中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第7讲 词汇G + summary专题 教师版
教学内容
进门小练笔 上海市进才中学高三第一学期月考In an effort to enco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recycling panies that receive this certification can attract customers by advertising their product as eco-certified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order to receive eco-certification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United Stated will do the same, for several reasons.American consumer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the eco-certification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or “improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general.Eco-certified woo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers – American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.Although some pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople claim that it always makes good business sense for American companies to keep up with the developments in the rest of the world, this argument is not convincing. Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only if they marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the case – American wood businesses sell most of their products in the United States, catering to a very large customer base that is satisfied with the merchandise.__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________【采分点】1.To encourage ec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ologically sustainable forestry practices, environment-friendly wood company will be given an eco-certification.2.Because the America ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n consumers wouldn’t not value or notice the ecocertification lable, 3.the eco-certification wood will be more expensive4.and the American ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wood companies can’t market most their products abroad,5.they may not want to get one.课堂导入1.话题导读素材源：MSN UK（原文有删改） https://21世纪教育网msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/movies/disneys-mulan-is-not-the-feminist-mulan-chinese-girls-recognize/ar-AAE83Nk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) VocabularyDirections: C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omplete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.reveals B. hugely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) C. disciplined D. starring E. similarly F. undergoing G. arranged H. pursuing I. motivated J. embracing K. disguiseMulan tells ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the story of the Chinese heroine’s decision to ____1___ herself as a man so that she can take the place of her ailing father after he is called up to join the army. The 1998 animated film was ______2____ popular on its release in the US, grossing $304 million, and earning an Oscar nomination for best music. The live-action remake, ___3_____ 31-year-old Chinese-American actress Liu Yifei, is scheduled to be released in the US next March.But the movie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trailer_____4___ a storyline that diverges from the Ballad of Mulan, the famous, centuries-old poem on which the film is based, and the main way Chinese audiences have traditionally learnt about the character, and about the importance of female power.The teaser trailer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shows Mulan’s parents excitedly telling saying they’ve found her a partner, and depicts a matchmaker dressing Mulan up, and extolling the qualities of a good wife—quiet, composed, graceful, and ____5_____—juxtaposed with scenes of Mulan as a soldier. Its focus on Mulan’s ____6_____marriage suggests it contributed to the character’s decision to join the army. The animated film_____7____depicted Mulan meeting with a matchmaker.But the Ballad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of Mulan does not mention arranged marriage at all. The famous poem was composed during the fourth century Wei Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties—when ancient China was ___8____a series of wars among different ethnicities. At the time, changing cultural norms encouraged more freedom and liberal rights for women, in contrast with traditional Confucian theories that encouraged the idea that men were more prestigious.For generations, yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ung Chinese students have been taught to recite the 400-word poem as a lesson in the importance of family, female power, and the belief that women are also capable of ___9______ their own dreams. They learn that Mulan is not running away from her female identity, but instead ____10___ herself as equal to a man.The live-action movie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is expected to follow the plotline of Mulan joining the army to replace her father. Still, people in China aren’t taking the trailer’s focus on arranged marriage well, with some saying it is misleading. “The trailer makes it look like a marriage journal,” one viewer wrote on social media Weibo.