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备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第1讲 词汇A +语法填空专题 教师版
教学内容
进门小练笔进才中学Recently, I flew to L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down. High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land . We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts (21) (fasten)because there might be a few bumps . Well, that few minutes turned into about four-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster (22) (pale) by comparison.
The movement was so fierce(23) several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags. (24) you might guess, that's not good thing to have happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.
About twenty minutes into the adventure,the entire airplane became very quiet. There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life…(25) one. A baby was having a good time! With each bump of the aircraft , he (26) let out a giggle of delight. As I observed this, I realized that he didn't know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety. He (27) thought about the past nor about the future. Those are (28) we grown-ups have learned from experience. He was enjoying the ride because(29) (not teach)to fear it. (30) (understand)this, I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat, pretending I was really on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even managed to giggle once or twice, much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.Keys：21. fastened 2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2. pale 23. that 24. As 25. except 26.would 27.neither 28.what 29. had not been taught 30.Having understood课堂导入话题导读欧洲堡垒策略，能否拯救四分五裂的欧盟最近，欧盟委员会主席让-克洛德·容克（Je ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an-Claude Juncker）在欧洲议会上发表了任期内最后一次国情咨文演讲，敦促欧盟成员国政府，利用英国退欧和经济上扬的机会，在全球贸易的核心形成一个更紧密的联盟，并表示欧盟必须成为“全球领导者”。本次演讲还集中讨论了欧洲移民、安全和外交政策等问题。容克承诺将在欧盟外部边境进行更大规模、更集中的巡逻，与遭受移民潮冲击的南部成员国“团结一致”。 与此同时，容克还呼吁欧盟寻求 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和非洲建立新的结盟关系。此举不但可以展现欧盟的国际影响力，还可以创造数以百万计的工作机会，同时也有助于遏止移民横渡地中海前往欧洲。去接连出现英国脱欧、民粹主义高涨、移民危机和经济困境等情况，导致欧盟 “状态不佳”。如今欧盟是否能善用动能，趁风航行？我们拭目以待。2.外刊话题提要(选自The Economists Espresso)Fortress Europe The state of the EU① Today the pres ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ident of the European Commission delivers his last State of the Union speech before the European Parliament.② Jean-Claude J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uncker will promise larger and more centralised patrols of the EU's external borders, "solidarity" with southern members bearing the brunt of migration flows, and new development co-operation with African states.③ To some, t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his "Fortress Europe" strategy risks undermining the union's humanitarian responsibilities; others think it a fair response to voters' concerns.④ Europe remains profoundly divided on the subject.⑤ Southern mem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bers are reluctant to delegate their border regimes to Brussels.⑥ Some norther ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n and eastern ones do not want their share of asylum seekers.⑦ Meanwhile, north Af ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican states are unhappy at hosting transit camps for would-be migrants to Europe.⑧ Some obser ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vers fear that more development in Africa may in the short term increase the number of middle-class Africans with the wherewithal to migrate.⑨ Mr Juncker will stress unity.⑩ His prescriptio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns could illustrate how ambitious that aspiration is.2.生词好句fortress / f tr s, f rtr s/: n. 要塞；堡垒deliver ... speech /d l v , d l v r/: 发表演讲centralised / sentr la zd/: adj. 集中化的；中央集权的patrol /p tr l/: n. 巡逻solidarity / s l d r ti, sɑ l der t i/: n. 团结一致brunt /br nt/: n. 最大压力；主要压力bear/feel the brunt of: 承受……的最大/主要压力Education will bear the brunt of the cuts.(经费) 削减/减少，教育将会承受最大的压力。Small companies are feeling the brunt of the recession.小公司正在承受经济不景气的巨大压力。undermine / nd ma n, nd r ma n/: vt. 逐渐削弱；损害humanitarian /hju m n teri n/: adj. 人道主义的 n. 人道主义者profoundly /pr fa ndli/: adv. 极度地；深刻地reluctant /r l kt nt/: adj. 勉强的；不情愿的delegate / del ɡe t/ / del ɡ t/: vt. 委托；授权 n. 代表regime /re i m/: n. 政权；管理权share / e , e r/: n. 份额；部分asylum seeker: 寻求 (政治) 庇护者asylum / sa l m/: n. 避难transit camp / tr nz t/: 中转难民营；临时难民营would-be / w dbi/: adj. 想要成为……的；未来的the wherewithal / we w l, werw l/: 必要的资金或手段等He wants to buy a big house, but he doesn't have the wherewithal.他想买一个大房子，但是没有足够的资金。prescription /pr skr p n/: n. 解决方案；建议；处方illustrate / l stre t/: vt. (尤指用例子) 说明；阐明aspiration / sp re n/: n. 渴望达到的目标；志向，抱负精讲精练【知识梳理1】考纲词汇A：1.abandon abandon my bad habit抛弃坏习惯2.access sb have access to education有受教育的权利3.accessible sth be accessible to sb 某人可以获得4. aboard ~ the ship / the plane 5.ability have the ~ to do sth 6.abroad go abroad7.about be ~ to do I was ~ to leave when it began to rain. 正要做...这时8.absent be absent from class 缺席、逃课 反义词：be present at absence 9.absorb be absorbed in…全神贯注10.abstract adj 抽象的 an ~ painting ant. concrete 具体的11.accept v 接受;认可 ~ sth (as sth) ~ sb as one’s life-long companion把…作为终身伴侣 12.accepted an ~ed fact公认的事实 It is accepted that .... 13.accuse vt 指责 ~ sb of cheating谴责某人欺诈 syn. charge sb with sth 14.accustomed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )adj. 适应了的; 习惯的 be /become / get / grow ~ (=used) to sth / doing习惯于 15.achieve vt 实现; 达到 ~ success16.acquire vt 取得, 学到 ~ knowledge / skills 17.adapt vi (使) 适应, (使) 适合adapt (oneself) to sth She ~ed (herself) to the climate. 适应新环境18 .adopt vt采纳; 收养 ~ an orphan19.adequate adj. 足够的 eat an ~ breakfast 20.adjust vt 调整,调节 ~ one’s watch 21.admire admire sb for sth 赞赏, 钦佩22. admit be admitted to the university被大学录取 admission admission ticket 23.advance v. 前进 advance two miles n. 前进; 进步 advanced adj 先 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进的 have ~ ideas / ~ classes 提高班 advancement [U] 进步24.advantage disadvantages25.advertise advertisement26.accompany vt a. 陪伴 ~ sb to the police station b. 伴奏 Who’s going to ~ him on the piano 27.accomplish vt 实行; 完成 ~ a goal28.account ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) vi说明(原因等) ~ for sth His illness ~s for his absence book account n.银行帐户29.affect vt. 影响; ~ one’s health30. affection [U,C] 喜爱, 慈爱 have an affection for sb/sth 31.agreeable adj. