高考英语时态与语态课件（56张PPT）
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| 名称 | 高考英语时态与语态课件（56张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 407.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-11-15 07:38:44 | ||
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(共56张PPT)
语态
时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 v. /v.s am /is /are + Vp.p
一般过去时 ved was / were + Vp.p
一般将来时 will + v. will be + Vp.p
过去将来时 would + v. would be + Vp.p
过去完成时 had + Vp.p had been + Vp.p
现在完成时 have /has + Vp.p have /has been + Vp.p
将来完成时 will have + Vp.p will have been + Vp.p
现在进行时 am /is / are + Ving am /is /are + being + Vp.p
过去进行时 was /were + Ving was /were + being + Vp.p
时态和语态的主要考点
1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。
2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；
主从句时态呼应问题。
3、几种时态的替代问题.
最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配
一般现在 every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday
现在进行 now,
现在完成 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently
一般过去 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
过去进行 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
过去完成 …before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
一般将来 next…, tomorrow, in…
过去将来 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作
1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作
1. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A .will play B. have played C. played D. play
2.---_____my glasses ----Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen
3.We will see to it that every child in the nation ____ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside.
A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get
1 一般现在时的用法
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。
①Knowledge begins with practice.
② She said that the sea water is salty.
③In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served
④----The girl ____ weight recently.
----Yes , she _____ too much.
has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats
C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats
1 一般现在时的用法
3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等
The train leaves at three this afternoon.
4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
①If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside.
②----Put these glasses away before they _____.
----OK. I’ll put them in the cupboard.
A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken
③I’ve brought my tennis things along in case we _____ time for a game tomorrow.
A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have
④----Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green
-----You can when you _____ a bit more skilled.
A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get
2 一般过去时的用法
1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。
1.----Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）
----Well , it _____ me.
A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. hasn’t been D. hadn’t been
2.----I’ve bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. ---Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn’t like sweet things. _____ that
A. Don’t you know B. Haven’t you known
C. Didn’t you know D. Hadn’t you known
3.----Was Mary in the office when you arrived there
------Yes , but she _____soon afterwards.
A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave
2 一般过去时的用法
2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：
一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。
I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完）
② I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）
1.----Has Tommy finished his job yet
----I have no idea of it ; he ____ it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did
2.As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ______asleep.
A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell
3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
4.---I’m sorry , I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
-----You _____ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing.
3. 一般将来时
1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。
2 .表示将来时的四种形式
①will /shall +动词原形
②be going to do
③be about to do(正要干什么)
④be to do
① be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。
----The telephone is ringing.
----I _____ answer it.
A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to
---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday
---I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
②be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示
Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain.
3. be to和be going to
①表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。
②be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
4．be about to do 表示“正要干什么…”，
表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。
常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连词
构成句型： …be about to do …when….
I was about to leave when it rained.
特别注意
（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。
The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但没有will ,be going to )
（2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
I’ve won a holiday for two to Floria. I ______my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been
4. 现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。
①I don’t really work here. I’m helping until the new secretary comes.
②Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology___ so rapidly.
A. will have changed B. has changed
C. is changing D. will change
③ ----Ann works very hard.
----In fact. I think she ______ just now.
A. studied B. is studying C. studies D. will stud
④ Please call again. Jim _____ a bath just now.
A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has
⑤My money _____. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before I’ve none in hand.
A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out
⑥I can guess you were in a hurry. You _____ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing
特殊用性：
现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。
We’re moving to the new building next week.
现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感彩。
You are always forgetting the important things.
1.You _____things about . Look, what a mess in you room!
A. always throw B. have always thrown
C. are always throwing D. have always been thrown
2.You ______ television. Why not do something more active
A. always watch B. are always watching
C. have always watched D. have always been watching
3．有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知觉、认应付，感情”等状态
存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain
所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold
知觉： sound(听起来)， look /seem /appear (看起来)， (看起来),
smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）,feel (摸起来) ， see , hear ,
认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think
情感：like, love, hate , prefer,
5.过去进行时
1．表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。
1.---Hey ,look where you are going
-----Oh, I’m terribly sorry ._______.
