中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第8讲 词汇H+记叙文+图片图表作文 学生版
教学内容
进门小练笔021崇明一模A. But these beasts ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are mainly made of plastic tubes.B. Jansen’s designs also work with heavier structures.C. Kinetic (运动的) art isn’t just about making large sculptures move.D. His “Strandbeests” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )walk along the coastline of Holland, feeding on wind and fleeing from water.E. These moving s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )culptures aren’t that common, especially since it takes a lot of time to plan and build them.F. His hope is that one day he will create groups of beasts that can “live” on the beaches and survive without human interaction.Sculpture with a Life of Its Own There is a new t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ype of animal that has been walking along the beaches since the 1990s. They are called Strandbeest, which is Dutch for beach beast. _______67_______ They are creations of Dutch artist Theo Jansen, and they can move themselves using nothing more than the power of the wind. Jansen has even created a way for his beasts to “eat” the air, and store its power by pressurizing bottles. This stored power also allows the sculptures to detect when they have entered the water and change their direction. He has even devised a method for them to stop themselves in the sand if a storm is approaching! The beauty of these ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )creations is that they have no electronic parts, yet they have a basic logic system that helps them walk in their habitat. Jansen’s creations look alive as they move with a steady, even motion on the hard sand. Every year, he improves his designs. ________68________ Jansen’s kinetic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sculptures use an innovative design to transform simple motions into amazing works of art. The Strandbeests have a mechanical linkage that creates a walking motion using triangles (三角形物体). The sculptures are large but have a delicate appearance. The fascinating combinations of thin tubes and fine fin-like (像鳍一样的) sails moving in the breeze create a striking image. One could easily believe they are some sort of strange lifeform walking along the beach. _______69________ He created a beast, named Animaris Rhinoceros Lignatus, which was made out of wood and weighed 250 kilograms. ________70________ There are many artists that use motion to create spectacular visual effects. Some are large pieces, but many can sit on a desk or hang on a wall. However, they all have one thing in common: you can’t appreciate their artistry until you see them move. Jansen also sells mini versions of some of his beasts. They come in boxes that you can assemble without any special tools. You, too, can try your hand at creating kinetic art! 课堂导入素材源：global times（原文有删改)http://21世纪教育网/content/1158135.shtml ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) VocabularyDirections: Complet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.charging B. sole ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) C. diagnosed D. exception, E .dispute F. harsher G. previously H. privileges I. violate J. inevitably K. accordance A Serbian man who beat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up a taxi driver in Chengdu, Southwest China's Sichuan Province, has been detained in ______1___with the law, local police said on Tuesday. Marko, 30, punch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed a taxi driver surnamed Yang after a ____2____ over taxi fees at midnight on July 8. The two had a dispute after they arrived at the destina2tion. Yang insisted on ___3___an extra 30 yuan, 50 percent of the taxi fee, as a fankongfei, or returning fee, and Marko refused to pay it.Taxi drivers in som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Chinese cities charge fankongfei for long-distance journeys or for destinations in remote regions. Yang told the media t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat Marko had ____4____ agreed to pay it. Yang also said that Marko smelled of alcohol.Yang, who is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) still in hospital, was ___5____ with multiple fractures on his face, such as a nasal bone fracture, said the Chengdu-based outlet Red Star News.Yang said to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he media that he is the____6____ breadwinner in his family and that he will seek compensation. Foreign pass ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )engers are friendly and nice, but Marko is an(a) ____7____ Yang said to the media. The case in Chengdu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )came amid discussions about whether foreigners get too many ___8____in China. Some have complained that foreigners are given lighter punishments and more leniency for law-breaking behavior. For instance, an inter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )national student in Fuzhou, Fujian Province pushed a police officer who stopped him on the street for illegally carrying a person on an electric scooter. The student was released after being criticized, but many net users argued that he deserved a ___9___ punishment for his behavior. "Foreigners in China m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust abide by China's laws, and those who____10____China's laws will be investigated for administrative and criminal legal responsibility. Anyone who causes personal damage to others or property damage shall bear civil liability," the Pidu police said on Weibo. 【词汇讲解】 disputen.an argument or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border（尤指劳资双方或相邻两国之间的）争执，争端，纠纷例：a bitter/long-running dispute激烈／长期的争执violatev.to break or act ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect违反，违背，违犯（尤指法律、协议、原则等）例：They were charged with violating federal law.他们被控违犯了联邦法律。fracturen.a break or crack in something hard, especially a bone（硬物的）断裂；骨折例：He suffered/sustained multiple fractures in a motorcycle accident.他在一起摩托车事故中多处骨折。compensationn.something that ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kes you feel better when you have suffered something bad补偿（物）；赔偿（物）例：I have to spend thre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e months of the year away from home - but there are compensations like the chance to meet new people.我一年必得有3个月的时间出门在外——但也有好处，比如有机会认识人。breadwinnern.the member of a family who earns the money that the family needs养家糊口的人例：Men are often expected to be the breadwinner in a family.人们常常寄希望于男人养家糊口。leniency n.宽大，仁慈例：The judge rejected ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pleas for leniency and sentenced him to six months in prison法官驳回了宽大处理的请求，判处他6个月的监禁。