【词汇讲解】 disguisev.to give a new a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ppearance to a person or thing, especially in order to hide its true form给…化装，给…乔装打扮；将…伪装起来例：He disguised himself by wearing a false beard.他粘上假胡须伪装自己。grossv.to earn a particular a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mount of money before tax is paid or costs are taken away总收入为，总共赚得，获得…毛利例：The film has grossed over $200 million this year.这部电影今年总收入超过了两亿美元。nominatev.to officially suggest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) someone for an election, job, position, or honour（为选举、工作、职位或荣誉）提名，推荐例：He's been nominate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d by the Green Party as their candidate in the next election.他被绿党提名为下届选举的候选人。depictv.to represent or show something in a picture or story描绘，描述，描写例：Her paintings depict ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the lives of ordinary people in the last century.她的画反映了上个世纪普通人的生活。In the book, he depicts his father as a tyrant.在那本书里，他把自己的父亲描写成了一个暴君。prestigiousadj.very much respected and admired, usually because of being important有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的例：a prestigious literary award颇具声望的文学奖a prestigious university享有盛誉的大学normn.an accepted stand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with行为准则；规范例：Europe's varied cultural, political and ethical norms欧洲形形色色的文化、政治和道德准则accepted social norms被认可的社会准则7. misleadingadj.causing someone to believe something that is not true误导的；引入歧途的；让人产生错误观念的例：misleading information/statements误导人的信息／说法Adverts must not create a misleading impression.广告不应有误导性。8. identityn.who a person is, or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others身份；本身；特性例：The newspaper phot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o apparently showed him in Rome but it was a case of mistaken identity (= it was the wrong person).报纸上的照片似乎显示他在罗马，但其实那个人不是他。In prison people often suffer from a loss of identity.在狱中人们经常会失去自我。【参考答案】1-5KBDAC 6-10 GEFHJ【答案详解】该题需要一个动词原形，根据意思木兰决定把自己装成一个男性，所以选择K。该题需要一个副词，因为整个句子不缺成分，根据意思这部电影在美国上映特别受欢迎，所以选择B。该题需要一个修饰性成分，根据意思是由31岁的美籍华裔女演员刘亦菲主演，所以选择D。该题需要一个动词三单或者动词过去式，根据意思但电影预告片揭示的故事情节与《木兰辞》所传达的故事有些出入，所以选择A。该题需要一个形容词，说当时社会女性特征，只有disciplined守礼比较符合，所以选择C。该题需要一个修饰性词，考查固定搭配，arranged marriage 包办婚姻，所以选择G。该题需要一个副词，因为整个句子不缺成分，根据意思之前的动画片中也同样出现了木兰与媒人会面的画面。所以选择E。该题需要一个ving, 根据意思这首著名的诗歌创作于公元4世纪魏晋南北朝时期，当时中国正经历着一系列不同民族之间的战争。所以选择F。该题需要一个ving, 根据意思也强调一种观念，即女性也有能力追求自己的梦想。所以选择H。该题需要一个ving, 根据意思他们了解到，木兰并不是在逃避自己的女性身份，而是在接受自己与男性是平等的。所以选择J。精讲精练【知识梳理1】考纲词汇G1. gain n/v No pains ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), no gains/ gain experience/support/gain from 从---中获得2. gallery 走廊，画廊 art ~3.gap generation ~4.gather v. 聚集，使集合 ~ together/ ~ information5. gaze 注视，凝视 ~ at6. general(ly)7. generation n narrow the generation gap缩小代沟8. generous a. 慷概的，大方的9. gentle a. 柔和的10. geography 地理11. geology 地质学12. germ 细菌，病菌13. gesture n./v. 手势，做手势14. giant a./n. 巨大的，巨人，伟人15. gift n have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a ~ / talent / genius for music, a man of many ~s, a ~ed / talented artist16. give give off steam / light 发出气/光give out a.分发 b. 发/放出 c. 精疲力竭/耗尽/用完 d.公布 It’s given out that give in a. 屈服/让步give away a.捐赠 b. 颁发 c.未抓住,断送 d. 泄露, 出卖17. glance v. glance at 看一眼 at a ~ 一看就，一下子 at first ~ 乍一看18. glorious a. 光辉的，荣耀的 glory19.go go round a 足够分配 b 顺便走访 c.参观访问, 饶道走20. goal n a. reach a ~, fight for a common ~ b. keep / defend the ~ c. get / make / score / kick a ~21. gossip v./n. 闲谈22. govern v. 统治，治理，管理23. grab v. 抓取，逮住24. graceful 优雅的25. gracious 亲切的26. graduate n. vi vt.27. grand 宏伟的，庄重的28. grant 同意，授予 take sth. for granted 认为---理所当然29. grasp v./n. 抓住，理解30. grateful adj. be ~ / thankful / obliged to sb for sth syn. owe thanks to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sb for sth.; extend thanks to sb. show one’s appreciation for sth, appreciate sth, express one’s gratitude to sb for sth31. gratitude 感激之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情，谢意 out of ~ / with ~ / express one’s gratitude to sb for sth32. greedy adj. be greedy for sth. 33. grief n. 忧伤，悲痛34. ground 场地 （grounds 理由，根据）35. guarantee n. sth with three years’ ~ vt. ~ sth (to sb) / to do / that be ~d for one year / to dilver within a week36. guilty adj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) declare sb ~, be ~ of murder 犯谋杀罪, have a ~ / clear conscience 问心有/无愧【知识梳理2】定义：什么是summary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )？
摘要（summary）是一种对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文.它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容.摘要写作（summary writing）是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文.另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向.这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力.因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法.
