中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第3讲 词汇C+完型填空专题 教师版
教学内容
进门小练笔进才中学周练1“Don’t get sick in July!”This is a common c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oncern in teaching hospitals in the U.S. It’s driven by academic calendar: July is when the new interns, fresh out of medical school, start work. In other words, it’s when everyone is most ____41___. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.So is medical ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )experience good or bad Well, in most cases, your doctor’s experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n)___42____ symptom early in a disease process, when your condition falls outside of what is in the ___43____, where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there’s a direct connection between physician experience and your treating outcome.In a variety of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )situations, though, experience can backfire. The reason is simple___44____. Doctors are humans too and they ___45____ tricks of the mind--like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields or research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They____46___ from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ___47____ practitioners into making the wrong decisions.Doctors are usu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and ___48____ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quickly fatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ____49___diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer. Also, some exper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ienced doctors then to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciously ignoring information opposing it. Let’s say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to ___50____ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestion anyway because she was ____51___ with the prior diagnosis by experience.In fact, ther ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technical proficiency. but there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less-experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same ___52____ for years.To safeguard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ___53____. It may not always be possible to determining that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking ____54___. But asking questions does force your doctor to think twice and ___55____her decision about your case.A. innocent B. productive C. inexperienced D. prohibitedA. slight B. objective C. complex D. sustainableA. media B. tradition C. reality D. textbookA. psychology B. education C. procedure D. priorityA. take advantage of B. make sense offall victim to D. play fire withA. spring B. depart C. benefit D. distinguishA. highly-motivated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. well-seasoned C. deeply-offended D. wide-eyedA. moderate B. visible C. conflicting D. permanentA. initial B. tough C. multiple D. privateA. evaluate B. operate D. confirm D. reviseA. preoccupied B. labelled C. associated D. concernedA. professional circle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. thinking pattern C. academic background D. operating orderA. investigating B. questioning C. monitoring D. observingA. obstacle B. trap C. horizon D. struggleA. practice B. accommodate C. justify D. removekeys: 41-45CADAC 46-50 ABCAC 51-55ABBBC词汇积累：teaching hospitals: 医学院的附属医院fresh out of/fresh from: 刚从...毕业、刚从...出来pick up on a slight symptom: 注意到一个轻微的症状newbie: n. 初学者backfire: vi. 产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果lock onto a diagnosis: 锁定一个诊断disregard: v.t. 对...置之不理；忽视suspicion: n. 怀疑she was preoccupied with the prior diagnosisbe preoccupied with: 全神贯注于，沉浸在prior: adj. 先前的，较早的prior notice: 预先通知be vulnerable to biases: 易受偏见的影响safeguard yourself: 保卫自己fall victim to: 沦为...的受害者well-seasoned=experiencedwide-eyed=naivethinking pattern: 思维模式justify: v.t. 证明...有道理trap: n. 陷阱，全套，困境课堂导入1.话题导读素材源：CNN（原文有删改） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )VocabularyDirections: Complet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.identify B. prom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pted C. outbreak . D. excluded E. complaints F. critical G. sympathy H. invasive I. transmitted J. symptoms K. alert A mysterious virus is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) making China (and the rest of Asia) nervous. It's not SARS, so what is it (CNN)Chinese health authorities have not been able to _____1____ a mysterious strain of pneumonia (肺炎）that has infected dozens of people and put the rest of Asia on_____2___ -- although they have ruled out a return of the deadly severe acute respiratory syndrome ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t " / var / folders / k1 / zs_2wfv1009ckvvvgbjqvjd40000gn / T / com.kingsoft.wpsoffice.mac / wps-songxiao / x / _blank ) (SARS) virus.A total of 59 ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ses of unknown viral pneumonia have been reported in the city of Wuhan, central China, with seven patients in_____3___ condition, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission said in a statement on Sunday. All patients are being treated in quarantine, and no deaths have been reported.According to the World ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Health Organization (WHO), ____4____of the pneumonia are mainly fever, with a number of patients having difficulty breathing, and chest radiographs showing ____5____lesions (损伤）of both lungs.The ____6____came to light in late December and ______7____fears in China of a possible resurgence（复苏） of SARS, an acute viral respiratory illness first reported in the country in 2002 that caused a pandemic that ripped through Asia.SARS spread to 37 countries worldwide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t " / var / folders / k1 / zs_2wfv1009ckvvvgbjqvjd40000gn / T / com.kingsoft.wpsoffice.mac / wps-songxiao / x / _blank ), infected more than 8,000 people and killed 774 from November 2002 to July 2003. The illness is brought on by a coronavirus, and symptoms include fever, cough, severe headache, dizziness and other flu-like _____8_____. Amid growing disq ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uiet, Wuhan authorities said on Sunday they had ____9_____ the possibility of SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and bird flu.If not SARS, then what is it According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Wuhan health commission, the infection broke out between December 12 and December 29, with some of the patients employed at a seafood market in the city.Local media reporte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that the market -- which has been closed since January 1 for disinfection -- also sold other live animals, including birds, rabbits and snakes, sparking concerns that the virus might have been____10____ to humans from animals. 【词汇讲解】 respiratory adj.relating to breathing呼吸的例：Smoking can cause respiratory diseases.吸烟会导致呼吸系统疾病。acuteadj.If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage.十分严重的例：The problem of poverty is particularly acute in rural areas.贫困问题在农村地区尤为严重。adj.An acute pain or illness is one that quickly becomes very severe.