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备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第12讲 O-P词汇，阅读精讲和图片作文 学生版
教学内容
进门小练笔Directions: Fill in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. THE TRANSPOR ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )TATION AUTHORITIES in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu province, are reportedly considering a 31 to cap the number of order for takeout deliverymen, many of whom have been 32 of violating traffic rules on a daily basis. Beijing News commented on Saturday:At least 242 traff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic accidents in the city in the first half of this year involved takeout deliverymen, resulting in 33 to about 170, prompting the local transportation authorities to tighten their 34 of such takeout deliveries.So the Nanjing autho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rities have good reason to intervene, but placing a cap on the number of takeout orders 35 to deliverymen is a questionable move. Deliverymen hired by most platforms are allowed to go for any order up for grabs even when they do not have enough time to finish the delivery.Many reckles ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s riders tend to disregard the traffic rules because failing to deliver an order within a given time - 36 around 20 minutes - can cost them one-third of the money they make. Such a rigid assessment mechanism 37 does not take into account any unavoidable delays.There is no d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oubt that timely deliveries must not come at the 38 of traffic order or the well-being of deliverymen. Food delivery service platforms need to provide proper training for their delivery staff to ensure they ride safely, as well as give them reasonable incentives and penalties. The local traffic enforcers can help food delivery companies to better manage their staff without 39 with their daily operations.In other wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds, limiting the number of takeout orders may overstep administrative boundaries. There are viable alternatives that are worth emulating, such as a code of conduct for deliverymen, along with a new management system that makes deliverymen 40 for their vehicles, most of which are currently registered under the name of their employers. A credit deduction policy that links the driving records of deliverymen with their pay might be another. 课堂导入素材源：sixthtone（原文有删改) https://www./news/1004983/chinese-celebs-are-taking-unruly-fans-to-court-for-defamation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )VocabularyDirections: Complete ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.initiated B. bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )osting C. worshipping D. involved E. occupations F. expanded G. inappropriate H. insulting I. spreading J. corporations K. reputational Chinese celebrities ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have had enough of keyboard warriors _____1__ false and malicious information online — so they’re taking them to court.Of the 1,075 dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )putes on______2____rights filed at the Beijing Internet Court between January and November this year, 125 were _____3____ by celebrities, according to a new report released Thursday.Most cases __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_4_____defamatory posts about the celebrities on social media platforms, including microblogging platform Weibo, popular messaging app WeChat, and review site Douban.A majority of the de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fendants were college students, while a “small proportion” were unemployed or hadn’t revealed their ___5____, according to the report.“We realize that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e involved youths usually have poor legal awareness, and most of them feel they can get away with their actions,” the report said.“Even when their o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nline comments are____6____, they (feel like they can) hide behind the sea of data and avoid being discovered or held responsible.”As China’s celebrity ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) culture has ____7____, so too have the armies of fans who use social media platforms to elevate the status of their beloved stars. For instance, Wang Junkai, the lead singer of China’s popular boy band TFBoys, has millions of fans and fan clubs voluntarily spending their time and money ____8___ his star power.While _____9____their idols, certain fans have also been fined for retaliating against comments criticizing their beloved stars. The court noted that netizens using ____10___ nicknames for celebrities — even via indirect references — would constitute defamation.In recent months, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) badly behaved fans have also made headlines for destroying public property while waiting for their idols at the airport or relentlessly contacting their favorite celebrity after purchasing their phone number online. And in October, 11 health care workers from a hospital in the eastern Jiangsu province were suspended for allegedly selling medical waste used by Singaporean pop star JJ Lin.【词汇讲解】 initiatev.to cause something to begin开始，创始例：Who initiated the violence 谁先使用暴力的？maliciousadj.intended to harm or upset other people恶意的，恶毒的，意在伤人的例：He complained that he'd been receiving malicious phone calls.他抱怨说他接二连三地接到恶意骚扰电话。defamatory adj.诽谤的damaging the repu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tation of a person or group by saying or writing bad things about them that are not true:例：He claims the remarks were highly defamatory.他说这个评价太诽谤人了。disputen.an argument or di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border（尤指劳资双方或相邻两国之间的）争执，争端，纠纷例：a bitter/long-running dispute激烈／长期的争执idoln.someone who is admired and respected very much偶像，明星例：a pop/sporting idol流行音乐／体育明星The Hollywood film ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idols of the 1940s were glamorous figures, adored by millions.20世纪40年代好莱坞的电影明星魅力四射，被无数人所崇拜。suspendv.to stop something ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from being active, either temporarily or permanently停止，暂停，中止例：The ferry serv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ice has been suspended for the day because of bad weather.因为天气恶劣，渡船已经停开了。The country's pre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sident has suspended the constitution and assumed total power.总统废除了宪法，独揽大权。headlinen.a line of words print ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in large letters as the title of a story in a newspaper, or the main points of the news that are broadcast on television or radio（报纸的）标题；（电视或广播的）内容提要例：The news of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his death was splashed in headlines across all the newspapers.所有报纸均以显着的标题刊登了他死亡的消息。worship v.to love, respect, an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d admire someone or something very much, often without noticing the bad qualities of that person or thing（常指盲目地）宠爱，崇拜，崇尚例：Her parents worship her.她的父母很宠爱她。As a child, I worshipped my older brother.还是孩子时，我很崇拜我的哥哥。精讲精练知识点一（考纲词汇0-P）【考纲词汇O-P】obedient adj. 服从的；顺从的objection n. 反对objectiveadj.客观的 n. 目的，目标oblige vt.强迫，迫使observation n.观察；注意obstacle n.障碍（物）occasion n.场合；时刻occasional adj.偶尔的occupation n.工作；职业occupy vt. 占据，占有offend vt.冒犯；得罪offensive adj.冒犯的omit vt.省略；遗漏opponent n.对手oppose vt.反对；反抗oppositen.对立面(物) adj.对面的,反对 adv.在对面opposition n.反对oppress vt.压迫，压制optionn.选择；选课origin n. 起源original adj.起初的; 原始的；原创的n.原作originate v.起源，创始otherwise adv/conj. 否则；不然outcome n. 结果outlinen.外形,轮廓；提纲vt.概述，概括outlook n.观点,看法；景色,景致overlook vt.忽视；俯瞰，眺望overtake v.超车；赶上，超过panic n/vi. 恐慌，惊慌participate vi.参加，参与passive adj.被动的，消极的pattern n. 模范；模式；式样；图案peculiar adj. 奇怪的；独特的permanent adj.永久的；长期不变的perseverance n.毅力persevere vi. 坚持不懈persuasion n.说服persuasive adj. 有说服力的phenomenon n.现象policy n.政策，方针positive adj.积极的；肯定的；明确的possess vt.