liabilityn.the fact that someone is legally responsible for something（法律上对某事物的）责任，义务例：He denies any liability for the damage caused.他对造成的损失拒绝承担任何责任。outletn.a shop that is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one of many owned by a particular company and that sells the goods that the company has produced零售网点；经销点；专卖店例：a fast-food outlet快餐店a retail outlet零售店精讲精练知识点一（词汇H）【知识梳理】H字母重难点梳理以及翻译配套habit n form / cultivate / acquire the ~ of 养成..的习惯.hand vt ~ in 上交 ~ out 分发,handle vt ~ / deal with hang v ~ round / about闲荡,~ up ant. hold on / the lineharm vt ~ sb / th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e relations between, n. There is no ~ in doing sth. harvest n A timely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )snow promises a good ~. 瑞雪兆丰. vt. ~ / get in the cropshate vt ~ to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) delayed / being delayed. n hatred have a ~ for sbhave vt ~ difficulty in doing , ~ sth done, have sb doing让某人一直做某事head n hold one’s ~ high vi. ~ for 前往health n drink to one’s ~, build up one’s ~ heap n a heap of = heaps of 许多hear vt. hear about / of, ~ from sb, hear sb / sth doing / do heart n. lose ~,from the bottom of one’s ~, heat vt a ~ed argument 激烈的讨论help v. help sb out 帮助某人克服困难helpful adj. be help in doing sth. 在…是有用的hesitate vi. ~ to do sth hesitation n. without ~hide v. ~ / conceal sth from sbhigh adj. sing ~ praise for 高度称赞 cf: highly speak / think ~ of highlight vt. 突出, 强调 facts that ~ the need for changehire n. bicycles on / for ~historical adj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )~ people and events 历史的 cf: historic 历史上有重要意义的 a ~ city hit vt ~ sb ( on the head / in the stomach ) hobby n. take up / develop / follow a hobbyhold v. hold back 阻挡/抑制honest adj be ~ (with you) n. honesty .honour n in ~ of, it is an honor to do sth.hope n. There’s no ~ of (doing) sth 没有希望做horizon n. a. 地平线above / below the ~ b. broaden one’s ~s / views host vt ~ the Olympic Gameshumble adj. (地位等)低下, 卑贱的 a man of ~ birth 出身卑微的人humour nin a good ~ / mood / temper hunger adj. hungry go ~, be ~ for / after knowledge 渴望得到…hunt vi go ~ing, ~ for a job 寻找工作hurry n. v. hurry to do, hurry up, in a hurryhurt vi My foot still ~s. vt.. ~ one’s feelings 伤…感情知识点二（记叙文讲解）记叙文是一种比较常见的写作文体，以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )记人叙事为主，记叙人物的经历或事物/ 事件发生、发展、变化的过程。材料常涉及社会生活现象、人物或自然景物。无论记人还是叙事都要通过叙述、描写来加以表达，把人物的经历或行为、发生的事情/事件用一定的顺序和语言技巧叙述出来。在叙述过程中“人以事显，事由人生”，人和事是密不可分的。在一篇记叙文中记人、写景、叙事往往是交织在一起的，不能简单地分裂开。近高考记叙文很少考察，但是还得掌握基本思路。【写作结构指导】1.结构完整，内容清楚一篇记叙文无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，因此在下笔时必须明确该从何处开始叙述，何处结束叙述以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。2.中心突出，详略得当明确写作目的和叙述的中心思 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想，避免空洞的叙述或与主题无关的内容，文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题展幵进行。叙述时必须繁简疏密相间，突出主题的内容要加以详细具体的描写，这样有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件有个深刻的印象，而对过渡性的内容作简短的交代即可。3.脉络/主线清晰，语言灵活生动一篇好的记叙文需要直接或间接表达以下六 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个要素：事件发生的时间、地点、人物角色、原因、过程和结果（when，where, who, why, what, how)。写作顺序可以采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法，但初学者最好采用“顺叙”的方法进行训练，以情节发生时间的先后为序。为了使叙述生动，具有吸引力，必 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )须注意词汇运用得恰当、通顺、简洁和准确，时态、人称要一致，注重上下文的相关性、连续性，以及与表达内容的一致性。【常用句型】1.Vivid memories come flooding back to ... when I was ...2.If my memory serves me right, it happened on.3.In terms of app ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earance, he is of medium build, with small and bright eyes.4.He/She always wears ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a friendly smile on his/her face, which makes him/her pretty approachable.5.It is he who enl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ightens my mind ； it is he who taps my potential in....it is hewho encourages/supports me when I lose confidence.6. Life is no plain sailing, nor is learning.7. It was in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )model test that I failed, which poured cold water on my ambitious as the final examination was just around the corner.8.So discouraged was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I when I got my low-scored test paper that I burst into tears.9. God helps those who help themselves.10. On no account should we lose confidence in ourselves.11. I will always beg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in my day with a confident smile and steer my ship with hope.12. Life is like a f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ascinating voyage on the ocean, where huge waves and horrible storms always go hand in hand.13. …while the dorm wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s absolutely far from satisfactory in terms of comfort and convenience.14. It always bring ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s me up when I am in difficulties, ringing clearly deep in my mind like a wind bell in a gentle breeze.15….is drawing near. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t suddenly occurs to me that it is high that I did….【例文精讲】描述你在学校的一次难忘的活动。具体要求如下:1.详细描述活动的情況；2.简要表述你在活动中的感受。命题解读：1.记叙事件2.描写感受结构点评 例文语言点评引言段：开门见山点出记叙文的核心要素时间、地点、人物和事件中心段：作者用第一人称，以时间（黑体画 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )线处)为顺序完整具体地叙述了事件的过程，同时穿插了动作和心理描写(斜体黑体部分），画龙点睛式地表达了作者的感受，突出了主题结束段：回归主题，突出重点Thursday, Dece ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mber 27 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th, 2012, was the most unforgettable day in Senior Three for me. It was the first time, as well as the last time that I had performed on the stage of our school at the closing ceremony of the School Art Festival.As scheduled, the ce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )remony began at 7 o’clock that evening and everyone felt excited, awaiting the wonderful performances. In fact, the performances were undoubtedly sensationally terrific, but I just couldn’t be fully absorbed in them. I was a bit nervous. At the summon of the teacher, nearly 200 Senior Three students, including me, went to the back of the stage to prepare for our singing performance. Everyone took his place and after that, I couldn’t help thinking that it was my last Art Festival and that I should spare no efforts to add a brilliant touch to it. Slowly, the curtain was drawn up. There burst out a loud applause in the audience, louder than whatever I’d heard. All the people were expecting a great deal of us and we were standing still，every muscle ready. At the sound of the music，we threw all the nervousness into the wind and sang to our heart’s content. Together we sang out our passion, our belief and our dreams. The charm of the song fascinated everyone and our resounding voice lasted in the auditorium. Absolutely, we sang far better than any of the previous rehearsals and our performance turned out a success.Very soon, we’ll farewell our beloved Alma Mater and headed into our bright future. However, the unforgettable scene of that day will impress me upon mv mind permanently.