中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
备战2022年上海高考英语二轮复习精品讲义第10讲 重点词汇J-K+议论文讲解 学生版
教学内容
进门小练笔On the morning of Se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ptember 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson, who is blind, went early to his office on the 78th floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting. As Michael worked, his guide dog, a Labrador retriever _____21_____(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m., a treme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndous boom rocked the building, eliciting screams throughout the floor. Michael grabbed Roselle, trusting that the dog _____22_____ (lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.“Forward,” Michael in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )structed, and they descended the first of 1,463 steps to the lobby. _____23_____about ten floors, the stairwell grew crowded and hot, and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a woman became crazy, yelling that they wouldn’t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman _____24_____ she finally petted the dog, calmed herself, and kept walking down the stairs.Around the 30 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th floor, firefighters started passing Michael on their way up. Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, _____25_____ (provide) many of the firefighters with _____26_____ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tes, Michael and Roselle reached _____27_____booby, and 15 minutes later, they emerged outside to a scene of chaos. Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as the South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a ti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght grip on Roselle’s harness, using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumbling tower. The street bounced like a trampoline, and “a deafening roar” like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours late, Michael and Roselle made it home safely. At that moment, they thought they were _____28_____ (lucky) in the world.In the months tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t followed, Michael became a spokesperson for Guide Dogs for the Blind, the organization by which Roselle _____29_____(train). Together, they spread their message about trust and teamwork.In 2004, Roselle devel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oped a blood disorder, _____30_____ prevented her from guiding and touring. She died in 2011.“I’ve had man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y other dogs,” Michael wrote, “but there is only one Roselle.”课堂导入素材源：news.sky（原文有删改)https://news.sky.com/story/lessons-in-love-classes-on-romance-growing-in-popularity-in-china-11894890 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) VocabularyDirections: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.imbalance B. initi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ative C. subsequent D. odds E. instincts F. emotions G. tricky H. naturally I. opposite J. closely K. demonstrationThis is today's l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esson: "Remember, excitement decides the quality of your love… Without excitement you cannot have love."A lecture in love - but one that is on the curriculum.At least nine univer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sities in China offer courses like this one on relationships, and they're getting more popular.Romance is ____1____ in China, for a number of reasons. But especially for men. Last year there we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re nearly 32 more million men than women in the country. As a result, men looking for heterosexual relationships are up against the __2______."They have limi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted knowledge about love and marriage. So through teacher and university, we give a live ____3____ to students, so they can know what a good marriage is."We give them the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )otivation and teach them skills: how to communicate with others, how to get along with the ___4_____sex, what you should pay attention to in love."Li estimates a third ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of his students take _____5___ to the lessons - which include field trips boating on the lake.The rest of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )em "need more work. They need someone to push them. I'm the pusher. I must use all kinds of ways to excite their____6______".One single male stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dent tells us after class that the lessons are being put into practise: "I find that after his class, I knew more girls around me and we can get on_____7___."I know more about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )their thinking, their ____8_____ and their opinions."Most people spend th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eir teenage years in intense preparation for the gaokao exam, which decides your university and _______9____ career, and doesn't leave much time for socialising.It's a society-wide problem.China's massive gender ____10_____ matters.It means more lonely, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )frustrated men. And it can lead to social instability, distortions in the work force and even increased human trafficking across borders.【词汇讲解】initiative n.a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem倡议；新措施例：The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides.和平倡议受到了双方的欢迎。n.the ability to use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your judgment to make decisions and do things without needing to be told what to do主动性；自主决断行事的能力例：Although she was qu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite young, she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to manager after a year.她虽然很年轻，但工作积极主动，一年后就被提拔为经理。demonstrationn.the act of showing s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omeone how to do something, or how something works演示，示范例：Let me give you a demonstration of how the camera works.让我来给你演示一下照相机的工作原理。distort v.to change somethi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng from its usual, original, natural, or intended meaning, condition, or shape扭曲；使变形；歪曲例：My original statement has been completely distorted by the media.我最初的说法被媒体彻底歪曲了。curriculum n.the subjects studi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in a school, college, etc. and what each subject includes课程例：the school curriculum学校课程intenseadj.extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong强烈的，极度的例：He suddenly felt an intense pain in his back.他突然觉得背部一阵剧痛。trafficv.to buy and sell goods illegally非法交易例：They were arrested ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for trafficking in the eggs of protected species of birds.他们因非法交易国家保护鸟类所产的蛋而被捕。socialize v.to spend time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when you are not working with friends or with other people in order to enjoy yourself参加社交活动，交际例：I tend not to socialize with my colleagues.我不想与我的同事交往过多。subsequent adj.happening after something else随后的，接着的例：The book disc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )usses his illness and subsequent resignation from politics.书中讲述了他患病及随后隐退政坛的事。精讲精练知识点一（考纲词汇J-K重点词汇梳理）【考纲词汇J-K重点词汇梳理】Jjam vt.使堵塞；使塞满； be ~m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in a crowded bus n be caught in a traffic ~遇到交通堵塞jealous adj. be ~ of sb / one’s successjob a part-time j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ob/a nine-to-five job/make a good job of sth把某事做好/on the job工作时上班时/out of job失业join v. ~ the army / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the club, be ~ed to 连接The plumber joined this pipe to a new onejoint n. finger ~ adj. a ~ effort共同努力 a ~ venture合资企业joke n play ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a ~ / trick onsb, make a ~ about = ~ about拿…开玩笑 vi. ~ with sb about sthjournal n. 期刊，杂志，日志journey n make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) / go on / be on / take a ~ to sp去某地旅行 vi ~ to the ends of the earthjudge vt ~ sb /sth, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ~ a man by his appearance, vi. Judging from/by…, n.法官，裁判员； judgment pass ~on a man of sound judgment 判断力很强的人jump vi ~ with jo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y ~ to a conclusion 匆匆得出结论 vt. ~the queue插队 n high/long ~ 跳高/远 junior adj be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )~ to sb by 2 years比我轻2岁 ~ / senior / superior / inferior to jury n.[法] 陪审团； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )评判委员会a.be on the ~ b. The ~ will announce the winners of the contest.justice a strong sense of justice强烈的正义感 bring someone to justicejustify 为--- 辩解 How ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) can you justify your rude behavior /We can’t justify spending any more money on this project.Kkeen adj敏锐的，敏捷的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；渴望的；强烈的；热心的；锐利的be ~ on /to do /that a ~ sense of smell, . a ~ sense of responsibility keep v ~ sb wait ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing / informed of, ~ the door open, ~ away (sb /sth) from, ~ back tears, keeper 看守人key n. ~ to the d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oor / exercise / success / developing a country, adj. ~ schools kick v./n. 踢 ~ a habit 戒除习惯（非正式）kidnap v. 诱拐（小孩等），绑架kill vt~ tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, ~ oneself / commit suicide / take one’s own life, ~ two birds with one stone cf: murder / assassinate 暗杀kind adj be so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )~ as / ~ enough to do n. the longest bridge of its ~, ~ of tired 有点疲劳knee n go / be (down) on his ~s kneel vi. ~ down 跪下，跪着knock v. ~ sb down, ~ down an old house / the prices, ~ at the door / on the window know v. ~ sb by name / by sight, be known to sb / for / as, ~ better than to do 很清楚不至于无知到做某事, ~ about / of knowledge n acq ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uire / obtain ~, to (the best of )one’s ~ 就某人所知, be knowledgeable about 知识渊博的知识点二（议论文写作）话题类议论文写作1Guided Writing：Directions: Writ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.