A. I’m not noticing B. I don’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticing D. I was n’t noticing
2.-----Hey ,what did I say
-----I _________.
A. I’m not listening B. I was not listening C. I don’t listened D. I didn’t listen
2． 表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。
③-----Why didn’t you join us last night
-----I _____ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.
A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watching
④----Why weren’t you at the meeting
----I ____ for a long –distance call from my father in Australia.
A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been
⑤ Good heavens ! There you are ! We ____ anxious about you . We ____ you back much earlier all through the night.
A. are , expect B. were, had expected
C. will be , are expecting D. have been , were expecting
⑥ ----You look tired.
----Yes. I non stop ____ until twelve o’clock.
A. am working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
3． 在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 o’clock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。
I first met Lisa three years ago . She ____ at a radio shop at the time.
has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
特别注意：
与always连用，表示感彩。
My brother was always losing his key.
1. — Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about Don’t you like it
— I’m sorry I ______ any remark about it in time. I certainly think it’s smart.
A. wasn’t making B. don’t make
C. won’t make D. didn’t make
2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city ______ so rapidly all these years.
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
3. He ______ quite well, but he hasn’t had time to swim since this summer.
A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims
4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he ____by now.
A. hasn’t turned up B. doesn’t turn up
C. won’t turn up D. hadn’t turned up
5. I’m terribly sorry for being late, but I _____ the wrong bus.
A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching
7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _______ across the road when my car hit him.
A. was to walk B. had been walking
C. walked D. was walking
8. I really don’t think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _____.
A. is B. does C. will be D. has been
9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play
C. had played D. played
10. — Kate is in hospital.
— Oh, really I _______. ________ visit her.
A. didn’t know; I’ll go and B. don’t know; I’ll go and
C. don’t know; I’m going to D. didn’t know; I’m going to
11. — Where _______ the guidebook I can’t see it anywhere.
— I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have put
C. have you put; put D. were you putting; put
14. — Do you live in this city
— No, we ______ it for holidays.
A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited
15. — How is the old man now
— Sorry, he ______ though they did all they could to save him.
A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died
16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures ______.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
17. I’m afraid it will be two months ______.
A. when I come back B. when I’ll come back
C. before I come back D. before I’ll come back
18.The workers _____ busily when the boss came to look for something he ______ in the office.
A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left
C. working ; had left D. had worked; left
19.The notice ______ “No smoking”.
A. is told B. reads C. tells D. is read
6. 现在完成时
1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。
They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)
2． 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。
He hasn’t given me any more trouble since then.
②----When did he go to America
-----Oh, he ______ there since half a year ago.
A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was
③Shelly _____ California for Texas and ____ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.
A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , worked
④Collecting stamps as a hobby ____ increasingly popular during the past fifty years.]
A. becomes B. became C. has become D. had become
⑤ ----How are you today
---Oh , I ____ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
⑥ Rober ____ me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I ___ it .
A. had given, lost B. has given , have lost C. gave, have lost D. gives, lost
7.过去完成时
1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
请记住：
by the end of +过去时间
be the time +从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）
①The film had already begun when I got there.
②They had left before I returned.
③We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.)
2 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
3 用于hardly …when ;no sooner …than …（一….就…）等句子中。
Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.
4 hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。
I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found.
我本希望能乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）
5 It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时）；
It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时）。
It is the first time that I’ve been here.
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.
6 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you .
1. The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital.
A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died
2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
3. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.
A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become
C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become
4. I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped
5. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
8.现在完成进行时
构成：have /has been doing
表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。
----Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work
---Yes, that’ why I _____ to work by train.
A. have been going B. have gone
C. was going D. will have gone
9.将来完成时： will / shall +have done
表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如：
by the end of+将来时间的短语,
by the time +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时
We will have finished the work by the time he comes back..
10.一般将来进行时； will be dong / shall be doing
表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作
What will you be doing this time tomorrow
1.By the end of this month, we surely ____ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A. have found B. will be found
C. will have found D. are finding
2.The conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted B. will have lasted
C. would last D. has lasted
1.He stepped into the office, _____ down and began to fill in the forms.