引言段：一句短句加一句长句： It was the first time that sb. had done sth. (定语从句），开头简短精练中心段：1.以时间为顺序陈述事件；表时间的词语很灵活，不单调，如：as scheduled；at the summon of the teacher;at the sound of music;slowly; turned out2. 动作和心理描写精确，如： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nervous; couldn’t help thinking； every muscle ready； sang to our heart’s content3长短句运用自然、流畅，如：everyo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne felt excited, awaiting the wonderful performances(用分词作伴随状语形象地描写了观众期盼的心情）4.文中还运用了许多并列结构，如：I couldn’t help thinking that ... and that ...【例文赏析2】Directions: W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rite an English composition in 120-150 words. The composition must be based on the information given below.父母的言传身教在孩子的成长过程中往往起到重要的作用。请结合自己的经历，描述一件印象深刻的事例，并谈谈感受。With time passing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) by without any trace and sound,it seems that all the childhood memories have become blurred, but the experience in which I have cultivated myself an ability to remain unmoved either by gain or loss, resulting from both my parents’ words and deeds still deeply root(应该是rooted)in my heart.It was four years ago ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as well as the peak season on the farm that my father suffered a severe traffic accident, resulting in his lying in bed for almost two months, which, undoubtedly, left all the living burden on my humble but tough mother. I always regarded her as a typical obedient housewife, taking it for granted that she couldn’t bear all these unexpected disasters but burst into tears with grief. Nevertheless, the fact proved that I couldn’t be more wrong. Without even a word of complaint, she swallowed all the bitterness and silently endured all the heavy farm work apart from attending to her beloved injured husband. When inquired what supported her to get through it, she just plainly told me that as long as you were alive, everything would be fine.Indeed,just as the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )moon waxes and wanes, it is inevitable that everyone can fall on hard times. As long as you are alive, things will be mended. Only with a state of calmness and doughtiness can you overcome all the difficulties. After all, what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.知识点三（图片图表作文）图片和图表作文是先对图片加以描述或对图表显示的数据加以概括说明，然后再作说明或议论。注意此类作文不用机械照搬数据，应加入自己的理解。【写作指导】1.描述图片或引述数据2. 提炼问题/观点3.分析问题/论证观点（围绕原因、影响和建议等展开）4. 结论（结合主题或图片点题）【常用句型】1.图表图片介绍：(1)The picture ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) illustrates/ The chart (/graph/diagram/table) shows/ displays/ reveals/reflects/ points out/ indicates /mirrors/ showcases that…(2)It is a table/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chart/ graph/diagram/picture of…/ which describes that…(3) As is vividly depicted/ described in the…, we can see…(4) It is clear / apparent from the chart…2. 数据描述：(1)…accounts for/ takes up 20/5 of…(2) On the top/ At the bottom of the list is…., which account for…(3) A is ranked first ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), accounting for…, followed by B at 20% and C at 15%.(4) The numb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of ….increased /rose/fell/dropped/declined/ decreased by 20%.3. 过渡句/词：(1) Laughable at first ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) glance, the picture has a practical meaning in our life.(2) Laughing at … ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at first glance, the picture is bound to bring us some food for thought as we relate it to …(3) Ironic/ Plain/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Laughable as it may seem, it mirrors / showcases a common phenomenon that….(4) Adimttedly(诚然)/Additionally/Also…4. 总结：(1) In a nutshell （总之）(2) To put it into a nutshell(3) Based on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/Judging from what have been covered above, I can conclude that …【图片例文精析】Directions: Wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )请简单描绘图片内容，并用你生活中的一个经历来具体说明。你的文章必须包括：对图片的简单描述；对个人经历的具体描写；你当时的感受或想法。结构点评 例文语言点评第一段：开门见山，直接描述了图片的内容第二段：运用过渡句，自然地过渡到记叙自己的经历，描述了小时候自己对自然野营感兴趣，却被父母阻止了。与主题非常贴切。第三段：进行议论，父母反对我去野营，不仅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )仅扼杀了作者的兴趣爱好，而且扼杀了作者的灵感和热情，影响深远。作者在最后用一个反问句再次呼应首段，并且点题，非常巧妙。As is vividly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )depicted in the picture, there is a boy with a pair of beautiful wings which stands for his creative thought and freedom to pursue what he loves. However, behind the boy, his beloved parents are cutting off his wings so that he can’t fly away, being confined to his parents instead.The picture is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hought-provoking and reminds me of my experience of being forced by my parents to shelve my dream. When I was in primary school, I showed great passion for nature, especially for plants. There once came a chance thatI could attend a summer camp to get closer to nature. After hearing my plan to enter for the camp, my parents were strongly against me and refused to pay the expenses for me. They thought my plan would put me at risk and was pointless, which would only turn out to be a waste of time and money. As a result, I abandoned my plan under the stress imposed by my parents.It was a great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blow to my interest in nature not only because of my being unable to pursue my dream but also it represents the lack of support from my parents. Thus, what parents think is good for their children, in my mind, may protect children from potential danger but meanwhile will rob them of their inspiration and the enthusiasm for what they like, which is the most precious for children and will never come back once abandoned. I do think it unwise for parents to force children to do everything based on parents’ principle. Isn’t the boy whose wings are cut off miserable 开头一段只用了两句话。which stands for定语从句what he loves 宾语从句being confined to his parents 运用了现在分词做伴随状语。第二段：thought-provoking“发人深省的”show great passion fora chance that同位语从句which would only turn out to be a waste of time and money.定语从句imposed by第三段：It was a great blow to对……来说是巨大的打击what parents think i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s good for their children, in my mind, may protect children from potential danger but meanwhile will rob them of their inspiration and the enthusiasm for what they like, which is the most precious for children and will never come back once abandoned. 