2022届高三英语二轮专题复习：高考英语语法定语从句（一）课件(50张ppt)

(共50张PPT)
高考英语语法定语从句之宗师篇一
目录
考情分析
1.定语从句的考察
考察形式
考点
1.阅读理解中长难句分析
2.语法填空
3.书面表达
1.从句判断
2.关系词
3.主谓一致
敲黑板啦！！！
2.内容讲解
Which one is Bobby
set a goal
Warm-up
Which one is Bobby
The boy who is on the left is Bobby.
定语
形容词
介词短语
非谓语动词短语
前置I have a good friend.
后置I want to do something interesting.
后置The boy in white is my friend.
后置I don’t have a house to live in.
修饰名词或代词的成分
常译为“的”
句子
后置I like students who like English.

1.什么是定语？什么又是定语从句呢？
知识讲解
定语从句 （Attributive Clause）
一、概念：用来修饰名词或代词（作定语）的句子
Bobby is a smart boy.
Bobby is a boy who is very fat.
形容词作定语
句子作定语，修饰boy，叫做定语从句
知识讲解
Bobby is a boy who is very fat..
先行词
关系词
定语从句
先行词：被修饰的名词或代词
关系词：1.连接从句；2.替代先行词； 3.在从句从充当成分
知识讲解
指代事物 which that
指代人 who whom that
所属关系 whose
指地点 where
指时间 when
指原因 why
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
课前检测
下面属于定语从句的是（ ）
Martin is friendly to others, which makes him popular among his classmates.
My parents will do whatever they can to make me have a better future.
What happened last night is still unknown.
The boss tried to make a relaxing atmosphere where his employees can enjoy their work.
课前检测
下面属于定语从句的是（ ）
Martin is friendly to others, which makes him popular among his classmates.
My parents will do whatever they can to make me have a better future.
What happened last night is still unknown.
The boss tried to make a relaxing atmosphere where his employees can enjoy their work.
AD
1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
3.whose 通常指某人的，也可指某物的(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.
Please pass me the book whose (或of which) cover is green.
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
4.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
5.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom;指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning
The season that / which comes after spring is summer.
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
主语 宾语 定语
指人 who
that whom
who
that whose
（of whom）
指物 which
that which
that whose
（of which）
指人和物 that that whose
关系代词
Exercise
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress ____ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
4. The boy with _______ John spoke is my brother.
Exercise
1. I have a friend likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
4. The boy with _______ John spoke is my brother.
who/that
whom
whose
which/that
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
1.The school (which / that可省略) he once studied in is very famous.
2.The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I’ll bring here
the magazine (which / that可省略) you asked for.
3.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.
（二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of.
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.
2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.
（二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
小结：
1.介词后面是宾语，只能用宾格形式
2.介词后不用that引导词
（二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
（三）关系副词引导的定语从句
注意1：
where引导定语从句时，是表示地点或者抽象意义“在…方面”，本身在从句部分充当地点状语。
有些时候一些词会很抽象的用作地点，比如，case，stage，position，state，activity, business, occasion, situation, point等,但也要视情况而定。
（三）关系副词引导的定语从句
注意2：
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.
（三）关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词
when=on(in,during...)which
where=in,at...which
why=for which
介词+which
（三）关系副词引导的定语从句
1.The book has helped me greatly in my communication, especially at
work ______a good impression is a must.
2.My grandfather was born in the year ______World War Ⅱ broke out.
3.He didn't give the reason _____he is absent today.
Exercise
1.The book has helped me greatly in my communication, especially at
work ______ a good impression is a must.
2.My grandfather was born in the year ______World War Ⅱ broke out.
3.He didn't give the reason _____he is absent today.
Exercise
where
when
why
限制性定语从句
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
非限制性定语从句
These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.
（四）定语从句的分类

非限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明。
Mr. Wang is the headmaster of our school, who you saw at the meeting
yesterday.

限制 or 非限
限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号； 用逗号；
意义上 去掉后，
主句意义不完整； 去掉后，
主句意义完整；
作用 修饰限定； 补充说明，
不用that引导
定语从句关系词经典例题
1. My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.
2. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C, influenced the development of chopsticks.
定语从句关系词经典例题
1. My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.
2.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C, influenced the development of chopsticks.
when
who
考查非限制性定语从句，不缺主宾，先行词为时间
考查非限制性定语从句，缺主语，先行词为人
3. We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
4. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
定语从句关系词经典例题
3.We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the
beginning of the year.
4. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team
is a big challenge.
定语从句关系词经典例题
that/which
where
考查限制性定语从句，缺宾语，先行词为物
考查限制性定语从句，不缺宾语，先行词为抽象地点
as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，在句中做主语、宾语或表语。
Tom is not such an intelligent person as you think.
I want the same shirt as my friend bought yesterday.
（五）as引导的定语从句
As is known to all, Beijing is the capital of China.
Your request, as I mentioned above, will be discussed in the next meeting.
I have never heard such stories as he tells.
She is just the same person as she used to be.
含义 搭配 从句位置
正如
The same…as…
Such…as…
主句前
主句中
主句后
（五）as引导的定语从句
1. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent
in just one year.
2. You should show the same respect to my wife ______ you showed to me
yesterday.
（五）as引导的定语从句
1. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent
in just one year.
2. You should show the same respect to my wife ______ you showed to me
yesterday.
（五）as引导的定语从句
as
as
1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing，something, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰或限制时。如：
All that can be done has been done.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
（五）只能用that的情况
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4.当先行词被the very, the only，the same, the last修饰时。如：
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.
5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时用that，以避免重复。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate
6.当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
1.关系代词前有介词时且指事物时
I’m looking for a box in which I can put all these apples.
2.先行词本身就是that时
We don’t like that which he did.
3.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指物时
She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honour.
（五）只能用which的情况
EXERCISE
1. Simon is a comedian and actor ________has 10 years’ experience
of teaching comedy.
2. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the
Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of _______ have never before
been published.
3. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
EXERCISE
1. Simon is a comedian and actor ________has 10 years’ experience
of teaching comedy.
2. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the
Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of _______ have never before
been published.
3. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
who
which
whose
EXERCISE
4. I prefer to work in black and white, ________ allows me to show different
specific worlds more clearly.
5. The exact year _____________ Angela and her family spent
together in China was 2008.
6. As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time
________he should be able to be independent.
EXERCISE
4. I prefer to work in black and white, ________ allows me to show different
specific worlds more clearly.
which
5. The exact year _____________ Angela and her family spent together in
China was 2008.
6. As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time
________he should be able to be independent.
that/which
when
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
指物
who(主语、宾语)whom(宾语)
Which (主语、宾语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Summary
人/物
that（主语，宾语，表语）
whose（定语）as（主宾表）