（病痛）急性的；剧烈的例：an acute attack of appendicitis阑尾炎急性发作adj.used to describe inte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lligence, senses, etc. that are very good, accurate, and able to notice very small differences（感官等）敏锐的，灵敏的；机敏的，有洞察力的例：acute eyesight/hearing敏锐的视觉／听觉an acute sense of smell灵敏的嗅觉viraladj.caused by a virus病毒病，病毒性疾病；病毒感染例：viral infections病毒感染adj. used to describe somet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing that quickly becomes very popular or well known by being published on the internet or sent from person to person by email, phone, etc.（通过网络在个体之间迅速）病毒式的（传播）例：Within days the film clip went viral.几天内这段电影视频便病毒式地传开了。ripv.to pull apart; to tear or be torn violently and quickly撕裂；撕破；划破例：His new trousers ripped when he bent down.他弯腰时把新裤子撑开了线。The wind ripped the flag to/into shreds (= into little pieces).风把旗子刮成了一缕缕的破布条。infectv.to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant（疾病）传染，感染例：The ward was full of children infected with TB.病房里住满了感染结核病的孩子。All the tomato plants are infected with a virus.所有的西红柿植株都染上了一种病毒。concernv.to cause worry to someone使担忧；使挂念；使焦虑例：The state of my father's health concerns us greatly.我父亲的健康状况让我们非常担心。 It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact.还没有联系到他，我很担心。n.关心，担心例：Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing.两名失踪少年的安危越来越令人担忧。transmitv.to pass something from one person or place to another传递；传播例：a sexually transmitted disease性传播疾病Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water.霍乱是通过受污染的水传播的。8. strain n.a force or influence ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that stretches, pulls, or puts pressure on something, sometimes causing damage压力；拉力，张力；作用力例：The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed.在飓风强大的作用力下，桥塌了。As you get older, excess weight puts a lot of strain on the heart.随着年龄的增长，体重过重会给心脏造成很大负担。n.something that makes you feel nervous and worried压力；紧张例：She's a lot bett ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er than she was but she's still not ready to face the stresses and strains of a job.她比以前好多了，但仍然没有准备好应对工作的紧张和压力。He's been under a lot of strain recently.他最近压力很大。n.an animal or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) plant from a particular group whose characteristics are different in some way from others of the same group（动植物的）品系，株系，品种Scientists have disc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )overed a new strain of the virus which is much more dangerous.科学家们已经发现了一种危险得多的新病毒。【参考答案】1-5AKFJH 6-10 CBEDI【答案详解】该题需要一个动词原形，根据意思权威机构还没有确认新型神秘病毒的品种，所以选择A。该题需要一个名词，考查一个固定搭配，put......on alert, 让.......保持警惕，所以选择K。该题需要以恶搞形容词，根据意思7个病人情况危急，所以选择F。该题需要一个名词，并且是复数，因为主语是are，根据意思是需要症状这个单词，所以选择J。该题需要一个形容词，且根据意思因为是胸部检查显示是.....的损伤，这里稍微推理一下应该是入侵性的，因为是一种流感，所以选择H。该题需要一个名词，根据意思这词流感爆发，所以选择C。该题需要一个和came并列的动词过去式，并且根据意思是引起或者激化恐慌，所以选择prompted, B。该题需要一个名词性，前面描述的发烧都是症状，所以下面应该是总结症状，所以选择E。该题需要以恶搞动词过去分词，根据意思是排除可能性，上文也出现ruled out等，所以选择D。该题需要一个动词过去分词，根据意思这些病毒可能是动物传给人，所以选择I。精讲精练【知识梳理1】考纲词汇C1.calm adj 平静的; 镇静的 keep, stay calm in an emergency vi. 平静 ~ down2.campus n. on ~3.campaign n. 战役; 运动 a ~ against unclear weapons can4.cancel vt. ~ a meeting 5.candidate n. 候选人,求职者Two hundred ~s applied for the job. 6.capable adj.有能力的be capable of (doing) sth syn. be able to do7.capture vt.捕获; 占领; 俘虏 ~ an escaped prisoner 8.careertake up a ~ cf: occupation / profession / post / position / trade 9.carry out贯彻,执行(计划,命令) 10.cash n现金; 现款 pay in cash 用现金付款 / by credit card用信用卡11.cast (cast, cast) vt扔; 投; 抛~, throw light on sth 阐明 within a stone’s throw离…很近 12.casual adj. a ~ meeting 巧遇/ in ~ clothes 穿便衣 13.catch ~ up with sb be caught in14.cease v. 停止~ doing 15.ceremony n. at a special ceremonycertificate n证书a marriage certificate cf: licence / diploma chain n 链条 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a chain of mountains连绵的山/~ stores / a chain of events 一系列的事件 / challenge n. 挑战 vt 向…挑战 ~ sb to sth chance by chance偶然 The chances are (that)…很可能 character n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个性; 文字 build (up) one’s character 培养品性/ a strong ~ 意志坚强 Chinese ~s 汉字characteristic n特征, 特性, 特色; the ~s of the present situation adj. 特有的It’s ~ of sb to do sth / thatcharge vt. a. 索价 ~ sb (money) for (doing) sth b.充电~ a battery c.控告~ sb with sth = accuse sb of sthchase v.n追逐 ~ the thief cheer vt. a. 使…高兴 cheer up adj cheerful circumstance n情况,情形; 环境 under no ~s 决不civilization n文化; 文明 spiritual, material ~ civilize vt使文明; 使开化 civilized society / behaviourclaim vt 认领; (根据权利)要求; 声称 ~ the watch / ~ to be / to do / that claim for damages要求损害赔偿金classic n. enjoy reading ~s adj.经典的,一流的 cf: classical ~ music classify vt 归类; 分类 ~ people into type classify… as 将…归类 be ~ied as poor coach n. 长途汽车, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )教练a ~ station / a football ~ vt.训练, 指导 ~ a football teamcoast n. on / off / along the ~ collapse vi. 塌下; 崩溃The roof ~d under the weight of the snow. The man has ~d: call for the bine vt 使结合; 使联合 vi 结合; 联合 ~ A with B to form C combine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )theory with practice = apply theory to practice / put theory into practicecombined adj. 结合的 the ~ (=joint) efforts of men and machinesSuccess was achieved by the ~ efforts of the whole team. 全队齐心协力取得了胜利。comment n & v. make ~s on sth = ~ on sthcommit vt. 犯(错误/罪行),干(坏事) ~ a crime / 委托 ~ sb to one’s care / 提交committee n. 委员会 be on the ~ compare vt. 比较; 对照 ~ A with B / compare A to B 把…比作 comparative adj. the ~ degree 比较级 paratively ~ speaking comparison n.by comparison比较起来, in ~ with 同…比较42.compliment n.赞美 vt. ~ sb on sth = praise sb for pose vt. a. be composed ofn. composition44.conceal vt ~ sth from sb syn. hide sth from sb45.concentrate vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). ~ (one’s attention / mind / thought / efforts etc ) on sth. n. Concentration46.concern n.show ~ for sb 关心某人 vt. a. be ~ed about sth关心,担心 e. as far as sb / sth is ~ed 就某人/ 某物来说 concerning prep = about47.conclusion n. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) form / draw / come to /arrive at / reach a ~, in ~ = lastly 最后48.condition n. a. improve one’s living / working ~s49.conduct vt.a.进行 ~ an experiment / a survey 50.confess vt.~ (to) sth / doing sth, ~ sth to sb向…坦白, 51.confident a. be ~ of succeeding / that sb will succeed n. confidence have / lose ~ in, lack ~52.confirm vt.~ one’s appointment53.conflict vi.与…有冲突 n. ~ between father and son, 54.confuse vt.~ A with B, ~ black and white55.congratulate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) vt~ sb on sth / doing sth n. congratulation ~s on sth / doing sth56.connect vt. ~ A with B 使…有联系/有关, ~ A to B 使…连接 n.connection57.conquer vt.Man can ~ nature.人定胜天58.conscience n. have a clear / guilty ~59.conscious a. be ~ of sth / that syn. be aware of / that60.consequence n.re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gardless of the ~s 不管后果, in / as a ~ (of sth ) = as a result (of sth)61.consider vt.~ going abroad / when to go, considerati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on n. take sth into ~ / account = take account of sth, under ~62.considerate adj. It’s ~ of sb to do sth. 体谅别人63.construction n. under ~, ~ site 建筑工地 vt. construct64.consult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vt. a.请教,咨询 ~ sb about sth ~ your doctor about your illness65.consume vt.a. 消耗,消费 b. 吃完 ~ six eggs 66.contact vt. ~ sb n. make ~ with67.content n. a. form and ~ 内容与形式 b.