A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it
2.She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far.
A.haven’t heard B.didn’t hear C.hadn’t heard D.won’t hear
3.When I got to the cinema, the film____for ten minutes.
A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was
4.I’ll go with you as soon as I____my homework.
A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished
5.If it_____tomorrow,I won’t go to the cinema.
A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained
6.She is going to be a nurse when she_____up.
A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew
7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？
A.I have had this book for three months.
B.I have bought this book for three months.
C.I bought this book three months ago.
D.It is three months since I bought this book.
8.— Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
— Oh, how nice of you! I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.
A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going
C.didn’t think; were going D.had’t thought; were going
9.When I was at college I _____ three foreign languages,but I _____ all except for a few words of each.
A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten
10.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things ____.
A.has broken into; has been stolen
B.had broken into; had been stolen
C.has been broken into; stolen
D.had been broken into; stolen
11.The volleyball match will be put off if it____.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
12.Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
13.The students _____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.
A. had written; left B. were writing; has left
C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left
14. — Have you moved into the new house
— No yet, the rooms _____,
A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
15. — We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
— What do you suppose ____ to her
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. having happened
16. — Do you know our town at all
— No, this is the first time I _____ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
17. — We could have walked to the station.It was so near.
— Yes, A taxi _____ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
18.If city noises _____ from increasing, people _____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
19.Tom _____ into the house when no one _____.
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked
20.The last time I _____ Jane she ____ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picking
C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking
几种时态的替代问题
A：一般现在时代替将来时 ：
除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)
B：一般现在时代替完成时：
句型 “It is … since…”代替“It has been … since …” It is (= has been) five years since we last met
C：一般现在时代替进行时：
在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如：
Look, here comes Mr. Li.
祈使句中的动词问题
1. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
2. _____ some of this juice --- perhaps you’ll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
3. _____ at the door before entering, please.
A. knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock
4. _____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
D
B
D
B
1、现在时态
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ___ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A．was called B．is called
C．had been called D．has been called
2. I _____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play
since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
B
D
说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。
说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。
3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing.
People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money.
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示“不停的打电话”。
说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。
D
A
5. _____ my sister three times today but her line was always
busy.
A. I’d phoned B. I’ve been phoning
C. I’ve phoned D. I was phoning
6. --- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you
--- _____. How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t
C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
说明：此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。
说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。
C
D
7. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--- I am tired. I _____ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to
school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A had considered B has been considering
C considered D is going to consider
说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。
C
B
说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.
注意比较 It’s time that … 结构：
It is high time that we went to school.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing.
这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题 (1) --- Do you know our town at all --- No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
(2) --- Have you ____ been to our town before --- No, it’s the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come
C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
B
D
2、过去时
高考题点击：
1. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.
--- But she _____! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
2. My uncle _____ until he was forty-five.
married B. didn’t marry
C. was not marrying D. would marry
说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。
说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。
B
B
3. --- You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do
you like it
--- I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly
think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。
D
4. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep.
A. read … was falling B. was reading … fell
C. was reading … was falling D. read … fell
5. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without
undressing.
A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied
说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。
说明：该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay; lain”。lay 是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为 laid；lied 是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。
B
B
6. The little girl ____ her heart out because she ____ her toy
bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost
C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost
7. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the
school gate.
— Oh! I thought they ______ without me.
A．went B．are going C．have gone D．had gone
说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。
说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。
B
D
3、将来时
1. If a man _____ succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should
2. --- You’ve left the light on.
--- Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off. A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going
说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。
说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。
B
A
3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to
attend a meeting.