在充斥着各种电子产品的信息时代，有些人很看好科技公司的发展而有些却不。你认为科技公司成功的关键是什么？请谈谈你的看法并举例说明。【范文】At the dawn of in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )formation age, the rising of electronic appliances has given many tech companies an edge in the global market. However, the tide doesn’t necessarily raise all boats. Those companies who cannot cater to the majority’s needs will be easily knocked out. As far as I’m concerned, two key qualities matter a lot. First and fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )remost, innovation is undeniably of prime significance to the success of a tech company. Apparently, innovative skills exclusive to a company may determine its irreplaceable position in the field. It is also a combination of keeping pace with the times and constantly challenging itself, which helps to grab and retain target customers’ attention. Apart from inn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ovation, it can be the culture that cultivates its customers’ as well as employees’ loyalty. For instance, Huawei boasts its customer-oriented attitudes and diligence in transforming itself from a local business to a global brand. It’s no exaggeration to say that only if a tech company occupies a decent culture can it foster its employees’ sense of belonging, sense of responsibility and sense of honor, thus the ultimate improved customer experience. In the final analysis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), a tech company’s success may not depend on its products so much as its innovation and distinctive company culture. Therefore, it’s high time that companies should at least remember that once involved, one is sure to evolve. (226ws)【赏析】结构：典型的“三段式”。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一段介绍时代背景和趋势，引出作文的话题，进而表达观点。第二段和第三段分别围绕观点表达分论点并围绕其阐述理由。最后一段为总结段，总结了第一段的观点和中间两段的分论点，并提出呼吁。内容：均符合题目要求，且论述合理。语言：过渡衔接自然。词语：衔接词“analysis”标出；高频词：1. caterv. 迎合5. exclusivea. 独有的，专有的2. undeniablyadv. 不可否认地6. irreplaceablea．不可替代的3. apparentlyadv. 显然，明显地7. ultimatea. 最终的，最后的4. grabv. 抓住8. distinctivea. 具有特色的词组或短语：at the dawn of在…的开始give … an edge 给…优势be knocked out被挤出局be of prime significance最重要的not … so much as …与其说…不如说…keep pace with the times与时俱进sense of honor荣誉感句型：the tide doesn’t necessarily raise all boats.…并不是对所有…都带来好处。It’s no exaggeration to say …毫不夸张地说，…Those companies who… can easily be…who引导定语从句It can be… that …强调句It’s high time that …是做某事的紧要时候了。Once involved, one is sure to evolve.一旦加入，一个人（一家公司）一定要成长。only if… can …only 的部分倒装句话题类议论文写作2 随着互联网及社交网络的发展，关于明星私生活的报道司空见惯。请写一篇文章表达你对这一问题的看法，你的文章必须包括：你是否赞同在网络上曝光明星的私生活；用理由或具体的事例来支持你的观点。The 21st cen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tury has witnessed more remarkable advances in technology and social network than any time before. This, undoubtedly, gives rise to the overwhelming reports on stars’ private life for the mere purpose of seeking laughingstock for our common life. From my point of view, it’s not desirable to bring stars’ private life to spotlight with the following reasons.First and foremost ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), exposure of others’ privacy goes against what we assume everyone enjoys. Public figures as they are, stars still possess the fundamental right of privacy to keep their potentially inglorious side internalized. Additionally, negative and ill-intentioned reports will take an enormous toll on both their family and career. Once unfavorable comments initiate, needless to say, the disaster caused by Internet will follow in its wake. As a result, all their previous efforts may be wasted overnight and all their hopes will come to nothing. From what is demo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nstrated above, we cannot attach too much importance to allowing room for stars’ privacy. On no account should we base our delight on others’ reluctance. Keep in mind that it’s not what others do and say but your own behavior that really matters.话题类议论文写作3 某英语杂志社正在举行征稿活动，主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题为；“梦想点亮人生Dream Lightens Life”。请你用英语写一篇小短文，向该杂志社投稿。要点如下：你的梦想是什么？阐述拥有梦想如何点亮人生，是你的生活变得不同；你认为实现梦想需要什么。Dream Lightens LifeSpotted with ups an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d downs and twists and turns, our life is therefore twinkling with beams of light. Then what is the reason It is dreams that may partly account for it. What light is to a dark night, dream is to our supposedly plain life. As for me, my dream is nothing but to be happy, happy enough to assure myself that every day spent is rewarding and instructive.I benefit a lot from m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y dream. Every time I challenge myself to complete a seemingly impossible task and manage to work it out, I will feel uplifted from the bottom of my heart. As a result, I hardly bear the assumption that there is anything I can never deal with, painstaking though it is. Additionally, dream can favorably better my attitudes toward life. For example, sometimes when I am in low spirits, my dream will pop into my mind to convince me not to waste time complaining about what has happened but to fully utilize remaining time to adjust myself to what will happen.However, on the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) way of fulfilling my dream, there are sure to be some obstacles. The key factors to get rid of them, personally, are perseverance, flexible ability to regulate the mindset and the sharp observation to look for beauty. In the first place, perseverance is the fuel for your procession. Only by persisting in your dream and keeping on striving for it can you render it become a habit and a daily routine to you. Then the capacity of adjustment is also an indispensable part, which will constantly ensure you the sweetness of escaping from sorrow and balancing your state. Being ready to find beauty, above all, is an addition of pleasure in the event of boredom or trouble. Different as our dream are, chances are that everyone has a burning desire to make it come true. Therefore, everyone should spare no pains, no trouble and no expense to scale his or her new heights and step into a brand new prospect. 当堂检测一：相关翻译2021宝山一模72. 他在整理书籍时发现了一本旧日记。(run) 73. 过度使用手机会对我们的身体造成不良影响。(impact) 74．不可否认这种疾病的危害性已经引起了公众的广泛关注和高度重视。(There) 75. 你希望同学怎么对待你，你就怎么对待他们。无论相交深浅，都应尊重他们。(Whatever ) 二：作文训练现在上网阅读的人越来越多，人们可以更快地从网上读到新闻，找到他们所需要的信息或下载文学作品。你认为网络是否能最终代替书刊报纸？举例说明你的理由。温故知新II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: Afte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Everywhere I l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ook outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. (21) ______ connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.People (22) ______ (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people (23) ______ (describe) their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time
(24) ______ (resist) the temptation of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.The main goal of tech ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see people (25) ______ (trap) in a pathological (病态的) relationship with time-consuming technology, (26) ______ they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude (奴役). I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence (27) ______ ______ uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.What is a healthy use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of technology devices That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life That is what we need to ask (28) ______ if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology. Mae West is famous for the wisdom that “too much of a good thing is wonderful.” (29) ______ it’s time to discover that it does not work for technology.Richard Fernand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that “we can be swept away by our technologies.” To break the grand digital connection, people must consider (30) ______ life long ago could be fantastic without today’s overused technology.Section B Directions: Fill in ea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentialB. limitlessC. attachedD. initialE. promotionF. appealG. expandH. equalI. recognitionJ. threatenK. practiceCelebrity (名人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity 31 to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost
abandoned the 32 of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market 33 , moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy 34 fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to 35 their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer 36 . No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 37 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ace even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to