目录 pl. glance at the list of ~s68.contrary n.o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the ~ 相反地, ~ to sth ~ to what sb expects / sb’s expectation 69.contract n.sign a ~ with sb,70.contrast n.by ~ 对比之下,71.contribute vt. 捐助 ~ / donate money to sb = raise money for sb 72.contribution n. a. 贡献 make ~s / a ~ to sth 73.convenient a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dj.if it is ~ to sb, n. convenience at one’s ~ 在方便时, 74.convey vt. ~ sth (to sb/ sp) a. 传达 ~ one’s meaning in words75.cooperate vi.~ with sb in doing sth n. cooperation76.craft n. a. 手艺 learn a ~, craftsman 77.crash vi. . The car ~ed into a tree. 78.crazy adj. be ~ about = be mad about football79.credit n. pay by ~ card80.crisis n. pl. crises an economic ~ 81.criticize vt. ~ sb for sth / doing sth n. criticism n. critic adj. critical82.cruel adj. be ~ to sb对某人苛刻, 83.cultivate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vt. a. ~ the flowers / plants b ~ sb, ~ the habit of analysis84.cure vt. a. ~ sb of one’s bad habit b. find a cure for a disease85.curious a. be ~ about sth / to do sth / thatn.curiosity86.current adj. ~ affairs / events时事, a ~ account活期存款【知识梳理2】完形填空考点透析（辨）词汇短语： 15个选项60个词 ， 词汇分析辨别能力（找）对应复现：段落语句的对应，找出原词或近义词复现 （理）段落语句：概括段落的能力， 理清段句之间的逻辑性（判）语境褒贬： 由语境出发，判断词在具体语境中的褒贬 二、完形填空题型特点与命题方式设题类型：实词与虚词两大类，其中以实词为主，虚词为辅。从全局考虑，瞻前顾后，浏览全文，整体感知，前后连贯，固定词组，习惯搭配，结构意义等，是完形填空题的最大特色三、完形填空方法：“完形填空”题旨在测试学生综合运用英语的能 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )力，必须通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行判断推理。解此类题主要从以下四步做起： 第一步，重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空首句一般不设空，是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。 第二步，速读全文，掌握大意。速读时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。 第三步，瞻前顾后，灵活答 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题。"瞻前顾后"，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要"双管齐下"，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。 第四步，复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点： 1、上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。 2、从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。3、段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。当堂检测进才中学周练2A baby born in west t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oday will more likely than not live to be 105, write Lynda Gratton and Andrew Scott of London Business School in their book, The 100-Year Life. That may sound like science fiction. 1 , it’s only cautiously optimistic. If turning 100 b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecomes normal, then the authors predict “a fundamental redesign of life”. We currently live “the three-stage life”: education, career, then retirement. The book 2 that if today’s children want to retire on livable pensions, they will need to work until about age 80. That would be a 3 to the past: in 1880, nearly half of 80-year-old Americans did some kind of work.But few peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le will be able to bear the 4 and tedium of a 55-year career in a single sector. Anyway, technological changes would make their education obsolete long before they reached 80. The new life-path will 5 have more than three stages. Two new life ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-stages appeared in the past century: teenagers and retirees. Now another stage is 6 , say Gratton and Scott: the years from 18 to 30, which people increasingly spend 7 from education to full-time work. Of course, many of today’s young have no choice: they simply cannot find good jobs. But the 18-to-30s have also been 8 to understand the gift of extra years, say the authors. Many young people are now consciously searching and experimenting, 9 how they want to spend the next seven or so decades.The authors pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )edict that more will do two degrees: first a general undergraduate course, which teaches thinking skills with lifelong value, and then a more 10 vocational degree that teaches a specific sector’s current needs. After studying, the young will spend time travelling, exploring different sectors, and 11 a “posse” of friends and acquaintances who can sustain them at work and outside for 70 years. Future careers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will contain many transformations. People will have to make more 12 : next year, should you work hard in your job, return to education, or transition to an entirely new sector There will be time to achieve 13 in multiple domains. No longer will women be 14 careers because they took five or 10 years out to raise kids. That will still leave them 50-plus working years. And people will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )change their use of leisure. When you could expect a 40-year career followed by fat state or corporate pensions, you could spend your free time chilling and buying stuff. But the 100-year life 15 more savings. You might also need to spend much of your non-working time reskilling or exercising to maintain your body and brain for those extra decades.1. A. In particul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar B. In fact C. At least D. First of all2. A. evaluates ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. calculates C. expects D. insists3. A. review B. reward C. return D. reverse4. A. exhaustion B. interest C. mismatch D. revolution5. A. however B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). conversely C. therefore D. instead6. A. rising B. shifting C. functioning D. emerging7. A. transit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ioning B. ranging C. pursuing D. revolutionizing8. A. the slo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )west B. the quickest C. the more reluctant D. the least prepared9. A. workin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g out B. depending on C. consisting in D. coming up10. A. general B. specific C. definite D. peculiar11. A. reuniting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. assembling C. equipping D. supporting12. A. optio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns B. obligations C. duties D. benefits13. A. wisdom B. efforts C. mastery D. comments14. A. denie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d B. dismissed C. deprived D. withdrawn15. A. equals B. requires C. generates D. spendsKeys: 1-5 B B C A C 6-10 D A B A B 11-15 B A C A B词汇积累：cautiously optimistic: 审慎乐观pensions：养老金tedium：n. 冗长，单调乏味simply: =only 仅仅，只是；实在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，根本（用于强调）例句：This work is simply not good enough. in multiple domains: 在多个领域chill: vi. 放松，冷静calculate: v.t. =estimate 预测， 推测come up: 发生；被提出9.deny: deny sth to sb/ deny sb sth. 