本句灵活运用了主语从句，定语从句和各种词组。do think表强调【作文赏析】1.图片：Directions: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.下面两幅图反映的是部分城乡孩子所面临的窘境。请就此谈谈你的想法。你的文章须包括：具体描述两幅图；简要分析造成这种现象的原因；提出解决问题的建议。（注：请勿出现真实姓名和学校。） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )The two pictures ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) look so similar at one glance, but they are totally different. In the first picture, a peasant boy, carrying a heavy bundle of rice straw， is out of breath under the great pressure. His hope is to have a school to attend. In the second picture, a student is on his way home from school, a heavy bag of books on his back. What he wishes is that he didn’t have to go to school any more. How can the two boys at the same age have such different ideas about attending school The two pictu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )res show some problems in the present education system in China. In the poor countryside, especially in some western parts of China, the education is also poor. There are no buildings for classrooms, let alone good teachers. Children there cannot have regular education. They are sometimes forced to leave their studies because their families cannot afford the necessary fees.However, the situation is totally different in the cities. Almost all the children in the cities can have regular education. They can enjoy the bright classrooms and adequate facilities. But they have their own problems. What they face is the endless homework, which puts so much pressure on them that some students don’t want to continue their studies.Given the problem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s above, our government has taken some measures. “The Hope Project” has been in operation to ensure that children in the poor areas can achieve education. Some strategies have also been put into force to reduce the pressure on the students. Teachers are asked not to give too much homework. Emphasis should be put on the improvement of the quality of the students.However, there is a long way to go in the improvement of our education conditions. The whole society should be mobilized to make some contributions to our education.2.图表1：Directions: Write an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 现有一个中学生志愿者服务的网络平台，这是该平台上显示学生参与活动的流程图： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )请你据此写一篇短文，你的文章必须包括：简要介绍参与活动的流程。谈谈你对通过网络平台参与志愿者服务活动的看法。With the online plat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )form of students’ volunteer work contributing to the convenience and the mental benefits to students of volunteer work, it is becoming more and more appealing to high school students.Whoever wants to tak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e part in a volunteer work, he or she only needs to register online, complete personal information and choose projects and locations and thus participate in it. After the work, students are required to hand in reports and share their own experience.The easy way to ente ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r for a volunteer project as well as the online service saves a lot of time and renders simple access to volunteering, therefore, more approaches to volunteering are likely to motivate students to take an active part in it and stimulate their passion for helping others or the society regardless of no profits.Last but not le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ast, it is the platform in which students can express their own sensible feelings after their volunteer work that brings a golden opportunity to exchange some food for thought in the work and at the same time cultivate the true, the good and the beautiful deep in their hearts, which is in accord with the main idea of the meaning of the volunteer work.Such an effective, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )convenient and meaningful way to express human love will surely benefit the whole society and is worth promoting.图表2Directions: W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rite an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instruction given below.例一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )某网站对高中生的交流方式进行了一次调查，结果如图表所示。请简要描述图表，结合你的实际，谈谈你的看法。第一段(简述)As the chart indicates ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), the proportion of the high school students who contact each other by sending a short message and by E-mail is absolutely high, while other communicating means, such as by writing a letter are relatively minor.第二段（看法）Personally speaking, t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his social phenomenon persuades us to take the following two aspects into consideration. Firstly, wherever and whenever we are, sending messages or email is convenient, for a mobile phone is portable. On the other hand, these communicating means are efficient, for it almost takes no time to send or receive a message. If I have to contact somebody, for example, I often choose to use my cell phone or computer. Writing a letter is a traditional way to get in touch with each other, which seems to be out of fashion.第三段（小结）No doubt, thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s survey reflects the feature of modern times that people including high school students prefer to enjoy such convenience and efficiency brought about by high technology. (163words)主题词汇及句型积累饼图 [pie chart]；柱状图 [bar chart]；图表 [table]；曲线图 [graph]表占比的常见动词：account for % ; constitute %; make up %; comprise %百分比的表达：percentage，proportion, share当堂检测一、H重点词汇翻译1.高频单词 however无论任务多么艰巨，我们都要不遗余力地完成。（However）(2014徐汇一模)2、无论多么艰难，交给咱们的任务都必须按时完成。(however) (2014长宁一模)3.不管多么困难，我们都应该按时完成这项利民工程。(however) (2013长宁一模)2.高频单词 how1.在台上的手语翻译是个精神病人，这是多么荒谬的事啊！(How) (2014杨浦一模)2.那晚在观众席中看女儿弹钢琴，她的父母是多么地自豪啊！（How）（2011嘉定二模）3.一些慈善机构往往将眼光放在如何让受助对象脱贫上，而忽略了受助者的心理需求。(how)3.高频单词hardly1、专家们一入座，外语节的演讲比赛就在王校长的主持下开始了。(Hardly) (2014长宁一模)2．他刚一坐下，就发现桌子还没收拾好。(Hardly)3.高频单词其他1. 依我看来，读英文报纸对我们学英语很有帮助。（helpful）2．据说今晚公司将设宴招待澳大利亚专家。（honor）3.吉姆不假思索地回答了老师的问题。(hesitation)4.要保持身体健康，我们应该每天抽出一定的时间来锻炼。(health) 二、作文练习1. 请谈谈你在学习或生活中曾经遇到的难关和你从中吸取的经验教训。2. Directions: Writ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.最近某学校在学生中做了一次“有烦恼向谁说？”的调查。调查结果如图表示。请你简要描述调查结果，并谈谈你自己的想法。温故知新II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Who is responsible for childhood obesity(肥胖) It's lunchtime an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d sixth-grader Oscar Villanova visits the vending(售卖) machine. He pays for an orange juice and some cheese sticks, (21)________ he really wanted soda and chips. His school, Mildred Avenue, only sells school lunch and healthy snacks.Seventh-grader Leticia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Brown (22)________ (tell) by her doctor that she needs to lose weight. Her doctor says exercise will help her control her weight but at school she only gets physical education once a week.Many children su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ffer from health conditions (23)________ are caused or made worse by their lifestyles. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and four times in adolescents in the past 30 years. Moreover, rates of childhood diabetes(糖尿病) (24)________ (rise). These conditions can put children (25)________ risk for heart disease and other major killers later in life.These health ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )issues are complex problems with many different causes. Eating meals out, watching lots of TV, and not being active after school can cause too much weight gain. But there are many things children can do (26)________ (improve) their health. Doctors say the primary focus for children (27)________ be eating healthy food and getting exercise every day.Schools are getting ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )28)________ (involve) in solving the problem. Some, like Mildred Avenue, restrict the snacks students can buy (29)________ are offering more gym classes to emphasize the importance of exercise. Some schools even send home health notices warning parents that their child may be overweight. These schools believe parents should be acting more responsibly by restricting children's diets. Many parents get angry, (30)________ (argue) that schools should limit their focus to teaching. They believe that they have primary responsibility for their children's health.Section BDirections: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. uncomfortab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le B. critically C. balance D. nonsense E. temptation F. responding G. effectively H. practice I. demands J. reasoning K. deliveringEmbrace the rule of awkward silenceThe rule of awkwa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd silence is simple: When faced with a challenging question, instead of answering, pause and think deeply about how you want to answer. This is no short pause; rather, it involves taking several seconds (10, 20 or longer) to think things through before ____31____ .At Apple, Tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Cook has engaged in the ____32____ for years. Back in 2008, a Fortune article said that in meetings, Cook was "known for long, ____33____ pauses, when all you hear is the sound of his tearing the wrapper of the energy bars he constantly eats."Cook isn't alone in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )embracing the rule of awkward silence. Steve Jobs once took almost 20 seconds to respond to a personal attack, ____34____ a perfect response.The rule of awkward ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) silence has always been valuable as a tool of emotional intelligence because it allows you to ____35____ thought and emotion instead of simply reacting based on feeling.Why the rule of awkward silence is more valuable than ever.We live in a wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rld that ____36____ instant satisfaction. Emails should be answered on the same day. Text messages should be answered right now. But there's a major problem with all of this immediate communication: It doesn't leave time to think.As in, think ____37____.Critical think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing calls for deep and careful consideration of a subject. It involves weighing and analyzing facts, and careful ____38____. And it results in making insightful connections.None of this is possible without time.And time has become the biggest luxury on the planet.But when you embrace ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the rule of awkward silence, you steal back time. Time that used to be wasted on ____39____ answers.So, the next time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )someone asks you a challenging question, or even what seems on the surface to be a simple one, resist the ____40____ to respond with the first thing that comes to mind.Instead, embrac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the rule of awkward silence, and think before you speak.III.Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Fear is a natura ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l and valuable emotion. It has great survival value for human beings, ____41____ us to fight for survival or run away quickly from a threat. But too much fear in the form of chronic(慢性的) anxiety is incredibly ____42____ and weakening.Anxiety is prolong ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed fear that persists in the ____43____ of a real threat: after a threat is over, during situations that aren't actually very dangerous, or before a/an ____44____ threat in the future. When anxiety becomes chronic and ____45____ your life, it transforms into an anxiety disorder. Research consistently shows that cognitive(认知的) behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most ____46____ anxiety treatment. It works better than drugs, psychoanalysis, and all the other ways we have tried to treat ____47____ over the years.Broadly speaki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng, two CBT approaches for treating anxiety have ____48____: coping and exposure. Coping is changing how you think, evaluating threats more accurately, and building confidence in your ability to ____49____ a threat so that you are gradually less afraid. Exposure is ____50____ experiencing what you are afraid of, proving your terrible predictions of disaster to be false, until your fear naturally dies down. The most recent data show that both approaches help, but exposure can work faster and ____51____ larger, longer-lasting reductions in anxiety.If you suffer f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom anxiety, you can apply the latest and most effective procedure for exposure, called restrictive learning. It was ____52____ by a team of therapists and researchers who published their results in 2014. This special exposure ____53____ will help you overcome anxiety as rapidly and completely as possible.The most effective co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ping ____54____ used in CBT and related therapies include coping planning, cognitive flexibility, and distress tolerance. They are research-tested, ____55____ effective techniques that will improve and strengthen your anxiety recovery program.41. A. persuading B. remembering C. expecting D. preparing42. A. jealous B. painful C. innocent D. conscious43. A. abstract B. existence C. absence D. continuation44. A. potential B. essential C. available