中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第16讲 一轮综合复习（一） 学生版
教学内容
进门小练笔Unit 1 Tenses and Voices of VerbsFill in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blanks with proper forms of verbs in the brackets to make the sentences complete:1. You’d better wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te down her phone number before you ____________ (forget) it. 2. Sofia looke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d around at all the faces: she had the impression that she ____________ (see) most of the guests before. 3. The number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____________ (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables. 4. ----Where ____________ you ____________ (put) the recorder I can not see it anywhere. -----I____________ (put) it right here. But now it is gone! 5. --- Peter, do y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou know who ____________ (take) away my dictionary 6. We won’t s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tart the work until all the preparations ____________.(make) 7. During his sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ____________ (recommend). 8. The new Hukou pol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icy, according to some experts ____________ (serve) to attract more high-end talents to contribute to Shanghai’s development. Ms Chen ____________ (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. I was certai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n she would like it because I ____________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. The exam, wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ich was originally to be held in our classroom, ____________ (change) to the library at the last minute. I had to leave work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to take him to the hospital because he ____________ (break) his finger. The child, Nicol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Hobson, ____________ (take) by her mother to Children’s Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check. A transit spok ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esman said the driver should ____________ (make) radio call to the control center for help. An official from the M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inistry of Education said that China ____________ (follow) an educational policy that ____________ (encourage) students to study abroad. One of them w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ____________ (watch) the weather forecast the day before. The last half of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the nineteenth century ____________ (witness) the steady improvement in the means of travel. A gentle wind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____________ (blow) through the tree. In the distance, I ____________ (notice) a racing car moving across the dusty plain. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a report from WHO, two million people worldwide ____________ ( estimate) to die from air pollution each year. Susan is on vacat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion in Florida, and she doesn’t take much money with her. So by the end of her vacation, she ____________ (spend) all her money. Sometimes giving a gif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is better than spoken communications, since the message it ____________ (offer) can break through barriers of language. Why do you look w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orried Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work ____________ (leave) unfinished since. A red light is a warn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need ____________. (make) You ____________ (read) the novel for almost five hours. Why not join us and have a cup of tea John had to have his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) car repaired in the garage because it ____________ (damage) seriously. 课堂导入时代周刊 | 无人驾驶汽车公司对事故应负多大责任 How liable should driverless-car companies be for accidents There is a paradox in the ascension of autonomous vehicles (AVs).By eliminating ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the human driver, AVs can greatly reduce the number of crashes.But to reach th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is level of performance, driverless cars will first kill some of us.In fact, they must be allowed to do so.As we begin to see t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he first deaths from crashes caused by AV testing on public roads, we will need to balance encouraging companies to develop these technologies by not making the costs prohibitively high and also protecting the rights of those forced into harm’s way during testing.A bill pending i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the U.S. Senate fails this standard. Instead, it eliminates individuals’ abilities to sue AV companies until the vehicles are governed by federal standards—likely years from now.There is a better mode ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l: the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, which compensates (through a tax on vaccines) those injured, who in exchange waive their tort rights.The streamlined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )process reduces litigation costs and insurance premiums for manufacturers while protecting people.It proves we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can encourage the development of a lifesaving tech without devaluing the well-being of those risking their lives to help make that better world a reality.精讲精练(知识点一：词汇、短语积累)健康类健康的饮食结构 a healthy diet/ a wholesome diet不均衡的饮食结构 an unbalanced diet高纤维、高蛋白质、低热量的饮食结构 a high-fiber, high-protein and low-calorie diet高脂肪、高胆固醇的不健康饮食结构 a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet富有营养的 nutritious (adj.)营养过剩 overnourishment (n.)摄入量 sb.’s intake of sth. 微量元素 trace elements饮食习惯 eating habits/ dietary habits 食品卫生 food hygiene细菌 bacteria 病毒 virus免疫系统 immune system致癌物 carcinogen (n.)食品添加剂与防腐剂 food additives and preservatives 冷冻食品 frozen food罐装食品 canned food 速食食品instant food肥胖症 obesity (n.)/ obese (adj.)心血管疾病 cardiovascular diseases抑郁症 depression 大规模传播的疾病 epidemic缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle心理健康 physical and mental (or emotional) health心理压力 press/ stress/ psychological strain长期疲劳 fatigue (n.)长期的焦虑 chronic (or persistent) stress and anxiety 由长期压力引发的疾病 stress-induced diseases 失眠 sleeplessness (n.)/ insomnia (n.)/ sleep-deprivation(知识点二：写作、翻译基本句型积累)下图反映的是某高中2007与2009学生健康状况调查数据。请简要介绍一下学生健康的变化情况，分析其原因并提出相应的改进措施。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )范文点评：From the chart, a wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsening health condition among students is clearly demonstrated. A majority of the students are nearsighted and lack of sleep, and the percentage has risen by 10% since 2007. Being overweight and unhealthy mental condition are becoming more and more popular, which account for 52.4% and 41.5% of the students respectively in 2009, compared with 36% and 26% in 2007. Personally, I think an increasingly heavy burden of study and the student’s reluctance to do outdoor activities are responsible for this worrying phenomenon. Students in high schools are faced with not only pressure from teachers and parents, but also “peer pressure”. The atmosphere forces the students to keep working hard so as to survive the fierce competition and live up to the adults’ expectation. Consequently, they tend to feel attached to the desks and chairs, neglecting exercise outdoors. They burn the midnight oil from time to time, leaving inadequate time to sleep. They only turn to computers to relax themselves, not aware of their failing eyesight. With all the contributing factors above, how can a student maintain his health So it i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s high time that we students put down our pens, stood up, stepped out of the room and embraced the fresh air outside. We should realize importance of balancing work and play. Adequate exercise and sufficient sleep are not doubt beneficial to our study. In addition, parents and teachers should unload the too much pressure for teenagers and meanwhile pay attention to their psychological health. With ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )combined efforts from adults and adolescents, the students’ health condition is sure to take on a new look in foreseeable future!3. 表达训练：运用所给出的关键词，用恰当的英语表达下列句子的意思。（1）更少的锻炼时间已经使得学生们相对他们的龄而言普遍地增加了更多体重。（cause）（2）尽管人们往往重视学生学习上的发展，却很少关心学生的健康状况。（While）（3）身体健康和心理健康两者对一个青少的成长来说都很重要。（matter）(知识点三：阅读拓展)（A）Questions:1. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin 2. According t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o Dr. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children’s overweight today You are what you eat a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd fats are a main food for Asia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量) has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on the w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians’ hospitality（好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )say, that children are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’re fat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.（B）Across the world, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. More than 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation (卫生设备).The combinatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n ___1___ (prove) deadly. Each year, diseases related to inadequate water and sanitation kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world. Safe drinking water is a precondition for health and the fight against child death rate, inequality between men and women, ___2___ poverty.Consider these facts:● The average distanc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e that women in Africa and Asia walk ___3___ (collect) water is 6 kilometers.● Only 58 percent of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )children in sub-Saharan Africa are drinking safe water, and only 37 percent of children in South Asia have access to even a basic toilet.● Each year in I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndia alone, 73 million working days ___4___ (lose) to water-borne disease.Here are three ways you can help:1) Write CongressCurrent U.S. foreig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n aid for drinking water and sanitation budgets only one dollar per year per American citizen. Few members of Congress ___5___ (ever receive) a letter from voters about clean drinking water abroad.2) Sponsor a project with a faith-based organizationMany U.S. reli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gious groups already sponsor water and sanitation projects, working with partner organizations abroad. Simply ___6___ (put), a single project by a U.S. organization can make safe water ___7___ reality for thousands of people.3) Support nonprofit water organizationsNumerous U.S.-based n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onprofits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects ___8___ (relate) to drinking water and sanitation. Like the sample of nonprofits ___9___ (note) as follows, some organizations are large, others small-scale; some operate worldwide, others are devoted to certain areas in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. ___10___ (support) them generously.