every day, now wears casual clothes, which is allowed by more and more companies in the United States.
5.牛刀小试
5. The question was once asked of a highly successful businessman, “How have you done so much in your lifetime ” He replied, “I have dreams. I have turned my mind loose to imagine what I wanted to do. Then I have gone to bed and thought about my dreams. In the night I dreamed about my dreams. And when I awoke in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams real. While other people were saying, ‘You can't do that. It is impossible.’ I was well on my way to achieving what I wanted.” As Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the U.S., said: “We grow great by dreams. All big men are dreamers.”
____________________________________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
It is believed that dreams lead to one’s success.
6. They see things in the soft haze of a spring day, or in the red fire on a long winter’s evening. Some of us let these dreams die, but others nourish and protect them; nourish them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true. So please, don not let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they are too impossible. “Sing your songs, and dream your dreams, hope your hope and pray your prayer.”
________________________________________
5.牛刀小试
Dreams make a difference to our life and therefore we should have dreams and stick to them.
5+6参考答案：Possible version 1: By presenting examples of successful people whose dreams contributed greatly to their success, this passage emphasizes the importance of dreams and advocates that people should have dreams and never give them up. Possible version 2: It is believed that dreams help one achieve success. Therefore, dreams are of great importance and we should have dreams and stick to them.
5.牛刀小试
7. In the past, the expression “children should be seen and not heard” summed up the attitude of parents to their children. Children were expected to be disciplined, well-behaved and the parents ruled the home. But today parents seem to do everything for their children and control all aspects of their lives. Some call this overparenting. Parents take charge of everything: from what pre-school their kids attend to the pastimes they take up. Parents feel they must protect their children to increase their chances for success. As a result children do less than ever before.
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5.牛刀小试
Today parents seem to do everything for their children and control all aspects of their lives, which is called overparenting.
8. There are two reasons for overparenting. First, people now have fewer children than in years past so they can give each one more attention. Secondly, parents feel the future of their family is now dependent on only one child, so they must do as much as possible to help their child succeed.
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5.牛刀小试
There are two reasons for overparenting – fewer or only child.
9. But overparenting has negative consequences. Children are less independent now and are protected from the hardships and failures that teach them determination and give them the satisfaction of accomplishment. Also the pressure kids feel to be successful means they experience more anxiety and depression than ever before.
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5.牛刀小试
Overparenting has negative consequences – Children are less independent and more anxious about their success.
7+8+9参考答案：Because of fewer or only child, the parents take care of their children too much, which causes their children less independent and more anxious about their success.
5.牛刀小试
参考范文欣赏1
Treasure hunters and marine archaeologists hold different attitudes towards the treasures in the found shipwrecks. The former believes they own the treasures because finding shipwrecks costs them much money while the latter wants to do more research on the remains so they disapprove of treasure hunters’ behaviour. To solve the dilemma, treasure hunters give archaeologists enough time to study the wreck and archaeologists offer them more advanced equipment as a reward, like robots with the latest technology. (77w)
参考范文欣赏2
To the treasures found in shipwrecks, treasure hunters and marine archaeologists think them differently. One side views them as private possessions, for they find the shipwrecks at a heavy cost. However, the other side considers them a precious way of studying history so they stop treasure hunters taking away the objects. To resolve their disagreement, one gives the other enough time to do research and the other offers advanced equipment -- robots with high technology. (75w)