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备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第5讲 词汇E +阅读提升专题 学生版
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进门小练笔2021黄浦一模72.如天公作美，周末我们就去郊游。(permit)73.端午时节吃粽子、赛龙舟是我们的习俗。(It)74.尽管该项目困难重重，但有当地政府和企业的共同努力定能取得进展。(progress)75.园艺使人们得以侍弃花草，通过与大自然的接触得到美的享受，能修身养性。(which)课堂导入1.话题导读素材源：CNN（原文有删改） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )VocabularyDirections: Comple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.organisms B. pee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king C. aid D. intriguing E. collide F. actually G composition H. detecting I. definitely J. presence K. quest New way of detecting oxygen on exoplanets could help find lifeThe search for oxygen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on other planets outside of our solar system, called exoplanets, is thought to be an(a) ______1___ in the search for life outside of Earth. Now, astronomers have developed a new method for detecting oxygen on exoplanets, according to a new study published Monday.The scientis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts believe their new method could speed up the ____2____ for life by making it easier to tell if individual exoplanets could host life on their surfaces by _____3_____into their atmospheres.For example, if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an alien species was searching for life outside of their planet, one of the ways they could tell Earth hosted life is because of the____4____ of biosignatures, such as oxygen. Individual____5____ like plants on Earth produce oxygen through photosynthesis.The new method will r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ely on ____6_____the strong signal created when oxygen molecules _____7_____in the atmospheres of expoplanets. The method will be used by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, which will be able to peer into the atmospheres of exoplanets and search for this signal. The telescope will launch in 2021 and take a closer look at ____8____exoplanet targets already identified by previous planet-hunting missions such as NASA's Kepler and TESS.This unique s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ignal produced by oxygen molecule collisions could ____9____help astronomers decide if the planet hosts life or not. Once this determination is made, they could quickly move on in the search."Before our work, o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xygen at similar levels as on Earth was thought to be undetectable with Webb," said Thomas Fauchez, lead study author at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "This oxygen signal is known since the early 1980s from Earth's atmospheric studies but has never been studied for exoplanet research."The collision o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the oxygen molecules is key because they block infrared light from the telescope, creating patterns in the spectrum that help determine the ____10_____of the atmosphere. To create their method, the researchers calculated the amount of light expected to be blocked out by the collisions. 【词汇讲解】 detectn.to discover something, usually using special equipment（通常指用特殊设备）探测，检测，测出例：High levels of lead were detected in the atmosphere.经检测发现大气中铅的含量很高。Radar equipme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt is used to detect (= find the position of) enemy aircraft.雷达装置用于探测敌机的位置。signaln. an action, movemen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, or sound that gives information, a message, a warning, or an order信号例：When she gave (them) the signal, they all cheered.她发出信号后，他们都欢呼起来。v. information or tells people what to do发信号；示意例：She signalled for help.她发出了求救信号。She signalled to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cars behind her that they were going the wrong way.她示意后面的车辆走错了路。3.peerv. to look carefully or with difficulty仔细看，端详；费力地看例：The driver was pee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring into the distance trying to read the road sign.司机费力地看着远方，想要看清路标。identifyv.. to recognize someone o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is认出，识别例：Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice.就连年龄最小的婴儿也能根据声音分辨出自己的妈妈。identify with sbto feel that you a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re similar to someone in some way and that you can understand that person or their situation because of this认同（某人），与（某人）产生共鸣例：Many women of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) normal weight feel unable to identify with the super-thin models in fashion magazines.许多体重正常的女性对时尚杂志中那些超瘦的模特儿无法产生认同感。collide v.(especially of moving objects) to hit something violently（尤指移动的物体）相撞，碰撞例：It was predicted that a comet would collide with one of the planets.预计一颗彗星将与某行星相撞。spectrum n.the set of colours int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o which a beam of light can be separated, or a range of waves, such as light waves or radio waves光谱；波谱；声谱；频谱例：The colours of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) spectrum - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet - can be seen in a rainbow.光谱中的红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫诸色都可以在彩虹中见到。n.a range of d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifferent positions, opinions, etc. between two extreme points（看法、感觉等的）范围，各层次例：A wide spectrum of opinion was represented at the meeting.会上提出了一系列广泛的意见。questn.a long search for s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omething that is difficult to find, or an attempt to achieve something difficult探索；寻求；追求例：Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth.没有什么可以阻止他们对真理的追求。compositionn.the parts, substances, etc. that something is made of成分；构成；结构例：the composition of the atmosphere大气的构成精讲精练【知识梳理1】【考纲词汇E】eager adj.热切 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的，渴望的 be ~ for success / to succeed be anxious for sth / to do eagerness n. 渴望 full of eagerness充满渴望的ear n. turn a deaf ~ to sth, 对。。。充耳不闻 earn vt.赚、挣得~ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one’s living = make a living, ~ money =make money, ~ fame赢得名望earnest adj. 认真的；热切的；诚恳的 an ~ student, make an ~ request for helpease n. 休闲；容易 a. with ~ =easily b. at ease安逸，自由自在；舒适(不拘束), vt. 减轻，缓和；使安心 ~ (= relieve) the pain / the traffic economy n. 经济an ~ class 经济舱 adj. economic经济的 ~ policy / crisis economical adj.节约的，节俭的an ~ person一个节俭的人9.educate vt. ~ sb to do, 教育某人做 well-~d people 受过良好教育的人 10.effect n. 效果；结果；影响cause and effect, 因果关系take ~ 开始实施/生效11.efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的an efficient manager. 一个有能力的经理 12.effort n. make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an ~ /make every ~ / make ~s (to do sth), 努力做某事 spare no ~ to do不遗余力的做 13.elaborate adj. 精心制作的an ~ design / plan14.elect vt. be elected president of the United States 15.electric adj. 电的an ~ light / fan / current电流 16.electrical adj.电的；与电有关的 ~ equipment / appliances电器17.elegant adj.（举止、服饰等）优美的，文雅的；（文体、语言等）典雅的 an ~ style of writing18.element n. 元素； a. 元素rare ~s b. 要素, Is money an ~ of happiness 19.elementary adj. 初级的；基本的 an ~ / a primary school, 小学20.embarrass vt. 使局促不安；使为难 find oneself in an ~ing situation 21.embarrassment to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是22.emerge vi. 浮现；（问 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题等）发生；显露 The moon ~d / appeared from behind the cloud. 23.emergency n. 急诊；紧急情况~ exit, 紧急出口 in case of ~在紧急情况下24.emphasis n. 强调；着重put / place / lay ~ on / upon sth, 强调 25.emphasize vt.强调，着重 26.employ vt. 雇用，使 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用，利用 ~ sb as / to do sth, ~ (= use) one’s time better 27.employment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) n. 雇佣；受雇 employment opportunity就业机会 empoyer /ee, 雇主、老板；员工 28.empty ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )j. 空的；无意义的；无知的；徒劳的 be ~ of sth 没有…的，缺乏 The street is ~ of traffic. ~ words / promise vt. 使…成为空的~ the house 29.enable vt. 使能够 ~ sb to do sth 30.encourage vt. ~ sb to do, ~ sb in study 在学习上鼓励某人 n. encouragement 31.end vt. v. end up + prep (by / in / with etc) / doing / n / adj / adv 结束；以…而结束；以…告终32.endure vt. 忍受（痛苦 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、困难） ~ pain / suffering / hardship / cold, ~ doing / to do sth 忍受做某事33.endurance n持久（力）test one’s ~, cold ~, 耐寒性 beyond / past ~ 忍无可忍地34.energy n. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能量，精力，活力，能源 devote one’s ~ to sth, concentrate / focus (one’s ~) on sth 35.energetic adj.精力充沛的 vt. energize 供给…能量；使有活力36.engage vt. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 从事于；使参加a . be engaged in (doing) sth 忙于做某事 The line is ~d / busy. b. be ~d to sb 和…订婚 n. engagement婚约；约会；37.enhance vt. 增强, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )增加 ~ sense of discipline / its strength and competitive ability 38.enlarge vt. 扩大，放大 ~ one’s vocabulary, ~ a photo39.enlargement n.扩 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大the ~ of the business / a photo, the ~ of one’s mind 胸襟的开拓40.enough adv. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more than ~ = too much, 绰绰有余，足够而且有余； far from ~, 远远不够 41.enroll v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t.