A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left
4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____
office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。
C
B
说明：by the time 表示“到……为止”“在……之前”，如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。
4、状语从句中的时态问题
1. --- Can I join the club, Dad
--- You can when you _____ a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if
they _____.
have survived B. are to survive
C. would survive D. will survive
说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。
A
B
3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he
_____ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
4. It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be, will know B. is, will know
C. will not be, know D. is, know
说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。
说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。
C
C
语态
时态 主动 被动
一般现在时 v. /v.s am /is /are + Vp.p
一般过去时 ved was / were + Vp.p
一般将来时 will + v. will be + Vp.p
过去将来时 would + v. would be + Vp.p
过去完成时 had + Vp.p had been + Vp.p
现在完成时 have /has + Vp.p have /has been + Vp.p
将来完成时 will have + Vp.p will have been + Vp.p
现在进行时 am /is / are + Ving am /is /are + being + Vp.p
过去进行时 was /were + Ving was /were + being + Vp.p
时态和语态的主要考点
1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。
2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；
主从句时态呼应问题。
3、几种时态的替代问题.
最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配
一般现在 every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday
现在进行 now,
现在完成 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently
一般过去 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
过去进行 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
过去完成 …before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
一般将来 next…, tomorrow, in…
过去将来 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作
1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作
1. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A .will play B. have played C. played D. play
2.---_____my glasses ----Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. would you see D. Have you seen
3.We will see to it that every child in the nation ____ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside.
A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get
1 一般现在时的用法
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。
①Knowledge begins with practice.
② She said that the sea water is salty.
③In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served
④----The girl ____ weight recently.
----Yes , she _____ too much.
has gained ,is eating B. gains ,eats
C. is gaining, ate D. is gaining ,eats
1 一般现在时的用法
3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等
The train leaves at three this afternoon.
4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
①If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside.
②----Put these glasses away before they _____.
----OK. I’ll put them in the cupboard.
A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken
③I’ve brought my tennis things along in case we _____ time for a game tomorrow.
A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have
④----Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green
-----You can when you _____ a bit more skilled.
A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get
2 一般过去时的用法
1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。
1.----Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）
----Well , it _____ me.
A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. hasn’t been D. hadn’t been
2.----I’ve bought a box of chocolates for our daughter. ---Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn’t like sweet things. _____ that
A. Don’t you know B. Haven’t you known
C. Didn’t you know D. Hadn’t you known
3.----Was Mary in the office when you arrived there
------Yes , but she _____soon afterwards.
A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave
2 一般过去时的用法
2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：
一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。
I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完）
② I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）
1.----Has Tommy finished his job yet
----I have no idea of it ; he ____ it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did
2.As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ______asleep.
A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell
3.All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____.
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
4.---I’m sorry , I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
-----You _____ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing.
3. 一般将来时
1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。
2 .表示将来时的四种形式
①will /shall +动词原形
②be going to do
③be about to do(正要干什么)
④be to do
① be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。
----The telephone is ringing.
----I _____ answer it.
A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to
---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday
---I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
②be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will 不能表示
Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain.
3. be to和be going to
①表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。
②be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
4．be about to do 表示“正要干什么…”，
表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。
常与when 连用，when 此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连词
构成句型： …be about to do …when….
I was about to leave when it rained.
特别注意
（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。
The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow, 但没有will ,be going to )
（2）某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
I’ve won a holiday for two to Floria. I ______my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been
4. 现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。
①I don’t really work here. I’m helping until the new secretary comes.
②Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology___ so rapidly.
A. will have changed B. has changed
C. is changing D. will change
③ ----Ann works very hard.
----In fact. I think she ______ just now.
A. studied B. is studying C. studies D. will stud
④ Please call again. Jim _____ a bath just now.
A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has
⑤My money _____. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before I’ve none in hand.
A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out
⑥I can guess you were in a hurry. You _____ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing
特殊用性：
现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。
We’re moving to the new building next week.
现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感彩。
You are always forgetting the important things.
1.You _____things about . Look, what a mess in you room!
A. always throw B. have always thrown
C. are always throwing D. have always been thrown
2.You ______ television. Why not do something more active
A. always watch B. are always watching
C. have always watched D. have always been watching
3．有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知觉、认应付，感情”等状态
存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain
所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold
知觉： sound(听起来)， look /seem /appear (看起来)， (看起来),
smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）,feel (摸起来) ， see , hear ,
认识： understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think
情感：like, love, hate , prefer,
5.过去进行时
1．表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。
1.---Hey ,look where you are going
-----Oh, I’m terribly sorry ._______.
