It句型专练
1. We had to be patient. It ____ some time _____ we got the full results.
A. was, since B. was, before C. would be, since D. would be, before
2. Was it on her way home _____ she was robbed _____ her wallet
A. when, of B. that, of C. where, by D. that, off
3. It’s not _____ that you are tired; _____, you were up until eleven last night.
A. surprising, What’s more B. surprise , In fact
C. surprised , At the most D. surprising , After all
4. It will be a long time _____ he _____ back from Sidney.
A. when , will come B. after, will come C. since , come D. before , comes
5. It _______ we finished our homework last night.
A. was not until 10 when B. was until 10 that
C. was not until 10 that D. was at 10 when
6. It will take ________ to finish this course.
A. one and a half year’s time B. a year and a half’s time
C. a year and a half of time D. a year and a half time
7. It was until last year that he _________ .
A. left his home for anew start B. came to realize the importance of learning English
C. worked as an English teacher at a middle school D. set out to build a new house of his own
8. At that time , it was not _______ now.
A. as easy as to find a job B. so easy to find a job as
C. as easy as it is to find a job D. so easy to find a job as it is
9. It wasn’t _______ their own good that they did all this.
A. because B. because of C. only D. for
10.It is requested that you ______ be present at the meeting tomorrow .
A. must B. should C. can D. need
11. Was it in Shanghai _______ you first met him
A. where B. which C. that D. in which
12. Isn’t _______ rude _____ him to talk to his teacher like that
A. that , for B. he , of C. it , for D. it , of
13. It was in the house ______ he used to live ______ the exhibition was held.
A. that, that B. that , which C. where , that D. which , that
14. It was _______ failed the exam.
A. his illness that he B. because his illness which
C. because of his illness so he D. because of his illness that he
15. It seemed only seconds ______ the boy finished washing his face.
A. when B. after C. before D. till
16. It was not until ______ that ______ to prepare her lessons.
A. did her mother come in , the girl began B. her mother came in , the girl began
C. did her mother come in , did the girl begin D. her mother came in , did the girl begin
17. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey .
A. while B. that C. if D. for
18. Is it six years _____ you began to study English
a. that B. when C. since D. before
19. _______ is said that he has been to many places in the United States .
A. This B. He C. It D. That
20 Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time
A. this B. that C. he D. it
21. ----- Were all the people in the bus injured in the accident
----- No, _______ only four passengers who got hurt.
A. it were B. it was C. that was D. there was
22. We all thought ______ no use doing that.
A. it B. that C. this D. there
23. It was not long _______ he wrote us a letter of thanks.
A. after B. before C. since D. until
24. It’s the first time that she has been to the United States , _______
A. isn’t she B. isn’t it C. hasn’t she D. hasn’t it
25. It’s time we _________ home.
A. go B. would go C. gone D. went
26. It was in 1921 _________ our Party was founded.
A. when B. which C. in which D. that
27. It’s difficult _______ me to answer this question .
A. for B. of C. with D. about
28. When was _______ that you saw her last
A. that B. this C. it D. there
29. ----- What was the party like
----- Wonderful. It’s years _______ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. that B. before C. when D. since
30. That is the third time he _______ there, so he knows very well the change of the city.
A. has been B. had been C. has gone D. had gone
31. It was on the train ______ the thief stole the gold ring which Tom had just bought for his wife.
A. where B. that C. which D. when
32. ----- The house looks terrible !
----- Yes, it is . I was told that it was at least ten years since it ______.
A. had painted B. painted C. had been painted D. was painting
33. ----- Do you know our town at all
----- No, this is the first time I ______ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
34. It is _______ that ______ Frenchman cannot speak ______ French language.
A. surprise , a , I B. surprised , the , / C. surprising , a , the D. surprisement , / , a
35.It was twelve o’clock ______ they finished the work.
A. when B. at which C. that D. since
36.It was 10 years ______ things returned to normal.
A. before B. after C. since D. that
37. Is it Shakespeare theatre ______ you are going to watch " The Merchant of Venice"
A. that B. where C. which D. as
38. It will _______ the workers one year to build the hospital .
A. bring B. take C. use D. spend
39. It was difficult _______ the poor to _________ living before liberation.
A. of , do B. for , work C. to , find D. for , make
40. It seems such a pity that you _______- have to spend the day at the hotel.
A. would B. could C. might D. should
41. It _______ to me that they would come over to see us.
A. seems B. happened C. appeared D. looked
42. It is well known ______ a person eats causes changes in the body.
A. what B. hat what and when C. that D. when
43. It was certain ______ Li Ping would pass the exam.
A. that B. what C. how D. why
44. It will be months _______ we _______ again.
A. when , will meet B. that , meet C. since , will meet D. before , meet
45. It was careful ______ you ______ the secret to others.
A. for, not let out B. of , to have not let out
C. with , to not let out D. of , not to let out
46. Who was it _______ called this morning
A. that B. who C. when D. which
47. Excuse me, but _______ you suggest
A. what is exactly B. is it exactly that C. what is it exactly that D. what is it exactly
48. It was Fangfang and her husband who sent the old man to the hospital, _______
A. do they B. didn’t they C. wasn’t it D. was it
49. _________ who helped the old man several days ago.
A. It was my friend and I B. It were my friend and me
C. This was my friend and I D. That was my friend and I
50. It is certain __________ he has done will benefit the mankind.
A. that B. that that C. what D. what that
51. I really don’t know what it is _______ has made him so angry.
A. that B. which C. who D. why
52. ----- How long had you been in the factory since you graduated from Fudan University
----- It _______ about nine years since then.