占有,拥有；具有（品质等）postpone vt.推迟；使延期potentialadj.潜在的,可能的 n.潜力,可能性poverty-stricken adj.受贫困侵袭的,非常贫苦predict vt.预言，预报preferencen. 偏爱preservation n.保护；保存preserve vt.保护；保存preview v/n. 预习；试映；预展previous adj.先前的primary adj.初等的；主要的；基本的principaladj.主要的 n.校长principle n.原理; 原则priority n. 优先,重点；优先权privacy n. 隐私procedure n.程序；手续，步骤proceed vi. 继续进行processvt.处理，加工 n.过程；步骤productive adj. 多产的；富有成效的profit n.利润，利益 v.获利prohibit vt. 禁止, 阻止promotion n. 促进，促销；晋升proofn.证明，证据 adj. 耐…的；能防…的propose vt. 提议，建议prospectn.预期;可能性; (~s)前景；v.勘探，勘察protestn/v.抗议；异议psychology n. 心理学purchase n/vt. 购买pure adj. 纯的；纯净的；完美的purify vt.净化purity n. 纯净；纯洁pursue vt.追逐,追求；(继续)从事74. pursuit n. 追捕，追求知识点二（图表图片作文）图片类议论文写作1153月十三校联考作文Guided writingDirections: Write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given.请仔细观察图片，并写一篇作文。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )你的作文必须包括以下内容：简要描述图片内容谈谈该图片对你的启示As is vividly dep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icted in the cartoon, a man was showing a swimming duck to a little chicken as if he wanted it to swim like the duck, thus making the little chicken surprised and frightened because of its incapacity of swimming by nature. Ironic as it seems to be, it does reveal a screaming-for-attention problem that parents are pushing their kids too hard just as the man asked the poor chicken to do something beyond it.As far as I am c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oncerned, it’ s not wise of parents to force their kids to pursue excellence in a field that they’ re not good at by following others’ example blindly. Firstly, every kid is different, just as the chicken and duck belongs to different species, so there’ s no possibility that kids can be as skilled as their “goal” with their parents’ push. Secondly, pushing kids to be as successful as someone else can make them feel frustrated and at a loss because of their failure, which contribute to the lack of confidence (which may eventually contribute …). However, it is confidence that matters most when it comes to success. The lack of confidence will do tremendous damage to their overall wellbeing, which obviously many parents have ignored.All in all, both par ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents and kids should know better that their own strengths not others’ are what lead to kids’ success. It’ s high time that we put the brake on the push to “chickens” and let them develop their interest and potential of their own.表格类议论文写作2 假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了一项研究性学习调研，课题为“父母是否以子女为荣”，通过调研你校学生以及其父母，结构发现双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：1. 描述调研数据；2. 分析可能导致这一结果的原因。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )A survey conduct ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed recently has indicated that the parents who take pride in their children are twenty percent more than the children who consider themselves as pride of their parents. From my perspecti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve, there may exist two reasons accounting for this subtle distinction. To begin with, conservative Chinese parents are never accustomed to conveying directly how much they are proud of their kids. This tendency to conceal feelings hardly helps children develop a strong sense of self-confidence. Moreover, the current educational system excessively emphasizes the value of academic performance, thus forcing children to extensively believe that only by achieving excellent scores can they make their parents proud. This bias unfairly undermines the significance of talents for art and sports, which easily frustrates children and renders them more likely to underestimate themselves. Without the genui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne encouragement from parents and the reversal of exam-oriented educational methods, a kid would never end up having an overall wellbeing. (154ws)当堂检测相关翻译2021普陀一模72. 天气变冷，当心别感冒了。(as) 73. 焦虑的人总是会担心很多事情，无法睡个好觉。(too…to) 74. 汽车很快就可以通过 5G 网络互相对话，让司机意识到前方的危险。(which) 75. 据报道，我国在全国范围内开展在线学习活动，已有一千多万师生在网上学习平台注册。(launch) 温故知新III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase (hat best fits the context.The Benefits of Drinking WaterWater is an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )important part of a healthy diet and lifestyle, and the benefits of drinking water are nowadays drawing more and more attention. It helps to clean the body's interior and also aids in the (41)of oxygen and nutrients. In fact, nearly every system in our bodies (42) water for proper functioning. But what will happen if the water you drink every day is unhealthy In past decades, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(43) about tap water and its impact on overall health led some people to turn to bottled drinking water instead. (44) , in those days, there were few choices of bottled waters. As we have learned more about the water we drink, the technology behind drinking water filters and purification systems has (45) dramatically. There are filtering (过滤)devices to (46) impurities, chemicals, heavy metals, bacteria and everything you can think of. With the right size and filter combination for your specific home, your tap water can be (47) pure and healthy.Many people who c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hoose bottled drinking water understand that it is more expensive, but they are still willing to pay the extra money (48) bottled water is thought to be safer and healthier than filtered drinking water. After all, bottled water is often marketed as natural spring water or pure glacier water. (49) , few bottled waters come from natural springs, and most of them use municipal (市政的)tap water. The companies are able to (50) this false marketing because the regulations and standards for bottled drinking water are less strict than those for domestic drinking sources.So how do you tel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l if the water you are drinking now is really healthy With tap water, it is (51) easy. If your water comes from a municipal source, the suppliers are (52) by law to provide annual water quality reports. When it comes to bottled drinking waler, you'll feel more difficult to know what you are getting. If the label doesn't give any information, you can call the (53) and ask.Safe and healthy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) drinking water has become a big (54) . Before going out and spending your hard earned money for bottled drinking water that may be (55) our own tap water, it is obviously a good idea to do some research. You are likely to decide that a purifier is the healthier choice and provides the best value as well.41. A. conductionB. deliveryC. combinationD. transformation42. A. relics on13. takes upC. does withD. engages in43. A. problemsB. concernsC. conditionsD. events44. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. Otherwise45. A. fortedC. improvedD. challenged46. A. bumB. carryC. changeD. remove47. A. seeminglyB. exceptionallyC. incidentallyD. falsely48. A. thoughB. in caseC. becauseD. while49. A. In realityB. Tn personC. In advanceD. In addition50. A. come offB. run acrossC. put up withD. get away with51. A. relativelyB. terriblyC. graduallyD. sadly52. A. requiredB. forcedC. ruledD. allowed53. A. designerB. inventorC. bottlerD. explorer54. A. challengeB. careerC. argumentD. business55. A. no less thanB. no better thanC. no more thanD. no worse thanDirections: Read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Are we just thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king with our heads No. The human brain is just like a telephone switchboard (总机)，but not a whole system. Its function is to receive incoming signals, establish appropriate connections, and send the information to its destination. In order to provide efficient service, the body must function as a whole.But where is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he mind Is it in the brain Or the nervous system Can we say that the mind is in a particular place In fact, the mind is not a thing, not a leg, and not