38 to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s (自我的) potential for expansion is 39 . Having already achieved great wealth and public 40 , many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ach blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many things happe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n when people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(n) 41 change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favour more long-term 42 and their social circle is reduced.Now, for what ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same 43 in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their 44 friends at the expense of other relationships.The researchers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social 45 of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps ’ 46 depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; 47 friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed 48 the other.When the scientist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s looked at the 49 of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another 50 seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of 51 gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.The observations h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave left the researchers 52 . According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 53 relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 54 the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.Robin Dunbar, a p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rofessor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the 55 social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said.41. A. physical ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. intellectual C. emotional D. functional 42. A. habits B. friends C. tasks D. ideas43. A. probl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )em B. obstacle C. struggle D. behaviour44. A. establ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ished B. respective C. experienced D. thoughtful45. A. skills ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. reputations C. interactions D. positions46. A. intelligen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce B. relationships C. popularity D. performances 47. A. easy-going ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. warm-hearted C. self-relying D. one-sided48. A. respect fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r B. courage to C. interest in D. loyalty to49. A. patterns B. importance C. meanings D. development 50. A. instinct ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. disadvantage C. feature D. belief51. A. respo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nsibility B. aggression C. reliability D. advancement 52. A. delighted B. amused C. relived D. puzzled53. A. unknown ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. positive C. insecure D. senseless 54. A. lack B. obtain C. imitate D. abandon55. A. absen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce from B. isolation from C. decrease in D. distinction inSection B Directions: Re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) Each day, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )10-year-old Seth asked his mom for more and more lunch money. Yet he seemed skinnier than ever and came home from school hungry. It turned out that Seth was handing his lunch money to fifth grader, who was threatening to beat him up if he didn’t pay. Most kids hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e been made fun of by a brother or a friend at some point. And it’s not usually harmful when done in a playful and friendly way, and both kids find it funny. But when teasing becomes hurtful, unkind, and constant, it crosses the line into bullying and needs to be stopped. Bullying is inte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntional torment (折磨) in physical or psychological ways. It can range from hitting, name-calling and threats to blackmailing (勒索) money and possessions. Some kids bully others by deliberately separating them and spreading rumours about them. Others use social media or electronic messaging to make fun of others or hurt their feelings. It’s importa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt to take bullying seriously and not just brush it off as something that kids have to tolerate. The effects can be serious and affect kids’ sense of safety and self-worth. In severe cases, bullying has contributed to tragedies, such as suicides and school shootings. Kids bully for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a variety of reasons. Sometimes they pick on kids because they need a victim—someone who seems emotionally or physically weaker, or just acts or appears different in some way—to feel more important, popular, or in control. Although some bullies are bigger or stronger than their victims, that’s not always the case. Sometimes kids b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ully others because that’s the way they’ve been treated. They may think their behavior is normal because they come from families or other settings where everyone regularly gets angry and shouts or calls each other names. Unless you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r child tells you about bullying—or has visible injuries—it can be difficult to figure out if it’s happening. 56. What is the author’s purpose of telling Seth’s story A. To int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roduce the topic of bullying. B. To seek help for the victims of bullying. C. To analyze the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cause of bullying. D. To display the effects of bullying on kids.57. What does the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hrase “brush it off” (in paragraph 4) probably mean A. Remove bullying. B. Ignore bullying. C. Avoid bullying. D. Punish bullying.58. According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e passage, which of the following about bullying is NOT true A. Bullying is accidental behaviors. B. Those who bully get emotional satisfaction. C. The weak are easy to be bullied. D. The experience of being bullied can lead to bullying. 59. What will the following paragraph most probably talk about A. Problems o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f bullying. B. Cause and effect of bullying. C. Signs o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f bullying. D. Psychological reasons of bullying. (B)Welcome to the on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )line Macmillan Dictionary of the BUZZWORD of the month.Word entry – JOMO JOMO is an acr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onym (首字母缩略词) standing for the expression ____________ , and it simply refers to the gratifying feeling you get when you break away from the (real or virtual) activities of your social group and spend time doing exactly what you most want to do.JOMO is often descr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ibed as a resist against the hyper-connected society we live in, where technology pushes both social and professional activity constantly in our faces, so that it’s virtually impossible to be happily unaware of what everyone else is doing. This often forces us into spending time in ways which we wouldn’t necessarily have chosen. JOMO then, is about stepping off the social fashion and reconnecting with what really makes us happy.Background – JOMOThe concept of JOMO f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irst appeared in 2012, its early use often credited to blogger Anil Dash who, having to withdraw from both on- and offline activity for a period after the birth of his son, realized that he’d enjoyed himself greatly and didn’t feel he’d missed out on anything at all.JOMO is a pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay on the earlier acronym , meaning “fear of missing out”, which is used to describe the feeling of anxiety that people experience when they discover, often via social media, that they’ve let go on a social event or other positive experience.The existence of expressions like JOMO suggest that, although we’re unlikely to resist technology completely, the more deeply we immerse (沉浸) in it, the more we’re beginning to evaluate its hold on us. Other newly created combined words reflecting this zeitgeist include ringxiety, the constant need to check your phone or mistakenly thinking it’s ringing, phubbing, the related condition of being impolite in social situations by checking your phone, tablet, etc., and infobesity, continuous addiction to digital information in a way which affects your ability to concentrate.60. Which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following phrases can be put in the blank (in the 4th line) A. Just Opposite My Opinion B. Joy of Missing Out C. Jump off Menta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l Obstacle D. Justify Our Main Objective61. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the passage, which of the following is a state of JOMO A. You are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) busy with a report, so you don’t have to attend a staff meeting. B. You are not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )feeling well, so you are allowed to leave the work earlier. C. You rece ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ived a dinner party invitation, but you preferred to stay home. D. You were tired ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out after work, but you heard your favorite song on the radio. 62. The word “ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )zeitgeist” (in the last paragraph) probably refers to ______. A. a mixed or unfavorable feeling toward technology B. a trend to use new words related to technologyC. the fear of negative influence of technology on peopleD. the lack of ability to use technology properly(C)Once upon a tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, science fiction was just a style among other styles. There were crime stories, there were horror stories, there was literary fiction, and there was science fiction. But today science themes dominate these other styles. It’s difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or “serious” fiction that doesn’t involve science.And it’s not just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )books. With every second movie and computer game having a sci-fi element, science fiction seems to have controlled our entire entertainment culture. It’s clear that if we want to define science fiction, we should relate it to the role that science plays in our lives. Although some exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose. One of the features that set industrial societies apart from other kinds was the increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods, which were transported by trains, motor vehicles and ships all over the world. Cities were built on the back of technology, with electricity in homes and hospitals helping everyone to lead healthier, more convenient lives. All of these changes had great effects not only on people’s real lives, but on their imaginative ones.Writers began to desc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ribe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially young readers, who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create.But sci-fiction r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eflected fears about science more than it did hopes. These typical early science fiction novels might be a UK novel like H.G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds (1897). With great skill, Wells played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization –that of men from Mars.The science fiction ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental challenges, while it is less concerned with “little green men from Mars” and other themes of past sci-fiction.Given that scien ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce, technology and politics are always intertwined, contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power. Many recent novels – like American Cory Doctorow’s Little Brother (2008) – are concerned with government and security service “conspiracies (阴谋)” against the people, particularly as the revelations of whistleblowers like Edward Snowden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a “skeptical (怀疑的)” feel.This underlines on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of the features that remains constant between the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today.As then, so n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow: We want to read about how fearful the future will be, not how it will be a paradise.63. According to the first paragraph, we know that ______. A. science fiction used to take the leadership in literature B. horror story and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) literary fiction have initiated science fiction C. modern fiction reflects the influence of science fiction D. science ficti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on is the dominant literature style at present time64. What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century A. The curiosity of young readers about the future. B. The changes that the industrial revolution brought about. C. People’s stretched imagination affected by their real life. D. People’s fears about science rather than hopes. 65. According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )passage, what do we know about the early science fiction A. It aroused people’s curiosity of science on daily life. B. It intensified people’s worries about the social problems. C. It promoted peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le’s understanding of the true value of science. D. It conveyed an atmosphere of imaginary anxieties to people.66. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage A. Despite the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ontent, the theme of science fiction remains the same. B. The fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar of outer space attack has long been a worry among people of times. C. The appearanc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of science fiction has caused misunderstanding among people. D. Science ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fiction is weakening government power implemented on people.Section C Directions: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. It’s the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inner self born in our mind that is keeping us under control. B. Furthermore, if we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand.C. As a matter of f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )act, people sometimes fail to understand who they are and where they are going.D. For the most of us, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it’s other people — society, colleagues, friends, family or our community.E. I think th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere’s only one way — make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think.F. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to.Who’s in control of yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur life Who’s pulling your strings 67 We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry (模仿), their passions a quotation.”So when people tell u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug — we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. 68 Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix (成瘾物), we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.But just as with any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom — the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own schedule and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they’re more interested in themselves than in you. 69 Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process.So how can we take ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck control 70 We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values — not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.These days, it’s n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures, office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks. It’s becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult. What lies ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) behind the phenomenon One is about adults’ nostalgia (怀旧的) for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today’s fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio-controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted. Society traditi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity (不成熟) and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly (异常) that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers. From the standpoi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society’s acceptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor work opportunities. V. Translation Directions: Translate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 天气这么好，周六去植物园野餐好吗？ (Why not…) 73. 我现在比以前挣得多了，每月支付日常开销后还能存一些钱。(make) 74. 我外婆眼力不济了，看不了太小的字，需要一部适合老年人的手机。(suitable)75. 获得粉丝大量点赞后他感概万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。(can’t help)VI. Guided Writing Directions: Write a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是李华，你们学校将为学生开设 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加。课程包括“文学欣赏”(Literature Appreciation)、 “厨艺” (Cooking Skills) 和“野外生存” (Wilderness Survival Skills)。你在英国留学的表哥Wilson很关心你这次课程的选择。请你写E-mail给他，说说你选择的结果，并简要谈谈这你样选择的理由。
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进门小练笔On the mornin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g of September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson, who is blind, went early to his office on the 78th floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting. As Michael worked, his guide dog, a Labrador retriever _____21_____(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m., a tremendous boom rocked the building, eliciting screams throughout the floor. Michael grabbed Roselle, trusting that the dog _____22_____ (lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.“Forward,” M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ichael instructed, and they descended the first of 1,463 steps to the lobby. _____23_____about ten floors, the stairwell grew crowded and hot, and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a woman became crazy, yelling that they wouldn’t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman _____24_____ she finally petted the dog, calmed herself, and kept walking down the stairs.Around the 30th floor, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) firefighters started passing Michael on their way up. Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, _____25_____ (provide) many of the firefighters with _____26_____ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inutes, Michael and Roselle reached _____27_____booby, and 15 minutes later, they emerged outside to a scene of chaos. Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as the South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a tigh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t grip on Roselle’s harness, using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumbling tower. The street bounced like a trampoline, and “a deafening roar” like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours late, Michael and Roselle made it home safely. At that moment, they thought they were _____28_____ (lucky) in the world.In the months th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at followed, Michael became a spokesperson for Guide Dogs for the Blind, the organization by which Roselle _____29_____(train). Together, they spread their message about trust and teamwork.In 2004, Roselle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )developed a blood disorder, _____30_____ prevented her from guiding and touring. She died in 2011.“I’ve had many othe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r dogs,” Michael wrote, “but there is only one Roselle.”21. named 解析：name作及物动词表“给…命名”，此处表示“名字叫做”，非谓语表示被动，用过去分词形式22. would lead 解析 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：所给动词在从句中作谓语，主句谓语动词rocked是一般过去时，从句应是和过去相关的时态，又由句意知“相信狗会脱离危险”，有将来含义，故用过去将来时23. after 解析：根据句意知此处表示“在大约十层楼之后”，作状语，故用After24. until 解析：根据句意知“Roselle陪伴着那个女人知道她抚摸到她的狗”，时间状语，用until引导25. providing 解析：此处作非谓语使用，动词provide和逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式26. what 解析：空 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )格后有would be作谓语，表明此处有从句，with是介词，故而是宾语从句，名词性从句缺少主语，表示物，所以用连接代词what27. the 解析：此处特指前文已经出现过的lobby，故而用定冠词the28. the luckiest 解析：空格后有范围in the world,根据句意知“他们认为他们是世界上最幸运的”，故而用最高级29. had been t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rained 解析：由by which知此处是定语从句，空格处是谓语；根据句意Roselle是被该组织训练，所以空格处用被动语态；“被训练”这个动作发生于became之前，“过去的过去”，故而用过去完成时的被动30. which 解析：空格 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后有谓语动词和宾语，表明此处有从句，空格前是名词和逗号，所以此处为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故而用which指代先行词a blood disorder。