A. I’m not noticing B. I don’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticing D. I was n’t noticing
2.-----Hey ,what did I say
-----I _________.
A. I’m not listening B. I was not listening C. I don’t listened D. I didn’t listen
2． 表示 过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。
③-----Why didn’t you join us last night
-----I _____ the live programs on the war between Iraq and the States.
A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have been watching
④----Why weren’t you at the meeting
----I ____ for a long –distance call from my father in Australia.
A. waited B. was waiting C. had waited D. have been
⑤ Good heavens ! There you are ! We ____ anxious about you . We ____ you back much earlier all through the night.
A. are , expect B. were, had expected
C. will be , are expecting D. have been , were expecting
⑥ ----You look tired.
----Yes. I non stop ____ until twelve o’clock.
A. am working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
3． 在简单句中有at that time, then , this time yesterday / last week, at 10 o’clock last night 等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。
I first met Lisa three years ago . She ____ at a radio shop at the time.
has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
特别注意：
与always连用，表示感彩。
My brother was always losing his key.
1. — Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about Don’t you like it
— I’m sorry I ______ any remark about it in time. I certainly think it’s smart.
A. wasn’t making B. don’t make
C. won’t make D. didn’t make
2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city ______ so rapidly all these years.
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
3. He ______ quite well, but he hasn’t had time to swim since this summer.
A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims
4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he ____by now.
A. hasn’t turned up B. doesn’t turn up
C. won’t turn up D. hadn’t turned up
5. I’m terribly sorry for being late, but I _____ the wrong bus.
A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching
7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _______ across the road when my car hit him.
A. was to walk B. had been walking
C. walked D. was walking
8. I really don’t think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _____.
A. is B. does C. will be D. has been
9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play
C. had played D. played
10. — Kate is in hospital.
— Oh, really I _______. ________ visit her.
A. didn’t know; I’ll go and B. don’t know; I’ll go and
C. don’t know; I’m going to D. didn’t know; I’m going to
11. — Where _______ the guidebook I can’t see it anywhere.
— I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have put
C. have you put; put D. were you putting; put
14. — Do you live in this city
— No, we ______ it for holidays.
A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited
15. — How is the old man now
— Sorry, he ______ though they did all they could to save him.
A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died
16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures ______.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
17. I’m afraid it will be two months ______.
A. when I come back B. when I’ll come back
C. before I come back D. before I’ll come back
18.The workers _____ busily when the boss came to look for something he ______ in the office.
A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left
C. working ; had left D. had worked; left
19.The notice ______ “No smoking”.
A. is told B. reads C. tells D. is read
6. 现在完成时
1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。
They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)
2． 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。
He hasn’t given me any more trouble since then.
②----When did he go to America
-----Oh, he ______ there since half a year ago.
A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was
③Shelly _____ California for Texas and ____ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.
A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , worked
④Collecting stamps as a hobby ____ increasingly popular during the past fifty years.]
A. becomes B. became C. has become D. had become
⑤ ----How are you today
---Oh , I ____ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
⑥ Rober ____ me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I ___ it .
A. had given, lost B. has given , have lost C. gave, have lost D. gives, lost
7.过去完成时
1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
请记住：
by the end of +过去时间
be the time +从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）
①The film had already begun when I got there.
②They had left before I returned.
③We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.)
2 表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
3 用于hardly …when ;no sooner …than …（一….就…）等句子中。
Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.
4 hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。
I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found.
我本希望能乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）
5 It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时）；
It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时）。
It is the first time that I’ve been here.
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.
6 用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you .
1. The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital.
A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died
2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
3. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.
A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become
C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become
4. I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped
5. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
8.现在完成进行时
构成：have /has been doing
表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。
----Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work
---Yes, that’ why I _____ to work by train.
A. have been going B. have gone
C. was going D. will have gone
9.将来完成时： will / shall +have done
表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如：
by the end of+将来时间的短语,
by the time +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时
We will have finished the work by the time he comes back..
10.一般将来进行时； will be dong / shall be doing
表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作
What will you be doing this time tomorrow
1.By the end of this month, we surely ____ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A. have found B. will be found
C. will have found D. are finding
2.The conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted B. will have lasted
C. would last D. has lasted
1.He stepped into the office, _____ down and began to fill in the forms.