招（生）~ sb as a member of, ~ new students vi.入学、参加~ in a university42.ensure vt保证、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )担保 ~ sth / sb sth / that ~ sb a good night’s sleep, 43.enter for = sign up for an English contest 参加（竞赛，活动等）；报名参加（比赛）44.entrance n. 入口college ~ examination, ~ to the hall 45.entertain vt. 给…娱 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )乐；使快乐；款待 a. ~ a child with toys ~ sb with delicious food 46.entitle vt. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a. 给权力 / 资格 ~ sb to do / to sth b. 冠名, 给称号 a book ~d “Harry Potter”47.envy vt.羡慕；妒忌 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ~ sb sth I ~ you your success / good luck / good health. 48.equal adj.相等的；平等的 vt.等于；比得上be ~ to 等于.A is ~ to B.49.equip vt. a.配备 ~ sth / sb with sth be ~ped with modern machines b.准备 ~ sb for sth / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to do be well ~ped (=prepared) for a new task, equipment n. 设备[u] electrical ~ cf: electrical appliances50.equivalent adj.相等的；相当的；等量的be ~ to =is equal to 相当于；等价于 51.error n. 错误，差错in ~ = by mistake, 错误地by trial and ~反复试验，不断摸索 52.escape vt. 逃避，避免；被忘掉narrowly ~ being punished, 侥幸逃脱惩罚逃跑；逃亡a. a narrow ~九死一生b. an ~ of gas 漏气53.essential ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dj.必要的；实质的 a. be ~ to 对…必要, It’~ that sb should do sth. 54.establish vt. ~…as / in 使…确立地位 /名声 Tea has ~ed itself as the national drink. 55. estimate vt. ~ sb / sth at / to be / clause 56.every adj ~ other day = ~ two days = every second day, ~ few days57.evident adj be ~ to sb It’s ~ (to me) that he has no experience in the work. n. evidence 58.evil n. get rid o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f all social ~s, do ~s, Money is the root of all ~. adj. an ~ man, ~ news59.exact adj. to be ~ = or rather 60.exam n. sit for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ take an ~ 参加考试 examination = exam college / university entrance ~61.example n. follow one’s ~, set an ~ to sb, without ~ 没有先例62.except prep. except = but, powerless to do anything ~ wait 63.exchange vt. ~ A for B = replace A with B cf: substitute A for B64.excursion n. make / go on / take an ~ to sp 65.excuse vt. ~ sb for doing sth / doing sth n. make an ~66.exercise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) n. a. [c] do morning / eye ~s b. [u] take plenty of ~ 锻炼67.exhaust vt. ~ one’s money / patient / strength 68.exist vi. a. Does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) life ~ on the moon existence n. come into ~ = come into being, in ~ 现存的69.exit n. emergency ~ ant. entrance 70.expand v. a. 扩大 ~ one’s business, ~ further b. 展开 ~ one’s short stories into a novel c. 膨胀 Heat ~s metal. Metal ~s when heated71.expect vt. ~ sb / sth / to do / sb to do sth / that n. expectation contrary to one’s ~ (= what sb ~ed), fall short of / not live up to sb’s ~s 辜负期望72.expense n. spare no ~ 不惜费用, at the ~ (=cost) of one’s health, 73.experience n 经验 ；经历vt. a经历 b. 体验到 ~ hardship / defeat74.experienced adj.经验的 an ~ doctor, be ~ in (doing) sth75.experiment n. do / make / conduct / perform / carry out an ~ (on sb / in physics)vi. ~ on / with It’s cruel to ~ on animals. ~ with new methods.76.expert adj. be ~ at / in / on sth. n. an ~ in / on / at sth77.explain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vt. ~ sth to sb, ~ sth in detail, ~ oneself n. explanation give an ~ for sth78.explode 爆炸vi. The firework ~d. ~ with / in anger大发脾气79.explosive adj.爆炸的 n. explosion 爆炸 ；爆发80.exploit vt. a. 开发 ~ natural resources b. 利用 ~ solar energy c. 剥削the ~ing / ~ed class81.explore ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vt. ~ the unknown / nature vi. ~ for oil n. exploration 82.export n. an i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mport and ~ firm vt. ~ tea to Europe ant. import sth from 83.expose vt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). ~ sb / sth to sth a. be exposed to English for 10 years, ~ sb to danger,84.express n. 快递 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )send goods by ~ vt.表达 ~ / one’s feelings / sympathy, ~ oneself n . expression ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a. read the ~ on one’ face / in one’s eyes b. new words and ~s 85.extend .vi.(时间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/空间)延伸 ~ eastward as far as the river, The hot weather extended into October n. extension adj. extensive ~ reading 泛读86.extent n.程 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )度，范围，长度, within the ~ of human knowledge, to some / what ~87.extinct adj. 灭绝的become ~ = die out 88.extinction n. be threatened with ~89.extreme adj. a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).末端的 the ~ end of the pole b. 极端的 in ~ danger n. go to ~s 走向极端90.eye n. in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )~ of sb /sth在/从…看来, keep an ~ on 照顾, turn a blind ~ to sth,【知识梳理2】阅读类型：一．科普环保类题型介绍：“人与自然和谐发展”是时代的主题，科普环保的话题也越来越多地出现在试题中。 题材特点： 科普环保类阅读理解是历高考命题的热点，该类文章常涉及以下几个方而：（1）环境保护主要包括减少乱排乱放，不能过度放牧，不能过度开发自然资源，不能破坏生态平衡。（2）生态保护主要包括防止濒危物种灭绝，防止植被破坏以及防止土地退化，特别是防止沙漠化。（3）环保生活方式主要包括节约能源和降低资源消耗，杜绝浪费，崇尚低碳生活方式。（4）人与自然和谐发展解决人类发展过程中与自然界的矛盾，维护生态平衡，为人类创造可持续发展的环境。2.解题策略：结合科普类阅读的题材、结构、语言和设题的特点，我们如何快速有效地对文章进行整体的把握呢？（1）注重日常积累，培养科学思维在日常的学习生活中，增加科普读物的阅读，熟悉科普类文章的语言风格，分析它们的结构脉络，感受作者的写作角度和态度。（2）夯实英语基础，高度决定深度英语阅读绝不是抛开语法谈文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，而是在利用基本的语法结构来更好、更恰当地表达作者的想法。在科普类文章中，一定要加强对长难句的分析，例如下面描写智能卡的句子“Smart cards which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis”含有两个定语从句，这就需要有扎实的基本功。只有对句式有着高度的把握，才会对文意有更深程度的领会。同时也要熟悉一些基本的应用构词法，这样在猜词时会受益颇深。二.广告海报类1.题材特点和命题规律 广告海报类文章不仅是平时阅读的“常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )客”，在历的高考试题中也可以见到它灵活多变的“倩影”，了解此类试题的命题特点和解题策略，对于考生提高高考阅读理解能力十分重要。 此类文章语言简练、准确严谨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；文章短小精悍，但隐含的信息量并不少，有很强的实用性；段落层次相对比较分明，题目精炼醒目：文章条理清晰，常用粗体字、斜体字或多种符号，使文章结构紧凑、明显；设问顺序一般按照文章段落的顺序，设问形式以细节题为主，兼有推断题、词扩推测题及作者写作意图题等。这类文章主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息的能力，包括对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合以及推理判断，题目设置相对容易。2.解题策略： 广告海报类文章主要是为了向读者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )传输信息，所以在阅读这类文章时特别要注意细节信息。 做题时，第一步，浏览标题、斜体、大写、黑体字、插图等，了解文章结构及人概内容。遇到生词或读不懂的地方，可以暂时忽略。第二步，阅读试题中的问题，带着问题或题干中的关键词到相关段落寻找对应的关键词、关键句，仔细分析，做出正确的选择。遇到考查推理判断、作者写作意图的题，要特别注意首段和末段作者传递的信息以及文章中捕述的每个细节，经过分析、对比、综合考虑，选出正确选项。三.人物故事类1.题型介绍：近来人物类文章在高考阅读理解中所占的比例有所减少，但仍是高考常考的文体之一。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )都是作者在描述事件，较少加入自己的观点或评论。所选的人物都是非常具有特点的，这些人物往往具有独特的品质或经历，值得人们学习或从中吸取教训。2.Vocabulary：(1)adventurous 有冒险精神的 (2)aggressive 有进取心的，攻击性的 (3)rebellious 叛逆的 (4)calm冷静的 (5)passionate/enthusiastic 热情的 (6)generous 慷慨的(7)tricky 狡猾的 (8)honest/sincere 诚挚的 (9)religious 虔诚的 (10)critical 挑剔的 (11)spoiled 被惯坏的 (12)easy-going 随和的 (13)moody/emotional 情绪化的 (14)ill-tempered 坏脾气的 (15)innocent 幼稚的，不懂事的 (16)childish 孩子气的，幼稚的 (17)selfless 无私的 (18)shallow 浅薄的 (19)romantic 浪漫的 (20)considerate考虑周到的，体谅的 (21)old-fashioned 守旧的 (22)confident/self-confident 自信的 (23)imaginative 富想像力的 (24)responsible 负责的 (25)courageous 勇敢的 (26)independent 独立的 (27)demanding 要求多的 (28)individualistic 个人主义的 (29)sensitive敏感的(30)sensible 明智的(31)serious 严肃的 (32)sociable 好交际的 (33)efficient 效率高的，有能力的 (34)energetic 精力旺盛的 (35)loyal 忠诚的 (36)firm 坚定的 (37)flexible 灵活的 (38)modest 谦虚的 (39)thoughtful 考虑周到的 (40)tolerant 宽容的 (41)frank 坦诚的 (42)open-minded 思想开明的 (43)gentle 温文尔雅的 (44)optimistic 乐观的 (45)pessimistic悲观的 (46)idealistic 理想主义的 (47)wise 明智的，聪明的(48)realistic 现实主义的(49)humble谦逊(50)outgoing 爱好交际四.科研创新类1.题型介绍：高考阅读理解的题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )材广泛、体裁多样，其中科研创新类文章是每的必考题，其试题的取材与当前科学技术等方面的发展密切相关。此类文章将知识、科学、人文融为一体。（1）题材特点：科研创新类 ( http: / / 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)读理解和学生的学习生活息息相关，跟学生的情商以及知识储备有很大联系，有时还会结合新闻时事和文化常识（比如西方国家学校生活或者是最新的学校教育相关的新闻报道）进行考查，因而成为高考阅读理解喜欢选择的题材。学生们要多积累相关学校生活以及教育的相关知识，通常出现在阅读理解的AB篇。 考查的题型主要集中在细节题和推断题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，词义推测题和主旨大意也有，且推断题类中主要考查的是对文章中细节知识点的推断。综合而言，这一类的题型在这四个题型出题方面都比较容易出题。主要集中的训练方向：(1)积累教育学习类相关词汇和词组；(2)句子句型分析和长难句句子成分分析的方法回顾；(3)积累教育学习类相关文化背景知识。2.教育学习类词汇： nursery托儿所 kindergarten幼儿园 primary school/elementary school小学 secondary school中学教育 higher education高等教育 further education进修 enroll 入学admit 招收，录取 Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做…… compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育 minors 未成人 immature 不成熟的 learn skills学习技能 acquire knowledge学习知识 enrich knowledge丰富知识 widen horizon开阔视野 inspire interest激发兴趣 stimulate interest激发兴趣 cultivate v. 培养 develop potentials conduce to mental development lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础 lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力 test-oriented education应试型教育 quality education 素质教育 cram for examinations突击考试 stuff 塞 memorize背 rote learning死记硬背 Test-taking techniques应试技巧 discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维 students stop questioning what they are being taught学生们不去质问他们学习的东西 conduce to academic performance有助学习表现 adversely influence 负面地影响（动作） exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对……产生负面影响 creativity 创造性 come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价 lower/raise the standard of... 降低了……的水平3.