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be ~ to the ear n. agreement arrive at / reach / come to an ~ 32.aggressive adj. She’s always ~. / Boys are often more ~ than girls.33.ahead of time = ~ schedule 提前34.alert adj 警觉的, 警惕的, 机警的 be ~ to sth 35.alternative ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) adj & n 供选择的; 抉择; have no alternative (=choice) but to do36.ambition [U, C] achieve /fulfill one's ~s37.analysis n.分析 vt. analyze ~ a sentence38.announce vt. 宣布; 通告 It is announced that… n. announcement announcer 39.annoy vt. 使烦恼; 打扰 be / get ~ed (with sb) (at / about sth); 40.annual adj. 每的 ~ event, meeting, report, income / enjoy an ~ growth of 5 % 41.anxious adj. 焦虑的; 急切的; 渴望的 be ~ about one’s health 42.apparent adj. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 显然的 = obvious It became apparent that she was going to die. 43.appeal vi a ~ to sb = attract Football ~s to people of all ages. 44.appetite n (1) [U] stimulate one’s ~/ lose one’s ~/ have a good ~ 45.apply a. ~ for a job, post, passport n. application 申请 b. application (to sth) 应用 46.appoint a. 任命 ~ sb mayor47.appreciat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e vt欣赏; 感谢 ~ I’d ~ it very much if you’d … / ~ one’s kindness in doing sth / show appreciation of good music 对音乐有欣赏能力 48.approach v. 接近 Christmas is ~ing. /a new approach to language teaching 方法49.approve vt 批准; 赞成 ~ an anti-pollution law 批准反污染法 vi 赞成 ~ of the plan 50.arise (arose, arisen) A new problem / difficulty has arisen. 51.arouse vt. 唤醒 ~ sb from sth 引起 arouse one’s interest 52.arrange vt 安排 ~ sth / ~ to do / ~ for sb to do / ~ that n. arrangement make ~ s for sth 53.artificial adj. 人造的; 仿真的 ~ flowers54.aspect positive and negetive ~s of city life55.associate vt 结合在一起 ~A with B Red is ~d with danger n. association a. 联合,联盟association football 英式足球 ~ football 56.assemble v. All the students (were) ~d in the hall.57.assess vt. 估价, 对…进行评估 / 评价 ~ the value of the house at $60,000 / ~ a school 58.assign vt. a. 布置/分配 ~ homework / a task to sb b. 指派/指定 ~ sb to do n. assignment 59.assume ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) vt 假定 a. ~ a statement to be correct / It’s ~d that b. 承担 ~ office / a responsibility60.assure vt 使(某人)相信 ~ sb of sth / ~ sb that I ~ you of his honesty / that he’s honest. cf: ensure61.astonish vt. be ~ed at sth / to do sth / that cf: surprise / amaze / shock n. astonishment to one’s ~ 62.attach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) vt 连接; 使依附 ~ the wire to the radio ~ importance to sth 重视,63.attempt vt 企图; 试图; 试图做 ~ an escape n. make an attempt to escape 64.available be ~ to sb This kind of imformation is ~ to you on the Internet. 65.awaken vt 唤醒 a. be ~ed by the frightening noise 66.award ~ sb a prize / a medal / a scholarship cf: reward sb with sth (for sth)67.awkward adj. find oneself in an ~ situation 发现自己处于尴尬的局面【知识梳理2】概述：做语法填空要养成良好的习惯，快速读懂全文，画出连接词和谓语动词，必要时要做句子成分分析，先易后难。连词：I.看完整句子，画出谓语动词，谓语动词数-1=连接词数II. 状语从句和并列句往往是两个较独立的分句，关键要看两个句字之间的逻辑关系比较特别的有：（1）______句子，句子。（2）_______adj./adv. 主谓，句子。 However (3) n./adj./adv./过去分词______主系，句子。 as (4) 含有still的提示词，一般考查though，although, even if，even though让步状语从句 （5）前后句意相反时一般考查b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut的并列句或though，although, even if，even though等引导的让步状语从句。 注意：but强调but后的分句；th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough，although, even if，even though等强调主句；while表示对比时，前后两句的句子结构很相似，而且不偏不倚。（6）有then, previously等时间副词提示时，暗示的可能是时间状语从句。（7）注意and及后文的句式提示，上下文也会暗示连词的选择。III.常考状语从句连接词：时间：when, as, while, before, after, since, ,the moment ,the first time ,next time ,till/until, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as, every time, each time, next time, by the time1）It will be ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before 一般现在时 “还要过多久才……” 2）It will be not ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before一般现在时 “不多久就……”3）It was ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before一般过去时 “过了……才”4）It is + 一段时间 ＋ since 引导的时间从句 （从句用一般过去时）5）主语 was doing/about to do/ on the point of doing when 一般过去时句子 某人正在/将做……这时突然……条件：unless, if ,as/s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o long as=on condition that, as far as, given that, what if让步: whether…o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r/or not, while, though, even though, even if, although, as, no matter wh- 与 wh-ever原因：because, as, for, since, now that, in that目的：so that, in order that, in case, for fear that结果：so that, so…that, such…that地点：where方式：as if, as though, as, just as, 比较：…than…IV.并列连词：and, but, or, sonot only…but (also)…not…but…either…or…neither…or…V. 名词性从句：（1）及物动词或介词后的从句：宾语从句（th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever ） (2) be动词或系动词后的从句： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表语从句（that, because, as if/though, whether, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever ） (3)整个从句为主语：主语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句（that, whether, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever） (4)在名词后，而且多数是在抽象名词后，从句不缺成分，或连接词也不代指前面的名：同位语从句（主要考查that, whether） (5) 名词从句中，从句缺主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语或宾语的，多考察what(物)/who（人）；从句主干完整的，啥都不缺的且陈述事实填that；从句主干完整的，但感觉需要状语的，选when,where,why,how (6)难点易错点：a. 第二个宾语从句开始的that不可以省略。b. 名词性从句如果是：____________adj./adv. 主谓，句子。 howc. suggest、propose及其变形引导的名词性从句，要考虑that 主语 （should）动词原形。VI．定语从句： （1）名词或代词后的从句，而且连接词一定做成分，感觉先行词要在从句中出现。 （2）关系代词：that，who, which, whose, whom, as 关系副词：when, where, why (3) 定语从句缺宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语或主语等主干的，选关系代词that，who, which；定语从句主干完整的选关系副词when, where, why或whose。 （4）难点易错点： a. 先行词是all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、something、anything、nothing、或被不定代词修饰，或被序数词最高级等修饰时，只填that。 b. 介词+which c. 引导非限制性定语从句中，不可以用that。此外注意as和which的区别。 VII.特殊句型：强调句，It is/was… t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat/who…。当看见it was/is开头的句型，首先想到强调句，如何把It is/was…_____....去掉后依然是完整的句子，则是强调句。VIII.常考的两空和三空的连接词：两空连词： 表时间：every/each time, the moment 表原因： now that 表让步： even if/even though 表方式： as if/ as though；just as 表目的： so that；in case 表结果： so that；so…that 定语从句中：介词+ which 表条件： what if，given that 表除了： except when/that 表语从句：as if/ as though三空连词： 表目的： in order that, for fear that 表时间： as soon as 表条件： as/so long as, on condition that 表程度： as far as 表让步： no matter how+ adj. no matter what+ n. 介词：(1)位于非主干位置，且结构为：n./pron._____n./pron./doing(2)考察本义的，需要结合句子意思；考察搭配的，需要熟记用法和搭配。