even a brain. Thinking is both a function and an activity. Aristotle, 2300 years ago, noted that the mind is to the body what the tool is to the worker. When the tool is not in use, there is no work. Charles Woolbert said that consciousness is what the body does.If this activ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity is necessary for thought, it is also necessary for the transmission of thought from one person to another. Observe how people conduct their daily conversations. If you've never taken the trouble to do this, you'll have a surprise waiting for you, because good conversationalists are almost always in motion. Their heads nodded and nodded, sometimes so violently that you wondered how their necks could withstand the strain. Even the legs and feet arc active. As for hands and arms, they rarely stay still for more than a few seconds at a time.Remember, these ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people are not giving speeches. They're just people, trying to get their points of view across. They have no sense of movement. Their language has not been studied. They're just human beings in a human environment, trying to adapt to the social environment. However, their conversation is not only verbal, but also visual, involving almost every muscle in the body. Briefly, because people are really thinking, the speaker must be everywhere if he is to succeed in getting people to think.56. Which of the following is the author's opinion A. Thinking is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )social phenomenon. B. Thinking is just a brain function.C. Thinking is the sum ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) total of bodily activity. D. Thinking is a function of the nervous system.57. Tn communication, it is necessary not only to use speech, but also.A. to use vari ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ous bodily movements B. to speak directly to the other personC. to make the o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther person listen D. to observe the other person's behavior58. It can be inferred ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from the passage that the basic function of bodily activity in speech is to.A. make the listeners deeply movedB. appeal to the sympathy of the audienceC. make the speaker understoodD. convey the speaker's implied meaning to the listeners59. The best title for the passage would be.A. Spoken Language B. Bodily CommunicationC. Spiritual Activity D. Proper Conversation(B)The Paint Creek Recr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eation Trail is the flagship pathway of a planned trail network in the Ohio counties of Fayette, Ross and Highland. Nearly 35 miles of paved trail are currently open linking the communities of Washington Court House, Frankfort and Chillicothe.The vast major ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity of the trail occupies a former railroad corridor acquired by the local nonprofit trails group in 1994. However, the trail docs leave the original corridor where the right-of-way could not be acquired from its current owners. The diversions arc usually short, with the longest stretch being a 2.5 mile stretch of highway cast of the Washington courthouse.Because most of the tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ails through rural Ohio are dominated by seemingly endless fields, trail users are exposed to the sun for long periods of time. Fortunately, the path occasionally winds through a more wooded corridor near local waterways, such as Paint Creek and the Scioto River.The Paint Creek Re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )creation Trail also passes through the downtown areas of the three towns along the way, offering many opportunities for rest and energy. Just before Chillicothe, trail users will want to stop at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. The Hopewell Mound Group, a part of the park visible from the trail along Sulphur Lick Road, features earthworks and tombs built by the local people nearly 2,000 years ago.The existing Pai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt Creek Recreation Trail will one day make a significant contribution to local leisure and transportation. There are plans nowadays to develop new trails along former railroad corridors from Washington courthouse northwest to the existing Xenia-Jamestown Connector, southwest to Wilmington and cast to Circleville in Pickaway County.60. Which of the following is true about the trail A. Most of the trail is not well remodeled.B. Most of the trail used to be a railway passage.C. Most of the trail goes through the centers of 13 towns.D. Most of the trail is close to the local railway lines.61. What's t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he prospect of this trail in the future according to the passage A. It will take on a new look. B. It will be part of a national historic park.C. It will be bought by a nonprofit company. D. It will play an important role in leisure and transportation.62. Where might this article come from A. An American website on travel. B. An English scientific magazine.C. A lecture by a professor of geography. D. A travelers' notebook.（C）A Universal Greeting: Shaking HandsA handshake seems ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to be a normal gesture. In fact, in the 9th century BC, an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser III clearly shows two figures holding hands. The Iliad, usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions that two characters “taking each other's hands and expressing their loyalty," Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It. Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.Historians who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have studied ancient etiquette （礼仪）books note that the modem handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends. But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier According to author T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orbjorn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World, the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake. The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace; King Shalmaneser 111 referred to a rebellion in which he signed a treaty with the King of Babylon. In the Iliad, Diomedes and Glaucus shook, hands when they realized they were guest-friends, and Diomedes declared: "Let's not try to kill each other." Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict.The modern handsh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake as a form of greeting is harder to trace. As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg — the chief authority for the history of handshaking — wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture, “More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues”.One of the earliest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clues he cites is a 16th-century German translation of the French writer Rabelais's Gargantua and Pantagruel. When one character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes, “He was greeted by countless hugs and countless good days." But according to Roodenburg, the 16th-century German translation added references to shaking hands.A popular saying ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) suggests that Cleland's statements against bowing were actually a wish to go back to a potentially traditional method of greeting in Europe. As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical （等级的）ways of greeting — like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around the same time, those who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.63. Why does the au ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thor mention Shakespeare in the first two paragraphs A. To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find.B. To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom.C. To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction.D. To explain the value of handshaking in communication.64. What can we learn about handshaking from the passage A. The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace.B. Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in Holland.C. It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement.D. It is a co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmon practice between people of different social positions.65. Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing is similar in meaning to "anthology" in Para. 4 A. the science ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of mental ability B. a collection of selected literary passagesC. a daily written ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) record of experiences D. all the living things of a particular region66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage A. The handshake ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands.B. Handshaking has d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifferent meanings in different European countries.C. Most Europeans prefer to shake hands rather than bow.D. Handshakes are now common between people of different positions.Section CDirections: Read t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. They also found cet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aceans gained and lost TSGs at a rate 2.4 times higher than in other mammals.B. If the whale ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) gene was injected into the human body, could humans fight cancer C. Some people deny th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at cetaceans can increase TSGs faster than other mammals.D. Why this happens remains a mystery.E. In contrast, cetac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eans have much lower cancer rates than most other mammals.F. But we still need to learn more about why and how they did this.Can Whales And Dolphins Fight Cancer Whales and dolphins ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve been shown to be better at fighting cancer than we are, and now we may be closer to understanding why cetaceans (鲸目动物)do it. Cetaceans arc generally the oldest living mammals, and some cetaceans have reached their 200th birthday. Their size means their bodies contain far more cells than the human body. (67) “If you have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more cells, that means that one of those cells has an increased risk of becoming cancerous." says Daniela Tejada-Martinez at the Austral University of Chile. "So, if you are big or live longer, you have thousands and millions of cells that could become harmful." (68) .“There's a joke th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at whales should be born with cancer and not even able to exist because they're just too big," says Vincent Lynch at the University at Buffalo, New York, lie says there is a super trivial explanation for how whales can exist. "They just evolved better cancer protection mechanisms," he says. (69) . Now, Tejada-Martinez a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd her colleagues have studied the evolution of 1077 tumor suppressor (肿瘤抑制)genes (TSGs). In all, they compared the evolution of the genes in 15 mammalian species, including seven cetacean species. Genes regulating DNA damage, tumor spread and the immune system were positively selected among the cetaceans. (70) "It's not like we're gonna be taking whale genes and putting them into humans and making humans cancer resistant," says Lynch. "But if you can find the genes that play a role in tumor suppression in other animals, and if you can figure out what they're doing, maybe you can make a drug that can be used to treat people."IV. Summary Writing71. Directio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Docs Kilimanjaro Still Have Its Beauty Kilimanjaro is a wat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ershed （分水岭）between Tanzania and Kenya. It is a volcano and a snowy mountain. Surrounded by mountain forests, Kilimanjaro is home to numerous mammals, some of which are endangered. Kilimanjaro was established as a national park in 1968 and was added to the World Heritage List in 1981. In the Tanzanians5 mind, Kilimanjaro is not just a bright mountain, and it is also an interesting mountain. Kilimanjaro is a world-famous tourist resort with the world's explorers and mountain enthusiasts gathering there.Every year abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut 40.000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I'm wondering about the place - other destinations arc described as purer natural experiences.However, I soon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. T find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.The best of a Kilima ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )njaro experience, in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends suddenly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes — low clouds envelope the mountainsides covered with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel （砾石），stones and rocks. Finally, you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro dese ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.V. TranslationDirections: T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ranslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 90%的人都无法拒绝这样的一种善意。(reject)73.在我小学的时候，我就对魔法故事深深着迷。(fascinate)74.将必要的书本、笔、以及其它工具放在可及的地方有利于集中学习。(within reach)75.电影《心灵奇旅》(Soul)想 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )象我们的性格是在一个卡通夏令营里产生的，那里有欢乐的小球和线条聚集在一 起，形成人类灵魂。(where)VT. Guided Writing76. Directio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.广西柳州城管(city in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spector)招聘，清华大学毕业生小韦前来报名，让招考人员惊讶不已。小韦最终以优 异成绩入选。面对如潮质疑，小韦则拿着录用通知书淡然一笑：“再不疯狂我们就老了！ "假如你是启明中学学生 李华，你所在的学校将就这个新闻举行演讲比赛，你报名参赛。你的演讲稿需包括：1.简单介绍这则新闻；2.你是否认同小韦的做法，阐明观点并说明理由。
A. injuries B. normally C. regulation D. interfering
E. assigned F. control G. cost H. charged
I. accused J. responsible K. apparently
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进门小练笔Directions: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. THE TRANSPORTATION ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )AUTHORITIES in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu province, are reportedly considering a 31 to cap the number of order for takeout deliverymen, many of whom have been 32 of violating traffic rules on a daily basis. Beijing News commented on Saturday:At least 242 t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raffic accidents in the city in the first half of this year involved takeout deliverymen, resulting in 33 to about 170, prompting the local transportation authorities to tighten their 34 of such takeout deliveries.So the Nanjin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g authorities have good reason to intervene, but placing a cap on the number of takeout orders 35 to deliverymen is a questionable move. Deliverymen hired by most platforms are allowed to go for any order up for grabs even when they do not have enough time to finish the delivery.Many reckless rid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers tend to disregard the traffic rules because failing to deliver an order within a given time - 36 around 20 minutes - can cost them one-third of the money they make. Such a rigid assessment mechanism 37 does not take into account any unavoidable delays.There is no doubt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that timely deliveries must not come at the 38 of traffic order or the well-being of deliverymen. Food delivery service platforms need to provide proper training for their delivery staff to ensure they ride safely, as well as give them reasonable incentives and penalties. The local traffic enforcers can help food delivery companies to better manage their staff without 39 with their daily operations.In other words, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) limiting the number of takeout orders may overstep administrative boundaries. There are viable alternatives that are worth emulating, such as a code of conduct for deliverymen, along with a new management system that makes deliverymen 40 for their vehicles, most of which are currently registered under the name of their employers. A credit deduction policy that links the driving records of deliverymen with their pay might be another.