拒绝给予进才中学周练3When retailers want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the journal of Marketing, they are missing a __41__. A team of resea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesotas Carlson School of Management, __42__ consumers attitudes to discounting shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are poor at fractions(分数).Consumers ofte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n struggle to realize, __43__, that a 50% increase in __44__ is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly __45__ the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion GR-A when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an __46__ discount (even after all other effects, such as a desire to stockpile were controlled for)This ___47 blind s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pot remains even when the deal __48__ savours the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr Rao offered two __49__ on loose coffee beans 33% extra free or 33% off the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the supposedly clever students viewed them as equivalent.Studies have show oth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er ways in which retailers can exploit consumers mathematical __50__. One is to __51__ them with double discounting. People are more likely to see a bargain in a product that has be reduced by 20%, and then by an additional 25%, than one that has been subject to an equivalent, one-off, 40%o reduction. Marketing types can d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raw lessons beyond just __52__, says Mr Rao. when advertising a new cars efficiency, for example, it is more __53__ to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage __54__ in fuel consumption. There may be lessons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for regulators too. Even __55__ shoppers are easily fooled. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more noticeably is played unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help.41 A. trick B point C guide D method42 A communicate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d with B looked at C concerned about D engaged in 43 A by contrast B after all C for example D as usual 44 A quantity B catalogue C quality D variety45 A indicate B assume C deny D confess46 A attractive B adequate C essential D equivalentA mathematical B subjective C inevitable D.impressiveA invisibly B clearly C objectively D blindlyA deals B discounts C situations D decisionsA. inaccessib ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ility B. failure C. illiteracy D dependence A. equip B connect C confuse D motivateA. bargaining ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B pricing C advertising D retailingA.deceptive B aggressive C logical D convincingA. fall B usage C volume D increaseA. reasonable ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B well-educated C flexible D good-temperedkeys: 41-45:ABCAB; 46-50:DABAC; 51-55: CBDAB词汇积累：a bonus pack：优惠加量包装blind spot：盲点proposition：建议，提案supposedly：据说，据称be subject to：受...支配；有...的倾向out of the question：不可能noticeably: 显著地，明显地illiteracy: n. 文盲，无知3.辨析完型易混单词和词组温故知新进才周练4The term “CYBERSP ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ACE” was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”. His ____41_____ creation turned out to be remarkably prescient(有先见之明的). Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The _____42____ made by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to____43_____ humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.But there is a da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rker side to this extraordinary invention. Data_____44____ are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through attacks. Among the most prominent recent____45_____ has been Target, whose chief executive stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant retailer _____46____ that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. The potential dam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age, though, extends well beyond such ____47_____intrusion. Wider ___48_____have been raised by the realization of a the growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new territory of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release that cyber-threats ____49_____ one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing. Securing cyberspa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not _____50____ . Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not _____51____ threats because the network was attached to America’s military. As hackers ____52_____, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm,admits that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security. _____53___ , these ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )defenses have worked reasonably well. Despite the talk about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably ___54______ . Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at ___55______ stores, share gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill panies and governments are shifting ever more services online.A. technical B. literary C. deliberate D. nobleA. senses B. restrictions C. connections D. differencesA. break through B. keep back C. stand for D. tap intoA. collections B. mistakes C. leaks D. sourcesA. hackers B. agencies C. critics D. victimsA. assessed B. insisted C. revealed D. concludedA. social B. cultural C. civil D. commercialA. gaps B. contacts C. effects D. concernsA. pose B. solve C. maintain D. reduceA. availability B. security C. temptation D. preservationA. worry about B. specialize in C. keep away D. put offA. broke down B. turned up C. fell apart D. shut downA. Of course B. In another word C. On the whole D. Above allA. calm and stable B. fun and fashionable C. profitable and productive D. wild and well-receivedA. luxurious B. favorite C. virtual D. conveniencekeys: 41-45 BCDCD 46-50CDDAB 51-55 ABCDC词汇积累：coin： vt. 杜撰；创造shorthand： n. 含糊的说法tremendous benefits：巨大的好处stand down：离职grave：adj. 重大的，严肃的secure：v.t. 保护，使某地免受伤害或攻击；争取到reasonably：尚可，还可以remarkably：显著地，惊人地进才周练5Cowboy or spac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eman A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our ____41____, he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, ___42_____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is ____43____ a grassland than a spaceship—a closed system, alone in space, carrying limited supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental ____44____. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists”, as they call themselves, want to ____45____ its aims and assumptions. What do they say—and will their ideas achieve lift-off To its ___46_____, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is ____47____ in conventional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through more intensive use of resources. Only the ____48____, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP, a simple ____49____ which does not take account of resource exhaustion, unpaid work, and countless other factors. ____50____ they advocate more holistic(全面的) approaches, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), a composite index(复合指标) that includes things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person ____51____ in 1978: by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, says Herman Daly, a former World Bank economist and eco-guru, is a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held ___52_____.Mainstream econ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omists are ___53____. The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists ___54____ self-satisfaction. In 2009 a paper in Nature, a scientific journal, argued that human activity is already ____55____safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity(生物多样性) and climate change. That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceshipA. ignorant B. confident C. astonishing D. anxiousA. less B. smaller C. more D. largerA. movements B. influences C. limits D. threatsA. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionizeA. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professorsA. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflectedA. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientificA. number B. product C. idea D. measureA. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its placeA. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. pausedA. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequateA. unimpressed B. involved C concerned D. appointedA. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer toA. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawingkeys: 41-45 CBADD 46-50 CBBDD 51-55 ACACB词汇积累： dilemma: n. 困境achieve lift-off：腾飞be suspicious of：怀疑take account of：把...考虑进去in its place=in the place of 代替plunge：vi. 暴跌，骤降overstep：逾越；超出...的限度