（3）常考介词：一空：Despite, from, to, b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etween, outside, beyond, with, without, within, as, of, at, in, on, against, like, for, across, by, through, among, past, except两空： 表原因： because of/due to/owing to 表让步： regardless of 表相反： instead of, rather than 表除了： apart from, except for, other than 表例举： such as 三空： 表让步： in spite of 表并列： in addition to, as well as 表目的： in case of 冠词：______n.注意同位语的考查。代词：只单纯的缺主语/宾语/定语，一般考查代词。注意根据后面的谓语动词或者定语从句分析来选择一些作主语的代词。人称代词的主格、宾格、形容词性所有格、名词性所有格反身代词：搭配：by oneself, teach oneself独立使用，句子很完整，啥都不缺，表示某人自己不定代词：somebody, somethin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g, someone, anybody, anything, anyone, nobody, nothingall, much, both, none, either, neitherother, others, anther注意搭配：some…others…still others(4)指示代词： it, one, ones, that, those注意: that=the+不可数名词或可数名词单数 those=the+可数名词复数情态动词：(1)主语______动词原形/have done…(2)一空的情态动词：can, could, may, might, should, must, would两空的情态动词：have to, may well, ought to三空的情态动词：may/might as well(3)情态动词 have donea. 表猜测：may/might have done （过去）可能做must have done（过去）肯定做b. 表虚拟：should/ ought to have done本应该做……实际上没有做must have done本可以做……实际上没有做助动词：do/did，可能在倒装句中考查到，但是很少考。形容词副词：不规则变化:many/much more mostlittle less leastgood/well better bestbad/badly/ill worse worstfar farther/further fathest/furthest 注意less adj./adv.的用法注意far, even, ever, much, still, a lot, a bit, a little暗示比较级谓语：主要考察时态语态,通过画连词和谓语动词，发现没有谓语动词的则缺谓语动词。（1）应对时态技巧：时间标志词；2. 前后文语境时态一致性；3. 固定句型句型：I was doing sth. when sth. happened…I was about to do sth. when sth. happened…I was on the point of doing sth. when sth. happenedI had just done sth. when sth. happened (when：这时, 强调一个动作的突然发生)祈使句+ or/otherwise + ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sb will(not) do sth. 或 祈使句+ and + sb will(not) do sth.It was (not ) + 时间段+before +一般过去时 过了一段时间就……..It will (not )be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时 要过一段时间才会…It is/ has been +时间段+ since sb.did sth.It was +点时间+ when sth. happened…..It is the first time t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat sb. has done sth./It was the first time sb. had done sth.Hardly had sb. d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one sth.when. sth.happened/No sooner had sb. done sth. than sth. happenedIt is high time that sb. did…（2）应对语态技巧：观察所给动词是否是及物动词：如果是不及物动词，主动语态；如果是及物动词： 注意：带双宾的及物动词和某些短语也能带宾语非谓语：通过画连词和谓语动词，发现已经有谓语动词的则缺非谓语动词。特殊应对技巧：观察所给动词是否是及物动词：如果是不及物动词，主动语态，填非谓语的主动形式to do/doing；如果是及物动词： 注意：带双宾的及物动词和某些短语也能带宾语be v-ed 介词的结构，考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查非谓语时，去掉be即可，即考查过去分词。注意这些词组的还原主动形式，expose oneself/sth to sth.，即带宾语的用主动形式。（2）常规掌握知识点：I. 不定式：a. 宾语：
afford、prom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desireb. 宾补：ask / require / tel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l / order / force / get / want / like/advise/allow/cause/consider/ encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb. to do. sth.c. 定语：ability, c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )apability, talent, potential, chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the onlyd. 省略：① see、watch、no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。比较：have nothing to do but do /have nothing but to dohave no choice but to do /can’t (help) but do e.主动表被动：sb./sth. be to blame.不定式作插入语not to mention 更不用说to tell the truthto be frankto be honestto make a long story short长活短说needless to say不必说to be exact确切地说to begin with II. 动名词：
a. 必须接动名词做动词宾语的动词 （记忆为主，小心陷阱和特殊）四类表示建议、完成、推迟、想象：suggest, finish, postpone, delay, imagine表示需要、承认、介意、原谅：require, admit, mind, pardon, excuse, confess to表示避免、冒险、练、逃、错过：avoid, prevent, risk, practice, escape, miss表示允许、考虑、理解、欢、赏：allow, permit, consider, understand, enjoy, appreciateSb.\ sth. doing的有a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ppreciate, consider, excuse, mind, propose, suggest, admit, delay, prevent, decline, forgive等。三can’t: can’t help , can’t stand, can’t bear. 注意：can’t help to do 不能帮着做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事b. 固定搭配 trouble / difficulty/ problems/funS + have + a problem/a struggle/ + ( in ) +V-ing a good time/a hard time spend timebe busy ( in ) doing sth.end up doing It is no use/good/useless doingThere is no point/sense doingc.主动表被动：need, want, require, deserve, be (well) worth doingIII.分词宾补：(注意使役动词)get/have/catch/set/keep/leave/start/send+宾语+doingget/have/make/keep/leave +宾语+done分词作插入语generally speaking一般说来talking of /speaking of 说起 strictly speaking 严格地说judging from 从…判断 all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来当堂检测复旦附中Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported Wednesday, the first public pronouncement about the star (21) she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).According to state-run news agency Xinhua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "https: / / edition.cnn.com / 2018 / 10 / 02 / entertainment / china-fan-bingbing-tax-intl / _blank ), Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she (22) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal (23) the authorities her true remuneration(薪酬)and avoid millions of dollars in taxes.Fan and companies rel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ated to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million. Because she was (24) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce from public view sparked widespread speculation (25) she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but (26) didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (27 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government."As a public ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing (my companies), (28) led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests."Fan admitted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to signing the contracts and said she "completely accepts" the decision by tax authorities."Without the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )avorable polices of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there (29) have been no Fan Bingbing," she added.Her case was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (30) all back taxes in the entertainment industry.Keys:21.after 22 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). had received 23.from 24. a 25. that 26. it 27.posted 28.which 29. would 30. to recover 控江Time to fight gaming problemIf you’re a gam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er constantly(21) (glue) to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, the WHO officially listed “gaming disorder “ (22) a mental illness, like drug or gambling addiction. Video gaming is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) like a non-financial kind of gambling from a psychological point of view. Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score , (23) gamers use points .However , playing your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) favorite game every now and then is no reason to be worried People need to understand this doesn't mean every child who spends hours playing games(24) (be) an addict , otherwise doctors (25) (flood) with requests for help .But accordin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to the WHO , (26) you lose control over your gaming habits and put gaming above everything else in life , you should be prepared to face serious problems . According to a study published by China Youth Daily in July , about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day .Thankfully , me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asures have been taken (27) ( address ) the problem . In April the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.Other countries h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave also taken action . In 2011 , South Korea passed a “shutdown law” to stop children under the age of 16 from playing video games between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m. Meanwhile,in Japan,some mobile phones have a special mode for children(28) lets their parents control what games they can download and(29) they can play them for . In the United States , the Entertainment Software Rating Board a non-profit organization , puts age restrictions on most games ,(30) ( mean ) the children under a certain age are unable to buy them.Keys:glued 22. as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 23. while 24. is 25. will be flooded 26. if 27. to address 28. that 29. how long 30. meaning温故知新洋泾中学A Quick Tip for Achieving New Years ResolutionsWith the new year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) coming up, many people will be setting their annual new years resolution. According to a University of Scranton study, less than 10% of those who set resolutions achieve them. If this(21) (be )the case for you over the years, here's a tip you can try.Assuming the goal yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u choose is achievable, (22) getting overly excited and going full force with your goal, start off slowly. Achieving most goals comes down to (23) (drive)to do certain tasks on regular basis until the desired outcome is achieved. “Rome was not built ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in a day”, to (24) you might turn a deaf ear at first, though. Let's say your goal is to cut down on spending (25) you are able to save more money saved up. You could greatly cut down from the beginning but(26) can just lead to feeling like you're depriving yourself of something. So next time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you want to quit some habit like smoking, do it gradually. (27) (ease) yourself into the permanent changes you're making to your life and it ll be easier to mentally and physically handle. This isn’t to say th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e full force，all-in,gung－ho（雄心壮志的） method won’t work. If this has been working for you, then by all means, keep doing it. If it hasn't however, and has only led to feeling (28) (frustrate), then try the "gradual change"approach. The main goal i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to transform the action steps necessary(29) (turn ) your goal into habits. Hope the above intelligence will be useful to(30) has the determination to lead a decent and happy life. Keys:21. Has been 22. ins ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tead of 23. being driven 24. which 25. in order that 26. it 27. Ease 28. frustrated 29. to turn 30. whoever七宝中学Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your BrainSure, chocolate is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a delicious treat, and it’s a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it’s not a health food, so it should be enjoyed in moderation-right Well, it turns ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t that (21) (eat) chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to research (22) (conduct) by five scientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols(黄烷醇), can help boost cognitive (认知的) performance. Yes, chocolate’s good for your brain.The scientist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, studying at the Universities of Rome and L’Aquila,(23) (record) research from ten different studies. The studies assessed people’s performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were pretty telling: in nine out of the ten studies, there was a noticeable improvement (24) the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in “general cognition, attention, processing speed and working memory.” Sounds pretty good to us!And that’s not all. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanols helped “counteract”the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there’s even more good news. (25) (take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months chocolate can produce noticeable long-term improvements in cognition. Older adults, (26) memories were already declining, saw an especially significant improvement.All chocolate has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers feel happier, (27) it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists (28) have claimed that, after doing this research, they’ve started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other health benefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we’re not saying you (29) start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch and dinner - it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead, (30) take advantage of chocolate’s new found brainpower with these delicious recipes. Keys:21. eating 22. c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onducted 23. recorded 24. after 25. Taken 26. whose 27. because/since/as 28. themselves 29.should/must 30. and
状语从句连词
主动形式
vt.后面有宾语的
后接一个宾语的及物动词vt.