下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要.在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（main facts）；略去不必要的细节（unnecessary details）.安排好篇幅的比例.摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容.注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).要用适当的转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子.
（4）尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句.
（5）计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求. 写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。第一步：阅读A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。第三步：修改成文草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。【知识梳理3】一．记叙文写作步骤1. 写作方法：要素串联法 记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who, how, 给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。2. 记叙文的概要模板：The passage/story is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.The author tells us a story about a ________.The passage is a story about ________.According to the passage, the hero in the story ________.记叙文概要分类模板a.点明写作目的类：The writer tells u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s…（主题）by showing us an example of…, who/which…（故事情节）.b.作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, which……c. 他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth…..二．议论文写作步骤议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因此写议论 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusion sentences)。 其中最主要的是找准主题句。 概要模板：论点+论据(+结论)第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。任何 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关键词和全 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文或段落的主题句),进行改写: 或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等). 千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句.第三、用连词连接各部分，使它连贯；第四、整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数。议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )采用如下方法概括：The writer of this article thinks that… 或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some people think… 还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the view that…三．说明文概述的步骤：1） 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2）寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3）重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
4）重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子） 2. 写说明文概述要注意的事项： 1) 不能摘抄原文句子, 要用自己的语言“重组” 主要内容； 2) 只保留主要观点，不要细节； 3) 不要发表自己的观点； 4) 不要把列举、描绘性语言当成概述性语言； 5) 一般用第三人称转述； 6) 概述不要太宽泛，缺乏针对性，也不要只针对原文某个细节，概述得太狭窄； 7) 注意段中句子的衔接, 切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子； 8) 保证无语法错误; 【知识梳理4】写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ttle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mounta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ins like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )untains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.” 8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” 可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless. 当堂检测 上海市进才中学高三第一学期开学考For anyone who dou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month—more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says. Behind the t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )exting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point. Part of what's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts. Economics has much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to do with texting’s popularity. Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less. Sprint Nextel has reconceived its Virgin Mobile brand to cater to heavy texters in a difficult economy. For $25 per month, users get unlimited texting, email, social networking and 300 talk minutes; for another $15, they get an additional 900 talk minutes. The name of the brand’s new wireless plan: “Beyond Talk.” Texting’s rise ov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er conversation is changing the way we interact, social scientists and researchers say. We are now inclined to text to relay difficult information. We stare at our phone when we want to avoid eye contact. Rather than make plans in advance, we engage in what research have named “micro-coordination” --- “I’ll txt u in 10mins when I know wh/ restrnt.”Texting saves us tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, but it steals from quiet reflection. “When people have a mobile device and have even a little extra time, they will communicate with someone in their life,” says Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project. __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________…………… …………… …………… …………… …………… ……………【答案】Nowadays, texting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is gaining popularity among teenagers as well as adults. Rise of social media and promotion of cheaper wireless packages are among the leading causes. People’s preference for texting is revolutionizing our means of interaction. While it is convenient, texting robs us of self-reflection.【分析】采分点：1. Texting is gaining popularity among teenagers as well as adults. 2. Rise of social med ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ia and promotion of cheaper wireless packages are among the leading causes. 3. People’s pref ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erence for texting is revolutionizing our means of interaction. 4. While it is convenient, texting robs us of self-reflection.