教育学习类词汇II：academic 学术的assignment 作业accomplishment 成就auditorium 礼堂campus 校园dormitory 宿舍cafeteria 自助餐厅gymnasium 体育馆teaching building 教学楼lecture hall 学术报告厅curriculum 课程dean 院长，系主任tutor 导师teaching assistant 助教associate professor 副教授staff 全体员工monitor 班长alumna 女毕业生junior 少的Senior 长的undergraduate 大学生，本科生postgraduate 研究生master 硕士scholarly 博学的scholarship 奖学金grant 拨款certificate 证书diploma 毕业证书faculty 科，系discipline 学科，纪律elective course 选修课compulsory course 必修课liberal arts 文科science 理科degree 学位enrollment 登记registration 登记注册extra-curricular 课外的、minor 副修科目major 主修科目student union 学生会seminar 讨论会plagiarism 剽窃六.健康医疗类1.题型介绍：健康医疗类是高考阅读常用的题材之一。掌握好解题技巧，适当积累相关的词汇，该类阅读的题目自然会迎刃而解。2.健康医疗类词汇：WHO-World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 Epidemic; Pandemic; Endemic 流行病 Plague 瘟疫 Disease; illness 疾病 Ailment 小病 Bird flu; Avian flu 禽流感 Influenza (flu) 流感 Foot & Mouth Disease 口蹄疫Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病 SARS 非典 Swine flu 猪流感 AIDS 艾滋病 Virus 病毒 bacteria细菌 contagion 传染 symptom 症状 sneeze 打喷嚏 have a temperature/fever 发烧 sore throat 嗓子疼 runny nose 流鼻涕 infection 感染 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙疼 allergy 过敏fatigue 疲劳3.检查和治疗词汇:register 挂号 make a file 建病历 examine 检查 take one's temperature 给...量体温 take blood pressure 量血压 physical inspection 体检 diagnosis 诊断 treat 治疗 cure 治愈 fill teeth 补牙 prescription 处方，药方 fill the prescription 抓药 herb/ herbal medicine 草药 drug 药pill/tablet 药片，药丸 sleeping pill/ tablet 安眠药 drugstore/ chemist's shop 药店 pharmacy 药房 take injection 打针 vaccinate 注射疫苗 operation 手术 surgery 外科手术 be in hospital 住院 go for the admission procedure 办理住院手续七.社会生活类1.题型说明： 社会生活类阅读文章在高考中的出现频率较 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com 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adj.非同寻常的，特别的fiction n．（总称）小说；（一部）小说；虚构的事gallery n． 走廊；（艺术品）陈列馆（室）；画廊glorious adj.光荣的；辉煌的imaginary adj.想象的；虚构的imagination n．想象；想象力imposing adj.壮观的；不凡的interpret v．解释；翻译，口译lifelike adj.逼真的；栩栩如生的masterpiece n．杰作；代表作nonfiction n．非小说类（写实）文学作品opera n．歌剧orchestra n．管弦乐队pattern n．样式；图案，花样；模范，典范photographer n．摄影者photography n．摄影术；摄影poetry n．（总称）诗；诗篇portrait n．肖像，画像precious adj.珍贵的，贵重的publication n．出版，发行；出版物realistic adj.现实的；逼真的reputation n．名誉，荣誉resemble vt．与……相似，像review v．评论，评价rhythm n．节奏，韵律setting n．（小说的）背景；（舞台的）布置stroke n．一笔；笔画subject n．（绘画或拍摄）题材symphony n．交响曲tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向volume n．卷，册；容积5.Phrasesart dealer 画商appeal to 吸引be based on 以……为基础；以……为根据be capable of 有能力做……be distinguished for 以……而著名be similar to 与……相似best seller 畅销书Chinese painting （中国）国画classical literature 文学date from 追溯至define... as 将……定义为deserve such a reputation 值得享有这样的声誉enjoy a high reputation 享有盛誉have the ability to do sth. 有能力做……in honour of 向……表示敬意make comments on 对……评论know sth./sb. to be 知道……是……science fiction 科幻小说the 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Trust ther ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e’s time Have you ever noticed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when you’re in a rush, you make mistakes Like when you’re late for work: You can’t find your jeans, you hurt your toe on the bed by accident and you misplace your phone as you head down the elevator. When we operate from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a place of calm, stuff happens faster. We find what we need. We don’t burn the toast. It can be as simple as sitting up in bed, taking ten deep breaths when you wake up and setting a simple intention for the day (not reaching straight for Instagram and email). 4.Ask yourself this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )How are you spending your days, your life Are you having enough fun Can your got-to-do list be a get-to-do list with some good moods dancing on the page and an air of “I got time!” attached to it Yes, it probably can. Now, what’s first 60. Which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following does the author agree with about “your to-do list” A. Choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day. B. Change “Dentist” into“Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” C. Remind yourself ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you have plenty of time to deal with daily routines. D. Keep asking yourself questions with the air of “I got time!” 61. It can be conc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )luded that the key to getting stuff done and enjoying yourself at the same time is ______. A. a state of mind B. a get-to-do listC. a memory urge D. a place of calm 62. What’s the writing purpose of this passage A. To find out what to do first every day. B. To imagine the good feeling of tasks. C. To explain the importance of lifestyle. D. To discover how to enjoy daily life. 温故知新2021崇明一模A new study ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )suggests the Apple Watch was able to identify abnormal heart rates that could be linked to a serious heart condition. More than 400,000 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Apple Watch users volunteered for the study. It was a project of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Apple, the American technology company, provided money for the study. Results were recently presented at a major conference on heart health in New Orleans, Louisiana. The researchers lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oked for signs of atrial fibrillation, also called “a-fib”, the most common form of irregular heartbeat. Some people with a-fib feel changes in their heartbeat, while others do not. Because of this, many people do not know they have the condition. People with untreated a-fib are about five times more likely to suffer a stroke (中风). In the United States, a-fib causes an estimated 130,000 deaths and 750,000 hospitalizations each year. People taking p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )art in the study wore the Apple Watch for extended periods. The devices contain an app that continuously gathers information without users having to do anything. It uses the watch’s light sensor technology to measure blood flow. The system is designed to identify changes that might show an irregular heartbeat. The researchers said t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat out of those taking part, about 2,000 subjects (实验对象) received a warning from the device that they might have a problem. Those individuals were then asked to contact a doctor, who decided whether they should receive more close watch for a possible irregular heartbeat. Lloyd Minor, head of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Stanford’s School of Medicine, said in a statement that the results show great promise in using technology to create “more predictive and preventive health care”. Doctor Minor added that a-fib is just one example of a condition devices can help identify in the future. “This study opens the door to further research into wearable technologies and how they might be used to prevent disease before it strikes,” he said. But some healt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h researchers warned against making any general judgements based on the Apple-financed study. They have called for much more research to measure the effectiveness of wearable devices to identify signs of disease. Richard Kovacs, who was with the American College of Cardiology and was not involved with the study, told the Associated Press that despite the results, the Apple Watch system “is not perfect.” He noted that since the study did not have a comparison group getting regular ECG measurements, there is no way of knowing if the device missed heartbeat problems. This could give users a false sense of security, he said. Other experts ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) agreed that more studies are needed before similar device-based health observation systems are widely recommended.63. What does the new study mainly find out A. Apple Watch can warn of heart problems. B. Apple Watch can protect people against a-fib. C. Abnormal heart rates can cause a stroke. D. Heart problems can be identified and cured. 64. Apple Watch identifies irregular heartbeats by _____. A. measuring the wearer’s heart rates B. sending information to the wearer through an app C. extending the time of wearing it D. monitoring the wearer’s bloodstream 65. Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) following might be what Lloyd Minor means in his statement A. It’s difficult for doctors to predict and prevent disease now. B. A-fib is just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one example of a condition that causes heart problems. C. Wearable te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chnologies might identify and treat any disease one day. D. There are more p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ossibilities of development in wearable technology. 66. It can be concluded from the passage that _____. A. wearable t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )echnologies are developing fast but shouldn’t be applied to medicine B. the study results a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re inspiring but more proofs are needed to ensure the accuracy C. the study is sponso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red by a commercial company so the results are a little unfair D. device-based health ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) observation systems are convenient and should be widely used2021宝山一模Upon reflection of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the ideal social moral code, within one sentence, it would be: be constructive, not destructive. Though “be constructive, not destructive” sounds sensible, there are many nuances (slight differences). Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive. We can decide i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f something is constructive or destructive based on degree, for instance. Say your preschool son is acting up and broke a glass vase, even after you told him to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thought in your mind to spank him to give a punishment for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confused about whether this would be constructive or destructive. It might show him that not listening to you and breaking things is not welcome, but on the other hand, spanking him is an act of aggression that will hurt him physically and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later in life. There is no exact wrong or right in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. Personally, I would not spank my son, as I think it does more destruction than construction. But, that is just me. Another nuance to co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nsider is the definition we give to construction and destruction. For example, for some people, construction can never involve violence, while for others, it could even be an essential part. Take the example of going back in time and killing Hitler. Killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act. However, in light of the circumstances, I would assume that the majority of people would agree that killing Hitler at the height of his power if they had the chance would be seen as a constructive, thus positive act. Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles. Additionally, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) construction and destruction can be filtered through a sociopolitical lens. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. Take for instance creating new homes in a forested area. Yes, homes for humans are made, but also the habitat for countless animals is being destroyed, or at least altered to an extreme. Construction, if it is true, it should be beneficial to all parties included. That is a tall order, though. Every step we take kills bacteria and other microorganisms—and perhaps plants, insects, and who knows what else. Destruction can be seen as a part of each moment. Plus, what a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive to a minority. Is there a way to determine which side is correct It is almost impossible. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. There have been many instances in history when acts were regarded as constructive, but were later seen as destructive with a modern lens. Though I consider “ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Be constructive, not destructive” the most solid one-sentence social moral code, it is not without its nuances and problems. For instance, the degree to which we consider something constructive or destructive, definitions of being constructive and destructive, and construction and destruction seen through a sociopolitical lens are all nuances. These differences consist of the confusion that this ideal social moral code causes. However, I cannot imagine a better code than the one stated in this essay in terms of living one’s life in a social context. 63.From the aut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hor’s view whether to punish a kid’s wrong doing or not depends on what extent _____. A. it would bring him benefits or harms B. his act is constructive or destructive C. he would modify his destructive behavior D. his destructive result might bring about 64. The author men ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tions the example of killing Hitler to show that _______. A. killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act B. killing Hitler is seen as a constructive and positive act C. the majority of people would agree to kill Hitler D. definitions of social code decide our values and principles 65. What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 4) imply A. Construction and destruction can advance social developments. B. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. C. What a ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )jority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive. D. Being in the majori ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ty in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct. 66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage A. Wrong or Right of Social Moral Code B. Ideal Social Moral Code C. Judgment of Construction or Destruction D. How to Live One’s Life in a Social Context
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进门小练笔2021黄浦一模72.如天公作美，周末我们就去郊游。(permit)73.端午时节吃粽子、赛龙舟是我们的习俗。(It)74.尽管该项目困难重重，但有当地政府和企业的共同努力定能取得进展。(progress)75.园艺使人们得以侍弃花草，通过与大自然的接触得到美的享受，能修身养性。(which)答案72.If the wea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther permits/Weather permitting,we'll go for an outing this weekend.73. It has been/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is our tradition to eat rice dumplings and hold dragon boat races during the Dragon Boat Festival (season).74.Although/Thoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h there are many difficulties,the project is sure to make progress with the joint efforts of the local government and enterprises.75.Gardening allo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws people/individuals to grow flowers and plants and gain enjoyment/appreciate the beauty through contact/a relation with nature,which can promote/promotes physical and mental well-being/cultivate morality and character.课堂导入1.话题导读素材源：CNN（原文有删改） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )VocabularyDirections: Co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mplete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.organisms B. pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eking C. aid D. intriguing E. collide F. actually G composition H. detecting I. definitely J. presence K. quest New way of detecting oxygen on exoplanets could help find lifeThe search fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r oxygen on other planets outside of our solar system, called exoplanets, is thought to be an(a) ______1___ in the search for life outside of Earth. Now, astronomers have developed a new method for detecting oxygen on exoplanets, according to a new study published Monday.The scientists bel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ieve their new method could speed up the ____2____ for life by making it easier to tell if individual exoplanets could host life on their surfaces by _____3_____into their atmospheres.For example, if an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alien species was searching for life outside of their planet, one of the ways they could tell Earth hosted life is because of the____4____ of biosignatures, such as oxygen. Individual____5____ like plants on Earth produce oxygen through photosynthesis.The new meth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )od will rely on ____6_____the strong signal created when oxygen molecules _____7_____in the atmospheres of expoplanets. The method will be used by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, which will be able to peer into the atmospheres of exoplanets and search for this signal. The telescope will launch in 2021 and take a closer look at ____8____exoplanet targets already identified by previous planet-hunting missions such as NASA's Kepler and TESS.This unique signal pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oduced by oxygen molecule collisions could ____9____help astronomers decide if the planet hosts life or not. Once this determination is made, they could quickly move on in the search."Before our work, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) oxygen at similar levels as on Earth was thought to be undetectable with Webb," said Thomas Fauchez, lead study author at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "This oxygen signal is known since the early 1980s from Earth's atmospheric studies but has never been studied for exoplanet research."The collision of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oxygen molecules is key because they block infrared light from the telescope, creating patterns in the spectrum that help determine the ____10_____of the atmosphere. To create their method, the researchers calculated the amount of light expected to be blocked out by the collisions. 【词汇讲解】 detectn.to discover something, usually using special equipment（通常指用特殊设备）探测，检测，测出例：High levels of lead were detected in the atmosphere.经检测发现大气中铅的含量很高。Radar equipm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent is used to detect (= find the position of) enemy aircraft.雷达装置用于探测敌机的位置。