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进门小练笔进才中学周练1“Don’t get sick in July!”This is a common ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) concern in teaching hospitals in the U.S. It’s driven by academic calendar: July is when the new interns, fresh out of medical school, start work. In other words, it’s when everyone is most ____41___. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.So is medical e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xperience good or bad Well, in most cases, your doctor’s experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n)___42____ symptom early in a disease process, when your condition falls outside of what is in the ___43____, where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there’s a direct connection between physician experience and your treating outcome.In a variety of si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tuations, though, experience can backfire. The reason is simple___44____. Doctors are humans too and they ___45____ tricks of the mind--like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields or research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They____46___ from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ___47____ practitioners into making the wrong decisions.Doctors are usu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and ___48____ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quickly fatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ____49___diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer. Also, some experienced ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doctors then to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciously ignoring information opposing it. Let’s say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to ___50____ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestion anyway because she was ____51___ with the prior diagnosis by experience.In fact, there are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technical proficiency. but there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less-experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same ___52____ for years.To safeguard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ___53____. It may not always be possible to determining that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking ____54___. But asking questions does force your doctor to think twice and ___55____her decision about your case.A. innocent B. productive C. inexperienced D. prohibitedA. slight B. objective C. complex D. sustainableA. media B. tradition C. reality D. textbookA. psychology B. education C. procedure D. priorityA. take advantage of B. make sense offall victim to D. play fire withA. spring B. depart C. benefit D. distinguishA. highly-motivated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. well-seasoned C. deeply-offended D. wide-eyedA. moderate B. visible C. conflicting D. permanentA. initial B. tough C. multiple D. privateA. evaluate B. operate D. confirm D. reviseA. preoccupied B. labelled C. associated D. concernedA. professio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nal circle B. thinking pattern C. academic background D. operating orderA. investigating B. questioning C. monitoring D. observingA. obstacle B. trap C. horizon D. struggleA. practice B. accommodate C. justify D. remove课堂导入1.话题导读素材源：CNN（原文有删改） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )VocabularyDirections: Complete t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.identify B. pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ompted C. outbreak . D. excluded E. complaints F. critical G. sympathy H. invasive I. transmitted J. symptoms K. alert A mysterious ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )virus is making China (and the rest of Asia) nervous. It's not SARS, so what is it (CNN)Chinese health authorities have not been able to _____1____ a mysterious strain of pneumonia (肺炎）that has infected dozens of people and put the rest of Asia on_____2___ -- although they have ruled out a return of the deadly severe acute respiratory syndrome ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t " / var / folders / k1 / zs_2wfv1009ckvvvgbjqvjd40000gn / T / com.kingsoft.wpsoffice.mac / wps-songxiao / x / _blank ) (SARS) virus.A total of 59 case ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of unknown viral pneumonia have been reported in the city of Wuhan, central China, with seven patients in_____3___ condition, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission said in a statement on Sunday. All patients are being treated in quarantine, and no deaths have been reported.According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the World Health Organization (WHO), ____4____of the pneumonia are mainly fever, with a number of patients having difficulty breathing, and chest radiographs showing ____5____lesions (损伤）of both lungs.The ____6____came to light in late December and ______7____fears in China of a possible resurgence（复苏） of SARS, an acute viral respiratory illness first reported in the country in 2002 that caused a pandemic that ripped through Asia.SARS spread to 37 countries worldwide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t " / var / folders / k1 / zs_2wfv1009ckvvvgbjqvjd40000gn / T / com.kingsoft.wpsoffice.mac / wps-songxiao / x / _blank ), infected more than 8,000 people and killed 774 from November 2002 to July 2003. The illness is brought on by a coronavirus, and symptoms include fever, cough, severe headache, dizziness and other flu-like _____8_____. Amid growing disqui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et, Wuhan authorities said on Sunday they had ____9_____ the possibility of SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and bird flu.If not SARS, then what is it According to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Wuhan health commission, the infection broke out between December 12 and December 29, with some of the patients employed at a seafood market in the city.Local media repor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted that the market -- which has been closed since January 1 for disinfection -- also sold other live animals, including birds, rabbits and snakes, sparking concerns that the virus might have been____10____ to humans from animals. 