-宝山区一模Have you eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r been involved in animal rescue This is what happened to the Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body. The fisherman who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) found her called for help, and the rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium in Florida. The doctors managed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. He tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.The little dolphin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail. She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine.Kevin Carroll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) heard Winter’s story and for thought he would could help. He is a specialist who designs and provides prostheses for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail section. Kevin designed a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tretchy sleeve to fit winter’s body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now winter can swim like other dolphins. And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60Keys：It is about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an inspiring rescuing a dolphin Winter found trapped in ropes by a fisherman. Badly injured, she had to be transferred to an aquarium where doctors saved her but her damaged tail was removed. Luckily, a specialist Kevin designed an artificial tail for her, helping her swim normally again.(51words)温故知新18~19曹杨二中高三上期中The Negative Effects of Gossip"Did you hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what happened to Adam last Friday " Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), Tori brags. "You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago."Who are Linds ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey and Tori talking about It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip, I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negativ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic--breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out--that a person would rather keep secret, The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the in group." In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority,Gossip also can h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do's and don't conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) vary depending on the situation, The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to g ssip and what effects your "juicy story" might have.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ Keys：There are three neg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ative effects of gossip. Gossip hurt people by exposing shameful secrets about the victims and cruel lies can cause pain. It gives gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction as they feel important and feel like part of the group. It can strengthen hidden rules by policing behaviors in a group. People should consider the effects before gossiping.选自SSPIn 1971 we were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) living in Wichita, Kansas —Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby. Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my thoughts, alternating between joy and sorrow，and I got to thinking about my paper route(往返送报)，that tree, what my mother had said to me and how Dad had tried to make things better.I heard a noise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom. She couldn’t sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea—which was her treatment for just about everything. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there. She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading. When I told her, she asked if I would read it to her and I did.When the kettle be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gan to whistle, she went and made her tea. She came back, and we started to talk. I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so. It got very quiet for a moment and then she said, “Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money ,’“Yes，” I said. “I’ve just been thinking about it you know. ’’ She hesitated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for a long moment, as though she were on the verge of something that was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take surgery to get it out. Finally, great tears started down her face and she cried, “Oh，son, please forgive me. ’’ “That time and tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said."________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60keys：The pass ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age tells us one of the author's talks with his mother.(要点 1) One Christmas Eve，（要 点 2) both the author and his mother couldn’t fall asleep because they remembered something happened 25 years ago when the author bought a tree with his paper route money.(要点 3) His mother remembered what she said that day to his father and felt sorry for that.(要点 4)
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进门小练笔 上海市进才中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学高三第一学期月考In an effort to e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ncourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recycling panies that receive this certification can attract customers by advertising their product as eco-certified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order to receive eco-certification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United Stated will do the same, for several reasons.American consume ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the eco-certification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new” or “improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general.Eco-certified ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers – American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.Although some people c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )laim that it always makes good business sense for American companies to keep up with the developments in the rest of the world, this argument is not convincing. Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only if they marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the case – American wood businesses sell most of their products in the United States, catering to a very large customer base that is satisfied with the merchandise.__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________课堂导入1.话题导读素材源：MSN UK（原文有删改） https://21世纪教育网msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/movies/disneys-mulan-is-not-the-feminist-mulan-chinese-girls-recognize/ar-AAE83Nk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) VocabularyDirections: Complete ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.reveals B. hugel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y C. disciplined D. starring E. similarly F. undergoing G. arranged H. pursuing I. motivated J. embracing K. disguiseMulan tells the stor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y of the Chinese heroine’s decision to ____1___ herself as a man so that she can take the place of her ailing father after he is called up to join the army. The 1998 animated film was ______2____ popular on its release in the US, grossing $304 million, and earning an Oscar nomination for best music. The live-action remake, ___3_____ 31-year-old Chinese-American actress Liu Yifei, is scheduled to be released in the US next March.But the movi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e trailer_____4___ a storyline that diverges from the Ballad of Mulan, the famous, centuries-old poem on which the film is based, and the main way Chinese audiences have traditionally learnt about the character, and about the importance of female power.The teaser trailer sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ows Mulan’s parents excitedly telling saying they’ve found her a partner, and depicts a matchmaker dressing Mulan up, and extolling the qualities of a good wife—quiet, composed, graceful, and ____5_____—juxtaposed with scenes of Mulan as a soldier. Its focus on Mulan’s ____6_____marriage suggests it contributed to the character’s decision to join the army. The animated film_____7____depicted Mulan meeting with a matchmaker.But the Ballad of Mula ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n does not mention arranged marriage at all. The famous poem was composed during the fourth century Wei Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties—when ancient China was ___8____a series of wars among different ethnicities. At the time, changing cultural norms encouraged more freedom and liberal rights for women, in contrast with traditional Confucian theories that encouraged the idea that men were more prestigious.For generatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns, young Chinese students have been taught to recite the 400-word poem as a lesson in the importance of family, female power, and the belief that women are also capable of ___9______ their own dreams. They learn that Mulan is not running away from her female identity, but instead ____10___ herself as equal to a man.The live-action m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ovie is expected to follow the plotline of Mulan joining the army to replace her father. Still, people in China aren’t taking the trailer’s focus on arranged marriage well, with some saying it is misleading. “The trailer makes it look like a marriage journal,” one viewer wrote on social media Weibo.【词汇讲解】 disguisev.to give a new appeara ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce to a person or thing, especially in order to hide its true form给…化装，给…乔装打扮；将…伪装起来例：He disguised himself by wearing a false beard.他粘上假胡须伪装自己。grossv.to earn a parti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cular amount of money before tax is paid or costs are taken away总收入为，总共赚得，获得…毛利例：The film has grossed over $200 million this year.这部电影今年总收入超过了两亿美元。nominatev.to officially s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uggest someone for an election, job, position, or honour（为选举、工作、职位或荣誉）提名，推荐例：He's been nomi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nated by the Green Party as their candidate in the next election.他被绿党提名为下届选举的候选人。depictv.to represent or show something in a picture or story描绘，描述，描写例：Her paintings dep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ict the lives of ordinary people in the last century.她的画反映了上个世纪普通人的生活。In the book, he depicts his father as a tyrant.在那本书里，他把自己的父亲描写成了一个暴君。prestigiousadj.very much respected and admired, usually because of being important有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的例：a prestigious literary award颇具声望的文学奖a prestigious university享有盛誉的大学normn.an accepted stan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with行为准则；规范例：Europe's varied cultural, political and ethical norms欧洲形形色色的文化、政治和道德准则accepted social norms被认可的社会准则7. misleadingadj.causing someone to believe something that is not true误导的；引入歧途的；让人产生错误观念的例：misleading information/statements误导人的信息／说法Adverts must not create a misleading impression.广告不应有误导性。8. identityn.who a person is, o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others身份；本身；特性例：The newspaper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )photo apparently showed him in Rome but it was a case of mistaken identity (= it was the wrong person).报纸上的照片似乎显示他在罗马，但其实那个人不是他。In prison people often suffer from a loss of identity.在狱中人们经常会失去自我。精讲精练【知识梳理1】考纲词汇G1. gain n/v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) No pains, no gains/ gain experience/support/gain from 从---中获得2. gallery 走廊，画廊 art ~3.gap generation ~4.gather v. 聚集，使集合 ~ together/ ~ information5. gaze 注视，凝视 ~ at6. general(ly)7. generation n narrow the generation gap缩小代沟8. generous a. 慷概的，大方的9. gentle a. 