（C）（难度：四级）separated B) war ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n C) generally D) apparently E) temporary F) establishedG) challenge H) reminder I) confident J) concerns K) potentially A tattoo ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y give parents of children with food allergies some peace of mind when they send their kids off to school. Yes, a tattoo-but it’s a 41 one. SafetyTat sel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ls colorful stick-on labels and wash-off tattoos that 42 of a nut allergy or provide other important medical information. Michele Welsh, a mother-of-three, 43 the company about five years ago. The idea came to her after she wrote her cell phone number on her kids, arms with a pen in case they got 44 while at an amusement park. She then thought of her nephew, who has a 45 fatal peanut allergy and how much time her sister-in-law had spent in the emergency room with him. What if she could just have a 46 ! Welsh pointed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out that caregivers may remember not to give the child a peanut butter cookie, but 47 they don’t think to look on the packaging of other products. “Sometimes you need something visual to remind others to check the ingredients,” she said “And for older kids it’s not as big of a 48 because they know to check the ingredients themselves, but the little kids are still learning.” However, some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have expressed 49 that the labels would draw unwanted attention from schoolyard bullies. “A lot of kids do get bullied at school about their food allergies, so some parents fear that this might give more ammunition to kids,”Kevin McGrath, a spokesperson for the American College of Allergy. However, he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) did say that the tattoos may just be another thing to make parents feel more 50 when sending their children off to a party or picnic or class trip.（D）（难度：四级） In recent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us. Studies hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption. A new study sugg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating. This dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )parity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol. "Hunger is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought." These findings ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake. What does th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is mean for our eating habits Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating. The so-called m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )indful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake How we perceive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals. B) What ingredients ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals. 57. What would h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )appen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal A) You would probably be more picky about food. B) You would not feel like eating the same food. C) You would have a good appetite. D) You would not feel so hungry. 58. What do we learn from the 2011 study A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases. B) Food labels may influence our body’s response to food. C) Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories. D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary. 59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite A) Trick ourselves ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )into eating less. C) Concentrate on food while eating. B) Choose foo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d with fewer calories. D) Pick dishes of the right size. 60. What is the main idea of the passage A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion. B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels. C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs. D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health. 当堂检测GrammarMinutes befo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re her halftime show at Sunday’s Super Bowl LI, Lady Gaga previewed her performance in a dramatic black-and-white Tiffany commercial: “I’m coming for you.” She wasn’t kid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ding, (21)______ (kick) off her 13-minute performance from the top of Houston’s NRG Stadium with an a cappella snippet (没有乐器伴奏的片段) of “God Bless America” and “This Land Is Your Land” before leaping from the roof.Her opener indi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cated how the rest of the performance (22)______ (go)—tightly choreographed (设计舞蹈动作) and perfectly executed.Beginning her set w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earing a colorful bodysuit and dazzling boots, Gaga somersaulted (翻跟头) through the air (23)______ the stage straight out of Mad Max, performing “Poker Face” atop a metal tower. (24)______ (surround) by caped dancers, she continued a theatrical song “Born This Way.”Thrilling (25)______ her army of dancers was, perhaps she should’ve stayed on her high-flying wires a little longer, as her halftime show’s risky stunts—and hair-raising surprises—ended as soon as she unhooked from her harness (挽具状带子；降落伞背带).Then, she ascen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ded a stairwell, dropped the mike and (26)______ (leap) out of the frame. Show over.After last y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear’s politically charged statement from Beyoncé during her cameo performance (客串演出) in Coldplay’s halftime show, (27)______ she performed a singer in Black Panther-referencing costumes, many proposed that Gaga (28)______ make a Trump statement during her show. But a political protest never arrived, as Gaga opted for patriotism and unity over making a divisive announcement, (29)______ she hinted at during her pre-Super Bowl news conference Thursday.“The only st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atements I’ll be making during the halftime show are the ones that I’ve been consistently making throughout (30)______ career. I believe in the spirit of equality and the spirit of this country, one of love and compassion and kindness,” she said.Vocabulary A. motive B. pull ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) C. considerable D. fled E. initially F. combedG. academy H. lay I. mix J. overwhelming K. lieA 15-year-old b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oy has been arrested on suspicion of murder after a boy of the same age was stabbed (刺伤) outside a north-west London school as his fellow students looked on.Quamari Barn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es was attacked while waiting at a bus stop at about 3:30 pm on Monday, shortly after the end of the school day at Capital City __31__. He was taken by ambulance to a central London hospital where he died.According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a family friend he was threatened at a bus stop and his assailant chased him as he __32__ towards school for safety, but the __33__ for the attack is not yet known.He is the second London teenager in four days to be fatally wounded in a knife attack. On Friday Djodjo Nsaka, 19, a student at Middlesex University, was found stabbed a few miles away near Wembley stadium ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).Throughout Tuesday ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) morning pupils emerged from the school to __34__ flowers and notes at the entrance gate, hugging each other tearfully or standing quietly together.One note read: “Q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uamari was the most positive and energetic person I have ever met. He brought life into everyone’s lives. ‘When one door is closed you know another one is open.’—Bob Marley.”On Twitter he w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as celebrated as a “bubbly, happy and also cheeky little boy.”The school had __35__ been hopeful that he would __36__ through, informing parents later on Monday that he was expected to survive, but announcing on Tuesday that he had died.“It is with __37__ sadness that Capital City must confirm the sudden death of one of its students on Monday 23rd January,” it said. “Our thoughts and prayers are with the family at this very sad time, and also with friends, fellow students and teachers. [We] will be offering a counseling service to students and staff.” On Tuesday a __38__ area around the school and where Quamari had been chased remained sealed off as police went door-to-door and forensic officers __39__ the area.DCI Mark Lawson ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the homicide and major crime command appealed for witnesses. “A large number of children were going home from school. I would like to hear from them, or their parents, as I’m certain that people will have information that could prove vital to the investigation,” he said.The school is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) next to a large park at the bottom of a slight incline. “There’s quite a big difference between the top of the hill and the bottom,” said the parent of one pupil. “The bottom is going towards Harlesden which is poorer whereas the top is more comfortable. The school has a real __40__.ClozeAlmost 250,000 public ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sector workers could lose their jobs to robots over the next 15 years, according to a new report which claims machines would be more efficient and save billions of pounds.Reform, a right-of-cen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tre think tank, says websites and __41__ intelligence “chat bots” could replace up to 90% of Whitehall’s administrators, as well as tens of thousands in the NHS and GPs’ surgeries, by 2030—__42__ as much as 4bn a year.Even nurses and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doctors could __43__ victim to the march of the machines, which the report says can __44__ humans at some diagnoses and routine __45__ procedures, and are more efficient at collecting information.The report argues that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) public services should become more flexible by __46__ a gig economy where workers support themselves through a variety of flexible jobs acquired through online platforms.In remarks that seem s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et to infuriate unions, a Reform press release says: “Public services can become the next __47__, using the gig economy to employ temporary doctors and supply teachers.”Few complex roles, it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) suggests, will be able to resist the move towards __48__, with the aim that public services will eventually become “diamond-shaped,” as both frontline and strategic roles are replaced by computers.“Twenty percent of pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blic-sector workers hold strategic, ‘cognitive’ roles,” it says. “They will use data analytics to __49__ patterns—improving decision-making and allocating workers most efficiently.