signaln. an action, mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vement, or sound that gives information, a message, a warning, or an order信号例：When she gave (them) the signal, they all cheered.她发出信号后，他们都欢呼起来。v. information or tells people what to do发信号；示意例：She signalled for help.她发出了求救信号。She signalle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to the cars behind her that they were going the wrong way.她示意后面的车辆走错了路。3.peerv. to look carefully or with difficulty仔细看，端详；费力地看例：The driver was peer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing into the distance trying to read the road sign.司机费力地看着远方，想要看清路标。identifyv.. to recognize someone ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) or something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is认出，识别例：Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice.就连年龄最小的婴儿也能根据声音分辨出自己的妈妈。identify with sbto feel that you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are similar to someone in some way and that you can understand that person or their situation because of this认同（某人），与（某人）产生共鸣例：Many women of norma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l weight feel unable to identify with the super-thin models in fashion magazines.许多体重正常的女性对时尚杂志中那些超瘦的模特儿无法产生认同感。collide v.(especially of moving objects) to hit something violently（尤指移动的物体）相撞，碰撞例：It was predicted that a comet would collide with one of the planets.预计一颗彗星将与某行星相撞。spectrum n.the set of colour ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s into which a beam of light can be separated, or a range of waves, such as light waves or radio waves光谱；波谱；声谱；频谱例：The colours of the sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ectrum - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet - can be seen in a rainbow.光谱中的红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫诸色都可以在彩虹中见到。n.a range of differen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t positions, opinions, etc. between two extreme points（看法、感觉等的）范围，各层次例：A wide spectrum of opinion was represented at the meeting.会上提出了一系列广泛的意见。questn.a long search ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for something that is difficult to find, or an attempt to achieve something difficult探索；寻求；追求例：Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth.没有什么可以阻止他们对真理的追求。compositionn.the parts, substances, etc. that something is made of成分；构成；结构例：the composition of the atmosphere大气的构成【参考答案】1-5 CKBJA 6-10 HEDFG【答案详解】该题需要一个名词，根据意思是在寻找地球外生命的帮助，所以选择C。该题需要一个名词，根据意思是加速寻找生命，所以选择K。该题需要一个ving,根据意思是窥探大气，所以选择B。该题需要一个名词，且根据意思地球能够容纳生命是空气的存在，所以选择J。该题需要一个名词，且这个名词具体解释例子是植物，所以应该是有机体，所以选择A。该题需要一个ving,根据意思侦探，发现信号，所以选择H。该题需要一个动词复数，根据意思氧气分子相撞，所以选择E，这样他们就可以发现信号。该题需要一个形容词来修饰exoplanet targets，所以选择intriguing,有趣的，迷人的，所以选择D。该题需要一个副词，因为整个句子不缺成分，这个信号可以帮助科学家发现是否这个行星有人，所以选择F。该题需要一个名词，根据意思是决定大气的构造，所以选择G。精讲精练【知识梳理1】【考纲词汇E】eager adj.热切的，渴望的 b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ~ for success / to succeed be anxious for sth / to do eagerness n. 渴望 full of eagerness充满渴望的ear n. turn a deaf ~ to sth, 对。。。充耳不闻 earn vt.赚、挣得~ one’s l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iving = make a living, ~ money =make money, ~ fame赢得名望earnest adj. 认真的；热切的；诚恳的 an ~ student, make an ~ request for helpease n. 休闲；容易 a. with ~ =easily b. at ease安逸，自由自在；舒适(不拘束), vt. 减轻，缓和；使安心 ~ (= relieve) the pain / the traffic economy n. 经济an ~ class 经济舱 adj. economic经济的 ~ policy / crisis economical adj.节约的，节俭的an ~ person一个节俭的人9.educate vt. ~ sb to do, 教育某人做 well-~d people 受过良好教育的人 10.effect n. 效果；结果；影响cause and effect, 因果关系take ~ 开始实施/生效11.efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的an efficient manager. 一个有能力的经理 12.effort n. make an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ~ /make every ~ / make ~s (to do sth), 努力做某事 spare no ~ to do不遗余力的做 13.elaborate adj. 精心制作的an ~ design / plan14.elect vt. be elected president of the United States 15.electric adj. 电的an ~ light / fan / current电流 16.electrical adj.电的；与电有关的 ~ equipment / appliances电器17.elegant adj.（举止、服饰等）优美的，文雅的；（文体、语言等）典雅的 an ~ style of writing18.element n. 元素； a. 元素rare ~s b. 要素, Is money an ~ of happiness 19.elementary adj. 初级的；基本的 an ~ / a primary school, 小学20.embarrass vt. 使局促不安；使为难 find oneself in an ~ing situation 21.embarrassment to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是22.emerge vi. 浮现；（问题等 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）发生；显露 The moon ~d / appeared from behind the cloud. 23.emergency n. 急诊；紧急情况~ exit, 紧急出口 in case of ~在紧急情况下24.emphasis n. 强调；着重put / place / lay ~ on / upon sth, 强调 25.emphasize vt.强调，着重 26.employ vt. 雇用，使用， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )利用 ~ sb as / to do sth, ~ (= use) one’s time better 27.employment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n. 雇佣；受雇 employment opportunity就业机会 empoyer /ee, 雇主、老板；员工 28.empty adj. 空的；无意义 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的；无知的；徒劳的 be ~ of sth 没有…的，缺乏 The street is ~ of traffic. ~ words / promise vt. 使…成为空的~ the house 29.enable vt. 使能够 ~ sb to do sth 30.encourage v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t. ~ sb to do, ~ sb in study 在学习上鼓励某人 n. encouragement 31.end vt. v. end ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up + prep (by / in / with etc) / doing / n / adj / adv 结束；以…而结束；以…告终32.endure vt. 忍受（ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )痛苦、困难） ~ pain / suffering / hardship / cold, ~ doing / to do sth 忍受做某事33.endurance n持久（力）test one’s ~, cold ~, 耐寒性 beyond / past ~ 忍无可忍地34.energy n. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 能量，精力，活力，能源 devote one’s ~ to sth, concentrate / focus (one’s ~) on sth 35.energetic adj.精力充沛的 vt. energize 供给…能量；使有活力36.engage vt. 从事于； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使参加a . be engaged in (doing) sth 忙于做某事 The line is ~d / busy. b. be ~d to sb 和…订婚 n. engagement婚约；约会；37.enhance v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t. 增强,增加 ~ sense of discipline / its strength and competitive ability 38.enlarge vt. 扩大，放大 ~ one’s vocabulary, ~ a photo39.enlargement n.扩大th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ~ of the business / a photo, the ~ of one’s mind 胸襟的开拓40.enough adv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). more than ~ = too much, 绰绰有余，足够而且有余； far from ~, 远远不够 41.enroll vt. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )招（生）~ sb as a member of, ~ new students vi.入学、参加~ in a university42.ensure vt保证、担保 ~ s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th / sb sth / that ~ sb a good night’s sleep, 43.enter for = sign up for an English contest 参加（竞赛，活动等）；报名参加（比赛）44.entrance n. 入口college ~ examination, ~ to the hall 45.entertain v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t. 给…娱乐；使快乐；款待 a. ~ a child with toys ~ sb with delicious food 46.entitle vt. a. 给权 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )力 / 资格 ~ sb to do / to sth b. 冠名, 给称号 a book ~d “Harry Potter”47.envy vt.羡慕；妒忌 ~ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sb sth I ~ you your success / good luck / good health. 48.equal adj.相等的；平等的 vt.等于；比得上be ~ to 等于.A is ~ to B.49.equip vt. a.配备 ~ sth / sb with sth be ~ped with modern machines b.准备 ~ sb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for sth / to do be well ~ped (=prepared) for a new task, equipment n. 设备[u] electrical ~ cf: electrical appliances50.equivalent adj.相等的；相当的；等量的be ~ to =is equal to 相当于；等价于 51.error n. 错误，差错in ~ = by mistake, 错误地by trial and ~反复试验，不断摸索 52.escape vt. 逃避，避免；被忘掉narrowly ~ being punished, 侥幸逃脱惩罚逃跑；逃亡a. a narrow ~九死一生b. an ~ of gas 漏气53.essential ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dj.必要的；实质的 a. be ~ to 对…必要, It’~ that sb should do sth. 54.establish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) vt. ~…as / in 使…确立地位 /名声 Tea has ~ed itself as the national drink. 55. estimate vt. ~ sb / sth at / to be / clause 56.every adj ~ other day = ~ two days = every second day, ~ few days57.evident adj be ~ to sb It’s ~ (to me) that he has no experience in the work. n. evidence 58.evil n. get rid of all social ~s, do ~s, Money is the root of all ~. adj. an ~ man, ~ news59.exact adj. to be ~ = or rather 60.exam n. sit for / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )take an ~ 参加考试 examination = exam college / university entrance ~61.example n. follow one’s ~, set an ~ to sb, without ~ 没有先例62.except prep. except = but, powerless to do anything ~ wait 63.exchange vt. ~ A for B = replace A with B cf: substitute A for B64.excursion n. make / go on / take an ~ to sp 65.excuse vt. ~ sb for doing sth / doing sth n. make an ~66.exercise n. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a. [c] do morning / eye ~s b. [u] take plenty of ~ 锻炼67.exhaust vt. ~ one’s money / patient / strength 68.exist vi. a. Doe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s life ~ on the moon existence n. come into ~ = come into being, in ~ 现存的69.exit n. emergency ~ ant. entrance 70.expand v. a. 扩大 ~ one’s business, ~ further b. 展开 ~ one’s short stories into a novel c. 膨胀 Heat ~s metal. Metal ~s when heated71.expect vt. ~ sb / sth / to do / sb to do sth / that n. expectation contrary to one’s ~ (= what sb ~ed), fall short of / not live up to sb’s ~s 辜负期望72.expense n. spare no ~ 不惜费用, at the ~ (=cost) of one’s health, 73.experience n 经验 ；经历vt. a经历 b. 体验到 ~ hardship / defeat74.experienced adj.