柔和的10. geography 地理11. geology 地质学12. germ 细菌，病菌13. gesture n./v. 手势，做手势14. giant a./n. 巨大的，巨人，伟人15. gift n ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve a ~ / talent / genius for music, a man of many ~s, a ~ed / talented artist16. give give off steam / light 发出气/光give out a.分发 b. 发/放出 c. 精疲力竭/耗尽/用完 d.公布 It’s given out that give in a. 屈服/让步give away a.捐赠 b. 颁发 c.未抓住,断送 d. 泄露, 出卖17. glance v. glance at 看一眼 at a ~ 一看就，一下子 at first ~ 乍一看18. glorious a. 光辉的，荣耀的 glory19.go go round a 足够分配 b 顺便走访 c.参观访问, 饶道走20. goal n a. reach a ~, fight for a common ~ b. keep / defend the ~ c. get / make / score / kick a ~21. gossip v./n. 闲谈22. govern v. 统治，治理，管理23. grab v. 抓取，逮住24. graceful 优雅的25. gracious 亲切的26. graduate n. vi vt.27. grand 宏伟的，庄重的28. grant 同意，授予 take sth. for granted 认为---理所当然29. grasp v./n. 抓住，理解30. grateful adj. be ~ / thankful / obliged to sb for sth syn. owe thanks to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sb for sth.; extend thanks to sb. show one’s appreciation for sth, appreciate sth, express one’s gratitude to sb for sth31. gratitude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 感激之情，谢意 out of ~ / with ~ / express one’s gratitude to sb for sth32. greedy adj. be greedy for sth. 33. grief n. 忧伤，悲痛34. ground 场地 （grounds 理由，根据）35. guarantee n. sth with three years’ ~ vt. ~ sth (to sb) / to do / that be ~d for one year / to dilver within a week36. guilty adj dec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lare sb ~, be ~ of murder 犯谋杀罪, have a ~ / clear conscience 问心有/无愧【知识梳理2】定义：什么是summary？
摘要（sum ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mary）是一种对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文.它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的,不加主观评论和解释,但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容.摘要写作（summary writing）是一种控制性的作文形式,它能使学生通过阅读原文,吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处,写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文.另外,对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助,有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到,事无巨细,一一罗列的不良倾向.这种写作既要准确理解原文,又要能综合概括；既能培养欣赏能力,又能训练书面表达能力.因此,用英文写摘要,对学习英语写作的学生来说,不失为一种切合实际的方法.
下面谈谈怎么写好英文摘要.在写作时要特别注意下面几点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：
（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（main facts）；略去不必要的细节（unnecessary details）.安排好篇幅的比例.摘要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容.注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接.要用适当的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )转折词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子.
（4）尽可能用自己的话来写,但不排斥用原文的某些词句.
（5）计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求. 写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。第一步：阅读A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。第三步：修改成文草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。经过上述步骤和方法，一篇摘要就可以完成了。【知识梳理3】一．记叙文写作步骤1. 写作方法：要素串联法 记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who, how, 给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意。2. 记叙文的概要模板：The passage/story is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.The author tells us a story about a ________.The passage is a story about ________.According to the passage, the hero in the story ________.记叙文概要分类模板a.点明写作目的类：The writer tells us… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )（主题）by showing us an example of…, who/which…（故事情节）.b.作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, which……c. 他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth…..二．议论文写作步骤议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论, 因此写议 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句(conclusion sentences)。 其中最主要的是找准主题句。 概要模板：论点+论据(+结论)第一、找出关键词和全文或段落的主题句。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。一般地说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。第二、根据原文的词句(一般指关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )键词和全文或段落的主题句),进行改写: 或用相应的同义词，或进行句型转换(如主动句改为被动句等等). 千万不要原封不动地抄写原文的词句.第三、用连词连接各部分，使它连贯；第四、整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数。议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The writer of this article thinks that… 或者你认为本材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some people think… 还可以从中立的角度或用“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the view that…三．说明文概述的步骤：1） 确定主题句。确定阅读 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2）寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3）重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
4）重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。
口诀：简括为：缩长见短，省却细腻。（括：概括性。见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子） 2. 写说明文概述要注意的事项： 1) 不能摘抄原文句子, 要用自己的语言“重组” 主要内容； 2) 只保留主要观点，不要细节； 3) 不要发表自己的观点； 4) 不要把列举、描绘性语言当成概述性语言； 5) 一般用第三人称转述； 6) 概述不要太宽泛，缺乏针对性，也不要只针对原文某个细节，概述得太狭窄； 7) 注意段中句子的衔接, 切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子； 8) 保证无语法错误; 【知识梳理4】写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mount ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.” 8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” 可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested to Pau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless. 当堂检测 上海市进才中学高三第一学期开学考For anyone who dou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month—more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says. Behind the texti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point. Part of what' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts. Economics has much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to do with texting’s popularity. Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less. Sprint Nextel has reconceived its Virgin Mobile brand to cater to heavy texters in a difficult economy. For $25 per month, users get unlimited texting, email, social networking and 300 talk minutes; for another $15, they get an additional 900 talk minutes. The name of the brand’s new wireless plan: “Beyond Talk.” Texting’s rise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) over conversation is changing the way we interact, social scientists and researchers say. We are now inclined to text to relay difficult information. We stare at our phone when we want to avoid eye contact. Rather than make plans in advance, we engage in what research have named “micro-coordination” --- “I’ll txt u in 10mins when I know wh/ restrnt.”Texting saves u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s time, but it steals from quiet reflection. “When people have a mobile device and have even a little extra time, they will communicate with someone in their life,” says Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project. __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ ____________________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________…………… …………… …………… …………… …………… ……………-宝山区一模Have you ever been i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nvolved in animal rescue This is what happened to the Winter the dolphin. Winter was found off the coast of Florida in December of 2005. She was just a few months old, alone, and caught in a crab trap. The ropes from the trap were wrapped tightly around her body. The fisherman who f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ound her called for help, and the rescue team soon arrived. The ropes had cut off the blood circulation to her tail. She was badly hurt. Her rescuers didn't think she would survive. Hoping for a miracle and racing against time to save her, the rescuers transferred her to the Clearwater Marine Aquarium in Florida. The doctors manag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to save Winter, but sadly, not her tail. He tail flukes were too damaged and had to be removed so Winter could live.The little dolphin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Winter survived against all odds, but she would never be able to swim normally without a tail. Thankfully the story doesn't end here. Winter was able to swim, but not very well. Because she didn't have a tail. She moved her body in a side-to-side motion like a shark. But doctors at the aquarium were worried that unconventional moment would hurt her spine.Kevin Carroll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heard Winter’s story and for thought he would could help. He is a specialist who designs and provides prostheses for people. If he could help people, why not help a dolphin He started working with Winter and came up with a solution for the new fluke and tail section. Kevin designed a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) stretchy sleeve to fit winter’s body and protect her skin. Then a tail made of silicone and plastic was made to tightly fit over the sleeve. Now winter can swim like other dolphins. And she is a great inspiration to people who struggle with their own injuries. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60温故知新18~19曹杨二中高三上期中The Negative Effects of Gossip"Did you hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what happened to Adam last Friday " Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shining, Tori brags. "You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago."Who are Lindsey an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d Tori talking about It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip, I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic--breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out--that a person would rather keep secret, The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the in group." In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority,Gossip also can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do's and don't conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssip vary depending on the situation, The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to g ssip and what effects your "juicy story" might have.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 选自SSPIn 1971 we were living ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in Wichita, Kansas —Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby. Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my thoughts, alternating between joy and sorrow，and I got to thinking about my paper route(往返送报)，that tree, what my mother had said to me and how Dad had tried to make things better.I heard a nois ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom. She couldn’t sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea—which was her treatment for just about everything. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there. She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading. When I told her, she asked if I would read it to her and I did.When the kettle b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )egan to whistle, she went and made her tea. She came back, and we started to talk. I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so. It got very quiet for a moment and then she said, “Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money ,’“Yes，” I said. “I’ve just been thinking about it you know. ’’ She hesitat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed for a long moment, as though she were on the verge of something that was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take surgery to get it out. Finally, great tears started down her face and she cried, “Oh，son, please forgive me. ’’ “That time a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said."________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 6
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