被动形式
vt.后面没有宾语的
主、宾、表、定表、定表、定表、定表、定
动名词doing
定、表、状、宾补，进行/主动
现在分词
非谓语动词
分词
定、表、状、宾补，完成/被动
过去分词
不定式to do
主、宾、表、定、宾补、目的状语、结果状语，“要”
主动形式to do/doing
vt.后面有宾语的
后接一个宾语的及物动词vt.
被动形式done/to be done
vt.后面没有宾语的
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进门小练笔进才中学Recently, I f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down. High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land . We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts (21) (fasten)because there might be a few bumps . Well, that few minutes turned into about four-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster (22) (pale) by comparison.
The movement was so fierce(23) several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags. (24) you might guess, that's not good thing to have happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.
About twenty minutes into the adventure,the entire airplane became very quiet. There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life…(25) one. A baby was having a good time! With each bump of the aircraft , he (26) let out a giggle of delight. As I observed this, I realized that he didn't know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety. He (27) thought about the past nor about the future. Those are (28) we grown-ups have learned from experience. He was enjoying the ride because(29) (not teach)to fear it. (30) (understand)this, I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat, pretending I was really on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even managed to giggle once or twice, much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.课堂导入1.话题导读欧洲堡垒策略，能否拯救四分五裂的欧盟最近，欧盟委员会主席让-克洛德·容克（ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Jean-Claude Juncker）在欧洲议会上发表了任期内最后一次国情咨文演讲，敦促欧盟成员国政府，利用英国退欧和经济上扬的机会，在全球贸易的核心形成一个更紧密的联盟，并表示欧盟必须成为“全球领导者”。本次演讲还集中讨论了欧洲移民、安全和外交政策等问题。容克承诺将在欧盟外部边境进行更大规模、更集中的巡逻，与遭受移民潮冲击的南部成员国“团结一致”。 与此同时，容克还呼吁欧盟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )寻求和非洲建立新的结盟关系。此举不但可以展现欧盟的国际影响力，还可以创造数以百万计的工作机会，同时也有助于遏止移民横渡地中海前往欧洲。去接连出现英国脱欧、民粹主义高涨、移民危机和经济困境等情况，导致欧盟 “状态不佳”。如今欧盟是否能善用动能，趁风航行？我们拭目以待。1.外刊话题提要(选自The Economists Espresso)Fortress Europe The state of the EU① Today the presid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent of the European Commission delivers his last State of the Union speech before the European Parliament.② Jean-Claude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Juncker will promise larger and more centralised patrols of the EU's external borders, "solidarity" with southern members bearing the brunt of migration flows, and new development co-operation with African states.③ To some, this "Fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rtress Europe" strategy risks undermining the union's humanitarian responsibilities; others think it a fair response to voters' concerns.④ Europe remains profoundly divided on the subject.⑤ Southern mem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bers are reluctant to delegate their border regimes to Brussels.⑥ Some northern and ea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stern ones do not want their share of asylum seekers.⑦ Meanwhile, north Af ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican states are unhappy at hosting transit camps for would-be migrants to Europe.⑧ Some observ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers fear that more development in Africa may in the short term increase the number of middle-class Africans with the wherewithal to migrate.⑨ Mr Juncker will stress unity.⑩ His prescript ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions could illustrate how ambitious that aspiration is.1.生词好句fortress / f tr s, f rtr s/: n. 要塞；堡垒deliver ... speech /d l v , d l v r/: 发表演讲centralised / sentr la zd/: adj. 集中化的；中央集权的patrol /p tr l/: n. 巡逻solidarity / s l d r ti, sɑ l der t i/: n. 团结一致brunt /br nt/: n. 最大压力；主要压力bear/feel the brunt of: 承受……的最大/主要压力Education will bear the brunt of the cuts.(经费) 削减/减少，教育将会承受最大的压力。Small companies are feeling the brunt of the recession.小公司正在承受经济不景气的巨大压力。undermine / nd ma n, nd r ma n/: vt. 逐渐削弱；损害humanitarian /hju m n teri n/: adj. 人道主义的 n. 人道主义者profoundly /pr fa ndli/: adv. 极度地；深刻地reluctant /r l kt nt/: adj. 勉强的；不情愿的delegate / del ɡe t/ / del ɡ t/: vt. 委托；授权 n. 代表regime /re i m/: n. 政权；管理权share / e , e r/: n. 份额；部分asylum seeker: 寻求 (政治) 庇护者asylum / sa l m/: n. 避难transit camp / tr nz t/: 中转难民营；临时难民营would-be / w dbi/: adj. 想要成为……的；未来的the wherewithal / we w l, werw l/: 必要的资金或手段等He wants to buy a big house, but he doesn't have the wherewithal.他想买一个大房子，但是没有足够的资金。prescription /pr skr p n/: n. 解决方案；建议；处方illustrate / l stre t/: vt. (尤指用例子) 说明；阐明aspiration / sp re n/: n. 渴望达到的目标；志向，抱负精讲精练【知识梳理1】考纲词汇A：1.abandon abandon my bad habit抛弃坏习惯2.access sb have access to education有受教育的权利3.accessible sth be accessible to sb 某人可以获得4. aboard ~ the ship / the plane 5.ability have the ~ to do sth 6.abroad go abroad7.about be ~ t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o do I was ~ to leave when it began to rain. 正要做...这时8.absent be absent from class 缺席、逃课 反义词：be present at absence 9.absorb be absorbed in…全神贯注10.abstract adj 抽象的 an ~ painting ant. concrete 具体的11.accept v 接受;认可 ~ sth (as sth) ~ sb as one’s life-long companion把…作为终身伴侣 12.accepted an ~ed fact公认的事实 It is accepted that .... 13.accuse vt 指 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )责 ~ sb of cheating谴责某人欺诈 syn. charge sb with sth 14.accustomed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) adj. 适应了的; 习惯的 be /become / get / grow ~ (=used) to sth / doing习惯于 15.achieve vt 实现; 达到 ~ success16.acquire vt 取得, 学到 ~ knowledge / skills 17.adapt vi (使) 适应, (使) 适合adapt (oneself) to sth She ~ed (herself) to the climate. 适应新环境18 .adopt vt采纳; 收养 ~ an orphan19.adequate adj. 足够的 eat an ~ breakfast 20.adjust vt 调整,调节 ~ one’s watch 21.admire admire sb for sth 赞赏, 钦佩22. admit be admitted to the university被大学录取 admission admission ticket 23.advance v. 前进 advance two miles n. 前进; 进步 advanced adj 先 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进的 have ~ ideas / ~ classes 提高班 advancement [U] 进步24.advantage disadvantages25.advertise advertisement26.accompany vt a. 陪伴 ~ sb to the police station b. 伴奏 Who’s going to ~ him on the piano 27.accomplish vt 实行; 完成 ~ a goal28.account vi说 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明(原因等) ~ for sth His illness ~s for his absence book account n.