“The NHS, for examp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le, can focus on the highest risk patients, reducing unnecessary hospital admissions. UK police and other __50__ services are already using data to predict areas of greatest risk from burglary and fire.”Such “contingent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )labor” platforms, it says, could suit hospitals and schools as an alternative to traditional agency models, as well as organizations which experience seasonal __51__ in demand such as HMRC (英国税务局) at the end of the tax year.Reform also calls _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_52__ a shift towards a more private sector-style organizational culture, suggesting that “shared kitchens and feedback boards [will] enable the spontaneous interactions that will support a new culture of public service innovation.”The new __53__ to recruitment would bring the profile of public sector workers closer to that of the private sector, which has three times as many under-24s in its workforce.The report also hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ghlights the scope for increased automation in policing through crowd-monitoring drones and facial recognition technology, although it acknowledges the concerns involved in holding people’s __54__.Alexander Hitc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hcock, the report’s co-author, said: “Such a rapid advance in the use of technology may seem controversial, and any job losses must be handled __55__. But the result would be public services that are better, safer, smarter and more affordable.”A. smart B. artificial C. manmade D. fakeA. saving B. costing C. spending D. makingA. intrude B. access C. lose D. fallA. outface B. outperform C. outfit D. outlastA. administra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tive B. criminal C. surgical D. scientificA. embracing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. manipulating C. wrecking D. rescuingA. Facebook B. Twitter C. Uber D. WeChatA. destructio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n B. organization C. automation D. privatization A. develop B. identify C. change D. startA. national B. community C. domestic D. emergencyA. peaks B. declines C. falls D. holidaysA. on B. for C. up D. toA. way B. approach C. method D. meansA. officials B. servants C. agents D. imagesA. sensitively B. sensibly C. carelessly D. casually温故知新Tenses and Voices of VerbsThe first time we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) met in a café, both of us felt immediately that we __________ (know) each other for years.A study of ancient w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ritings and evidence ______ (show) that for the past 5000 years, cats have been kept as pets.If their marketing p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lans succeed, they __________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.Population expert ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s predict that most people __________ (live) in cities in the near future.Oh, It’s you! I __________(not recognize) you. You look so different. When did you lose your weight At the curre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt rate, four-fifths of the tremendous project _____ (expect) to be finished by the end of this year.Will you attend the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) meeting this evening But I _______ (not tell) anything about it.Cole Bettles _______ (reject) by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California last month. Let us take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a serious, reasonable look at what the result will be if such a proposal __________. (accept)So far this year, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) no measures ____________(take) against cruelty to animals despite their protest in the newspaper.By the time the canal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _________ (open) in 1914, the more than 50-mile-long project had cost the United States more than $350 million and employed tens of thousands of people from around the world.Alice’s computer _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_________ (go) wrong though she used it only once. You’d better go and check it.No matter how good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the finished product is, if it’s not correctly priced it __________(sell).Is Tom still ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) smoking No. By next Saturday he __________(go) for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.Sales of CDs have gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eatly increased since the early 1990’s, when people __________ (begin) to enjoy the advantage of this new technology.The old man isn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) really employed at the supermarket. He __________(help) out voluntarily until the new young assistant arrives.Flexible work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing time with emphasis on more efficiency __________ (introduce) in some companies, and it is welcomed by most employees.Although he ____________(stay) in America for a long time, he’s never regretted his making his mind to return to his own country.I’m sorry. We don’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have enough teaching materials to go around. I __________ (not expect) so many people would attend the lecture.The number of de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aths from smoking-related diseases will be reduced greatly if people __________(persuade) to stop smoking at home and in public.According to Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ina’s Ministry of Health, HIV and AIDS cases in China ________ (rise) by about 30% since 2005.Sally ___________ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished.The crazy fans __________ (wait) patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.Starting arou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd 7,000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere __________(experience) temperature warmer than at present.Shall we go to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e park now Not until I __________ (finish) my physics exercises.ReadingSection B (每题2分，共22分)(A) A little u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nder one-third of U.S. families have no Internet access and do not plan to get it, with most of the holdouts seeing little use for it in their lives, according to a survey released on Friday. Park Associates ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), a Dallas-based technology market research firm, said 29 percent of U.S. families, or 31 million homes, do not have Internet access and do not intend to subscribe (付费使用) to an Internet service over the next 12 months. The second annual National Technology Scan conducted by Park found that the main reason why potential customers say they do not subscribe to the Internet is because of the low value to their daily lives rather than concerns over cost. Forty-four perce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt of these families say they are not interested in anything on the Internet, versus just 22 percent who say they cannot afford a computer or the cost of Internet service, the survey showed. The answer “I’m not sure how to use the Internet” came from 17 percent of participants who do not subscribe. The response “I do all my e-commerce shopping and YouTube-watching at work” was cited by 14 percent of Internet-access users. Three percent said the Internet doesn’t reach their homes. The study foun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d U.S. broadband adoption grew to 52 percent over 2006, up from 42 percent in 2005. Roughly half of new subscribers converted (转变) from slower-speed, dial-up Internet access while the other half of families had no prior access. “The industry contin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ues to chip (击破) away at the core of non-subscribers, but has a long way to go,” said John Barrett, director of research at Parks Associates. “Entertainment applications will be the key. If anything will pull in the holdouts, it’s going to be applications that make the Internet more similar to pay-TV,” he predicted.56. What does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )underlined word “holdouts” in the first paragraph most probably mean A. Some American families.B. Those who hold out one’s opinions.C. Those who have been surveyed.D. Those who still haven’t access to the Internet currently.57. Many potential ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) customers refuse to subscribe to the Internet mainly because ______.A. they show to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o much concern about the cost B. they can find little value of itC. they do most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )YouTube-watching at work D. the Internet doesn’t reach their homes58. From the passage we can infer that ______.A. it is not an e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asy job to transform those holdouts into the Internet usersB. people will adopt dial-up Internet access no moreC. many Americans enjoy doing e-commerce shopping at homeD. more than half of the population are using the Internet in 200559. Which is the best title for the passage A. Web Develops With Technology B. The Present Situation of WebC. Many Americans See ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Little Point to Web D. It is Urgent to Promote Web Service (B) Today the car se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ems to make periodic leaps in progress. A variety of driver assistance technologies are appearing on new cars. A developing technology called Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication, or V2V, is being tested by automotive manufacturers as a way to help reduce the number of accidents. V2V works by using wireless signals to send information back and forth between cars about their location, speed and direction, so that they keep safe distances from each other. Another new technology being tested is Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication, or V2I. V2I would allow vehicles to communicate with road signs or traffic signals and provide information to the vehicle about safety issues. V2I could also request traffic information from a traffic management system and access the best possible routes. Both V2V and V2I have the potential to reduce around 80 percent of vehicle crashes on the road. More and mor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e new cars can reverse-park, read traffic signs, maintain a safe distance in steady traffic and brake automatically to avoid crashes. Moreover, a number of firms are creating cars that drive themselves to a chosen destination without a human at the controls. It is predicted that driverless cars will be ready for sale within five years. If and when cars go completely driverless, the benefits will be enormous. Google, which already uses prototypes of such cars to ferry its staff along Californian freeways, once put a blind man in a prototype and filmed him being driven off to buy takeaway hamburgers. If this works, huge numbers of elderly and disabled people can regain their personal mobility. The young will not have to pay crippling motor insurance, because their reckless hands and feet will no longer touch the wheel or the accelerator. People who commute by car will gain hours each day to work, rest, or read a newspaper. 60. Which of the following statements is true about V2V A. V2V communication has been very well developed. B. Through V2V, drivers can chat with each other on the road. C. V2V is designed to decrease crashes by keeping safe distances. D. Through V2V, a car can warn cyclists nearby of its approach. 61. Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing is NOT a potential benefit of driverless cars A. The elderly will become more mobile. B. “Drivers” can sleep in cars all the way to work. C. People can race cars to their heart’s content. D. A blind man can get into a car and travel safely. 62. What can be inferred from the passage A. Cars will refuse to start if the driver is drunk. B. The future may be a vehicle-accident-free era. C. Everyone, including children, can afford a car. D. The production of driverless cars is still far away. (C)However attractive the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) figures may look on paper, in the long run the success or failure of a merger depends on the human factor. When the agreement has been signed and the accountants have departed, the real problems may only just be beginning. If there is a culture clash between the two companies in the way their people work, then all the efforts of the financiers and lawyers to strike a deal may have been in vain.According to Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ris Bolton of KS Management Consultants, 70% of mergers fail to live up to their promise of shareholder value, riot through any failure in economic terms but because the integration of people is unsuccessful. Corporates, he explains, concentrate their efforts before a merger on legal, technical and financial matters. They employ a range of experts to obtain the most favorable contract possible. But even at these early stages, people issues must be taken into consideration. The strengths and weaknesses of both organizations should be assessed and, if it is a merger of equals, then careful thought should be given to which personnel, from which side, should take on the key roles.This was the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )issue in 2001 when the proposed merger between two pharmaceutical companies promised to create one of the largest players in the industry. For both companies the merger was intended to reverse falling market share and shareholder value. However, although the companies' skill bases were compatible, the chief executives of the two companies could not agree which of them was to head up the new organization. This illustrates the need to compromise if a merger is to take place.But even in m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ergers that do go ahead, there can be culture clashes. One way to avoid this is to work with focus groups to see how employees view the existing culture of their organization. In one example, where two global organizations in the food sector were planning to merge, focus groups discovered that the companies displayed very different profiles. One was sales-focused, knew exactly what it wanted to achieve and pushed initiatives through. The other got involved in lengthy discussions, trying out options methodically and making contingency plans. The first responded quickly to changes in the marketplace; the second took longer, but the option it eventually chose was usually the correct one. Neither company’s approach would have worked for the other.63. According to the text, mergers can encounter problems whenA. contracts are signed too quickly.B. experts cannot predict accurate figures.C. conflicting attitudes cannot be resolved.D. staff are opposed to the terms of the deal.64. According t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o Chris Bolton, what do many organizations do in preparation for a merger A. ensure their interests are representedB. give reassurances to shareholdersC. consider the effect of a merger on employeesD. analyze the varying strengths of their staff65. The proposed merger of two pharmaceutical groups failed becauseA. major shareholders were opposed.B. there was a fall in the demand for their products.C. there were problems combining their areas of expertise.D. an issue of personal rivalry could not be resolved.66. According to the text, focus groups can help companies toA. develop new initiatives.B. adopt contingency plans.C. be decisive and react rapidly.D. evaluate how well matched they are.Section C (每题2分，共8分)Directions: Read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Dr. Higgs was only one of several people with a claim. B. So a degree of caution is probably advisable.C. But Dr. Higgs wasn’t the person who figured out the theory.D. One reason is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the committee can often be slow to recognize achievement. E. Science ofte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n works like this, with different people coming up with similar ideas at similar times.F. It was unfair, therefore, to grant the prize to Peter Higgs. The Nobel prize ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s in physiology or medicine, physics and chemistry are the most distinguished medals in science. But talk to scientists in private, and many will complain. Why (besides jealousy, perhaps) are some scientists unhappy with the Nobels ____67____ Alfred Nob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el, who set up the prizes in 1895, specified in his will that the prizes should reward work done in the previous year. But experience soon showed that this was risky, as medals were given out for discoveries that later proved questionable. ____68____ Sometimes, though, it can be taken too far. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, for instance, had to wait until 1983 to win a prize for work he had done in the 1930s on the structure of stars. And caution can sometimes lead to strange results. Albert Einstein never won a prize for his theory of relativity. Even though some pretty suggestive evidence had been produced by Arthur Eddington in 1919, relativity—which has later passed every experimental test ever thrown at it—was still considered somewhat risky and incomprehensible.Another criticism co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncerns the tradition that no more than three people can share a prize. Science is rarely this clear-cut. Take this year’s physics prize, which recognized Peter Higgs for predicting the existence of the mass-bestowing particle that now bears his name. ____69____ Tow other teams—Brout and Englert, as well as Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble—presented papers on the same idea to the same journal that published Dr. Higg’s work, all within a few months of each other. ____70____ In the event, the committee decided to honor Dr. Englert (Brout is dead, and therefore unqualified), whose paper was earlier than Dr. Higg’s but did not clearly predict a particle, over Dr. Guralnik and his fellow workers, who were more comprehensive but published a few weeks later. V. Translation (3+3+4+5，共15分)Directions: Trans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )late the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets. 1. 一四季随机播放的上海的天气是什么鬼啊！(How)2. 姚明(Yao)的退役不仅宣告了一个时代的结束，而且留给我们一段美好的回忆。(Not only…, but also…)3. 尽管很多女生对选择王思聪还是华晨宇以满足幻想举棋不定，但是她们最终不得不面对现实努力工作。(Despite)4. 节食减肥毫无益处，你永远都不会有傲人的A4腰，除非你经常多做像打羽毛球之类的运动。(good)
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进门小练笔Unit 1 Tenses and Voices of VerbsFill in the blan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ks with proper forms of verbs in the brackets to make the sentences complete:1. You’d better wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te down her phone number before you ____________ (forget) it. forgets 2. Sofia looked arou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd at all the faces: she had the impression that she ____________ (see) most of the guests before. had seen3. The number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____________ (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables. are persuade4. ----Where __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__________ you ____________ (put) the recorder I can not see it anywhere. have, put -----I____________ (put) it right here. But now it is gone! put5. --- Peter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), do you know who ____________ (take) away my dictionary has taken6. We won’t start th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e work until all the preparations ____________.(make) has been made7. During his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ____________ (recommend). had recommended8. The new Hukou pol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icy, according to some experts ____________ (serve) to attract more high-end talents to contribute to Shanghai’s development. servesMs Chen ____________ (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. had been teaching/ had taught/ has been teaching/has taughtI was certain she w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould like it because I ____________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. had been told/ was toldThe exam, which was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) originally to be held in our classroom, ____________ (change) to the library at the last minute. was changedI had to leave wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rk to take him to the hospital because he ____________ (break) his finger. had brokenThe child, Nicole Hobs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on, ____________ (take) by her mother to Children’s Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check. was being taken A transit spoke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sman said the driver should ____________ (make) radio call to the control center for help. have madeAn official from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the Ministry of Education said that China ____________ (follow) an educational policy that ____________ (encourage) students to study abroad. follows, encourages One of them was a vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ____________ (watch) the weather forecast the day before. had watched The last half o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the nineteenth century ____________ (witness) the steady improvement in the means of travel. has witnessedA gentle win ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d ____________ (blow) through the tree. In the distance, I ____________ (notice) a racing car moving across the dusty plain. was blowing, noticedAccording to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a report from WHO, two million people worldwide ____________ ( estimate) to die from air pollution each year. are estimatedSusan is on v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acation in Florida, and she doesn’t take much money with her. So by the end of her vacation, she ____________ (spend) all her money. will have spentSometimes giving a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) gift is better than spoken communications, since the message it ____________ (offer) can break through barriers of language. offersWhy do you loo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k worried Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work ____________ (leave) unfinished since. has been leftA red light is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a warning to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need ____________. (make) making/ to be madeYou ____________ (read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) the novel for almost five hours. Why not join us and have a cup of tea have been readingJohn had to h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave his car repaired in the garage because it ____________ (damage) seriously. had been damaged课堂导入时代周刊 | 无人驾驶汽车公司对事故应负多大责任 How liable should driverless-car companies be for accidents 无人驾驶汽车公司对事故应负多大责任 There is a paradox in the ascension of autonomous vehicles (AVs).