课堂导入素材源：news.sky（原文有删改)https://news.sky.com/story/lessons-in-love-classes-on-romance-growing-in-popularity-in-china-11894890 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / ) VocabularyDirections: Complete ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.imbalance B. initia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tive C. subsequent D. odds E. instincts F. emotions G. tricky H. naturally I. opposite J. closely K. demonstrationThis is toda ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y's lesson: "Remember, excitement decides the quality of your love… Without excitement you cannot have love."A lecture in love - but one that is on the curriculum.At least nin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e universities in China offer courses like this one on relationships, and they're getting more popular.Romance is ____1____ in China, for a number of reasons. But especially for men. Last year there were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) nearly 32 more million men than women in the country. As a result, men looking for heterosexual relationships are up against the __2______."They have limit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed knowledge about love and marriage. So through teacher and university, we give a live ____3____ to students, so they can know what a good marriage is."We give them the mot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ivation and teach them skills: how to communicate with others, how to get along with the ___4_____sex, what you should pay attention to in love."Li estimates a third ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of his students take _____5___ to the lessons - which include field trips boating on the lake.The rest of them "n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eed more work. They need someone to push them. I'm the pusher. I must use all kinds of ways to excite their____6______".One single male stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt tells us after class that the lessons are being put into practise: "I find that after his class, I knew more girls around me and we can get on_____7___."I know more ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out their thinking, their ____8_____ and their opinions."Most people spen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d their teenage years in intense preparation for the gaokao exam, which decides your university and _______9____ career, and doesn't leave much time for socialising.It's a society-wide problem.China's massive gender ____10_____ matters.It means more lonely, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )frustrated men. And it can lead to social instability, distortions in the work force and even increased human trafficking across borders.【词汇讲解】initiative n.a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem倡议；新措施例：The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides.和平倡议受到了双方的欢迎。n.the ability to us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e your judgment to make decisions and do things without needing to be told what to do主动性；自主决断行事的能力例：Although she was quite ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) young, she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to manager after a year.她虽然很年轻，但工作积极主动，一年后就被提拔为经理。demonstrationn.the act of showing som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eone how to do something, or how something works演示，示范例：Let me give you a demonstration of how the camera works.让我来给你演示一下照相机的工作原理。distort v.to change something ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from its usual, original, natural, or intended meaning, condition, or shape扭曲；使变形；歪曲例：My original statement has been completely distorted by the media.我最初的说法被媒体彻底歪曲了。curriculum n.the subjects studied i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a school, college, etc. and what each subject includes课程例：the school curriculum学校课程intenseadj.extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong强烈的，极度的例：He suddenly felt an intense pain in his back.他突然觉得背部一阵剧痛。trafficv.to buy and sell goods illegally非法交易例：They were arrested fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r trafficking in the eggs of protected species of birds.他们因非法交易国家保护鸟类所产的蛋而被捕。socialize v.to spend time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) when you are not working with friends or with other people in order to enjoy yourself参加社交活动，交际例：I tend not to socialize with my colleagues.我不想与我的同事交往过多。subsequent adj.happening after something else随后的，接着的例：The book discusses his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) illness and subsequent resignation from politics.书中讲述了他患病及随后隐退政坛的事。【参考答案】1-5 GDKIH 6-10 BJFCA【答案详解】该题需要一个形容词，根据意思在中国，谈恋爱不简单，原因有很多。尤其是对男性而言。所以选择G。该题需要一个名词，根据意思去年全国男性比女性多出近3200万。因此，找对象的男性拼的就是成功率。所以选择D。该题需要一个名词，根据意思他们对爱情 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和婚姻的了解有限。所以通过老师和大学，我们给学生做了一个现场演示，让他们知道什么是好的婚姻。所以选择K。该题需要一个形容词，是异性的意思，所以选择I。该题需要一个副词，因为整个句子不缺成分，根据意思据李估计，他的学生中有三分之一很自然地喜欢上了这门课，包括湖上划船。所以选择H。该题需要一个名词，根据意思我要用各种方法来调动他们的积极性。”所以选择B。该题需要一个副词，因为整个句子不缺成分，根据意思我发现，在他的课下，我认识了更多的女生，我们可以进一步相处。所以选择J。该题需要一个名词，根据意思我更了解她们的想法、情感和观点。所以选择F。该题需要一个形容词，根据意思们中的大多数人在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )青少年时期都在紧张地准备高考，而高考决定了你的大学和未来的职业，他们没有太多的时间用于社交。所以选择C。该题需要一个名词，根据意思中国巨大的性别失衡是一个问题。所以选择A。精讲精练知识点一（考纲词汇J-K重点词汇梳理）【考纲词汇J-K重点词汇梳理】Jjam vt.使堵塞；使塞满； be ~me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in a crowded bus n be caught in a traffic ~遇到交通堵塞jealous adj. be ~ of sb / one’s successjob a part-time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )job/a nine-to-five job/make a good job of sth把某事做好/on the job工作时上班时/out of job失业join v. ~ the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )army / the club, be ~ed to 连接The plumber joined this pipe to a new onejoint n. finger ~ adj. a ~ effort共同努力 a ~ venture合资企业joke n play a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )~ / trick onsb, make a ~ about = ~ about拿…开玩笑 vi. ~ with sb about sthjournal n. 期刊，杂志，日志journey n make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ go on / be on / take a ~ to sp去某地旅行 vi ~ to the ends of the earthjudge vt ~ sb /sth, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ~ a man by his appearance, vi. Judging from/by…, n.法官，裁判员； judgment pass ~on a man of sound judgment 判断力很强的人jump vi ~ with joy ~ to a conclusion 匆匆得出结论 vt. ~the queue插队 n high/long ~ 跳高/远 junior adj be ~ t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o sb by 2 years比我轻2岁 ~ / senior / superior / inferior to jury n.[法] 陪审团；评判委员 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )会a.be on the ~ b. The ~ will announce the winners of the contest.justice a strong sense of justice强烈的正义感 bring someone to justicejustify 为--- 辩解 Ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w can you justify your rude behavior /We can’t justify spending any more money on this project.Kkeen adj敏锐的，敏捷的；渴望的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；强烈的；热心的；锐利的be ~ on /to do /that a ~ sense of smell, . a ~ sense of responsibility keep v ~ sb waiting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) / informed of, ~ the door open, ~ away (sb /sth) from, ~ back tears, keeper 看守人key n. ~ to the do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or / exercise / success / developing a country, adj. ~ schools kick v./n. 踢 ~ a habit 戒除习惯（非正式）kidnap v. 诱拐（小孩等），绑架kill vt~ time, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )~ oneself / commit suicide / take one’s own life, ~ two birds with one stone cf: murder / assassinate 暗杀kind adj be so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )~ as / ~ enough to do n. the longest bridge of its ~, ~ of tired 有点疲劳knee n go / be (down) on his ~s kneel vi. ~ down 跪下，跪着knock v. ~ sb down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), ~ down an old house / the prices, ~ at the door / on the window know v. ~ sb by name / by sight, be known to sb / for / as, ~ better than to do 很清楚不至于无知到做某事, ~ about / of knowledge n acquire ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ obtain ~, to (the best of )one’s ~ 就某人所知, be knowledgeable about 知识渊博的知识点二（议论文写作）话题类议论文写作1Guided Writing：Directions: Write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.在充斥着各种电子产品的信息时代，有些人很看好科技公司的发展而有些却不。你认为科技公司成功的关键是什么？请谈谈你的看法并举例说明。【范文】At the dawn of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )information age, the rising of electronic appliances has given many tech companies an edge in the global market. However, the tide doesn’t necessarily raise all boats. Those companies who cannot cater to the majority’s needs will be easily knocked out. As far as I’m concerned, two key qualities matter a lot. First and for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emost, innovation is undeniably of prime significance to the success of a tech company. Apparently, innovative skills exclusive to a company may determine its irreplaceable position in the field. It is also a combination of keeping pace with the times and constantly challenging itself, which helps to grab and retain target customers’ attention. Apart from innovation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), it can be the culture that cultivates its customers’ as well as employees’ loyalty. For instance, Huawei boasts its customer-oriented attitudes and diligence in transforming itself from a local business to a global brand. It’s no exaggeration to say that only if a tech company occupies a decent culture can it foster its employees’ sense of belonging, sense of responsibility and sense of honor, thus the ultimate improved customer experience. In the final analysi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, a tech company’s success may not depend on its products so much as its innovation and distinctive company culture. Therefore, it’s high time that companies should at least remember that once involved, one is sure to evolve. (226ws)【赏析】结构：典型的“三段式”。第一段介绍时代背景和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )趋势，引出作文的话题，进而表达观点。第二段和第三段分别围绕观点表达分论点并围绕其阐述理由。最后一段为总结段，总结了第一段的观点和中间两段的分论点，并提出呼吁。内容：均符合题目要求，且论述合理。语言：过渡衔接自然。词语：衔接词“analysis”标出；高频词：1. caterv. 迎合5. exclusivea. 独有的，专有的2. undeniablyadv. 不可否认地6. irreplaceablea．不可替代的3. apparentlyadv. 显然，明显地7. ultimatea. 最终的，最后的4. grabv. 抓住8. distinctivea. 具有特色的词组或短语：at the dawn of在…的开始give … an edge 给…优势be knocked out被挤出局be of prime significance最重要的not … so much as …与其说…不如说…keep pace with the times与时俱进sense of honor荣誉感句型：the tide doesn’t necessarily raise all boats.…并不是对所有…都带来好处。It’s no exaggeration to say …毫不夸张地说，…Those companies who… can easily be…who引导定语从句It can be… that …强调句It’s high time that …是做某事的紧要时候了。Once involved, one is sure to evolve.一旦加入，一个人（一家公司）一定要成长。only if… can …only 的部分倒装句话题类议论文写作2 随着互联网及社交网络的发展，关于明星私生活的报道司空见惯。请写一篇文章表达你对这一问题的看法，你的文章必须包括：你是否赞同在网络上曝光明星的私生活；用理由或具体的事例来支持你的观点。