D. sustainable45. A. instructs B. challenges C. stimulates D. dominates46. A. effective B. objective C. invisible D. significant47. A. pressure B. ignorance C. anxiety D. depression48. A. described B. emerged C. protected D. supervised49. A. overlook B. simplify C. remark D. handle50. A. purposefully B. vigorously C. sincerely D. passionately51. A. breaks through B. turns down C. results in D. works out52. A. composed B. developed C. predicted D. symbolized53. A. commitment B. evidence C. assessment D. process54. A. strategies B. behaviors C. responses D. examples55. A. naturally B. probably C. highly D. initiallySection BDirections: Read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People are mot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ivated to do activities by many different factors. For me the main factors that are involved are competition, the desire for achieving greatness, the satisfaction of completing projects, and enjoyment.Since I am a twin, a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ense of competition is deep rooted in my brain. Healthy competition can push us to do fantastic things. It makes us strive for a certain goal and gets us to do things faster. However, I do not think competition should become harmful. When anger, frustration, and depression is a result of competition, it is not healthy. Yet, competition can bring about respect, friendship, and mutual gain. In the case with my twin brother, we have pushed ourselves to be good at sports, music, school, and even at work. This competitive spirit has leaked into my life without my twin around. In a sense, I reproduce my twin brother in other people. I always try to be number one at whatever I do - or at least in the top three. There are times this attitude becomes unhealthy, as I get frustrated if I give everything to a competition or activity and produce only average results. But as the years passed, I have gotten better at handling failure and defeat. All in all, I think I finish and do well in many areas of my life for the simple fact that I want to do well in them. The feeling of doing well against competent opponents is satisfying.I enjoy the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eeling of completing an important project. For instance, last year, I finished a poetry collection with my late father's poems and my own poems. It was an honor to him and his work. In a way, I felt that his death was not in vain and that his work was proved even more through this collection. It is hard to describe the moment of knowing when such an important project is set to rest: it is almost like you are ready to die. You sense that a chapter of your life has closed and you are now a new person. These deep emotions motivate me to complete projects on a regular basis.The simplest fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctor that motivates me to do something is enjoyment. There are people who do activities they do not enjoy for decades. I am not one of those people. I can work on tasks I do not like for a while, but in the end, my main focus should be on something that I enjoy. If I find joy in doing a certain work, I engage in it for a large part of the day, or even all day without tiring. Tiredness in most cases, in my life, is due to a lack of enjoyment in the work being done.Each person has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his or her own motivating factors. I hope this reflection has allowed you to dip deeper into your true nature.56.The author ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mentions his twin brother (Paragraph 1) to show ________A.the peer of competition B. the root cause of competitionC. the competent opponent D. the competitive partner57.By the poetry collection, the author intends to ________.A.honor his father and himself for years to comeB.describe the sense of a chapter of his new lifeC.allow his father to rest and get himself to ready to dieD.appreciate the satisfaction of completing projects58.What attitude does the author take towards tasks A.He feels angry, frustrated and depressed in his tasks.B.He enjoys the tasks that other people are reluctant to do.C.He works without tiredness if he takes pleasure in tasks.D.He usually lacks enjoyment in the tasks being done.59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage A.Motivation B. Competition C. Reflection D. Satisfaction(B)The Classic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )road trip is more popular than ever. Here are several places to hit the open road.(1)Colo-road TripsThe Colorado T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ourism Office has made it easy for road-trippers to explore the state's 24 Scenic Historic Byways. A new microsite includes an interactive map that enables travelers to explore options by region, interest or season. Travelers seeking inspiration can also access insider tips and side-trip suggestions within more than 150 Colo-road Trip itineraries. The flexible itineraries offer suggestions for historic attractions, active adventures and highlight cultural opportunities.(2)The Bear-tooth HighwayVisitors who trav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el this extraordinary path experience the visual landscape of Montana, Wyoming and Yellowstone Park, home to the Absaroka and Bear-tooth mountains. The windy, cliff-hugging 68-mile stretch introduces road explorers to one of the most diverse(多样的) ecosystems accessible by auto. Amazingly beautiful, this All-American Road display wide highlands, painted with patches of ice blue lakes, forested valleys, waterfalls and wildlife.(3)Seward Highway, AlaskaThe road that connects ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Anchorage to Seward is a 127-mile treasure, including natural beauty, wildlife and stories of adventure and endurance. Take a day or several to explore the region that has earned three-fold recognition as a Forest Service Scenic Byway, an Alaskan Scenic Byway and an All-American Road. The drive begins at the base of the Chugach Mountains, hugs the scenic shores of Turn-again Arm and winds through mining towns, national forests and fishing villages as you imagine how explorers, fur traders and gold prospectors might have fared back in the day. Expect waterfalls, glaciers(冰川), eagles, moose(驼鹿)and some good bear stories.