答案：31-35：CIAFE 36-40：BKGDJ解析：31.此处考虑用一个名词，只 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能从ACFG中选择。根据句子的主语THE TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES是一个交通政府部门，所以他们考虑的应该是一个规章制度，因为选C。32.空后面是一个介词of，而我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们应该想到一个固定搭配：accuse sb of doing sth.(因某事而指责某人) 此处的主语为人，那应该为sb be accused of doing sth. 翻译为：他们中的一些人因为违反了交通规则而被指责.33.result in后面可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以跟doing/sth. 可以从AFGD中寻找，根据主句所表的意思其中242起交通事故中有一个是与外卖派送员相关的，因此此处可以想到与伤害有关系的单词，此处应该为injuries.34根据句子成分分析，此处为名词。主语为交通政府部分应该对这种外卖送货的控制，因为前面已经提到了发生了很多起交通事故.管理和控制势在必行。35.根据句子结构分析，此处应该是修饰tak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eout orders的，对于一个什么样外卖定单的数量做一个控制的上限呢，后面又与外派员有关系的，由此可以想到assigned to sb. 过去分词做takeout orders的后置定语。36.此空应该考虑填一个副词。有一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )破折号是对a given time的解释和说明。副词可以考虑CK，通过代入，只有B可以说得通，通常为20为钟左右。37.根据句子成分分析，此处应该 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为副词。因为只有2个副词， normally已用，所以此处只能填apparently，此句意思为：这种非常严格的评判机制明显地没有考虑到一些不可必免的拖延。38.此处应该填一个名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，根据句意：及时的派送制度肯定没有考虑到交通秩序的代价和派送员的安全幸福。因为后面提到Food delivery service platforms need to provide proper training for their delivery staff to ensure they ride safely. 可以得知确保他们的安全是很重要的。39.介词后面要跟doing或者n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). 因为根据句意理解本地的管理者应该去帮助这些外卖公司更好的管理他们的员工，而不是去干涉他们每日的正常工作运转。文中的help很重要，与without interfering正好互应。40.空后面有一个介词for, 很重要.根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )固定搭配be responsible for为…负责。再根据句意，伴随着一个新的使外派员可以为自己的车辆负责的系统，由此可以推断选J.课堂导入素材源：sixthtone（原文有删改) https://www./news/1004983/chinese-celebs-are-taking-unruly-fans-to-court-for-defamation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )VocabularyDirections: Complete ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.initiated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. boosting C. worshipping D. involved E. occupations F. expanded G. inappropriate H. insulting I. spreading J. corporations K. reputational Chinese cele ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )brities have had enough of keyboard warriors _____1__ false and malicious information online — so they’re taking them to court.Of the 1,075 disputes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on______2____rights filed at the Beijing Internet Court between January and November this year, 125 were _____3____ by celebrities, according to a new report released Thursday.Most cases ___4_____defamatory posts about the celebrities on social media platforms, including microblogging platform Weibo, popular messaging app WeChat, and review site Douban.A majority of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the defendants were college students, while a “small proportion” were unemployed or hadn’t revealed their ___5____, according to the report.“We realize t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the involved youths usually have poor legal awareness, and most of them feel they can get away with their actions,” the report said.“Even when t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heir online comments are____6____, they (feel like they can) hide behind the sea of data and avoid being discovered or held responsible.”As China’s celebrity ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )culture has ____7____, so too have the armies of fans who use social media platforms to elevate the status of their beloved stars. For instance, Wang Junkai, the lead singer of China’s popular boy band TFBoys, has millions of fans and fan clubs voluntarily spending their time and money ____8___ his star power.While _____9____their idols, certain fans have also been fined for retaliating against comments criticizing their beloved stars. The court noted that netizens using ____10___ nicknames for celebrities — even via indirect references — would constitute defamation.In recent months, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) badly behaved fans have also made headlines for destroying public property while waiting for their idols at the airport or relentlessly contacting their favorite celebrity after purchasing their phone number online. And in October, 11 health care workers from a hospital in the eastern Jiangsu province were suspended for allegedly selling medical waste used by Singaporean pop star JJ Lin.【词汇讲解】 initiatev.to cause something to begin开始，创始例：Who initiated the violence 谁先使用暴力的？maliciousadj.intended to harm or upset other people恶意的，恶毒的，意在伤人的例：He complained that he'd been receiving malicious phone calls.他抱怨说他接二连三地接到恶意骚扰电话。defamatory adj.诽谤的damaging the rep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utation of a person or group by saying or writing bad things about them that are not true:例：He claims the remarks were highly defamatory.他说这个评价太诽谤人了。disputen.an argument or disag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border（尤指劳资双方或相邻两国之间的）争执，争端，纠纷例：a bitter/long-running dispute激烈／长期的争执idoln.someone who is admired and respected very much偶像，明星例：a pop/sporting idol流行音乐／体育明星The Hollywood fil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m idols of the 1940s were glamorous figures, adored by millions.20世纪40年代好莱坞的电影明星魅力四射，被无数人所崇拜。suspendv.to stop something ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from being active, either temporarily or permanently停止，暂停，中止例：The ferry service ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has been suspended for the day because of bad weather.因为天气恶劣，渡船已经停开了。The country's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )president has suspended the constitution and assumed total power.总统废除了宪法，独揽大权。headlinen.a line of words printe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in large letters as the title of a story in a newspaper, or the main points of the news that are broadcast on television or radio（报纸的）标题；（电视或广播的）内容提要例：The news of his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )death was splashed in headlines across all the newspapers.所有报纸均以显着的标题刊登了他死亡的消息。worship v.to love, respect, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd admire someone or something very much, often without noticing the bad qualities of that person or thing（常指盲目地）宠爱，崇拜，崇尚例：Her parents worship her.她的父母很宠爱她。As a child, I worshipped my older brother.还是孩子时，我很崇拜我的哥哥。【参考答案】1-5 IKADE 6-10 GFBCH【答案详解】该题需要一个ving, 根据意思中国的名人已经受够了键盘侠在网上传播的虚假和恶意信息，要把他们告上法庭。所以选择I。该题需要一个形容词，根据意思周四发布的一份新报告显示，今年1月至11月，在北京互联网法院受理的1075起名誉权纠纷。所以选择K。该题需要一个动词过去分词，根据意思在北京互联网法院受理的1075起名誉权纠纷中，有125起是由名人发起的。所以选择A。该题需要动词过去式，根据意思大多数案件涉及社交媒体平台上有关名人的诽谤性帖子，包括微博、微信和评论网站豆瓣。所以选择D。该题需要一个名词，根据意思根据这份报告，大多数被告是大学生，而“一小部分”是失业者或没有透露自己的职业。所以选择E。该题需要形容词，根据意思即使他们的网上评论是不恰当的，他们也会躲在海量数据背后，避免被发现或被追究责任。”所以选择G。该题需要一个动词过去分词，根据意思随着中国名人文化的发展，所以选择F。该题需要一个ving,根据意思中国流行男团 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )TFBoys的主唱王俊凯就拥有数百万粉丝和粉丝俱乐部，粉丝们自愿投入时间和金钱来提升自己的明星影响力。所以选择B。该题需要一个ving，根据意思在崇拜偶像的同时，一些粉丝还因对批评偶像的反对言论进行报复而被罚款。所以选择C。该题需要一个形容词，根据意思法院指出，网民对名人使用侮辱性昵称——即使是间接引用——将构成诽谤。所以选择H。 精讲精练知识点一（考纲词汇0-P）【考纲词汇O-P】obedient adj. 服从的；顺从的objection n. 反对objectiveadj.客观的 n. 目的，目标oblige vt.强迫，迫使observation n.观察；注意obstacle n.障碍（物）occasion n.场合；时刻occasional adj.偶尔的occupation n.工作；职业occupy vt. 占据，占有offend vt.冒犯；得罪offensive adj.冒犯的omit vt.省略；遗漏opponent n.对手oppose vt.反对；反抗oppositen.对立面(物) adj.对面的,反对 adv.在对面opposition n.反对oppress vt.压迫，压制optionn.选择；选课origin n. 起源original adj.起初的; 原始的；原创的n.原作originate v.起源，创始otherwise adv/conj. 否则；不然outcome n. 结果outlinen.外形,轮廓；提纲vt.概述，概括outlook n.观点,看法；景色,景致overlook vt.忽视；俯瞰，眺望overtake v.超车；赶上，超过panic n/vi. 恐慌，惊慌participate vi.参加，参与passive adj.被动的，消极的pattern n. 模范；模式；式样；图案peculiar adj. 奇怪的；独特的permanent adj.永久的；长期不变的perseverance n.