The 21st century has w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itnessed more remarkable advances in technology and social network than any time before. This, undoubtedly, gives rise to the overwhelming reports on stars’ private life for the mere purpose of seeking laughingstock for our common life. From my point of view, it’s not desirable to bring stars’ private life to spotlight with the following reasons.First and for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emost, exposure of others’ privacy goes against what we assume everyone enjoys. Public figures as they are, stars still possess the fundamental right of privacy to keep their potentially inglorious side internalized. Additionally, negative and ill-intentioned reports will take an enormous toll on both their family and career. Once unfavorable comments initiate, needless to say, the disaster caused by Internet will follow in its wake. As a result, all their previous efforts may be wasted overnight and all their hopes will come to nothing. From what is demonst ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rated above, we cannot attach too much importance to allowing room for stars’ privacy. On no account should we base our delight on others’ reluctance. Keep in mind that it’s not what others do and say but your own behavior that really matters.话题类议论文写作3 某英语杂志社正在举行征稿活 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动，主题为；“梦想点亮人生Dream Lightens Life”。请你用英语写一篇小短文，向该杂志社投稿。要点如下：你的梦想是什么？阐述拥有梦想如何点亮人生，是你的生活变得不同；你认为实现梦想需要什么。Dream Lightens LifeSpotted with ups an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d downs and twists and turns, our life is therefore twinkling with beams of light. Then what is the reason It is dreams that may partly account for it. What light is to a dark night, dream is to our supposedly plain life. As for me, my dream is nothing but to be happy, happy enough to assure myself that every day spent is rewarding and instructive.I benefit a lot from m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y dream. Every time I challenge myself to complete a seemingly impossible task and manage to work it out, I will feel uplifted from the bottom of my heart. As a result, I hardly bear the assumption that there is anything I can never deal with, painstaking though it is. Additionally, dream can favorably better my attitudes toward life. For example, sometimes when I am in low spirits, my dream will pop into my mind to convince me not to waste time complaining about what has happened but to fully utilize remaining time to adjust myself to what will happen.However, on the way ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of fulfilling my dream, there are sure to be some obstacles. The key factors to get rid of them, personally, are perseverance, flexible ability to regulate the mindset and the sharp observation to look for beauty. In the first place, perseverance is the fuel for your procession. Only by persisting in your dream and keeping on striving for it can you render it become a habit and a daily routine to you. Then the capacity of adjustment is also an indispensable part, which will constantly ensure you the sweetness of escaping from sorrow and balancing your state. Being ready to find beauty, above all, is an addition of pleasure in the event of boredom or trouble. Different as our dream are, chances are that everyone has a burning desire to make it come true. Therefore, everyone should spare no pains, no trouble and no expense to scale his or her new heights and step into a brand new prospect. 当堂检测一：相关翻译2021宝山一模72. 他在整理书籍时发现了一本旧日记。(run) 73. 过度使用手机会对我们的身体造成不良影响。(impact) 74．不可否认这种疾病的危害性已经引起了公众的广泛关注和高度重视。(There) 75. 你希望同学怎么对待你，你就怎么对待他们。无论相交深浅，都应尊重他们。(Whatever ) 答案72.He ran across an old dairy while sorting out the books. 73.Overuse of m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )obile/cell phones can have /make a negative/bad impact on our health. 74.There is no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) denying that the harmfulness of this disease has aroused/brought widespread concern/ attention. 75.Treat your classma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tes like you’d like/want to be treated/ Treat your classmates as you want them to. Whatever your relationship/depth of the relationship is, treat them with respect/they should be respected. 二：作文训练现在上网阅读的人越来越多，人们可以更快地从网上读到新闻，找到他们所需要的信息或下载文学作品。你认为网络是否能最终代替书刊报纸？举例说明你的理由。【参考范文】Despite the fact tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t an increasing number of people are choosing to read online, where they can read the latest news, find what they need or download literary works quickly and for free, I hold a firm belief that never will the Internet take the place of printed books, newspapers and magazines with the following reasons.To begin with, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Internet is often misleading. Information filling the Internet, not all is good for us. Some are violent. Some, in the name of free speech, say irresponsible things. Others feature incorrect information for research. Consequently, we can’t easily tell right from wrong. Furthermore, nobody i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s going to round off a whole book on a computer screen and long- time focus on the screen is also bad for our eyes. It is better and convenient to take those books and magazines, along with notes, on a table at home or in the library. In our daily ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )life, bookstores keeping emerging are the very proof that printed books will never be replaced with the Internet. Whenever you enter a library or a bookstore, you can find people of all ages absorbed in reading, which creates an atmosphere you can never experience before a computer screen. In brief, popular ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as online reading is, traditional reading is sure to stand the test of time. (220words)温故知新II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: Af ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Everywhere I look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) outside my home I see people busy on their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shopping, even sitting in toilets. (21) ______ connected electronically, they are away from physical reality.People (22) ______ (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people (23) ______ (describe) their relationship to iPad and similar devices. One study found that people had a harder time
(24) ______ (resist) the temptation of social media than they did for sleep, cigarettes and alcohol.The main goal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of technology companies is to get people to spend more money and time on their products, not to actually improve our quality of life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see people (25) ______ (trap) in a pathological (病态的) relationship with time-consuming technology, (26) ______ they serve technology more than technology serves them. I call this technology servitude (奴役). I am referring to a loss of personal freedom and independence (27) ______ ______ uncontrolled consumption of many kinds of devices that eat up time and money.What is a healthy u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se of technology devices That is the vital question. Who is really in charge of my life That is what we need to ask (28) ______ if we are to have any chance of breaking up false beliefs about the use of technology. When we can live happily without using so much technology for a day or a week, then we can regain control and personal freedom, become the master of technology and discover what there is to enjoy in life free of technology. Mae West is famous for the wisdom that “too much of a good thing is wonderful.” (29) ______ it’s time to discover that it does not work for technology.Richard Ferna ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndez, an executive coach at Google acknowledged that “we can be swept away by our technologies.” To break the grand digital connection, people must consider (30) ______ life long ago could be fantastic without today’s overused technology.Section B Directions: Fill ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentialB. limitlessC. attachedD. initialE. promotionF. appealG. expandH. equalI. recognitionJ. threatenK. practiceCelebrity (名人) has be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )come one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity 31 to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost
abandoned the 32 of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market 33 , moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy 34 fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to 35 their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uccess story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer 36 . No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 37 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebritie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to