银行帐户29.affect vt. 影响; ~ one’s health30. affection [U,C] 喜爱, 慈爱 have an affection for sb/sth 31.agreeable adj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). be ~ to the ear n. agreement arrive at / reach / come to an ~ 32.aggressive adj. She’s always ~. / Boys are often more ~ than girls.33.ahead of time = ~ schedule 提前34.alert adj 警觉的, 警惕的, 机警的 be ~ to sth 35.alternative adj & n 供选择的; 抉择; have no alternative (=choice) but to do36.ambition [U, C] achieve /fulfill one's ~s37.analysis n.分析 vt. analyze ~ a sentence38.announce vt. 宣布; 通告 It is announced that… n. announcement announcer 39.annoy vt. 使烦恼; 打扰 be / get ~ed (with sb) (at / about sth); 40.annual adj. 每的 ~ event, meeting, report, income / enjoy an ~ growth of 5 % 41.anxious adj. 焦虑的; 急切的; 渴望的 be ~ about one’s health 42.apparent adj. 显然的 = obvious It became apparent that she was going to die. 43.appeal vi a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ~ to sb = attract Football ~s to people of all ages. 44.appetite n (1) [U] stimulate one’s ~/ lose one’s ~/ have a good ~ 45.apply a. ~ for a job, post, passport n. application 申请 b. application (to sth) 应用 46.appoint a. 任命 ~ sb mayor47.appreciate vt欣赏; 感谢 ~ I’d ~ it very much if you’d … / ~ one’s kindness in doing sth / show appreciation of good music 对音乐有欣赏能力 48.approach v. 接近 Christmas is ~ing. /a new approach to language teaching 方法49.approve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) vt 批准; 赞成 ~ an anti-pollution law 批准反污染法 vi 赞成 ~ of the plan 50.arise (arose, arisen) A new problem / difficulty has arisen. 51.arouse vt. 唤醒 ~ sb from sth 引起 arouse one’s interest 52.arrange vt 安排 ~ sth / ~ to do / ~ for sb to do / ~ that n. arrangement make ~ s for sth 53.artificial adj. 人造的; 仿真的 ~ flowers54.aspect positive and negetive ~s of city life55.associate vt 结合在一起 ~A with B Red is ~d with danger n. association a. 联合,联盟association football 英式足球 ~ football 56.assemble v. All the students (were) ~d in the hall.57.assess vt. 估价, 对…进行评估 / 评价 ~ the value of the house at $60,000 / ~ a school 58.assign vt. a. 布置/分配 ~ homework / a task to sb b. 指派/指定 ~ sb to do n. assignment 59.assume vt 假定 a. ~ a statement to be correct / It’s ~d that b. 承担 ~ office / a responsibility60.assure vt 使(某人)相信 ~ sb of sth / ~ sb that I ~ you of his honesty / that he’s honest. cf: ensure61.astonish vt. be ~ed at sth / to do sth / that cf: surprise / amaze / shock n. astonishment to one’s ~ 62.attach vt 连接; 使依附 ~ the wire to the radio ~ importance to sth 重视,63.attempt vt 企图; 试图; 试图做 ~ an escape n. make an attempt to escape 64.available be ~ to sb This kind of imformation is ~ to you on the Internet. 65.awaken vt 唤醒 a. be ~ed by the frightening noise 66.award ~ sb a prize / a medal / a scholarship cf: reward sb with sth (for sth)67.awkward adj. find oneself in an ~ situation 发现自己处于尴尬的局面【知识梳理2】概述：做语法填空要养成良好的习惯，快速读懂全文，画出连接词和谓语动词，必要时要做句子成分分析，先易后难。连词：I.看完整句子，画出谓语动词，谓语动词数-1=连接词数II. 状语从句和并列句往往是两个较独立的分句，关键要看两个句字之间的逻辑关系比较特别的有：（1）______句子，句子。（2）_______adj./adv. 主谓，句子。 However (3) n./adj./adv./过去分词______主系，句子。 as (4) 含有still的提示词，一般考查though，although, even if，even though让步状语从句 （5）前后句意相反时一般考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查but的并列句或though，although, even if，even though等引导的让步状语从句。 注意：but强调but后的分句；th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough，although, even if，even though等强调主句；while表示对比时，前后两句的句子结构很相似，而且不偏不倚。（6）有then, previously等时间副词提示时，暗示的可能是时间状语从句。（7）注意and及后文的句式提示，上下文也会暗示连词的选择。III.常考状语从句连接词：时间：when, as, while ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), before, after, since, ,the moment ,the first time ,next time ,till/until, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as, every time, each time, next time, by the time1）It will be ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before 一般现在时 “还要过多久才……” 2）It will be not ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before一般现在时 “不多久就……”3）It was ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before一般过去时 “过了……才”4）It is + 一段时间 ＋ since 引导的时间从句 （从句用一般过去时）5）主语 was doing/about to do/ on the point of doing when 一般过去时句子 某人正在/将做……这时突然……条件：unless, if ,as/so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) long as=on condition that, as far as, given that, what if让步: whether…o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r/or not, while, though, even though, even if, although, as, no matter wh- 与 wh-ever原因：because, as, for, since, now that, in that目的：so that, in order that, in case, for fear that结果：so that, so…that, such…that地点：where方式：as if, as though, as, just as, 比较：…than…IV.并列连词：and, but, or, sonot only…but (also)…not…but…either…or…neither…or…V. 名词性从句：（1）及物动词或介词后的从句： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语从句（that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever ） (2) be动词或系动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词后的从句：表语从句（that, because, as if/though, whether, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever ） (3)整个从句为主语：主语从句（ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that, whether, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever） (4)在名词后，而且多数是在抽象名词后，从句不缺成分，或连接词也不代指前面的名：同位语从句（主要考查that, whether） (5) 名词从句中，从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句缺主语或宾语的，多考察what(物)/who（人）；从句主干完整的，啥都不缺的且陈述事实填that；从句主干完整的，但感觉需要状语的，选when,where,why,how (6)难点易错点：a. 第二个宾语从句开始的that不可以省略。b. 名词性从句如果是：____________adj./adv. 主谓，句子。 howc. suggest、propose及其变形引导的名词性从句，要考虑that 主语 （should）动词原形。VI．定语从句： （1）名词或代词后的从句，而且连接词一定做成分，感觉先行词要在从句中出现。 （2）关系代词：that，who, which, whose, whom, as 关系副词：when, where, why (3) 定语从句缺宾语或主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语等主干的，选关系代词that，who, which；定语从句主干完整的选关系副词when, where, why或whose。 （4）难点易错点： a. 先行词是all、so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mething、anything、nothing、或被不定代词修饰，或被序数词最高级等修饰时，只填that。 b. 介词+which c. 引导非限制性定语从句中，不可以用that。此外注意as和which的区别。 VII.特殊句型：强调句，It is/was… t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat/who…。当看见it was/is开头的句型，首先想到强调句，如何把It is/was…_____....去掉后依然是完整的句子，则是强调句。VIII.常考的两空和三空的连接词：两空连词： 表时间：every/each time, the moment 表原因： now that 表让步： even if/even though 表方式： as if/ as though；just as 表目的： so that；in case 表结果： so that；so…that 定语从句中：介词+ which 表条件： what if，given that 表除了： except when/that 表语从句：as if/ as though三空连词： 表目的： in order that, for fear that 表时间： as soon as 表条件： as/so long as, on condition that 表程度： as far as 表让步： no matter how+ adj. no matter what+ n. 