【词汇讲解】 respiratory adj.relating to breathing呼吸的例：Smoking can cause respiratory diseases.吸烟会导致呼吸系统疾病。acuteadj.If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage.十分严重的例：The problem of poverty is particularly acute in rural areas.贫困问题在农村地区尤为严重。adj.An acute pain or illness is one that quickly becomes very severe.（病痛）急性的；剧烈的例：an acute attack of appendicitis阑尾炎急性发作adj.used to describe inte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lligence, senses, etc. that are very good, accurate, and able to notice very small differences（感官等）敏锐的，灵敏的；机敏的，有洞察力的例：acute eyesight/hearing敏锐的视觉／听觉an acute sense of smell灵敏的嗅觉viraladj.caused by a virus病毒病，病毒性疾病；病毒感染例：viral infections病毒感染adj. used to describe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) something that quickly becomes very popular or well known by being published on the internet or sent from person to person by email, phone, etc.（通过网络在个体之间迅速）病毒式的（传播）例：Within days the film clip went viral.几天内这段电影视频便病毒式地传开了。ripv.to pull apart; to tear or be torn violently and quickly撕裂；撕破；划破例：His new trousers ripped when he bent down.他弯腰时把新裤子撑开了线。The wind ripped the flag to/into shreds (= into little pieces).风把旗子刮成了一缕缕的破布条。infectv.to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant（疾病）传染，感染例：The ward was full of children infected with TB.病房里住满了感染结核病的孩子。All the tomato plants are infected with a virus.所有的西红柿植株都染上了一种病毒。concernv.to cause worry to someone使担忧；使挂念；使焦虑例：The state of my father's health concerns us greatly.我父亲的健康状况让我们非常担心。 It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact.还没有联系到他，我很担心。n.关心，担心例：Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing.两名失踪少年的安危越来越令人担忧。transmitv.to pass something from one person or place to another传递；传播例：a sexually transmitted disease性传播疾病Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water.霍乱是通过受污染的水传播的。8. strain n.a force or influe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce that stretches, pulls, or puts pressure on something, sometimes causing damage压力；拉力，张力；作用力例：The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed.在飓风强大的作用力下，桥塌了。As you get older, excess weight puts a lot of strain on the heart.随着年龄的增长，体重过重会给心脏造成很大负担。n.something that makes you feel nervous and worried压力；紧张例：She's a lot better ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )than she was but she's still not ready to face the stresses and strains of a job.她比以前好多了，但仍然没有准备好应对工作的紧张和压力。He's been under a lot of strain recently.他最近压力很大。n.an animal or p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lant from a particular group whose characteristics are different in some way from others of the same group（动植物的）品系，株系，品种Scientists have di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scovered a new strain of the virus which is much more dangerous.科学家们已经发现了一种危险得多的新病毒。精讲精练【知识梳理1】考纲词汇C1.calm adj 平静的; 镇静的 keep, stay calm in an emergency vi. 平静 ~ down2.campus n. on ~3.campaign n. 战役; 运动 a ~ against unclear weapons can4.cancel vt. ~ a meeting 5.candidate n. 候选人,求职者Two hundred ~s applied for the job. 6.capable adj.有能力的be capable of (doing) sth syn. be able to do7.capture vt.捕获; 占领; 俘虏 ~ an escaped prisoner 8.careertake up a ~ cf: occupation / profession / post / position / trade 9.carry out贯彻,执行(计划,命令) 10.cash n现金; 现款 pay in cash 用现金付款 / by credit card用信用卡11.cast (cast, cast) vt扔; 投; 抛~, throw light on sth 阐明 within a stone’s throw离…很近 12.casual adj. a ~ meeting 巧遇/ in ~ clothes 穿便衣 13.catch ~ up with sb be caught in14.cease v. 停止~ doing 15.ceremony n. at a special ceremonycertificate n证书a marriage certificate cf: licence / diploma chain n 链条 a chain o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f mountains连绵的山/~ stores / a chain of events 一系列的事件 / challenge n. 挑战 vt 向…挑战 ~ sb to sth chance by chance偶然 The chances are (that)…很可能 character n个性; 文字 b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uild (up) one’s character 培养品性/ a strong ~ 意志坚强 Chinese ~s 汉字characteristic n特征, 特性, 特色; the ~s of the present situation adj. 特有的It’s ~ of sb to do sth / thatcharge vt. a. 索价 ~ sb (money) for (doing) sth b.充电~ a battery c.控告~ sb with sth = accuse sb of sthchase v.n追逐 ~ the thief cheer vt. a. 使…高兴 cheer up adj cheerful circumstance n情况,情形; 环境 under no ~s 决不civilization n文化; 文明 spiritual, material ~ civilize vt使文明; 使开化 civilized society / behaviourclaim vt 认领; (根据权利)要求; 声称 ~ the watch / ~ to be / to do / that claim for damages要求损害赔偿金classic n. enjoy reading ~s adj.经典的,一流的 cf: classical ~ music classify vt 归类; 分类 ~ people into type classify… as 将…归类 be ~ied as poor coach n. 长途汽车, 教 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )练a ~ station / a football ~ vt.训练, 指导 ~ a football teamcoast n. on / off / along the ~ collapse vi. 塌下; 崩溃The roof ~d under the weight of the snow. The man has ~d: call for the bine vt 使结合; 使联合 vi 结合; 联合 ~ A with B to form C combin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e theory with practice = apply theory to practice / put theory into practicecombined adj. 结合的 the ~ (=joint) efforts of men and machinesSuccess was achieved by the ~ efforts of the whole team. 全队齐心协力取得了胜利。comment n & v. make ~s on sth = ~ on sthcommit vt. 犯(错误/罪行),干(坏事) ~ a crime / 委托 ~ sb to one’s care / 提交committee n. 委员会 be on the ~ compare vt. 比较; 对照 ~ A with B / compare A to B 把…比作 comparative adj. the ~ degree 比较级 paratively ~ speaking comparison n.by comparison比较起来, in ~ with 同…比较42.compliment n.赞美 vt. ~ sb on sth = praise sb for pose vt. a. be composed ofn. composition44.conceal vt ~ sth from sb syn. hide sth from sb45.concentrate vi. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ~ (one’s attention / mind / thought / efforts etc ) on sth. n. Concentration46.concern n.show ~ for sb 关心某人 vt. a. be ~ed about sth关心,担心 e. as far as sb / sth is ~ed 就某人/ 某物来说 concerning prep = about47.conclusion ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) n. form / draw / come to /arrive at / reach a ~, in ~ = lastly 最后48.condition n. a. improve one’s living / working ~s49.conduct vt.a.进行 ~ an experiment / a survey 50.confess vt.~ (to) sth / doing sth, ~ sth to sb向…坦白, 51.confident a. be ~ of succeeding / that sb will succeed n. confidence have / lose ~ in, lack ~52.confirm vt.~ one’s appointment53.conflict vi.与…有冲突 n. ~ between father and son, 54.confuse vt.~ A with B, ~ black and white55.congratul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate vt~ sb on sth / doing sth n. congratulation ~s on sth / doing sth56.connect vt. ~ A with B 使…有联系/有关, ~ A to B 使…连接 n.connection57.conquer vt.Man can ~ nature.人定胜天58.conscience n. have a clear / guilty ~59.conscious a. be ~ of sth / that syn. be aware of / that60.consequence ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) n.regardless of the ~s 不管后果, in / as a ~ (of sth ) = as a result (of sth)61.consider vt.~ going abroad / when to go, consideration n. take sth into ~ / account = take account of sth, under ~62.considerate adj. It’s ~ of sb to do sth. 体谅别人63.construction n. under ~, ~ site 建筑工地 vt. construct64.consult vt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). a.请教,咨询 ~ sb about sth ~ your doctor about your illness65.consume vt.a. 消耗,消费 b. 吃完 ~ six eggs 66.contact vt. ~ sb n. make ~ with67.content n. a. form and ~ 内容与形式 b.目录 pl. glance at the list of ~s68.contrary n. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on the ~ 相反地, ~ to sth ~ to what sb expects / sb’s expectation 69.contract n.sign a ~ with sb,70.contrast n.by ~ 对比之下,71.contribute vt. 