自动驾驶车辆(AVs)的崛起存在着一个悖论。By eliminating th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e human driver, AVs can greatly reduce the number of crashes.通过淘汰人工驾驶，自动驾驶汽车可以大大降低交通事故的发生率。But to reach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )this level of performance, driverless cars will first kill some of us.但要达到这种性能水平，无人驾驶汽车会先要了我们部分驾驶员的性命。In fact, they must be allowed to do so.事实上，我们也必须允许出现这样的情况。As we begin to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) see the first deaths from crashes caused by AV testing on public roads, we will need to balance encouraging companies to develop these technologies by not making the costs prohibitively high and also protecting the rights of those forced into harm’s way during testing.随着第一批在公共道路上进行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )自动驾驶测试导致的车祸的发生，如何权衡鼓励企业开发这些技术，不让成本变得过高，和保护那些被迫在测试过程中利益受到伤害的人的权利的问题也就摆在了我们的面前。A bill pending in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )U.S. Senate fails this standard. Instead, it eliminates individuals’ abilities to sue AV companies until the vehicles are governed by federal standards—likely years from now.美国参议院正在审议的一项法案不仅未能达到这一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )标准，还裁撤了个人在这些公司受到联邦标准的监管——很可能是几以后的事情了——之前起诉自动驾驶汽车制造公司的能力。There is a better mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )del: the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, which compensates (through a tax on vaccines) those injured, who in exchange waive their tort rights.其实，自动驾驶还有一个更好的榜样： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1986的《国家儿童疫苗伤害法案》，该法案(通过对疫苗征税)对那些利益受损的人群予以补偿，作为交换，这些人要放弃他们为自己的权利受到侵犯申诉的机会。The streamline ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d process reduces litigation costs and insurance premiums for manufacturers while protecting people.简化后的流程不仅能保护了大家，还能降低制造商的诉讼成本和保险费。It proves we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) can encourage the development of a lifesaving tech without devaluing the well-being of those risking their lives to help make that better world a reality.也证明了我们可以在不损害那些冒着生命危险帮助建设美好世界的人的福祉的情况下，鼓励开发能够挽救生命的技术。(全文共209个词)精讲精练(知识点一：词汇、短语积累)健康类健康的饮食结构 a healthy diet/ a wholesome diet不均衡的饮食结构 an unbalanced diet高纤维、高蛋白质、低热量的饮食结构 a high-fiber, high-protein and low-calorie diet高脂肪、高胆固醇的不健康饮食结构 a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet富有营养的 nutritious (adj.)营养过剩 overnourishment (n.)摄入量 sb.’s intake of sth. 微量元素 trace elements饮食习惯 eating habits/ dietary habits 食品卫生 food hygiene细菌 bacteria 病毒 virus免疫系统 immune system致癌物 carcinogen (n.)食品添加剂与防腐剂 food additives and preservatives 冷冻食品 frozen food罐装食品 canned food 速食食品instant food肥胖症 obesity (n.)/ obese (adj.)心血管疾病 cardiovascular diseases抑郁症 depression 大规模传播的疾病 epidemic缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle心理健康 physical and mental (or emotional) health心理压力 press/ stress/ psychological strain长期疲劳 fatigue (n.)长期的焦虑 chronic (or persistent) stress and anxiety 由长期压力引发的疾病 stress-induced diseases 失眠 sleeplessness (n.)/ insomnia (n.)/ sleep-deprivation(知识点二：写作、翻译基本句型积累)下图反映的是某高中2007与2009学生健康状况调查数据。请简要介绍一下学生健康的变化情况，分析其原因并提出相应的改进措施。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )审题分析：一、本题是一篇数据图标题。根据本题要求，本文应包括三个主要内容：数据描述（学生健康变化情况），原因分析，改进措施。二、本文的“数据描述”部分应简明扼要。由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于图表中一共有8个数据，且题目要求描述“变化情况”，因此在“数据描述”部分没有必要把8个数据全部描述出来，只需要描述涉及“变化情况”的数据就可以了。在描述过程中注意数据描述句式结构的多样化。范文点评：From the chart, a wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sening health condition among students is clearly demonstrated. A majority of the students are nearsighted and lack of sleep, and the percentage has risen by 10% since 2007. Being overweight and unhealthy mental condition are becoming more and more popular, which account for 52.4% and 41.5% of the students respectively in 2009, compared with 36% and 26% in 2007. Personally, I think an increasingly heavy burden of study and the student’s reluctance to do outdoor activities are responsible for this worrying phenomenon. Students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in high schools are faced with not only pressure from teachers and parents, but also “peer pressure”. The atmosphere forces the students to keep working hard so as to survive the fierce competition and live up to the adults’ expectation. Consequently, they tend to feel attached to the desks and chairs, neglecting exercise outdoors. They burn the midnight oil from time to time, leaving inadequate time to sleep. They only turn to computers to relax themselves, not aware of their failing eyesight. With all the contributing factors above, how can a student maintain his health So it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is high time that we students put down our pens, stood up, stepped out of the room and embraced the fresh air outside. We should realize importance of balancing work and play. Adequate exercise and sufficient sleep are not doubt beneficial to our study. In addition, parents and teachers should unload the too much pressure for teenagers and meanwhile pay attention to their psychological health. With ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) combined efforts from adults and adolescents, the students’ health condition is sure to take on a new look in foreseeable future!好词好句：1. Personally, I th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink an increasingly heavy burden of study and the student’s reluctance to do outdoor activities are responsible for this worrying phenomenon.用be responsible for代替常用的are the main causes of。2. The atmosphere fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rces the students to keep working hard so as to survive the fierce competition and live up to the adults’ expectation.force一词强化说明压力大，与后文so as to survive the fierce competition呼应。3. Consequentl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y, they tend to feel attached to the desks and chairs, neglecting exercise outdoors. They burn the midnight oil from time to time, leaving inadequate time to sleep.feel attached to的意义为“依附于，依恋于”。4. They burn the mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dnight oil from time to time, leaving inadequate time to sleep.burn the midnight oil的意义为“开夜车”。5. With combined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) efforts from adults and adolescents, the students’ health condition is sure to take on a new look in foreseeable future!take on a brand new look的意义为“呈现崭新的面貌”。GADHEBIFC3. 表达训练：运用所给出的关键词，用恰当的英语表达下列句子的意思。（1）更少的锻炼时间已经使得学生们相对他们的龄而言普遍地增加了更多体重。（cause）（2）尽管人们往往重视学生学习上的发展，却很少关心学生的健康状况。（While）（3）身体健康和心理健康两者对一个青少的成长来说都很重要。（matter）key: (1) Less ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) time spent exercising has caused students to generally put on more weight for their age.(2) While people tend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to attach great importance to students’ development in study, they care little about their health condition.(3) Physical a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd mental health both matter much to the growth of a teenager.(知识点三：阅读拓展)（A）Questions:1. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin 2. According to D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r. Chwang, what are the three factors causing Asian children’s overweight today Keys:1. Because they think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )they can’t show their love.
2. Hospitality, children’s being spoilt and much indoor play.You are what you e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at and fats are a main food for Asia’s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake (卡路里摄入量) has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,” says Chwang.Although on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the whole Asians tend towards thinness, Asians’ hospitality（好客）is the first and foremost reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chwang. “Asian people love food,” she says. “Eating and drinking are important social and family functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today’s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.Needless to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay, that children are being spoilt by their parents is another cause of children’s overweight. More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents’ improved circumstances. “In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,” says Chwang. “The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food’. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they’re fat. Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” P.F. Productions says Chwang.生词学习：教学建议：让学生掌握文章中标出的红色单词，同时对于长难句进行分析，并尝试着翻译。intake n. 吸入，进气； 摄入，摄取hospitalityn. 殷勤好客； 招待，款待spoilt adj. （孩子）宠坏的； 惯坏的； （食物）变质的长难句学习：1、When describing the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: “There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play children spend too much time on.解析：when后面接动名词结构 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+ 隐形的定语从句；这句话的难点是看出play后面有对其进行修饰的定从，只是这边省掉了连接词“that”；句意：当描述大多数亚洲肥胖儿童的生理情况时，Chwang说，肥胖和室内游戏（孩子们花了大量的时间）关系很清楚。（B）Across the world, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. More than 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation (卫生设备).The combination ___1___ (prove) deadly. Each year, diseases related to inadequate water and sanitation kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world. Safe drinking water is a precondition for health and the fight against child death rate, inequality between men and women, ___2___ poverty.Consider these facts:● The average dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tance that women in Africa and Asia walk ___3___ (collect) water is 6 kilometers.● Only 58 percent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of children in sub-Saharan Africa are drinking safe water, and only 37 percent of children in South Asia have access to even a basic toilet.● Each year i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n India alone, 73 million working days ___4___ (lose) to water-borne disease.Here are three ways you can help:1) Write CongressCurrent U.S. foreign a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id for drinking water and sanitation budgets only one dollar per year per American citizen. Few members of Congress ___5___ (ever receive) a letter from voters about clean drinking water abroad.2) Sponsor a project with a faith-based organizationMany U.S. religiou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s groups already sponsor water and sanitation projects, working with partner organizations abroad. Simply ___6___ (put), a single project by a U.S. organization can make safe water ___7___ reality for thousands of people.3) Support nonprofit water organizationsNumerous U.S.-ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed nonprofits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects ___8___ (relate) to drinking water and sanitation. Like the sample of nonprofits ___9___ (note) as follows, some organizations are large, others small-scale; some operate worldwide, others are devoted to certain areas in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. ___10___ (support) them generously.1. proves 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and 3. to collect 4. are lost 5. have ever received 6. put 7. a 8. related 9. noted 10. Support（C）（难度：四级）separated B) warn C) generally D) apparently E) temporary F) establishedG) challenge H) reminder I) confident J) concerns K) potentially A tattoo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) may give parents of children with food allergies some peace of mind when they send their kids off to school. Yes, a tattoo-but it’s a 41 one. SafetyTat sells ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) colorful stick-on labels and wash-off tattoos that 42 of a nut allergy or provide other important medical information. Michele Welsh, a mother-of-three, 43 the company about five years ago. The idea came to her after she wrote her cell phone number on her kids, arms with a pen in case they got 44 while at an amusement park. She then thought of her nephew, who has a 45 fatal peanut allergy and how much time her sister-in-law had spent in the emergency room with him. What if she could just have a 46 ! Welsh point ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed out that caregivers may remember not to give the child a peanut butter cookie, but 47 they don’t think to look on the packaging of other products. “Sometimes you need something visual to remind others to check the ingredients,” she said “And for older kids it’s not as big of a 48 because they know to check the ingredients themselves, but the little kids are still learning.” However, some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have expressed 49 that the labels would draw unwanted attention from schoolyard bullies. “A lot of kids do get bullied at school about their food allergies, so some parents fear that this might give more ammunition to kids,”Kevin McGrath, a spokesperson for the American College of Allergy. However, he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )did say that the tattoos may just be another thing to make parents feel more 50 when sending their children off to a party or picnic or class trip.Keys: 41-45 E, B, F, A, K 46-50 H, C, G, J,I解析：1.[E]空格在冠词和代词之间，应为形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容词。第2段第1句提及tattoos(纹身）的特点是stick-on(粘贴的）和 wash-off(可洗掉的），可见，此处说的纹身是暂时的而非永久性的，故选用temporary,起到启下的作用，与下文提到的特点保持一致。2.[B]填入空格的词作定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句的谓语,而且能与介词of搭配。该定语从句描述纹身的作用，结合第1段和本句内容可知，纹身可以提供小孩吃什么过敏的信息，保障有过敏体质的小孩的安全。故选warn一词， warn of a nut allergy意为“提醒对花生过敏”。词库中remind 通常也可和of 连用，但常用于remind sb. of sth.结构，故排除。3.[F]句子缺少谓语，句中的five ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) years ago提示要用过去时态,故空格处应填入动词过去式。此处应选established，意为Michele Welsh大约在五前创立了这家公司。4.[A]空格位于got之后,可为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名闻、形容闻或分词。根据句末的“在游乐场所时”可推知在孩子的手臂上写电话号码是为防止出游时走散,词库中separated正好符合讲境。 .5.[K]空格前后的a fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tal peanut allergy语法结构完整，由此判断此处应为副词,用来修饰形容词fata1。此处应选 potentially —词,potentially fatal 意为“可能会致命的”。6.[H]空格在不定冠词a之后， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )应该是一个名词。根据上一句提到的“孩子因花生过敏多次被送进急诊室”，可推知此感叹句要表达的是“要是有什么东西可以提醒她就好了”，reminder符合句意。7.[C]空格在连词but之后， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在整个分句之前，可以推断此处需耍一个副词。此处应选用generally，表示看护“通常”不会检査其他产品的外包装，看看这些产品的配料成分是两含有花生。8．[G] a提示此处应填人名词。本句提到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了older kids和little kids。由“大一点的孩子已经学会检查产品配料”可知，这对于他们来说不是什么难事,challenge“挑战”符合句意。9.[J]句子缺少谓语动词expressed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的宾语,此处需填人名词。根据后面内容“引来异样的关注”、“许多小孩因食物过敏症而受到欺负”可知，此处说的是某些人的担忧。名词concerns符合句意。10.[I] feel m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore提示此处应填人形容词。上一段说的是提醒标签可能带来的负面影响，本段转折连词However提示本段讲提醒标签的优点。据此选用confident,表示提醒标签能让父母在送孩子去参加集体活动的时候感到更放心。 （D）（难度：四级） In recent years, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us. Studies have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption. A new stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dy suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating. This di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol. "Hunger ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought." These findings ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake. What does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )this mean for our eating habits Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating. The so-called mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake How we perceive the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) food we eat. C) When we eat our meals. B) What ingredients th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals. 57. What woul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal A) You would probably be more picky about food. B) You would not feel like eating the same food. C) You would have a good appetite. D) You would not feel so hungry. 58. What do we learn from the 2011 study A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases. B) Food labels may influence our body’s response to food. C) Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories. D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary. 59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite A) Trick ourselve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s into eating less. C) Concentrate on food while eating. B) Choose food with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) fewer calories. D) Pick dishes of the right size. 60. What is the main idea of the passage A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion. B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels. C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs. D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health. Keys: A D B C B 解析：56. 【定位】由题干中的appetite和food intake定位 到首段第一句。 A) 【精析】事实细节题。文章开篇指出了人们的食欲和食物摄取受到诸多因素的影响，包括人们的饮食环境和对面前食物的认知,故答案为A)。 57. 【定位】由题干中的remembered和previous meal 定位到第三段第二句。 D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )指出,饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的不是他们已食用的食物量，而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,也就是说,影响人们饥饿程度的是他们记忆中的食物量而不是胃里的食物量。由此可推断,记忆对饮食造成影 响，如果记忆中上顿饭吃了很多,那么不管是不是 真的吃了很多,都不会感觉太饿,故答案为D)。 58. 【定位】由题干中的2011 study定位到第六段第二句。 B) 【精析】细节归纳题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定位句详细描述了 2011 的一项研究。在研究中，参与者在两个不同场合 食用了相同卡路里的奶昔，但是奶昔标签上分别 标注了 620卡路里和140卡路里,结果显示,根据 标注的中路里含量,参与者分泌了不同水平的与 饥饿相关的荷尔蒙，而且当食用了标注620卡路 里的奶昔时,他们感觉更饱。实际上两份奶昔的 卡路里含量是相同的，由于标签标注的不同,让人产生自我暗示,使人体对食物产生了不同的反应。 故答案为B)。 59. 【定位】由题干中的control our appetite定位到文章最后一句。 C)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句指出， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所谓的"用心饮 食"策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制食欲。也就是Brunstrom建议我们通过"用心饮食"策略控制 饮食用心饮食"和前文中提到的"专注于食物" 相照应,故答案为C)。 60. 【定位】由题干中的main idea定位到各部分主题 句。如第一段的第一句、第三段的第一句、第六段 的第一句和最后一句。 B)【精析】主旨大意题。全文可分为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三个部分,第一 部分提出论点——人们的食欲和食物摄取受到包括环境和对食物的认知等诸多因素的影响。第二部分引用相关科学研究论证这些影响因素，特别 指出饮食环境、对食物的记忆、食物包装上的标签 对人产生的心理暗示作用影响饮食。最后一部分 提出通过专注饮食来控制食欲的建议。对食物及 饮食环境的认知，对食物的记忆，食物标签产生的 心理暗示等都属于心理因素,统观全文,作者一直 围绕心理因素对食欲的影响展开论述，故答案 为B)。当堂检测GrammarMinutes before he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r halftime show at Sunday’s Super Bowl LI, Lady Gaga previewed her performance in a dramatic black-and-white Tiffany commercial: “I’m coming for you.” She wasn’t kid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ding, (21)______ (kick) off her 13-minute performance from the top of Houston’s NRG Stadium with an a cappella snippet (没有乐器伴奏的片段) of “God Bless America” and “This Land Is Your Land” before leaping from the roof.Her opener indica ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted how the rest of the performance (22)______ (go)—tightly choreographed (设计舞蹈动作) and perfectly executed.Beginning her set w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earing a colorful bodysuit and dazzling boots, Gaga somersaulted (翻跟头) through the air (23)______ the stage straight out of Mad Max, performing “Poker Face” atop a metal tower. (24)______ (surround) by caped dancers, she continued a theatrical song “Born This Way.”Thrilling (25)______ her army of dancers was, perhaps she should’ve stayed on her high-flying wires a little longer, as her halftime show’s risky stunts—and hair-raising surprises—ended as soon as she unhooked from her harness (挽具状带子；降落伞背带).Then, she ascen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ded a stairwell, dropped the mike and (26)______ (leap) out of the frame. Show over.After last year’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) politically charged statement from Beyoncé during her cameo performance (客串演出) in Coldplay’s halftime show, (27)______ she performed a singer in Black Panther-referencing costumes, many proposed that Gaga (28)______ make a Trump statement during her show. But a political protest never arrived, as Gaga opted for patriotism and unity over making a divisive announcement, (29)______ she hinted at during her pre-Super Bowl news conference Thursday.“The only statem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents I’ll be making during the halftime show are the ones that I’ve been consistently making throughout (30)______ career. I believe in the spirit of equality and the spirit of this country, one of love and compassion and kindness,” she said.21. kicking 22. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) would go 23. onto 24. Surrounded 25. as 26. leapt 27. where 28. should 29. which 30. myVocabulary A. motive B. pull C. considerable D. fled E. initially F. combedG. academy H. lay I. mix J. overwhelming K. lieA 15-year-old boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has been arrested on suspicion of murder after a boy of the same age was stabbed (刺伤) outside a north-west London school as his fellow students looked on.Quamari Barnes was att ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acked while waiting at a bus stop at about 3:30 pm on Monday, shortly after the end of the school day at Capital City __31__. He was taken by ambulance to a central London hospital where he died.According to a family ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) friend he was threatened at a bus stop and his assailant chased him as he __32__ towards school for safety, but the __33__ for the attack is not yet known.He is the second London teenager in four days to be fatally wounded in a knife attack. On Friday Djodjo Nsaka, 19, a student at Middlesex University, was found stabbed a few miles away near Wembley stadium ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).Throughout Tuesd ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay morning pupils emerged from the school to __34__ flowers and notes at the entrance gate, hugging each other tearfully or standing quietly together.One note read: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) “Quamari was the most positive and energetic person I have ever met. He brought life into everyone’s lives. ‘When one door is closed you know another one is open.’—Bob Marley.”On Twitter he was ce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lebrated as a “bubbly, happy and also cheeky little boy.”The school h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad __35__ been hopeful that he would __36__ through, informing parents later on Monday that he was expected to survive, but announcing on Tuesday that he had died.