38 to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s (自我的) potential for expansion is 39 . Having already achieved great wealth and public 40 , many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ach blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many things happen whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n people are ageing. Apart from the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(n) 41 change which comes with older age. When humans reach their later years, they favour more long-term 42 and their social circle is reduced.Now, for what app ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same 43 in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that older males choose to keep contact with their 44 friends at the expense of other relationships.The researchers st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social 45 of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps ’ 46 depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; 47 friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed 48 the other.When the scien ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tists looked at the 49 of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another 50 seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of 51 gradually become less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to threaten others in their group less often.The observat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions have left the researchers 52 . According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, older humans prefer more 53 relationships because they are aware that time is running out. However many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 54 the human sense of mortality (死亡), suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.Robin Dunbar, a prof ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )essor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the 55 social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity. In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal (互惠的) relationships with trusted partners, he said.41. A. physical ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. intellectual C. emotional D. functional 42. A. habits ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. friends C. tasks D. ideas43. A. problem B. obstacle C. struggle D. behaviour44. A. established ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. respective C. experienced D. thoughtful45. A. skills ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. reputations C. interactions D. positions46. A. intell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )igence B. relationships C. popularity D. performances 47. A. easy-going ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. warm-hearted C. self-relying D. one-sided48. A. respect for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. courage to C. interest in D. loyalty to49. A. pattern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s B. importance C. meanings D. development 50. A. instinct B. disadvantage C. feature D. belief51. A. responsib ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ility B. aggression C. reliability D. advancement 52. A. delighted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. amused C. relived D. puzzled53. A. unkno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn B. positive C. insecure D. senseless 54. A. lack ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. obtain C. imitate D. abandon55. A. absence f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom B. isolation from C. decrease in D. distinction inSection B Directions: Read th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) Each day, 10-y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear-old Seth asked his mom for more and more lunch money. Yet he seemed skinnier than ever and came home from school hungry. It turned out that Seth was handing his lunch money to fifth grader, who was threatening to beat him up if he didn’t pay. Most kids ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have been made fun of by a brother or a friend at some point. And it’s not usually harmful when done in a playful and friendly way, and both kids find it funny. But when teasing becomes hurtful, unkind, and constant, it crosses the line into bullying and needs to be stopped. Bullying is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )intentional torment (折磨) in physical or psychological ways. It can range from hitting, name-calling and threats to blackmailing (勒索) money and possessions. Some kids bully others by deliberately separating them and spreading rumours about them. Others use social media or electronic messaging to make fun of others or hurt their feelings. It’s important to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) take bullying seriously and not just brush it off as something that kids have to tolerate. The effects can be serious and affect kids’ sense of safety and self-worth. In severe cases, bullying has contributed to tragedies, such as suicides and school shootings. Kids bully f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or a variety of reasons. Sometimes they pick on kids because they need a victim—someone who seems emotionally or physically weaker, or just acts or appears different in some way—to feel more important, popular, or in control. Although some bullies are bigger or stronger than their victims, that’s not always the case. Sometimes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kids bully others because that’s the way they’ve been treated. They may think their behavior is normal because they come from families or other settings where everyone regularly gets angry and shouts or calls each other names. Unless your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )child tells you about bullying—or has visible injuries—it can be difficult to figure out if it’s happening. 56. What is the author’s purpose of telling Seth’s story A. To introduce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the topic of bullying. B. To seek help for the victims of bullying. C. To analyze the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cause of bullying. D. To display the effects of bullying on kids.57. What does t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he phrase “brush it off” (in paragraph 4) probably mean A. Remove bullying. B. Ignore bullying. C. Avoid bullying. D. Punish bullying.58. According t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the passage, which of the following about bullying is NOT true A. Bullying is accidental behaviors. B. Those who bully get emotional satisfaction. C. The weak are easy to be bullied. D. The experience of being bullied can lead to bullying. 59. What will the following paragraph most probably talk about A. Problems of bull ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ying. B. Cause and effect of bullying. C. Signs of bullyi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng. D. Psychological reasons of bullying. (B)Welcome to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he online Macmillan Dictionary of the BUZZWORD of the month.Word entry – JOMO JOMO is an acronym ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )首字母缩略词) standing for the expression ____________ , and it simply refers to the gratifying feeling you get when you break away from the (real or virtual) activities of your social group and spend time doing exactly what you most want to do.JOMO is often d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )escribed as a resist against the hyper-connected society we live in, where technology pushes both social and professional activity constantly in our faces, so that it’s virtually impossible to be happily unaware of what everyone else is doing. This often forces us into spending time in ways which we wouldn’t necessarily have chosen. JOMO then, is about stepping off the social fashion and reconnecting with what really makes us happy.Background – JOMOThe concept of J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )OMO first appeared in 2012, its early use often credited to blogger Anil Dash who, having to withdraw from both on- and offline activity for a period after the birth of his son, realized that he’d enjoyed himself greatly and didn’t feel he’d missed out on anything at all.JOMO is a pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay on the earlier acronym , meaning “fear of missing out”, which is used to describe the feeling of anxiety that people experience when they discover, often via social media, that they’ve let go on a social event or other positive experience.The existence of expressions like JOMO suggest that, although we’re unlikely to resist technology completely, the more deeply we immerse (沉浸) in it, the more we’re beginning to evaluate its hold on us. Other newly created combined words reflecting this zeitgeist include ringxiety, the constant need to check your phone or mistakenly thinking it’s ringing, phubbing, the related condition of being impolite in social situations by checking your phone, tablet, etc., and infobesity, continuous addiction to digital information in a way which affects your ability to concentrate.60. Which of the follo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wing phrases can be put in the blank (in the 4th line) A. Just Opposite My Opinion B. Joy of Missing Out C. Jump off Men ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tal Obstacle D. Justify Our Main Objective61. According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) passage, which of the following is a state of JOMO A. You are busy wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th a report, so you don’t have to attend a staff meeting. B. You ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e not feeling well, so you are allowed to leave the work earlier. C. You re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceived a dinner party invitation, but you preferred to stay home. D. You were tired ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out after work, but you heard your favorite song on the radio. 