A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it
2.She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far.
A.haven’t heard B.didn’t hear C.hadn’t heard D.won’t hear
3.When I got to the cinema, the film____for ten minutes.
A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was
4.I’ll go with you as soon as I____my homework.
A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished
5.If it_____tomorrow,I won’t go to the cinema.
A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained
6.She is going to be a nurse when she_____up.
A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew
7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？
A.I have had this book for three months.
B.I have bought this book for three months.
C.I bought this book three months ago.
D.It is three months since I bought this book.
8.— Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
— Oh, how nice of you! I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.
A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going
C.didn’t think; were going D.had’t thought; were going
9.When I was at college I _____ three foreign languages,but I _____ all except for a few words of each.
A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten
10.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things ____.
A.has broken into; has been stolen
B.had broken into; had been stolen
C.has been broken into; stolen
D.had been broken into; stolen
11.The volleyball match will be put off if it____.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
12.Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
13.The students _____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.
A. had written; left B. were writing; has left
C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left
14. — Have you moved into the new house
— No yet, the rooms _____,
A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
15. — We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
— What do you suppose ____ to her
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. having happened
16. — Do you know our town at all
— No, this is the first time I _____ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
17. — We could have walked to the station.It was so near.
— Yes, A taxi _____ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be
18.If city noises _____ from increasing, people _____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to
19.Tom _____ into the house when no one _____.
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked
20.The last time I _____ Jane she ____ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picking
C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking
几种时态的替代问题
A：一般现在时代替将来时 ：
除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)
B：一般现在时代替完成时：
句型 “It is … since…”代替“It has been … since …” It is (= has been) five years since we last met
C：一般现在时代替进行时：
在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如：
Look, here comes Mr. Li.
祈使句中的动词问题
1. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
2. _____ some of this juice --- perhaps you’ll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
3. _____ at the door before entering, please.
A. knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock
4. _____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
D
B
D
B
1、现在时态
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ___ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A．was called B．is called
C．had been called D．has been called
2. I _____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play
since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
B
D
说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。
说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。
3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing.
People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money.
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示“不停的打电话”。
说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。
D
A
5. _____ my sister three times today but her line was always
busy.
A. I’d phoned B. I’ve been phoning
C. I’ve phoned D. I was phoning
6. --- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you
--- _____. How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t
C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
说明：此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。
说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。
C
D
7. --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
--- I am tired. I _____ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to
school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A had considered B has been considering
C considered D is going to consider
说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。
C
B
说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.
注意比较 It’s time that … 结构：
It is high time that we went to school.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing.
这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题 (1) --- Do you know our town at all --- No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
(2) --- Have you ____ been to our town before --- No, it’s the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come
C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
B
D
2、过去时
高考题点击：
1. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.
--- But she _____! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
2. My uncle _____ until he was forty-five.
married B. didn’t marry
C. was not marrying D. would marry
说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。
说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。
B
B
3. --- You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do
you like it
--- I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly
think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。
D
4. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep.
A. read … was falling B. was reading … fell
C. was reading … was falling D. read … fell
5. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without
undressing.
A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied
说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。
说明：该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay; lain”。lay 是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为 laid；lied 是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。
B
B
6. The little girl ____ her heart out because she ____ her toy
bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost
C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost
7. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the
school gate.
— Oh! I thought they ______ without me.
A．went B．are going C．have gone D．had gone
说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。
说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。
B
D
3、将来时
1. If a man _____ succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should
2. --- You’ve left the light on.
--- Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off. A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going
说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。
说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。
B
A
3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to
attend a meeting.
A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left
4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____
office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left
说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。
C
B
说明：by the time 表示“到……为止”“在……之前”，如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。
4、状语从句中的时态问题
1. --- Can I join the club, Dad
--- You can when you _____ a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if
they _____.
have survived B. are to survive
C. would survive D. will survive
说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。
A
B
3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he
_____ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
4. It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be, will know B. is, will know
C. will not be, know D. is, know
说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。
说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。
C
C