经验的 an ~ doctor, be ~ in (doing) sth75.experiment n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). do / make / conduct / perform / carry out an ~ (on sb / in physics)vi. ~ on / with It’s cruel to ~ on animals. ~ with new methods.76.expert adj. be ~ at / in / on sth. n. an ~ in / on / at sth77.explain vt. ~ sth to sb, ~ sth in detail, ~ oneself n. explanation give an ~ for sth78.explode 爆炸vi. The firework ~d. ~ with / in anger大发脾气79.explosive adj.爆炸的 n. explosion 爆炸 ；爆发80.exploit vt. a. 开发 ~ natural resources b. 利用 ~ solar energy c. 剥削the ~ing / ~ed class81.explore vt. ~ the unknown / nature vi. ~ for oil n. exploration 82.export n. an i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mport and ~ firm vt. ~ tea to Europe ant. import sth from 83.expose vt. ~ sb / sth to sth a. be exposed to English for 10 years, ~ sb to danger,84.express n. 快递 se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd goods by ~ vt.表达 ~ / one’s feelings / sympathy, ~ oneself n . expression a. read the ~ on one’ face / in one’s eyes b. new words and ~s 85.extend .vi.(时间/空间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))延伸 ~ eastward as far as the river, The hot weather extended into October n. extension adj. extensive ~ reading 泛读86.extent n.程度，范围， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )长度, within the ~ of human knowledge, to some / what ~87.extinct adj. 灭绝的become ~ = die out 88.extinction n. be threatened with ~89.extreme adj. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a.末端的 the ~ end of the pole b. 极端的 in ~ danger n. go to ~s 走向极端90.eye n. in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the ~ of sb /sth在/从…看来, keep an ~ on 照顾, turn a blind ~ to sth,【知识梳理2】阅读类型：一．科普环保类题型介绍：“人与自然和谐发展”是时代的主题，科普环保的话题也越来越多地出现在试题中。 题材特点： 科普环保类阅读理解是历高考命题的热点，该类文章常涉及以下几个方而：（1）环境保护主要包括减少乱排乱放，不能过度放牧，不能过度开发自然资源，不能破坏生态平衡。（2）生态保护主要包括防止濒危物种灭绝，防止植被破坏以及防止土地退化，特别是防止沙漠化。（3）环保生活方式主要包括节约能源和降低资源消耗，杜绝浪费，崇尚低碳生活方式。（4）人与自然和谐发展解决人类发展过程中与自然界的矛盾，维护生态平衡，为人类创造可持续发展的环境。2.解题策略：结合科普类阅读的题材、结构、语言和设题的特点，我们如何快速有效地对文章进行整体的把握呢？（1）注重日常积累，培养科学思维在日常的学习生活中，增加科普读物的阅读，熟悉科普类文章的语言风格，分析它们的结构脉络，感受作者的写作角度和态度。（2）夯实英语基础，高度决定深度英语阅读绝不是抛开语法谈文章，而是在利用基本 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的语法结构来更好、更恰当地表达作者的想法。在科普类文章中，一定要加强对长难句的分析，例如下面描写智能卡的句子“Smart cards which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis”含有两个定语从句，这就需要有扎实的基本功。只有对句式有着高度的把握，才会对文意有更深程度的领会。同时也要熟悉一些基本的应用构词法，这样在猜词时会受益颇深。二.广告海报类1.题材特点和命题规律 广告海报类文章不仅是平时阅读的“常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )客”，在历的高考试题中也可以见到它灵活多变的“倩影”，了解此类试题的命题特点和解题策略，对于考生提高高考阅读理解能力十分重要。 此类文章语言简练、准确严谨；文章短小精悍 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，但隐含的信息量并不少，有很强的实用性；段落层次相对比较分明，题目精炼醒目：文章条理清晰，常用粗体字、斜体字或多种符号，使文章结构紧凑、明显；设问顺序一般按照文章段落的顺序，设问形式以细节题为主，兼有推断题、词扩推测题及作者写作意图题等。这类文章主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息的能力，包括对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合以及推理判断，题目设置相对容易。2.解题策略： 广告海报类文章主要是为了向读者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )传输信息，所以在阅读这类文章时特别要注意细节信息。 做题时，第一步，浏览标题、斜体、大写、黑体字、插图等，了解文章结构及人概内容。遇到生词或读不懂的地方，可以暂时忽略。第二步，阅读试题中的问题，带着问题或题干中的关键词到相关段落寻找对应的关键词、关键句，仔细分析，做出正确的选择。遇到考查推理判断、作者写作意图的题，要特别注意首段和末段作者传递的信息以及文章中捕述的每个细节，经过分析、对比、综合考虑，选出正确选项。三.人物故事类1.题型介绍：近来人物类文章在高考阅读理解中所占的比例有所减少，但仍是高考常考的文体之一。文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )部分篇章都是作者在描述事件，较少加入自己的观点或评论。所选的人物都是非常具有特点的，这些人物往往具有独特的品质或经历，值得人们学习或从中吸取教训。2.Vocabulary：(1)adventurous 有冒险精神的 (2)aggressive 有进取心的，攻击性的 (3)rebellious 叛逆的 (4)calm冷静的 (5)passionate/enthusiastic 热情的 (6)generous 慷慨的(7)tricky 狡猾的 (8)honest/sincere 诚挚的 (9)religious 虔诚的 (10)critical 挑剔的 (11)spoiled 被惯坏的 (12)easy-going 随和的 (13)moody/emotional 情绪化的 (14)ill-tempered 坏脾气的 (15)innocent 幼稚的，不懂事的 (16)childish 孩子气的，幼稚的 (17)selfless 无私的 (18)shallow 浅薄的 (19)romantic 浪漫的 (20)considerate考虑周到的，体谅的 (21)old-fashioned 守旧的 (22)confident/self-confident 自信的 (23)imaginative 富想像力的 (24)responsible 负责的 (25)courageous 勇敢的 (26)independent 独立的 (27)demanding 要求多的 (28)individualistic 个人主义的 (29)sensitive敏感的(30)sensible 明智的(31)serious 严肃的 (32)sociable 好交际的 (33)efficient 效率高的，有能力的 (34)energetic 精力旺盛的 (35)loyal 忠诚的 (36)firm 坚定的 (37)flexible 灵活的 (38)modest 谦虚的 (39)thoughtful 考虑周到的 (40)tolerant 宽容的 (41)frank 坦诚的 (42)open-minded 思想开明的 (43)gentle 温文尔雅的 (44)optimistic 乐观的 (45)pessimistic悲观的 (46)idealistic 理想主义的 (47)wise 明智的，聪明的(48)realistic 现实主义的(49)humble谦逊(50)outgoing 爱好交际四.科研创新类1.题型介绍：高考阅读理解的题材 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )广泛、体裁多样，其中科研创新类文章是每的必考题，其试题的取材与当前科学技术等方面的发展密切相关。此类文章将知识、科学、人文融为一体。（1）题材特点：科研创新类阅读通常讲 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )述一个科学道理，介绍一项新的发现或最新研究成果，文章通常显得陌生、抽象和复杂。所选用的篇章虽然可能是学生不熟悉的话题，但同时确实基于日前生活现实。（2）语篇结构。正如严密的科学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )思想样，科研创新类阅读的语篇结构严谨、逻辑性强。这种解释类说明体裁与叙事类文章大不相同，它围绕着明确的主题，以严谨的逻辑结构展开，层次分明、段落清晰。从段落上，一般由导语(introduction)，背景(background)，主体(mainbody)和结尾(ending)四部分构成。主题句通常在句首或句尾。内容上一般由who（谁的研究），when（什么时候做的研究），why（为什么研究该内容），what（研究了什么），how（这项研究的原理）和where（目前研究的现状，即：研究到什么地步或有什么样的意义）等组成。2.Vocabulary: graph n. 图表，图解 navigation n. 航行，导航 dimension n.方面，纬，长(或宽，厚)等 vanish vi. 消失，突然间消失 digital a. 数字的，数字显示的 optical a.光的，眼的 universal a.普遍的，全体的;通用的，万能的 solar a.太阳能的 mechanical a. 机械的 precise a. 精确的 logical a. 逻辑的 psychological a. 心理的，心理学的 phenomenon n. 现象，迹象 bacteria n. 细菌 element n. 元素elementary a. 基本的，初步的 biology n. 生物学，生态学 evolution n.演变，进化 mathematics n. 算术 statistic n.统计数值，统计资料 vitamin n. 维生素 protein n. 蛋白质 oxygen n. 氧，氧气 carbon n. 碳五.教育学习类1.题型说明：教育学习类阅读理解和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生的学习生活息息相关，跟学生的情商以及知识储备有很大联系，有时还会结合新闻时事和文化常识（比如西方国家学校生活或者是最新的学校教育相关的新闻报道）进行考查，因而成为高考阅读理解喜欢选择的题材。学生们要多积累相关学校生活以及教育的相关知识，通常出现在阅读理解的AB篇。 考查的题型主要集中在细节题和推断 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题，词义推测题和主旨大意也有，且推断题类中主要考查的是对文章中细节知识点的推断。综合而言，这一类的题型在这四个题型出题方面都比较容易出题。主要集中的训练方向：(1)积累教育学习类相关词汇和词组；(2)句子句型分析和长难句句子成分分析的方法回顾；(3)积累教育学习类相关文化背景知识。2.教育学习类词汇： nursery托儿所 kindergarten幼儿园 primary school/elementary school小学 secondary school中学教育 higher education高等教育 further education进修 enroll 入学admit 招收，录取 Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做…… compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育 minors 未成人 immature 不成熟的 learn skills学习技能 acquire knowledge学习知识 enrich knowledge丰富知识 widen horizon开阔视野 inspire interest激发兴趣 stimulate interest激发兴趣 cultivate v. 培养 develop potentials conduce to mental development lay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的基础 lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力 test-oriented education应试型教育 quality education 素质教育 cram for examinations突击考试 stuff 塞 memorize背 rote learning死记硬背 Test-taking techniques应试技巧 discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维 students stop questioning what they are being taught学生们不去质问他们学习的东西 conduce to academic performance有助学习表现 adversely influence 负面地影响（动作） exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对……产生负面影响 creativity 创造性 come at the expense/cost of creativity以牺牲创造力为代价 lower/raise the standard of... 降低了……的水平3.教育学习类词汇II：academic 学术的assignment 作业accomplishment 成就auditorium 礼堂campus 校园dormitory 宿舍cafeteria 自助餐厅gymnasium 体育馆teaching building 教学楼lecture hall 学术报告厅curriculum 课程dean 院长，系主任tutor 导师teaching assistant 助教associate professor 副教授staff 全体员工monitor 班长alumna 女毕业生junior 少的Senior 长的undergraduate 大学生，本科生postgraduate 研究生master 硕士scholarly 博学的scholarship 奖学金grant 拨款certificate 证书diploma 毕业证书faculty 科，系discipline 学科，纪律elective course 选修课compulsory course 必修课liberal arts 文科science 理科degree 学位enrollment 登记registration 登记注册extra-curricular 课外的、minor 副修科目major 主修科目student union 学生会seminar 讨论会plagiarism 剽窃六.健康医疗类1.题型介绍：健康医疗类是高考阅读常用的题材之一。掌握好解题技巧，适当积累相关的词汇，该类阅读的题目自然会迎刃而解。2.健康医疗类词汇：WHO-World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 Epidemic; Pandemic; Endemic 流行病 Plague 瘟疫 Disease; illness 疾病 Ailment 小病 Bird flu; Avian flu 禽流感 Influenza (flu) 流感 Foot & Mouth Disease 口蹄疫Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病 SARS 非典 Swine flu 猪流感 AIDS 艾滋病 Virus 病毒 bacteria细菌 contagion 传染 symptom 症状 sneeze 打喷嚏 have a temperature/fever 发烧 sore throat 嗓子疼 runny nose 流鼻涕 infection 感染 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙疼 allergy 过敏fatigue 疲劳3.检查和治疗词汇:register 挂号 make a file 建病历 examine 检查 take one's temperature 给...量体温 take blood pressure 量血压 physical inspection 体检 diagnosis 诊断 treat 治疗 cure 治愈 fill teeth 补牙 prescription 处方，药方 fill the prescription 抓药 herb/ herbal medicine 草药 drug 药pill/tablet 药片，药丸 sleeping pill/ tablet 安眠药 drugstore/ chemist's shop 药店 pharmacy 药房 take injection 打针 vaccinate 注射疫苗 operation 手术 surgery 外科手术 be in hospital 住院 go for the admission procedure 办理住院手续七.社会生活类1.题型说明： 社会生活类阅读文章在高考中的出现频率较高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的社会万象、生活经历、饮食、饮食与健康、休闲与娱乐、旅游、生态旅游、服装、住房等等内容。这类文章同学们读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来也比较得心应手。在高考阅读理解题中，这类文章属搭配类材料，所以，它的命题多数属于中低等难度的送分题，如事实细节题、计算题、识图题等。遇到这类文章时，我们一定要抓住得分机遇，尽量不要失分。2.答题方法： 读这类文章要特别注意做好事实 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )细节题。对于细节试题，同学们要先从题干中找到关键性词语，然后采用略读或跳读，快速在文章中寻找相关细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，细心比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。八.文化艺术类1.题型介绍：文化艺术类是高考阅读经常选用的题材。语言是文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )化的重要载体，“增强对国外文化，特别是英语国家文化的理解”是英语学习的主要目标之一，因此文化艺术类阅读是历来高考阅读理解的主要选材方向之一。2.题材特点：文化艺术类文章取材广泛、内容丰富。