捐助 ~ / donate money to sb = raise money for sb 72.contribution n. a. 贡献 make ~s / a ~ to sth 73.convenient adj.if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it is ~ to sb, n. convenience at one’s ~ 在方便时, 74.convey vt. ~ sth (to sb/ sp) a. 传达 ~ one’s meaning in words75.cooperate vi.~ with sb in doing sth n. cooperation76.craft n. a. 手艺 learn a ~, craftsman 77.crash vi. . The car ~ed into a tree. 78.crazy adj. be ~ about = be mad about football79.credit n. pay by ~ card80.crisis n. pl. crises an economic ~ 81.criticize vt. ~ sb for sth / doing sth n. criticism n. critic adj. critical82.cruel adj. be ~ to sb对某人苛刻, 83.cultivate v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t. a. ~ the flowers / plants b ~ sb, ~ the habit of analysis84.cure vt. a. ~ sb of one’s bad habit b. find a cure for a disease85.curious a. be ~ about sth / to do sth / thatn.curiosity86.current adj. ~ affairs / events时事, a ~ account活期存款【知识梳理2】完形填空考点透析（辨）词汇短语： 15个选项60个词 ， 词汇分析辨别能力（找）对应复现：段落语句的对应，找出原词或近义词复现 （理）段落语句：概括段落的能力， 理清段句之间的逻辑性（判）语境褒贬： 由语境出发，判断词在具体语境中的褒贬 二、完形填空题型特点与命题方式设题类型：实词与虚词两大类，其中以实词为主，虚词为辅。从全局考虑，瞻前顾后，浏览全文，整体感知，前后连贯，固定词组，习惯搭配，结构意义等，是完形填空题的最大特色三、完形填空方法：“完形填空”题旨在测试学生综合运用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英语的能力，必须通篇考虑，掌握大意，综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行判断推理。解此类题主要从以下四步做起： 第一步，重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空首句一般不设空，是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。 第二步，速读全文，掌握大意。速读 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。 第三步，瞻前顾后，灵活答 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题。"瞻前顾后"，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要"双管齐下"，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。 第四步，复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点： 1、上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。 2、从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。3、段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。当堂检测进才中学周练2A baby born in w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est today will more likely than not live to be 105, write Lynda Gratton and Andrew Scott of London Business School in their book, The 100-Year Life. That may sound like science fiction. 1 , it’s only cautiously optimistic. If turning 1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )00 becomes normal, then the authors predict “a fundamental redesign of life”. We currently live “the three-stage life”: education, career, then retirement. The book 2 that if today’s children want to retire on livable pensions, they will need to work until about age 80. That would be a 3 to the past: in 1880, nearly half of 80-year-old Americans did some kind of work.But few peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e will be able to bear the 4 and tedium of a 55-year career in a single sector. Anyway, technological changes would make their education obsolete long before they reached 80. The new life-path will 5 have more than three stages. Two new life ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-stages appeared in the past century: teenagers and retirees. Now another stage is 6 , say Gratton and Scott: the years from 18 to 30, which people increasingly spend 7 from education to full-time work. Of course, many of today’s young have no choice: they simply cannot find good jobs. But the 18-to-30s have also been 8 to understand the gift of extra years, say the authors. Many young people are now consciously searching and experimenting, 9 how they want to spend the next seven or so decades.The authors predic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t that more will do two degrees: first a general undergraduate course, which teaches thinking skills with lifelong value, and then a more 10 vocational degree that teaches a specific sector’s current needs. After studying, the young will spend time travelling, exploring different sectors, and 11 a “posse” of friends and acquaintances who can sustain them at work and outside for 70 years. Future caree ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs will contain many transformations. People will have to make more 12 : next year, should you work hard in your job, return to education, or transition to an entirely new sector There will be time to achieve 13 in multiple domains. No longer will women be 14 careers because they took five or 10 years out to raise kids. That will still leave them 50-plus working years. And people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will change their use of leisure. When you could expect a 40-year career followed by fat state or corporate pensions, you could spend your free time chilling and buying stuff. But the 100-year life 15 more savings. You might also need to spend much of your non-working time reskilling or exercising to maintain your body and brain for those extra decades.1. A. In particular ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. In fact C. At least D. First of all2. A. evaluates ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. calculates C. expects D. insists3. A. review B. reward C. return D. reverse4. A. exhaus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion B. interest C. mismatch D. revolution5. A. however B. co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nversely C. therefore D. instead6. A. rising B. shifting C. functioning D. emerging7. A. transition ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing B. ranging C. pursuing D. revolutionizing8. A. the slowe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st B. the quickest C. the more reluctant D. the least prepared9. A. working out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. depending on C. consisting in D. coming up10. A. general ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. specific C. definite D. peculiar11. A. reuniting B. assembling C. equipping D. supporting12. A. options ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. obligations C. duties D. benefits13. A. wisdom B. efforts C. mastery D. comments14. A. denied ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. dismissed C. deprived D. withdrawn15. A. equals ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. requires C. generates D. spends进才中学周练3When retailers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )want to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the journal of Marketing, they are missing a __41__. A team of researchers, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesotas Carlson School of Management, __42__ consumers attitudes to discounting shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are poor at fractions(分数).Consumers often s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )truggle to realize, __43__, that a 50% increase in __44__ is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly __45__ the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion GR-A when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an __46__ discount (even after all other effects, such as a desire to stockpile were controlled for)This ___47 blind sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot remains even when the deal __48__ savours the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr Rao offered two __49__ on loose coffee beans 33% extra free or 33% off the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the supposedly clever students viewed them as equivalent.Studies have show ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers mathematical __50__. One is to __51__ them with double discounting. People are more likely to see a bargain in a product that has be reduced by 20%, and then by an additional 25%, than one that has been subject to an equivalent, one-off, 40%o reduction. Marketing types can dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aw lessons beyond just __52__, says Mr Rao. when advertising a new cars efficiency, for example, it is more __53__ to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage __54__ in fuel consumption. There may be lessons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for regulators too. Even __55__ shoppers are easily fooled. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more noticeably is played unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help.41 A. trick B point C guide D method42 A communicated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with B looked at C concerned about D engaged in 43 A by contrast B after all C for example D as usual 44 A quantity B catalogue C quality D variety45 A indicate B assume C deny D confess46 A attractive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B adequate C essential D equivalentA mathematical B subjective C inevitable D.impressiveA invisibly B clearly C objectively D blindlyA deals B discounts C situations D decisionsA. inaccessibility ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. failure C. illiteracy D dependence A. equip B connect C confuse D motivateA. bargaining B pricing C advertising D retailingA.deceptive B aggressive C logical D convincingA. fall B usage C volume D increaseA. reasonable ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B well-educated C flexible D good-tempered温故知新进才周练4The term “CYBERSPACE” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”. His ____41_____ creation turned out to be remarkably prescient(有先见之明的). Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The _____42____ made by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to____43_____ humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.But there is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data_____44____ are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through attacks. Among the most prominent recent____45_____ has been Target, whose chief executive stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant retailer _____46____ that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. The potential ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) damage, though, extends well beyond such ____47_____intrusion. Wider ___48_____have been raised by the realization of a the growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new territory of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release that cyber-threats ____49_____ one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing. Securing cyber ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )space is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not _____50____ . Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not _____51____ threats because the network was attached to America’s military. As hackers ____52_____, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm,admits that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security. _____53___ , the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se defenses have worked reasonably well. Despite the talk about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably ___54______ . Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at ___55______ stores, share gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill panies and governments are shifting ever more services online.A. technical B. literary C. deliberate D. nobleA. senses B. restrictions C. connections D. differencesA. break through B. keep back C. stand for D. tap intoA. collections B. mistakes C. leaks D. sourcesA. hackers B. agencies C. critics D. victimsA. assessed B. insisted C. revealed D. concludedA. social B. cultural C. civil D. commercialA. gaps B. contacts C. effects D. concernsA. pose B. solve C. maintain D. reduceA. availability B. security C. temptation D. preservationA. worry about B. specialize in C. keep away D. put offA. broke down B. turned up C. fell apart D. shut downA. Of course B. In another word C. On the whole D. Above allA. calm and stable B. fun and fashionable C. profitable and productive D. wild and well-receivedA. luxurious B. favorite C. virtual D. convenience进才周练5Cowboy or spaceman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our ____41____, he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, ___42_____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is ____43____ a grassland than a spaceship—a closed system, alone in space, carrying limited supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental ____44____. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists”, as they call themselves, want to ____45____ its aims and assumptions. What do they say—and will their ideas achieve lift-off To its ___46_____, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is ____47____ in conventional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ways o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through more intensive use of resources. Only the ____48____, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP, a simple ____49____ which does not take account of resource exhaustion, unpaid work, and countless other factors. ____50____ they advocate more holistic(全面的) approaches, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), a composite index(复合指标) that includes things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person ____51____ in 1978: by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, says Herman Daly, a former World Bank economist and eco-guru, is a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held ___52_____.Mainstream economis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts are ___53____. The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists ___54____ self-satisfaction. In 2009 a paper in Nature, a scientific journal, argued that human activity is already ____55____safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity(生物多样性) and climate change. That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceshipA. ignorant B. confident C. astonishing D. anxiousA. less B. smaller C. more D. largerA. movements B. influences C. limits D. threatsA. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionizeA. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professorsA. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflectedA. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientificA. number B. product C. idea D. measureA. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its placeA. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. pausedA. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequateA. unimpressed B. involved C concerned D. appointedA. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer toA. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawing
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