介词：(1)位于非主干位置，且结构为：n./pron._____n./pron./doing(2)考察本义的，需要结合句子意思；考察搭配的，需要熟记用法和搭配。（3）常考介词：一空：Despite, from, to, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) between, outside, beyond, with, without, within, as, of, at, in, on, against, like, for, across, by, through, among, past, except两空： 表原因： because of/due to/owing to 表让步： regardless of 表相反： instead of, rather than 表除了： apart from, except for, other than 表例举： such as 三空： 表让步： in spite of 表并列： in addition to, as well as 表目的： in case of 冠词：______n.注意同位语的考查。代词：只单纯的缺主语/宾语/定语，一般考查代词。注意根据后面的谓语动词或者定语从句分析来选择一些作主语的代词。人称代词的主格、宾格、形容词性所有格、名词性所有格反身代词：搭配：by oneself, teach oneself独立使用，句子很完整，啥都不缺，表示某人自己不定代词：somebody, somet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing, someone, anybody, anything, anyone, nobody, nothingall, much, both, none, either, neitherother, others, anther注意搭配：some…others…still others(4)指示代词： it, one, ones, that, those注意: that=the+不可数名词或可数名词单数 those=the+可数名词复数情态动词：(1)主语______动词原形/have done…(2)一空的情态动词：can, could, may, might, should, must, would两空的情态动词：have to, may well, ought to三空的情态动词：may/might as well(3)情态动词 have donea. 表猜测：may/might have done （过去）可能做must have done（过去）肯定做b. 表虚拟：should/ ought to have done本应该做……实际上没有做must have done本可以做……实际上没有做助动词：do/did，可能在倒装句中考查到，但是很少考。形容词副词：不规则变化:many/much more mostlittle less leastgood/well better bestbad/badly/ill worse worstfar farther/further fathest/furthest 注意less adj./adv.的用法注意far, even, ever, much, still, a lot, a bit, a little暗示比较级谓语：主要考察时态语态,通过画连词和谓语动词，发现没有谓语动词的则缺谓语动词。（1）应对时态技巧：时间标志词；2. 前后文语境时态一致性；3. 固定句型句型：I was doing sth. when sth. happened…I was about to do sth. when sth. happened…I was on the point of doing sth. when sth. happenedI had just done sth. when sth. happened (when：这时, 强调一个动作的突然发生)祈使句+ or/otherwise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+ sb will(not) do sth. 或 祈使句+ and + sb will(not) do sth.It was (not ) + 时间段+before +一般过去时 过了一段时间就……..It will (not )be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时 要过一段时间才会…It is/ has been +时间段+ since sb.did sth.It was +点时间+ when sth. happened…..It is the first time t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat sb. has done sth./It was the first time sb. had done sth.Hardly had sb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). done sth.when. sth.happened/No sooner had sb. done sth. than sth. happenedIt is high time that sb. did…（2）应对语态技巧：观察所给动词是否是及物动词：如果是不及物动词，主动语态；如果是及物动词： 注意：带双宾的及物动词和某些短语也能带宾语非谓语：通过画连词和谓语动词，发现已经有谓语动词的则缺非谓语动词。特殊应对技巧：观察所给动词是否是及物动词：如果是不及物动词，主动语态，填非谓语的主动形式to do/doing；如果是及物动词： 注意：带双宾的及物动词和某些短语也能带宾语be v-ed 介词的结构，考查非 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谓语时，去掉be即可，即考查过去分词。注意这些词组的还原主动形式，expose oneself/sth to sth.，即带宾语的用主动形式。（2）常规掌握知识点：I. 不定式：a. 宾语：
afford、promi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desireb. 宾补：ask / require / tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ order / force / get / want / like/advise/allow/cause/consider/ encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb. to do. sth.c. 定语：ability, capabil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity, talent, potential, chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the onlyd. 省略：① see、watch、notice、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。比较：have nothing to do but do /have nothing but to dohave no choice but to do /can’t (help) but do e.主动表被动：sb./sth. be to blame.不定式作插入语not to mention 更不用说to tell the truthto be frankto be honestto make a long story short长活短说needless to say不必说to be exact确切地说to begin with II. 动名词：
a. 必须接动名词做动词宾语的动词 （记忆为主，小心陷阱和特殊）四类表示建议、完成、推迟、想象：suggest, finish, postpone, delay, imagine表示需要、承认、介意、原谅：require, admit, mind, pardon, excuse, confess to表示避免、冒险、练、逃、错过：avoid, prevent, risk, practice, escape, miss表示允许、考虑、理解、欢、赏：allow, permit, consider, understand, enjoy, appreciateSb.\ sth. doing的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有appreciate, consider, excuse, mind, propose, suggest, admit, delay, prevent, decline, forgive等。三can’t: can’t help , can’t stand, can’t bear. 注意：can’t help to do 不能帮着做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事b. 固定搭配 trouble / difficulty/ problems/funS + have + a problem/a struggle/ + ( in ) +V-ing a good time/a hard time spend timebe busy ( in ) doing sth.end up doing It is no use/good/useless doingThere is no point/sense doingc.主动表被动：need, want, require, deserve, be (well) worth doingIII.分词宾补：(注意使役动词)get/have/catch/set/keep/leave/start/send+宾语+doingget/have/make/keep/leave +宾语+done分词作插入语generally speaking一般说来talking of /speaking of 说起 strictly speaking 严格地说judging from 从…判断 all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来当堂检测复旦附中Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported Wednesday, the first public pronouncement about the star (21) she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).According to state-run news agency Xinhua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "https: / / edition.cnn.com / 2018 / 10 / 02 / entertainment / china-fan-bingbing-tax-intl / _blank ), Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she (22) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal (23) the authorities her true remuneration(薪酬)and avoid millions of dollars in taxes.Fan and companies re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lated to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million. Because she w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as (24) first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arance from public view sparked widespread speculation (25) she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but (26) didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (27) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government."As a public figu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing (my companies), (28) led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests."Fan admitted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to signing the contracts and said she "completely accepts" the decision by tax authorities."Without the favor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )able polices of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there (29) have been no Fan Bingbing," she added.Her case was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (30) all back taxes in the entertainment industry.