“It is with __37__ sad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ness that Capital City must confirm the sudden death of one of its students on Monday 23rd January,” it said. “Our thoughts and prayers are with the family at this very sad time, and also with friends, fellow students and teachers. [We] will be offering a counseling service to students and staff.” On Tuesday a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__38__ area around the school and where Quamari had been chased remained sealed off as police went door-to-door and forensic officers __39__ the area.DCI Mark Lawson of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he homicide and major crime command appealed for witnesses. “A large number of children were going home from school. I would like to hear from them, or their parents, as I’m certain that people will have information that could prove vital to the investigation,” he said.The school is ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xt to a large park at the bottom of a slight incline. “There’s quite a big difference between the top of the hill and the bottom,” said the parent of one pupil. “The bottom is going towards Harlesden which is poorer whereas the top is more comfortable. The school has a real __40__.31-40 GDAHE BJCFIClozeAlmost 250,000 public ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sector workers could lose their jobs to robots over the next 15 years, according to a new report which claims machines would be more efficient and save billions of pounds.Reform, a ri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght-of-centre think tank, says websites and __41__ intelligence “chat bots” could replace up to 90% of Whitehall’s administrators, as well as tens of thousands in the NHS and GPs’ surgeries, by 2030—__42__ as much as 4bn a year.Even nurses and doctor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s could __43__ victim to the march of the machines, which the report says can __44__ humans at some diagnoses and routine __45__ procedures, and are more efficient at collecting information.The report argues t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat public services should become more flexible by __46__ a gig economy where workers support themselves through a variety of flexible jobs acquired through online platforms.In remarks t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat seem set to infuriate unions, a Reform press release says: “Public services can become the next __47__, using the gig economy to employ temporary doctors and supply teachers.”Few complex r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oles, it suggests, will be able to resist the move towards __48__, with the aim that public services will eventually become “diamond-shaped,” as both frontline and strategic roles are replaced by computers.“Twenty percent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of public-sector workers hold strategic, ‘cognitive’ roles,” it says. “They will use data analytics to __49__ patterns—improving decision-making and allocating workers most efficiently.“The NHS, for e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xample, can focus on the highest risk patients, reducing unnecessary hospital admissions. UK police and other __50__ services are already using data to predict areas of greatest risk from burglary and fire.”Such “contingent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )labor” platforms, it says, could suit hospitals and schools as an alternative to traditional agency models, as well as organizations which experience seasonal __51__ in demand such as HMRC (英国税务局) at the end of the tax year.Reform also call ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s __52__ a shift towards a more private sector-style organizational culture, suggesting that “shared kitchens and feedback boards [will] enable the spontaneous interactions that will support a new culture of public service innovation.”The new __53 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__ to recruitment would bring the profile of public sector workers closer to that of the private sector, which has three times as many under-24s in its workforce.The report also h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ighlights the scope for increased automation in policing through crowd-monitoring drones and facial recognition technology, although it acknowledges the concerns involved in holding people’s __54__.Alexander Hitc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hcock, the report’s co-author, said: “Such a rapid advance in the use of technology may seem controversial, and any job losses must be handled __55__. But the result would be public services that are better, safer, smarter and more affordable.”A. smart B. artificial C. manmade D. fakeA. saving B. costing C. spending D. makingA. intrude B. access C. lose D. fallA. outface B. outperform C. outfit D. outlastA. administrativ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e B. criminal C. surgical D. scientificA. embracing B. manipulating C. wrecking D. rescuingA. Facebook B. Twitter C. Uber D. WeChatA. destruction ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B. organization C. automation D. privatization A. develop B. identify C. change D. startA. national B. community C. domestic D. emergencyA. peaks B. declines C. falls D. holidaysA. on B. for C. up D. toA. way B. approach C. method D. meansA. officials B. servants C. agents D. imagesA. sensitively B. sensibly C. carelessly D. casually41-55 BADBC ACCBD ABBDA温故知新Tenses and Voices of VerbsThe first tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e we met in a café, both of us felt immediately that we ____had known______ (know) each other for years..A study of ancient ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writings and evidence ___shows___ (show) that for the past 5000 years, cats have been kept as pets.If their mark ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eting plans succeed, they ____will increase______ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.Population exper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts predict that most people ____will live______ (live) in cities in the near future.Oh, It’s you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )! I ____didn’t recognize______(not recognize) you. You look so different. When did you lose your weight At the current rate, f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our-fifths of the tremendous project ___is expected__ (expect) to be finished by the end of this year.Will you attend the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meeting this evening But I ____haven’t been told___ (not tell) anything about it.Cole Bettles __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had been rejected_____ (reject) by a number of universities when he received an e-mail from the University of California last month. Let us take a ser ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ious, reasonable look at what the result will be if such a proposal ____is accepted______. (accept)So far this yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, no measures ______have been taken______(take) against cruelty to animals despite their protest in the newspaper.By the time the canal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____was opened_/ opened_____ (open) in 1914, the more than 50-mile-long project had cost the United States more than $350 million and employed tens of thousands of people from around the world.Alice’s computer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______has gone______ (go) wrong though she used it only once. You’d better go and check it.No matter how good th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e finished product is, if it’s not correctly priced it _____won’t sell_____(sell).Is Tom still ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) smoking No. By next Saturday he ____will have gone______(go) for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.Sales of CDs have gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eatly increased since the early 1990’s, when people ____began______ (begin) to enjoy the advantage of this new technology.The old man is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t really employed at the supermarket. He ____is just helping______(help) out voluntarily until the new young assistant arrives.Flexible worki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng time with emphasis on more efficiency ____has been introduced______ (introduce) in some companies, and it is welcomed by most employees.Although he _____stayed_______(stay) in America for a long time, he’s never regretted his making his mind to return to his own country.I’m sorry. We do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t have enough teaching materials to go around. I ____didn’t expect______ (not expect) so many people would attend the lecture.The number of deaths ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from smoking-related diseases will be reduced greatly if people ____are persuaded______(persuade) to stop smoking at home and in public.According to China ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’s Ministry of Health, HIV and AIDS cases in China ____have risen____ (rise) by about 30% since 2005.Sally _____was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writing______ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished.The crazy fans ____had been waiting______ (wait) patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.Starting around 7,0 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )00 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere ____experienced______(experience) temperature warmer than at present.Shall we go to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the park now Not until I ___have finished_______ (finish) my physics exercises.ReadingSection B (每题2分，共22分)(A) A little under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one-third of U.S. families have no Internet access and do not plan to get it, with most of the holdouts seeing little use for it in their lives, according to a survey released on Friday. Park Associates, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Dallas-based technology market research firm, said 29 percent of U.S. families, or 31 million homes, do not have Internet access and do not intend to subscribe (付费使用) to an Internet service over the next 12 months. The second annual National Technology Scan conducted by Park found that the main reason why potential customers say they do not subscribe to the Internet is because of the low value to their daily lives rather than concerns over cost. Forty-four ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )percent of these families say they are not interested in anything on the Internet, versus just 22 percent who say they cannot afford a computer or the cost of Internet service, the survey showed. The answer “I’m not sure how to use the Internet” came from 17 percent of participants who do not subscribe. The response “I do all my e-commerce shopping and YouTube-watching at work” was cited by 14 percent of Internet-access users. Three percent said the Internet doesn’t reach their homes. The study f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ound U.S. broadband adoption grew to 52 percent over 2006, up from 42 percent in 2005. Roughly half of new subscribers converted (转变) from slower-speed, dial-up Internet access while the other half of families had no prior access. “The industry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )continues to chip (击破) away at the core of non-subscribers, but has a long way to go,” said John Barrett, director of research at Parks