高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )选材时往往以中西文化差异为重点，以社交礼仪、语言学习、生活习惯、人生观、价值观、世界观等为主题；以议论文、记叙文居多，一般一篇文章有一个主题。3.解题策略：(1)在平时的阅读中大家要有意识地扩展文化背景知识，加入课外阅读，强化泛读训练，尽可能通过大量阅读了解英语司家的风土人情。(2)关注生活、关注社会和世界热点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问题，多阅读一些反映社会文化现象问题的文章，并在阅读中不断积累一些相关的常用词汇，不断扩大自己的词汇量，减少阅读障碍。4.文化艺术类词汇:abstract adj.抽象的 n．摘要，梗概anniversary n．周纪念日 adj.周的；每的artificial adj.人工的，人造的；仿真的compose v．组成，构成；创作（乐曲、诗歌等）conductor n．（乐队、合唱队等的）指 挥；售票员；列车员critic n．批评家，评论家criticize v．批评，批判；指责，非难define vt．给……下定义display n.&v. 显示extraordinary adj.非同寻常的，特别的fiction n．（总称）小说；（一部）小说；虚构的事gallery n． 走廊；（艺术品）陈列馆（室）；画廊glorious adj.光荣的；辉煌的imaginary adj.想象的；虚构的imagination n．想象；想象力imposing adj.壮观的；不凡的interpret v．解释；翻译，口译lifelike adj.逼真的；栩栩如生的masterpiece n．杰作；代表作nonfiction n．非小说类（写实）文学作品opera n．歌剧orchestra n．管弦乐队pattern n．样式；图案，花样；模范，典范photographer n．摄影者photography n．摄影术；摄影poetry n．（总称）诗；诗篇portrait n．肖像，画像precious adj.珍贵的，贵重的publication n．出版，发行；出版物realistic adj.现实的；逼真的reputation n．名誉，荣誉resemble vt．与……相似，像review v．评论，评价rhythm n．节奏，韵律setting n．（小说的）背景；（舞台的）布置stroke n．一笔；笔画subject n．（绘画或拍摄）题材symphony n．交响曲tendency n．趋势，趋向；倾向volume n．卷，册；容积5.Phrasesart dealer 画商appeal to 吸引be based on 以……为基础；以……为根据be capable of 有能力做……be distinguished for 以……而著名be similar to 与……相似best seller 畅销书Chinese painting （中国）国画classical literature 文学date from 追溯至define... as 将……定义为deserve such a reputation 值得享有这样的声誉enjoy a high reputation 享有盛誉have the ability to do sth. 有能力做……in honour of 向……表示敬意make comments on 对……评论know sth./sb. to be 知道……是……science fiction 科幻小说the complete works (of) 全集the origin of arts 艺术的起源当堂检测2021黄浦一模Sometimes when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she felt bored, she would pick up one of the numerous biographies(传记) about herself and begin to note on it."I never did that" or "simply not true" she would write roughly in the margins at the sides of pages. Since journalists, biographers and more recently even “bloggers” had been writing about her since the day she was born, there was plenty of material to edit. Not that her notes or corrections were ever shared with the authors. Lately, however, she even seemed to have lost her appetite for correctness. Did it matter anymore if things were not right She knew that si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tting alone chewing away on downbeat thoughts would not get her anywhere and would leave those around her confused and upset,should they ever catch her out. After all she was the decisive one, always on top of her game. A printed timetable for the following day lay on the table.A full day of openings and presentations,of smiling and nodding and flowers.Shaking herself ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out of her gray mood, she stepped over towards the computer where a sudden burst of energy gave her an idea. The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph had considered she needed to read, she simply went to visit Mr.Google and began her search for train timetable.A dish heaped wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h multicolored jellies and plenty of ice cream, served by a white-gloved train waiter with a perfect moustache. So many years had passed but she still remembered the jelly dissolving on her tongue in small but delicious mouthfuls. Each spoonful had to be lifted delicately to her mouth under the watchful eye of her grandmother, who was 'a stickler for good manners. It was unlikely that they served jelly on the trains these days,what with all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the concern about childhood fatness, but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey. As the timetable for Linehurst line flashed in front of her, she remembered that the Mayor of Alwoy would be expecting her to make a short,predictable speech at the opening of the new bridge.56. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage A. The main charact ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er is probably a journalist writing blogs about royal members.B. The main character ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is always busy editing plenty of material about herself.C. The authors pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )obably had chances to get the notes or correctness from the main character.D. Randolph i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s probably an assistant or a secretary to the main character.57.Why does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )main character recall the time she ate jellies and ice cream A. She wishes that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she were still a child so that she could eat jellies and ice cream.B. She is reminded o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f these foods because the thought of a train journey reminds her of them.C. She wishes she still knew where the handsome train waiter was.D. Today's childr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en aren't allowed to eat the same things that she ate as a child.58.A "Spartan menu" (paragraph 4) would most likely______.A. have mainly low fat, healthy foodsB. be suitable for a romantic dinnerC. include a range of sweets, but no jellyD. include foods which are easy to transport59.What is most likely to happen next in this passage A. The main character ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will practice her speech for greeting the Mayor of Alwoy.B. The main character will decide to take a rail journey.C. Randolph will send some emails to the main character.D. The main character will update her blog on the internet.答案56-59 DBAB 2021宝山一模Ever look at your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to-do list and want to run and hide Me too. But life is more than working hard to finish tasks, collapsing into bed, judging the past 24 hours and our success by how much we've managed to tick off. So here’s how to get stuff done and enjoy yourself at the same time. 1.Rename it My frie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd Jim Kwi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k says, “Call your ‘got-to-do’ list your ‘get to-do’ list.” It’s a tiny change but a major shift. Think about it. You get to walk your dog, choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day that affords you the life you have.2.Add some act ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion Instead of writing plain reminders down as memory urges, like “Dentist” and “Report,” add some verbs and result-based benefits, like “Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” or “Complete report and let out your breath.” Imagine the good feeling attached to each agenda item and let it fuel you.3. Trust there’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s time Have you ever n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oticed when you’re in a rush, you make mistakes Like when you’re late for work: You can’t find your jeans, you hurt your toe on the bed by accident and you misplace your phone as you head down the elevator. When we operate f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom a place of calm, stuff happens faster. We find what we need. We don’t burn the toast. It can be as simple as sitting up in bed, taking ten deep breaths when you wake up and setting a simple intention for the day (not reaching straight for Instagram and email). 4.Ask yoursel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f this How are you spending your days, your life Are you having enough fun Can your got-to-do list be a get-to-do list with some good moods dancing on the page and an air of “I got time!” attached to it Yes, it probably can. Now, what’s first 60. Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing does the author agree with about “your to-do list” A. Choose wonderful dinner ingredients and go to a job each day. B. Change “Dentist” into“Book dentist and get teeth sparkly white!” C. Remind yourself y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou have plenty of time to deal with daily routines. D. Keep asking yourself questions with the air of “I got time!” 61. It can be c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oncluded that the key to getting stuff done and enjoying yourself at the same time is ______. A. a state of mind B. a get-to-do listC. a memory urge D. a place of calm 62. What’s the writing purpose of this passage A. To find out what to do first every day. B. To imagine the good feeling of tasks. C. To explain the importance of lifestyle. D. To discover how to enjoy daily life. 