控江Time to fight gaming problemIf you’re a game ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r constantly(21) (glue) to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, the WHO officially listed “gaming disorder “ (22) a mental illness, like drug or gambling addiction. Video gaming is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )like a non-financial kind of gambling from a psychological point of view. Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score , (23) gamers use points .However , playi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng your favorite game every now and then is no reason to be worried People need to understand this doesn't mean every child who spends hours playing games(24) (be) an addict , otherwise doctors (25) (flood) with requests for help .But according t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the WHO , (26) you lose control over your gaming habits and put gaming above everything else in life , you should be prepared to face serious problems . According to a study published by China Youth Daily in July , about one in five young Chinese people play online video games for at least four to five hours per day .Thankfully , ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) measures have been taken (27) ( address ) the problem . In April the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.Other countries ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have also taken action . In 2011 , South Korea passed a “shutdown law” to stop children under the age of 16 from playing video games between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m. Meanwhile,in Japan,some mobile phones have a special mode for children(28) lets their parents control what games they can download and(29) they can play them for . In the United States , the Entertainment Software Rating Board a non-profit organization , puts age restrictions on most games ,(30) ( mean ) the children under a certain age are unable to buy them.温故知新洋泾中学A Quick Tip for Achieving New Years ResolutionsWith the new year c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oming up, many people will be setting their annual new years resolution. According to a University of Scranton study, less than 10% of those who set resolutions achieve them. If this(21) (be )the case for you over the years, here's a tip you can try.Assuming the goal y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou choose is achievable, (22) getting overly excited and going full force with your goal, start off slowly. Achieving most goals comes down to (23) (drive)to do certain tasks on regular basis until the desired outcome is achieved. “Rome was not built ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in a day”, to (24) you might turn a deaf ear at first, though. Let's say your goal is to cut down on spending (25) you are able to save more money saved up. You could greatly cut down from the beginning but(26) can just lead to feeling like you're depriving yourself of something. So next time you wan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t to quit some habit like smoking, do it gradually. (27) (ease) yourself into the permanent changes you're making to your life and it ll be easier to mentally and physically handle. This isn’t to say th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e full force，all-in,gung－ho（雄心壮志的） method won’t work. If this has been working for you, then by all means, keep doing it. If it hasn't however, and has only led to feeling (28) (frustrate), then try the "gradual change"approach. The main goal is to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) transform the action steps necessary(29) (turn ) your goal into habits. Hope the above intelligence will be useful to(30) has the determination to lead a decent and happy life. 七宝中学Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your BrainSure, chocolate is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a delicious treat, and it’s a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it’s not a health food, so it should be enjoyed in moderation-right Well, it turns ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t that (21) (eat) chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to research (22) (conduct) by five scientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols(黄烷醇), can help boost cognitive (认知的) performance. Yes, chocolate’s good for your brain.The scientists, stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dying at the Universities of Rome and L’Aquila,(23) (record) research from ten different studies. The studies assessed people’s performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were pretty telling: in nine out of the ten studies, there was a noticeable improvement (24) the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in “general cognition, attention, processing speed and working memory.” Sounds pretty good to us!And that’s no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanols helped “counteract”the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there’s even more good news. (25) (take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months chocolate can produce noticeable long-term improvements in cognition. Older adults, (26) memories were already declining, saw an especially significant improvement.All chocolate has flav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers feel happier, (27) it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists (28) have claimed that, after doing this research, they’ve started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other health benefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we’re not saying you (29) start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch and dinner - it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead, (30) take advantage of chocolate’s new found brainpower with these delicious recipes.
状语从句连词
主动形式
vt.后面有宾语的
后接一个宾语的及物动词vt.
被动形式
vt.后面没有宾语的
主、宾、表、定表、定表、定表、定表、定
动名词doing
非谓语动词
定、表、状、宾补，进行/主动
现在分词
分词
定、表、状、宾补，完成/被动
过去分词
不定式to do
主、宾、表、定、宾补、目的状语、结果状语，“要”
主动形式to do/doing
vt.后面有宾语的
后接一个宾语的及物动词vt.
被动形式done/to be done
vt.后面没有宾语的
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