Associates. “Entertainment applications will be the key. If anything will pull in the holdouts, it’s going to be applications that make the Internet more similar to pay-TV,” he predicted.56. What does t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he underlined word “holdouts” in the first paragraph most probably mean A. Some American families.B. Those who hold out one’s opinions.C. Those who have been surveyed.D. Those who still haven’t access to the Internet currently.57. Many potentia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l customers refuse to subscribe to the Internet mainly because ______.A. they show too mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch concern about the cost B. they can find little value of itC. they do most YouTub ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e-watching at work D. the Internet doesn’t reach their homes58. From the passage we can infer that ______.A. it is not an easy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )job to transform those holdouts into the Internet usersB. people will adopt dial-up Internet access no moreC. many Americans enjoy doing e-commerce shopping at homeD. more than half of the population are using the Internet in 200559. Which is the best title for the passage A. Web Develops With Technology B. The Present Situation of WebC. Many American ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s See Little Point to Web D. It is Urgent to Promote Web Service (B) Today the car seems ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to make periodic leaps in progress. A variety of driver assistance technologies are appearing on new cars. A developing technology called Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication, or V2V, is being tested by automotive manufacturers as a way to help reduce the number of accidents. V2V works by using wireless signals to send information back and forth between cars about their location, speed and direction, so that they keep safe distances from each other. Another new technology being tested is Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication, or V2I. V2I would allow vehicles to communicate with road signs or traffic signals and provide information to the vehicle about safety issues. V2I could also request traffic information from a traffic management system and access the best possible routes. Both V2V and V2I have the potential to reduce around 80 percent of vehicle crashes on the road. More and more new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cars can reverse-park, read traffic signs, maintain a safe distance in steady traffic and brake automatically to avoid crashes. Moreover, a number of firms are creating cars that drive themselves to a chosen destination without a human at the controls. It is predicted that driverless cars will be ready for sale within five years. If and when cars go completely driverless, the benefits will be enormous. Google, which already uses prototypes of such cars to ferry its staff along Californian freeways, once put a blind man in a prototype and filmed him being driven off to buy takeaway hamburgers. If this works, huge numbers of elderly and disabled people can regain their personal mobility. The young will not have to pay crippling motor insurance, because their reckless hands and feet will no longer touch the wheel or the accelerator. People who commute by car will gain hours each day to work, rest, or read a newspaper. 60. Which of the following statements is true about V2V A. V2V communication has been very well developed. B. Through V2V, drivers can chat with each other on the road. C. V2V is designed to decrease crashes by keeping safe distances. D. Through V2V, a car can warn cyclists nearby of its approach. 61. Which of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he following is NOT a potential benefit of driverless cars A. The elderly will become more mobile. B. “Drivers” can sleep in cars all the way to work. C. People can race cars to their heart’s content. D. A blind man can get into a car and travel safely. 62. What can be inferred from the passage A. Cars will refuse to start if the driver is drunk. B. The future may be a vehicle-accident-free era. C. Everyone, including children, can afford a car. D. The production of driverless cars is still far away. (C)However attrac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tive the figures may look on paper, in the long run the success or failure of a merger depends on the human factor. When the agreement has been signed and the accountants have departed, the real problems may only just be beginning. If there is a culture clash between the two companies in the way their people work, then all the efforts of the financiers and lawyers to strike a deal may have been in vain.According to Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ris Bolton of KS Management Consultants, 70% of mergers fail to live up to their promise of shareholder value, riot through any failure in economic terms but because the integration of people is unsuccessful. Corporates, he explains, concentrate their efforts before a merger on legal, technical and financial matters. They employ a range of experts to obtain the most favorable contract possible. But even at these early stages, people issues must be taken into consideration. The strengths and weaknesses of both organizations should be assessed and, if it is a merger of equals, then careful thought should be given to which personnel, from which side, should take on the key roles.This was the issue ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in 2001 when the proposed merger between two pharmaceutical companies promised to create one of the largest players in the industry. For both companies the merger was intended to reverse falling market share and shareholder value. However, although the companies' skill bases were compatible, the chief executives of the two companies could not agree which of them was to head up the new organization. This illustrates the need to compromise if a merger is to take place.But even in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mergers that do go ahead, there can be culture clashes. One way to avoid this is to work with focus groups to see how employees view the existing culture of their organization. In one example, where two global organizations in the food sector were planning to merge, focus groups discovered that the companies displayed very different profiles. One was sales-focused, knew exactly what it wanted to achieve and pushed initiatives through. The other got involved in lengthy discussions, trying out options methodically and making contingency plans. The first responded quickly to changes in the marketplace; the second took longer, but the option it eventually chose was usually the correct one. Neither company’s approach would have worked for the other.63. According to the text, mergers can encounter problems whenA. contracts are signed too quickly.B. experts cannot predict accurate figures.C. conflicting attitudes cannot be resolved.D. staff are opposed to the terms of the deal.64. According ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to Chris Bolton, what do many organizations do in preparation for a merger A. ensure their interests are representedB. give reassurances to shareholdersC. consider the effect of a merger on employeesD. analyze the varying strengths of their staff65. The proposed merger of two pharmaceutical groups failed becauseA. major shareholders were opposed.B. there was a fall in the demand for their products.C. there were problems combining their areas of expertise.D. an issue of personal rivalry could not be resolved.66. According to the text, focus groups can help companies toA. develop new initiatives.B. adopt contingency plans.C. be decisive and react rapidly.D. evaluate how well matched they are.Section C (每题2分，共8分)Directions: Re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Dr. Higgs was only one of several people with a claim. B. So a degree of caution is probably advisable.C. But Dr. Higgs wasn’t the person who figured out the theory.D. One reason is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the committee can often be slow to recognize achievement. E. Science often work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s like this, with different people coming up with similar ideas at similar times.F. It was unfair, therefore, to grant the prize to Peter Higgs. The Nobel prizes i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n physiology or medicine, physics and chemistry are the most distinguished medals in science. But talk to scientists in private, and many will complain. Why (besides jealousy, perhaps) are some scientists unhappy with the Nobels ____67____ Alfred Nobel, who set up the prizes in 1895, specified in his will that the prizes should reward work done in the previous year. But experience soon showed that this was risky, as medals were given out for discoveries that later proved questionable. ____68____ Sometimes, though, it can be taken too far. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, for instance, had to wait until 1983 to win a prize for work he had done in the 1930s on the structure of stars. And caution can sometimes lead to strange results. Albert Einstein never won a prize for his theory of relativity. Even though some pretty suggestive evidence had been produced by Arthur Eddington in 1919, relativity—which has later passed every experimental test ever thrown at it—was still considered somewhat risky and incomprehensible.Another criticism co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncerns the tradition that no more than three people can share a prize. Science is rarely this clear-cut. Take this year’s physics prize, which recognized Peter Higgs for predicting the existence of the mass-bestowing particle that now bears his name. ____69____ Tow other teams—Brout and Englert, as well as Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble—presented papers on the same idea to the same journal that published Dr. Higg’s work, all within a few months of each other. ____70____ In the event, the committee decided to honor Dr. Englert (Brout is dead, and therefore unqualified), whose paper was earlier than Dr. Higg’s but did not clearly predict a particle, over Dr. Guralnik and his fellow workers, who were more comprehensive but published a few weeks later. 56-59 DBAC 60-62 CCB 63-66 CADD 67-70 DBAEV. Translation (3+3+4+5，共15分)Directions: Tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nslate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets. 1. 一四季随机播放的上海的天气是什么鬼啊！(How)2. 姚明(Yao)的退役不仅宣告了一个时代的结束，而且留给我们一段美好的回忆。(Not only…, but also…)3. 尽管很多女生对选择王思聪还是华晨宇以满足幻想举棋不定，但是她们最终不得不面对现实努力工作。(Despite)4. 节食减肥毫无益处，你永远都不会有傲人的A4腰，除非你经常多做像打羽毛球之类的运动。(good) 1. How changeable the weather all year round in Shanghai is!2. Not only d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id Yao Ming’s retirement declare the end of an era, but he also left us many sweet/good memories.3. Despite the fact t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat many girls hesitate over whether to choose Wang Sicong or Hua Chenyu to fulfill their fantasy, they finally have to face reality and work hard.4. It is no goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d going on a diet to lose weight, as you will never have the wasp/slim/slender waist that is enviable, unless you exercise regularly, like playing badminton.
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