答案60-62 BAD温故知新2021崇明一模A new study s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uggests the Apple Watch was able to identify abnormal heart rates that could be linked to a serious heart condition. More than 400,000 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Apple Watch users volunteered for the study. It was a project of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Apple, the American technology company, provided money for the study. Results were recently presented at a major conference on heart health in New Orleans, Louisiana. The researche ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs looked for signs of atrial fibrillation, also called “a-fib”, the most common form of irregular heartbeat. Some people with a-fib feel changes in their heartbeat, while others do not. Because of this, many people do not know they have the condition. People with untreated a-fib are about five times more likely to suffer a stroke (中风). In the United States, a-fib causes an estimated 130,000 deaths and 750,000 hospitalizations each year. People taking pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rt in the study wore the Apple Watch for extended periods. The devices contain an app that continuously gathers information without users having to do anything. It uses the watch’s light sensor technology to measure blood flow. The system is designed to identify changes that might show an irregular heartbeat. The researchers said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that out of those taking part, about 2,000 subjects (实验对象) received a warning from the device that they might have a problem. Those individuals were then asked to contact a doctor, who decided whether they should receive more close watch for a possible irregular heartbeat. Lloyd Minor, hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d of Stanford’s School of Medicine, said in a statement that the results show great promise in using technology to create “more predictive and preventive health care”. Doctor Minor added that a-fib is just one example of a condition devices can help identify in the future. “This study opens the door to further research into wearable technologies and how they might be used to prevent disease before it strikes,” he said. But some health ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) researchers warned against making any general judgements based on the Apple-financed study. They have called for much more research to measure the effectiveness of wearable devices to identify signs of disease. Richard Kovacs, who was with the American College of Cardiology and was not involved with the study, told the Associated Press that despite the results, the Apple Watch system “is not perfect.” He noted that since the study did not have a comparison group getting regular ECG measurements, there is no way of knowing if the device missed heartbeat problems. This could give users a false sense of security, he said. Other experts agreed t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat more studies are needed before similar device-based health observation systems are widely recommended.63. What does the new study mainly find out A. Apple Watch can warn of heart problems. B. Apple Watch can protect people against a-fib. C. Abnormal heart rates can cause a stroke. D. Heart problems can be identified and cured. 64. Apple Watch identifies irregular heartbeats by _____. A. measuring the wearer’s heart rates B. sending information to the wearer through an app C. extending the time of wearing it D. monitoring the wearer’s bloodstream 65. Which of the foll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owing might be what Lloyd Minor means in his statement A. It’s difficult for doctors to predict and prevent disease now. B. A-fib is just one e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xample of a condition that causes heart problems. C. Wearable technol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ogies might identify and treat any disease one day. D. There are more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) possibilities of development in wearable technology. 66. It can be concluded from the passage that _____. A. wearable techno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )logies are developing fast but shouldn’t be applied to medicine B. the study result ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are inspiring but more proofs are needed to ensure the accuracy C. the study is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sponsored by a commercial company so the results are a little unfair D. device-based heal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th observation systems are convenient and should be widely used答案63. A 64. D 65. D 66. B2021宝山一模Upon reflecti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on of the ideal social moral code, within one sentence, it would be: be constructive, not destructive. Though “be constructive, not destructive” sounds sensible, there are many nuances (slight differences). Sometimes it is difficult to determine if an act is exactly constructive or destructive. We can decide if some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thing is constructive or destructive based on degree, for instance. Say your preschool son is acting up and broke a glass vase, even after you told him to stop grabbing and playing with it several times. You get a thought in your mind to spank him to give a punishment for his naughty action. However, you start to feel confused about whether this would be constructive or destructive. It might show him that not listening to you and breaking things is not welcome, but on the other hand, spanking him is an act of aggression that will hurt him physically and perhaps teach him to use force in situations later in life. There is no exact wrong or right in these moments. However, through your own reasoning, you can decide to what degree it would be beneficial or harmful to him and the situation at hand. Personally, I would not spank my son, as I think it does more destruction than construction. But, that is just me. Another nuanc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to consider is the definition we give to construction and destruction. For example, for some people, construction can never involve violence, while for others, it could even be an essential part. Take the example of going back in time and killing Hitler. Killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act. However, in light of the circumstances, I would assume that the majority of people would agree that killing Hitler at the height of his power if they had the chance would be seen as a constructive, thus positive act. Therefore, our definitions often determine our values and how we behave upon those principles. Additionally, construc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion and destruction can be filtered through a sociopolitical lens. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. Take for instance creating new homes in a forested area. Yes, homes for humans are made, but also the habitat for countless animals is being destroyed, or at least altered to an extreme. Construction, if it is true, it should be beneficial to all parties included. That is a tall order, though. Every step we take kills bacteria and other microorganisms—and perhaps plants, insects, and who knows what else. Destruction can be seen as a part of each moment. Plus, what a majority might regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive to a minority. Is there a way to determine which side is correct It is almost impossible. Being in the majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct, or more appropriate. There have been many instances in history when acts were regarded as constructive, but were later seen as destructive with a modern lens. Though I consid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er “Be constructive, not destructive” the most solid one-sentence social moral code, it is not without its nuances and problems. For instance, the degree to which we consider something constructive or destructive, definitions of being constructive and destructive, and construction and destruction seen through a sociopolitical lens are all nuances. These differences consist of the confusion that this ideal social moral code causes. However, I cannot imagine a better code than the one stated in this essay in terms of living one’s life in a social context. 63.From the author’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s view whether to punish a kid’s wrong doing or not depends on what extent _____. A. it would bring him benefits or harms B. his act is constructive or destructive C. he would modify his destructive behavior D. his destructive result might bring about 64. The author ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mentions the example of killing Hitler to show that _______. A. killing someone is definitely termed a destructive act B. killing Hitler is seen as a constructive and positive act C. the majority of people would agree to kill Hitler D. definitions of social code decide our values and principles 65. What does the underlined sentence (paragraph 4) imply A. Construction and destruction can advance social developments. B. Construction can be seen as good to some, and bad to others. C. What a majority m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight regard as a constructive might be seen as destructive. D. Being in th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e majority in terms of a moral outlook does not mean it is correct. 66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage A. Wrong or Right of Social Moral Code B. Ideal Social Moral Code C. Judgment of Construction or Destruction D. How to Live One’s Life in a Social Context 答案63-66 ADDB
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