(4)The Lighthouse Trail, MaineTravels the 375 mil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es between Kittery and Calais, Maine, visiting lighthouses along the way, and learn about the dangers that seagoing boats and their crew endured along the rocky Northeastern coast. Hear tales of shipwrecks(海滩)and of the difficult and lonely life led by those who kept the lights burning brightly. If possible, visit the Maine Lighthouse Museum, where artifacts and hands-on exhibits for children provide an attractive break.60.What is special about each place mentioned above A.Tourists of Col ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o-road Trips are provided with adaptable plan of trip.B.Visitors to the Bear-tooth Highway can enjoy the auto display.C.Drivers along Sewa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd Highway can appreciate the treasure underground.D.The Lighthouse Trai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l offers travelers seagoing boats to row in the sea.61.Which place favors kids according the passage A.Colo-road Trips. B. The Bear-tooth Highway.C. Seward Highway, Alaska. D. The Lighthouse Trail, Maine.62.The best title for the passage is __________.A.Stories of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )adventure along road trips B. American popular road tripsC. Recognition for classic places D. All-American highway journey(C)According to Oxford ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Dictionaries, morality means: "Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior." Though morality is a rather subjective subject, there are some principles that are universal across all cultures found by an Oxford University study: "help your family, help your group, return favors, be brave, obey superiors, divide resources fairly, and respect others' property". The fact that these morals are found across 60 cultures from around the world demonstrates that morality, though subjective, is the cornerstone of keeping our societies together. Here are some reasons to be moral: without morality, a social life is almost impossible to maintain; having a good reputation and having a clear conscience is psychologically healthy; and most philosophies regard unselfish and principled behavior as important.There is no doubt that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) without morals, a society cannot function effectively. A confused situation would appear. According to the Society of Morality, "We are social animals, and the actions we take - the things we do and the things we don't do - have consequences on our environments and on the others around us. As a result, we need to be able to govern our behavior in the near term so as not to injure ourselves or our community in the long term. This system of controlling our actions and our thoughts in order to operate in a community is what we often refer to as morality". Therefore, we need a set of morals in order to operate within a social circle and a social environment. Acting immoral usually results in being excluded from social activities or being avoided by a society based on laws and cultural standards.Besides acting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) moral having a sociological need, it also has a psychological basis. Most people are concerned to some extent about their reputation. According to PsyPost, "A lot of economic models of human behavior assume that people are only rational(理性的) when they narrowly pursue their own self-interest, but history shows us that people are also tremendously concerned with being and appearing moral". So, the fear of one's reputation being damaged is often a strong motivator to be moral. And if someone has been immoral, most people go out of their way to make sure no one finds out, or to correct the behavior in order to not be caught. This goes in line with conscience as well. People generally feel in a better psychological state if they feel that their conscience is clean. A dirty conscience can result in a lack of sleep, anxiety, internal stress, and even illness.On the side of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) philosophy, the study of ethics(伦理) comes into play. Most philosophers agree that one should rationally choose a set of standards of behavior in order to function. Though there is moral relativism, there are universal anthropological(人类学的) morals, as mentioned in the introduction. By the nature of our societies and cultures, we choose what we believe is right and wrong. But surprising, this rational behavior comes to a general agreement on morals. So, there is a fine line between moral relativism and moral absolutism. But the main thing to take away from this discussion is that philosophers generally believe that 3each individual has the right to rationally come up with a set of ethics to live by, and that it is healthy to do so.63.The author dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cusses morality (Paragraph 1) in order to ___________.A.explain the relationship between morality and cultureB.describe the moral rules found all around the worldC.contrast the distinction between right and wrongD.introduce the definition, principles and reasons of morality64.It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.A.acting moral allows us to fit into groups betterB.morality brings the system of controlling behaviorsC.acting immoral weakens laws and cultural standardsD.Our controlled behaviors establish sets of morals65.Which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following is the psychological basis for acting moral A.Pursuit of self-interest. B. A clean conscience.C. The concern about reputation. D. A dirty conscience.66.What does the autho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r advise us to do according to the last paragraph A.To reach a general agreement on morals based on ethics.B.To carve one’s own sense of ethics to operate in this world.C.To choose between moral relativism and moral absolutism.D.To exclude philosophers’ beliefs and solutions as well.Section CDirections: Read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The robots a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lso carr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied an iPad that allowed for remote video communication with a health care provider.B.Up to 30 p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ercent of the participants reported that they were concerned with the robotic system.C.Researchers from MI ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )T and Brigham and Women’s Hospital recently set out to answer that question.D.Currently the process requires several people to perform.E.However, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e question still remained whether patients would be receptive to this type of interaction.F. The results of this study give us some confidence that people are ready and willing to engage with us on those fronts.The robotic doctor will see you nowIn the age of socia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l distancing, using robots for some health care interactions is a promising way to reduce in-person contact between health care workers and sick patients. However, a key question that needs to be answered is how patients will react to a robot entering the exam room.