62. The word “z ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eitgeist” (in the last paragraph) probably refers to ______. A. a mixed or unfavorable feeling toward technology B. a trend to use new words related to technologyC. the fear of negative influence of technology on peopleD. the lack of ability to use technology properly(C)Once upon a time, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cience fiction was just a style among other styles. There were crime stories, there were horror stories, there was literary fiction, and there was science fiction. But today science themes dominate these other styles. It’s difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or “serious” fiction that doesn’t involve science.And it’s not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) just books. With every second movie and computer game having a sci-fi element, science fiction seems to have controlled our entire entertainment culture. It’s clear that if we want to define science fiction, we should relate it to the role that science plays in our lives. Although some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) experts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose. One of the features that set industrial societies apart from other kinds was the increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods, which were transported by trains, motor vehicles and ships all over the world. Cities were built on the back of technology, with electricity in homes and hospitals helping everyone to lead healthier, more convenient lives. All of these changes had great effects not only on people’s real lives, but on their imaginative ones.Writers began t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o describe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially young readers, who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create.But sci-fiction ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reflected fears about science more than it did hopes. These typical early science fiction novels might be a UK novel like H.G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds (1897). With great skill, Wells played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization –that of men from Mars.The science fiction ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental challenges, while it is less concerned with “little green men from Mars” and other themes of past sci-fiction.Given that science ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), technology and politics are always intertwined, contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power. Many recent novels – like American Cory Doctorow’s Little Brother (2008) – are concerned with government and security service “conspiracies (阴谋)” against the people, particularly as the revelations of whistleblowers like Edward Snowden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a “skeptical (怀疑的)” feel.This underline ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s one of the features that remains constant between the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today.As then, so now: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )We want to read about how fearful the future will be, not how it will be a paradise.63. According to the first paragraph, we know that ______. A. science fiction used to take the leadership in literature B. horror stor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y and literary fiction have initiated science fiction C. modern fiction reflects the influence of science fiction D. science fictio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n is the dominant literature style at present time64. What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century A. The curiosity of young readers about the future. B. The changes that the industrial revolution brought about. C. People’s stretched imagination affected by their real life. D. People’s fears about science rather than hopes. 65. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the passage, what do we know about the early science fiction A. It aroused people’s curiosity of science on daily life. B. It intensified people’s worries about the social problems. C. It promoted peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple’s understanding of the true value of science. D. It conveyed an atmosphere of imaginary anxieties to people.66. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage A. Despite th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e content, the theme of science fiction remains the same. B. The fear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of outer space attack has long been a worry among people of times. C. The appe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arance of science fiction has caused misunderstanding among people. D. Science fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ction is weakening government power implemented on people.Section C Directions: Read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. It’s the inn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er self born in our mind that is keeping us under control. B. Furthermo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand.C. As a matt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of fact, people sometimes fail to understand who they are and where they are going.D. For the most of us, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it’s other people — society, colleagues, friends, family or our community.E. I think the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re’s only one way — make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think.F. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to.Who’s in contr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ol of your life Who’s pulling your strings 67 We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, “Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions, their lives a mimicry (模仿), their passions a quotation.”So when people tel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug — we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can. 68 Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix (成瘾物), we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval.But just as with an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom — the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own schedule and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they’re more interested in themselves than in you. 69 Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process.So how can we take b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ack control 70 We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values — not values imposed from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.IV. Summary Writing Directions: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.These days, it’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not unusual to see middle-aged men collecting Star Wars action figures, office workers wearing Hello Kitty accessories, or celebrities like David Beckham playing with Lego bricks. It’s becoming more and more common to see adult taking an interest in toys, comic books and the activities that are traditionally associated with children. This phenomenon has given rise to a new word: kidult. What lies ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) behind the phenomenon One is about adults’ nostalgia (怀旧的) for the carefree days of childhood, and this is especially true with today’s fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Another is about a societal change in recent decades where people are starting families later. As a result, they have more time and money to spend on themselves. Some adults could only window-shop for their dream toys when they were kids, but now they can afford that radio-controlled car or high-priced doll they have always wanted. Society tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aditionally disapproves of adults who refuse to put aside childhood interests, viewing the refusal as a sign of social immaturity (不成熟) and irresponsibility. Those who agree with this view sometimes claim that kidults are suffering from the pop-psychology concept known as Peter Pan Syndrome, an anomaly (异常) that people remain emotionally at the level of teenagers. From the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tandpoint of kidults, though, this phenomenon is seen as nothing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having youthful interests keeps them young, happy and creative, and their refusal to conform to society’s acceptable tastes shows independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part of the social trend of delayed adulthood is not purely a personal choice. The real causes include expensive housing, increased educational requirements for employment and poor work opportunities. V. Translation Directions: Tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nslate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 天气这么好，周六去植物园野餐好吗？ (Why not…) 73. 我现在比以前挣得多了，每月支付日常开销后还能存一些钱。(make) 74. 我外婆眼力不济了，看不了太小的字，需要一部适合老年人的手机。(suitable)75. 获得粉丝大量点赞后他感概万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。(can’t help)VI. Guided Writing Directions: Write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是李华，你们学校将为学生开设一系列 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加。课程包括“文学欣赏”(Literature Appreciation)、 “厨艺” (Cooking Skills) 和“野外生存” (Wilderness Survival Skills)。你在英国留学的表哥Wilson很关心你这次课程的选择。请你写E-mail给他，说说你选择的结果，并简要谈谈这你样选择的理由。II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 21. when 22. have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been influenced 23. to describe 24. resisting 25. trapped 26. Where 27. because ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of / thanks to / owing to 28. ourselves 29. But 30. how Section B31-40. CKAHG FDJB IIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A41-55 CBDAC BDCAC BDBAC Section B 56-59 ABAC 60-62 BCA 63-66 C BDASection C67-70. DFBEIV. Summary Writing（71）答题要点 (仅供参考)1. Kidult: adults who act like children (第一段)2. Causes: nos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )talgia for childhood life / societal change such as later family life （第二段）3. Criticized as an unacceptable behavior （第三段）4. It’s beneficial / society be responsible for the phenomenon (第四段)One Possible VersionKidults refe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r to adults who take up childhood interests. The growing phenomenon can be explained by their desire to recapture childhood pleasures and their ability to afford them because of delayed marriage. Though traditionally considered immature and irresponsible, kidults believe this harmless behavior, which benefits the individuals and shows their independent thinking, is due largely to social factors. （58 words）V. Translation 72. Why not go to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) botanic garden (1分) for a picnic this Saturday (1分) when we have such fine weather (1分)73. I’m makin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g more money now than before(1分), and I can save some money (1分) after paying the daily expenses every month (1分).74. My grandm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a’s eyesight is too poor to read small words, (2分) so she needs a mobile phone (1分) suitable for the elderly/ old people. (1分)75. After re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceiving a lot of praise from his fans (1分), he was filled with different emotions (1分) and couldn’t help crying out loud (1分) when he was recalling all kinds of hardships (1分) at the beginning of his business (1分).
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