毅力persevere vi. 坚持不懈persuasion n.说服persuasive adj. 有说服力的phenomenon n.现象policy n.政策，方针positive adj.积极的；肯定的；明确的possess vt.占有,拥有；具有（品质等）postpone vt.推迟；使延期potentialadj.潜在的,可能的 n.潜力,可能性poverty-stricken adj.受贫困侵袭的,非常贫苦predict vt.预言，预报preferencen. 偏爱preservation n.保护；保存preserve vt.保护；保存preview v/n. 预习；试映；预展previous adj.先前的primary adj.初等的；主要的；基本的principaladj.主要的 n.校长principle n.原理; 原则priority n. 优先,重点；优先权privacy n. 隐私procedure n.程序；手续，步骤proceed vi. 继续进行processvt.处理，加工 n.过程；步骤productive adj. 多产的；富有成效的profit n.利润，利益 v.获利prohibit vt. 禁止, 阻止promotion n. 促进，促销；晋升proofn.证明，证据 adj. 耐…的；能防…的propose vt. 提议，建议prospectn.预期;可能性; (~s)前景；v.勘探，勘察protestn/v.抗议；异议psychology n. 心理学purchase n/vt. 购买pure adj. 纯的；纯净的；完美的purify vt.净化purity n. 纯净；纯洁pursue vt.追逐,追求；(继续)从事74. pursuit n. 追捕，追求知识点二（图表图片作文）图片类议论文写作1153月十三校联考作文Guided writingDirections: Write an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given.请仔细观察图片，并写一篇作文。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )你的作文必须包括以下内容：简要描述图片内容谈谈该图片对你的启示As is vividly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) depicted in the cartoon, a man was showing a swimming duck to a little chicken as if he wanted it to swim like the duck, thus making the little chicken surprised and frightened because of its incapacity of swimming by nature. Ironic as it seems to be, it does reveal a screaming-for-attention problem that parents are pushing their kids too hard just as the man asked the poor chicken to do something beyond it.As far as I am conce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rned, it’ s not wise of parents to force their kids to pursue excellence in a field that they’ re not good at by following others’ example blindly. Firstly, every kid is different, just as the chicken and duck belongs to different species, so there’ s no possibility that kids can be as skilled as their “goal” with their parents’ push. Secondly, pushing kids to be as successful as someone else can make them feel frustrated and at a loss because of their failure, which contribute to the lack of confidence (which may eventually contribute …). However, it is confidence that matters most when it comes to success. The lack of confidence will do tremendous damage to their overall wellbeing, which obviously many parents have ignored.All in all, both ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) parents and kids should know better that their own strengths not others’ are what lead to kids’ success. It’ s high time that we put the brake on the push to “chickens” and let them develop their interest and potential of their own.表格类议论文写作2 假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为“父母是否以子女为荣”，通过调研你校学生以及其父母，结构发现双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：1. 描述调研数据；2. 分析可能导致这一结果的原因。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )A survey conduc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted recently has indicated that the parents who take pride in their children are twenty percent more than the children who consider themselves as pride of their parents. From my perspect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive, there may exist two reasons accounting for this subtle distinction. To begin with, conservative Chinese parents are never accustomed to conveying directly how much they are proud of their kids. This tendency to conceal feelings hardly helps children develop a strong sense of self-confidence. Moreover, the current educational system excessively emphasizes the value of academic performance, thus forcing children to extensively believe that only by achieving excellent scores can they make their parents proud. This bias unfairly undermines the significance of talents for art and sports, which easily frustrates children and renders them more likely to underestimate themselves. Without the ge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nuine encouragement from parents and the reversal of exam-oriented educational methods, a kid would never end up having an overall wellbeing. (154ws)当堂检测相关翻译2021普陀一模72. 天气变冷，当心别感冒了。(as) 73. 焦虑的人总是会担心很多事情，无法睡个好觉。(too…to) 74. 汽车很快就可以通过 5G 网络互相对话，让司机意识到前方的危险。(which) 75. 据报道，我国在全国范围内开展在线学习活动，已有一千多万师生在网上学习平台注册。(launch) 答案 72. Be careful not to catch a cold as it’s getting cold. 73. Anxious people worry too much to get a good night’ssleep. 74. Cars could soon b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e communicating with each other over a 5G network, which makes drivers aware of upcoming dangers. 75. It is repo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rted that China has launched online learning activities nationwide, with more than ten million teachers and students signing up for online learning platforms.温故知新III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For eac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase (hat best fits the context.The Benefits of Drinking WaterWater is an import ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ant part of a healthy diet and lifestyle, and the benefits of drinking water are nowadays drawing more and more attention. It helps to clean the body's interior and also aids in the (41)of oxygen and nutrients. In fact, nearly every system in our bodies (42) water for proper functioning. But what will happen if the water you drink every day is unhealthy In past decades, (43 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) about tap water and its impact on overall health led some people to turn to bottled drinking water instead. (44) , in those days, there were few choices of bottled waters. As we have learned more about the water we drink, the technology behind drinking water filters and purification systems has (45) dramatically. There are filtering (过滤)devices to (46) impurities, chemicals, heavy metals, bacteria and everything you can think of. With the right size and filter combination for your specific home, your tap water can be (47) pure and healthy.Many people w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ho choose bottled drinking water understand that it is more expensive, but they are still willing to pay the extra money (48) bottled water is thought to be safer and healthier than filtered drinking water. After all, bottled water is often marketed as natural spring water or pure glacier water. (49) , few bottled waters come from natural springs, and most of them use municipal (市政的)tap water. The companies are able to (50) this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )false marketing because the regulations and standards for bottled drinking water are less strict than those for domestic drinking sources.So how do you tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) if the water you are drinking now is really healthy With tap water, it is (51) easy. If your water comes from a municipal source, the suppliers are (52) by law to provide annual water quality reports. When it comes to bottled drinking waler, you'll feel more difficult to know what you are getting. If the label doesn't give any information, you can call the (53) and ask.Safe and healthy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )drinking water has become a big (54) . Before going out and spending your hard earned money for bottled drinking water that may be (55) our own tap water, it is obviously a good idea to do some research. You are likely to decide that a purifier is the healthier choice and provides the best value as well.41. A. conductionB. deliveryC. combinationD. transformation42. A. relics on13. takes upC. does withD. engages in43. A. problemsB. concernsC. conditionsD. events44. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. Otherwise45. A. fortedC. improvedD. challenged46. A. bumB. carryC. changeD. remove47. A. seeminglyB. exceptionallyC. incidentallyD. falsely48. A. thoughB. in caseC. becauseD. while49. A. In realityB. Tn personC. In advanceD. In addition50. A. come offB. run acrossC. put up withD. get away with51. A. relativelyB. terriblyC. graduallyD. sadly52. A. requiredB. forcedC. ruledD. allowed53. A. designerB. inventorC. bottlerD. explorer54. A. challengeB. careerC. argumentD. business55. A. no less thanB. no better thanC. no more thanD. no worse thanDirections: Rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Are we just thinking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with our heads No. The human brain is just like a telephone switchboard (总机)，but not a whole system. Its function is to receive incoming signals, establish appropriate connections, and send the information to its destination. In order to provide efficient service, the body must function as a whole.But where is the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind Is it in the brain Or the nervous system Can we say that the mind is in a particular place In fact, the mind is not a thing, not a leg, and not even a brain. Thinking is both a function and an activity. Aristotle, 2300 years ago, noted that the mind is to the body what the tool is to the worker. When the tool is not in use, there is no work. Charles Woolbert said that consciousness is what the body does.If this activity is n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecessary for thought, it is also necessary for the transmission of thought from one person to another. Observe how people conduct their daily conversations. If you've never taken the trouble to do this, you'll have a surprise waiting for you, because good conversationalists are almost always in motion. Their heads nodded and nodded, sometimes so violently that you wondered how their necks could withstand the strain. Even the legs and feet arc active. As for hands and arms, they rarely stay still for more than a few seconds at a time.Remember, thes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e people are not giving speeches. They're just people, trying to get their points of view across. They have no sense of movement. Their language has not been studied. They're just human beings in a human environment, trying to adapt to the social environment. However, their conversation is not only verbal, but also visual, involving almost every muscle in the body. Briefly, because people are really thinking, the speaker must be everywhere if he is to succeed in getting people to think.56. Which of the following is the author's opinion A. Thinking is a soc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ial phenomenon. B. Thinking is just a brain function.C. Thinking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is the sum total of bodily activity. D. Thinking is a function of the nervous system.57. Tn communication, it is necessary not only to use speech, but also.A. to use various ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bodily movements B. to speak directly to the other personC. to make the o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther person listen D. to observe the other person's behavior58. It can be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) inferred from the passage that the basic function of bodily activity in speech is to.A. make the listeners deeply movedB. appeal to the sympathy of the audienceC. make the speaker understoodD. convey the speaker's implied meaning to the listeners59. The best title for the passage would be.A. Spoken Language B. Bodily CommunicationC. Spiritual Activity D. Proper Conversation(B)The Paint Creek ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Recreation Trail is the flagship pathway of a planned trail network in the Ohio counties of Fayette, Ross and Highland. Nearly 35 miles of paved trail are currently open linking the communities of Washington Court House, Frankfort and Chillicothe.The vast majority ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the trail occupies a former railroad corridor acquired by the local nonprofit trails group in 1994. However, the trail docs leave the original corridor where the right-of-way could not be acquired from its current owners. The diversions arc usually short, with the longest stretch being a 2.5 mile stretch of highway cast of the Washington courthouse.Because most o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the trails through rural Ohio are dominated by seemingly endless fields, trail users are exposed to the sun for long periods of time. Fortunately, the path occasionally winds through a more wooded corridor near local waterways, such as Paint Creek and the Scioto River.The Paint Creek Recre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation Trail also passes through the downtown areas of the three towns along the way, offering many opportunities for rest and energy. Just before Chillicothe, trail users will want to stop at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. The Hopewell Mound Group, a part of the park visible from the trail along Sulphur Lick Road, features earthworks and tombs built by the local people nearly 2,000 years ago.The existing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Paint Creek Recreation Trail will one day make a significant contribution to local leisure and transportation. There are plans nowadays to develop new trails along former railroad corridors from Washington courthouse northwest to the existing Xenia-Jamestown Connector, southwest to Wilmington and cast to Circleville in Pickaway County.60. Which of the following is true about the trail A. Most of the trail is not well remodeled.B. Most of the trail used to be a railway passage.C. Most of the trail goes through the centers of 13 towns.D. Most of the trail is close to the local railway lines.61. What's the prospec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of this trail in the future according to the passage A. It will take on a new look. B. It will be part of a national historic park.C. It will be bought by a nonprofit company. D. It will play an important role in leisure and transportation.62. Where might this article come from A. An American website on travel. B. An English scientific magazine.C. A lecture by a professor of geography. D. A travelers' notebook.（C）A Universal Greeting: Shaking HandsA handshake ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seems to be a normal gesture. In fact, in the 9th century BC, an ancient site during the ruling of Shalmaneser III clearly shows two figures holding hands. The Iliad, usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions that two characters “taking each other's hands and expressing their loyalty," Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the book As You Like It. Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.Historians who have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )studied ancient etiquette （礼仪）books note that the modem handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends. But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier According to author ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Torbjorn Lundmark in his Tales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the World, the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake. The early handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace; King Shalmaneser 111 referred to a rebellion in which he signed a treaty with the King of Babylon. In the Iliad, Diomedes and Glaucus shook, hands when they realized they were guest-friends, and Diomedes declared: "Let's not try to kill each other." Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict.The modern handsha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke as a form of greeting is harder to trace. As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg — the chief authority for the history of handshaking — wrote in a chapter of an anthology called A Cultural History of Gesture, “More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the most of only a few clues”.One of the ear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )liest clues he cites is a 16th-century German translation of the French writer Rabelais's Gargantua and Pantagruel. When one character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes, “He was greeted by countless hugs and countless good days." But according to Roodenburg, the 16th-century German translation added references to shaking hands.A popular say ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing suggests that Cleland's statements against bowing were actually a wish to go back to a potentially traditional method of greeting in Europe. As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical （等级的）ways of greeting — like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around the same time, those who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.63. Why does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the author mention Shakespeare in the first two paragraphs A. To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find.B. To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom.C. To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction.D. To explain the value of handshaking in communication.64. What can we learn about handshaking from the passage A. The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace.B. Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in Holland.C. It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement.D. It is a common p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ractice between people of different social positions.65. Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) following is similar in meaning to "anthology" in Para. 4 A. the science o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f mental ability B. a collection of selected literary passagesC. a daily written ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) record of experiences D. all the living things of a particular region66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage A. The handshake ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands.B. Handshaking ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s different meanings in different European countries.C. Most Europeans prefer to shake hands rather than bow.D. Handshakes are now common between people of different positions.Section CDirections: Read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. They also found c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etaceans gained and lost TSGs at a rate 2.4 times higher than in other mammals.B. If the whale gene w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as injected into the human body, could humans fight cancer C. Some people d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eny that cetaceans can increase TSGs faster than other mammals.D. Why this happens remains a mystery.E. In contrast, cet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aceans have much lower cancer rates than most other mammals.F. But we still need to learn more about why and how they did this.Can Whales And Dolphins Fight Cancer Whales and dol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )phins have been shown to be better at fighting cancer than we are, and now we may be closer to understanding why cetaceans (鲸目动物)do it. Cetaceans arc generally the oldest living mammals, and some cetaceans have reached their 200th birthday. Their size means their bodies contain far more cells than the human body. (67) “If you have mor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e cells, that means that one of those cells has an increased risk of becoming cancerous." says Daniela Tejada-Martinez at the Austral University of Chile. "So, if you are big or live longer, you have thousands and millions of cells that could become harmful." (68) .“There's a joke t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat whales should be born with cancer and not even able to exist because they're just too big," says Vincent Lynch at the University at Buffalo, New York, lie says there is a super trivial explanation for how whales can exist. "They just evolved better cancer protection mechanisms," he says. (69) . Now, Tejada-Marti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nez and her colleagues have studied the evolution of 1077 tumor suppressor (肿瘤抑制)genes (TSGs). In all, they compared the evolution of the genes in 15 mammalian species, including seven cetacean species. Genes regulating DNA damage, tumor spread and the immune system were positively selected among the cetaceans. (70) "It's not like we're gonna be taking whale genes and putting them into humans and making humans cancer resistant," says Lynch. "But if you can find the genes that play a role in tumor suppression in other animals, and if you can figure out what they're doing, maybe you can make a drug that can be used to treat people."IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ead the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Docs Kilimanjaro Still Have Its Beauty Kilimanjaro is a w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atershed （分水岭）between Tanzania and Kenya. It is a volcano and a snowy mountain. Surrounded by mountain forests, Kilimanjaro is home to numerous mammals, some of which are endangered. Kilimanjaro was established as a national park in 1968 and was added to the World Heritage List in 1981. In the Tanzanians5 mind, Kilimanjaro is not just a bright mountain, and it is also an interesting mountain. Kilimanjaro is a world-famous tourist resort with the world's explorers and mountain enthusiasts gathering there.Every year about 40.0 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )00 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I'm wondering about the place - other destinations arc described as purer natural experiences.However, I so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. T find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.The best of a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends suddenly at 3, 000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes — low clouds envelope the mountainsides covered with thick grass. I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel （砾石），stones and rocks. Finally, you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.V. TranslationDirections: Trans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )late the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 90%的人都无法拒绝这样的一种善意。(reject)73.在我小学的时候，我就对魔法故事深深着迷。(fascinate)74.将必要的书本、笔、以及其它工具放在可及的地方有利于集中学习。(within reach)75.电影《心灵奇旅》(Sou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l)想象我们的性格是在一个卡通夏令营里产生的，那里有欢乐的小球和线条聚集在一 起，形成人类灵魂。(where)VT. Guided Writing76. Directions: Write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.广西柳州城管(city ins ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pector)招聘，清华大学毕业生小韦前来报名，让招考人员惊讶不已。小韦最终以优 异成绩入选。面对如潮质疑，小韦则拿着录用通知书淡然一笑：“再不疯狂我们就老了！ "假如你是启明中学学生 李华，你所在的学校将就这个新闻举行演讲比赛，你报名参赛。你的演讲稿需包括：1.简单介绍这则新闻；2.你是否认同小韦的做法，阐明观点并说明理由。III. Reading Comprehension41-45 BABAC 46-50 DBCAD 51-55 AACDB56-59 CACB 60-62 BDA 63-66 BCBC67-70 DEFAIV. Summary WritingKilimanjaro, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )highest mountain in Africa, is a world-famous tourist attraction. The beauty of Kilimanjaro is believed to have been spoiled by pollution because explorers and climbers throughout the world gather there every year. Bui later Kilimanjaro is found to own good ecological environments with the efforts of the park administrators. So, Kilimanjaro doesn't deserve that kind of bad reputation. (60 words) V. Translation72. 90% of people can't reject that kind of kindness.73. When 1 w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as in elementary school, I was deeply fascinated by magic stories.74. Keeping a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll the required books, pens, and other instruments within reach helps you to stay focused on studying.75. Soul ima ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gines how our personalities are created at a cartoony summer camp, where happy little balls and lines come together to from the human soul.
A. injuries B. normally C. regulation D. interfering
E. assigned F. control G. cost H. charged
I. accused J. responsible K. apparently
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