(67)___________. In a study performed in the emergency department at Brigham and Women’s, the team found that a large majority of patients reported that interacting with a health care provider via a video screen fixed on a robot was similar to an in-person interaction with a health care worker.“We’re actively worki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng on robots that can help provide care to maximize the safety of both the patient and the health care workforce. (68)___________. In a larger online survey conducted nationwide, we also found that a majority of respondents were open to having robots perform minor procedures such as taking a nose swab(拭子).” says Giovanni Traverso, an MIT assistant professor of mechanical engineering, and the senior author of the study.After the Co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vid-19 pandemic began early last year, Traverso and his colleagues turned their attention toward new strategies to minimize interactions between potentially sick patients and health care workers. To that end, they worked with Boston Dynamics to create a mobile robot that could interact with patients as they waited in the emergency department. The robots were equipped with sensors that allow them to measure vital signs, including skin temperature, breathing rate, and pulse rate. (69)___________.The study sugg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ests that it could be worthwhile to try to develop robots that can perform procedures that currently require a lot of human effort, such as turning a patient over in bed, the researchers say. Turning Covid-19 patients onto their stomachs has been shown to improve their blood oxygen levels and make breathing easier. (70)___________. Administering Covid-19 tests is another task that requires a lot of time and effort from health care workers, who could be arranged for other tasks if robots could help perform swabs.IV.Summary Writing71.Directions: Read th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What Makes an Ideal Friend To say what an i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )deal friend is is not the easiest thing to do. Each person has his or her own opinion of what one would be. However, speaking generally, these are certain features that most people consider characteristic of an ideal friend. Loyal, trustworthy, and open to show weakness are common qualities that the majority of people attach to ideal friends.Loyalty is a usual q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uality given to ideal friends. According to Psychology Today, “Loyalty is valued early on in all of our relationships, from the time we make our first friendships. We need friends who won’t spill our secrets to others, gossip about us, or allow others to criticize us”. The worst action between friends is not keeping one’s word.Ideal friends are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )also usually referred as being trustworthy. In a statement by Psychology Today, they say that, “Trustworthiness is often the “make or break” element in any interpersonal relationship. Any unfaithful action, regardless of recognized degree, can destroy a relationship. Trustworthiness consists of several elements, including honesty, dependability, and loyalty, and while each is important to successful relationships, honesty and dependability have been identified as the most vital in the area of friendships”. In light of this, a universal complaint of friends is a lack of honesty, and this is at the heart of being trustworthy.In line with be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing honest is also the ability to show one’s weaknesses. According to the Book of Life, “The ideal friend doesn’t try to prove how powerful and successful they are; on the contrary, quite often they let us know awkward and potentially embarrassing things about themselves. They show how much they trust us by confessing failings and sorrows which would open them up to possible disgrace from the world beyond. They offer us the gift of their defenselessness.” That openness is treasured, as to be close to an individual, one must be willing to share his or her true feelings and states.V.TranslationDirections: Translate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他在会上的发言引起了专家和网民的热议。(arouse) 73. 许多在大都市里奋斗的人向往慢节奏生活的乐趣。(long) 74. 该车成功地将艺术与技术融为一体, 自投放市场以来, 需求量一直很大。(Having ...) 75. 看到员工们认真负责的态度和独具匠心的制作工艺, 我突然明白这家老字号店铺为什么 会经营几个世纪而经久不衰。(It)VI.Guided Writing76.Directions: Wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是光华中学的学生李明, 最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )近在某英文报上看到一则调查；在你的手机、智能手表、电脑、电视机中, 你更喜欢哪种电子设备 请你给该报调查专栏的编辑写一封信, 内容须包括：（1）你更喜欢以上哪一种电子设备 （2）你的理由。注：信的开头与结尾已经提供；信中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
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备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第8讲 词汇H+记叙文+图片图表作文 教师版
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答案21. but/ though/ although 22. has been / is told 23. that/ which 24. have risen/been /are rising 25. at 26. to improve 27. should 28. involved 29. Others 30. arguing 31-35 FHAKC 36-40 IBJDE 41-45 DBCAD 46-50 ACBDA 51-55 CBDAC 56-59 BDCA 60-62 ADB 63-66DACB 67-70 CFAD Summary One possible version Being loyal, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trustworthy, and open to show weakness are generally considered as shared qualities of an ideal friend. Exactly speaking, an ideal friend should remain faithful first. Second, honest and dependable. Finally, she/he is open to share unpleasant and tricky things with friends.(43words)72.His speech a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the meeting has aroused/ arouse a heated discussion among experts and netizens.73.Many people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) who struggle/work hard/ strive in big cities / metropolises are longing/ long to enjoy/ long for the pleasure/ fun of a slow paced life.74.Having succe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssfully integrated/ combined / mixed art with technology, the car has been in great demand since it was first introduced/ launched into the market.75.It suddenly struck ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) / occurred to/ dawned on me why this time-honored/old store/ this store with a long history has been operating and enduring for centuries, when I saw/ noticed/observed the serious and responsible attitude and unique techniques/ craftsmanship of its workers/staff.
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