A. is B. has been C. had been D. was
53. It ____ a good dog _____ catches everything.
A. was , that B. is , which C. has been , when D. is , that
54. It was midnight ______ I came back from work yesterday .
A. when B. that C. and D. until
55. It is no longer a question now ______ man can land on the moon .
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
56. I feel it necessary ______ yesterday’s meeting.
A. of you to be present at B. for you to join
C. that you attend D. that you have attended
57. I find _______ my duty to help others.
A. that B. it C. this D. one
58. Don’t you think ___________ necessary to learn the text by heart
A. it B. this C. that D. /
59. She felt it an honour to ________ part in the work.
A. be taken B. have taken C. have been taking D. have been taken
60. She thought it an honour for her ________.
A. to be invited B. to have been invited
C. having been invited D. to have invited
61. I don’t think ______ any good _____ all your money in the bank.
A. it ; put in B. that ; put in C. it ; putting in D. this ; putting in
62. It is said that the book sells well. And many people think ______ worth buying.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
63. ----- Was the job difficult ----- Not at all. I found _________.
A. was easy to do it B. it very easy for doing
C. very easy to do it D . it very easy to be done
64. I’ll make ________ to all that he was once a thief.
A. known B. knew C. them known D. it known
65. I don’t think ______ will be long _____ this new invention is put into use in our daily life.
A. that; it B. it; when C. that; before D. it; before
66. Joan had often heard ______ said that Marley had no money.
A. ones B. another C. it D. this
67. I don’t think ______possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
( MET 90 )
A. this B. that C. its D. itWarming up and reading
Teaching aims:
1. Learn the issues that the young people are concerned about
2. Enable the Ss to learn how to give advice on stopping smoking.
3. To talk about the importance of health and the harmful effects of smoking
4.To solve the problems and difficulties they meet in understanding the text by cooperation.
Teaching methods:
Discussion, cooperative learning and oral practice.
Teaching procedures:
I. Warming up
1.some idioms about health.
2. What health issues do you think concern young people the most (This step is to lead the students to the topic of this unit ―― A healthy life)
A sample list:
Cigarette smoking Drinking alcohol Drug taking Diet Physical fitness
Sexual health Stress AIDS and infections Cancer Anxiety and so on
3. What’s a healthy person like
A truly healthy person should be healthy in body and mind
A healthy life should include physical and mental health.
4. Show some pictures on the computer
Directions:
Looking at the following pictures. What are they doing Which are healthy activities while which are unhealthy activities
(Ask the students to describe the pictures using their own words)
Straightforward description:
Picture one: They are Singing. Healthy
Picture two: They are Dancing. Healthy
Picture three: They are Playing basketball. Healthy
Picture four: They are Doing Taiji. Healthy
Picture five: They are Drinking alcohol. Healthy
Picture six: They are Eating too much. Unhealthy
Picture seven: They are Smoking, coughing. Unhealthy
II Pre-reading (discussion)
1. Have you ever smoked If you have, have you ever tried to stop
2. Why do you think some adolescents start smoking
Possible answer:
Some adolescents start smoking because they are falsely influenced by some media. Some think it’s cool. Maybe some want to lighten some stress.
3. In what ways is smoking harmful
Mentally and healthily.
4. What advice would you give to someone when wanted to stop smoking
Possible answer:
Let them get interested in some positive hobbies like sports, playing music, reading, playing chess and so on.
III. Reading
Step1. Predicting:
Read the title of the text and the headings and find out:
1. Who wrote the letter
2. What is the purpose of the letter
Step2. Skimming
Read and check the answers to the two questions.
Step3. Listen to the tape and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
A. The writer leads to the topic of the letter by talking about James’ problem of smoking.
B. Introducing some different ways of becoming addicted.
C. Telling the writer’s hope for his grandson and advice on stopping smoking.
D. Telling the harmful effects of smoking.
E. From the life the writer is leading now, we can know the importance of healthy life.
Keys: 2—A 3----B 5-----C 4-----D 1-----E
Step 4. Detail reading
1. List the details under the following subtitles.
a.The ways to become addicted to cigarettes
b.The harmful effects of smoking
c.Suggestions to quit smoking
The ways to become addicted to cigarettes
1).Become physically addicted to nicotine
2).Become addicted through habit
3).Become mentally addicted
The harmful effects of smoking
1). Do terrible damage to your heart and lungs
2). Have difficulty in becoming pregnant
3). Affect the health of non-smokers
4). Smell terrible
5). Have the ends of the fingers turn yellow
6). Be unable to run fast
Suggestions to quit smoking
1). Prepare yourself
2). Be determined
3). Break the habit
4). Relax
5). Get help If you need it
6). Keep trying
Step5 Discussion
Situation 1: Suppose you are a teacher, how will you persuade your students to quit smoking.
Situation 2: Suppose your teacher is a smoker, how will you persuade him to quit smoking.
Situation 3: Suppose you are a father, how will you persuade your son to quit smoking.
Situation 4: Suppose your father is a smoker, how will you persuade him to quit smoking.
Step6. role-play
A: Someone who gets addicted to smoking.
B: One of A’s family members or friends or
classmates, etc.
B tries to gives A some helpful advice and persuade him/her to give up smoking.
Step 7. Homework
1. develop your discussion into a composition.
2. Search some more information about the harmful effects of smoking and advice on stopping smoking.
3.Find out the useful words and expressions in the reading text and learn by yourself.How to live a healthy life
Nowadays, it is a fashion to eat healthy food, such as organically-grown food, and do exercises to keep healthy. In brief, people are trying to live a healthy life. But what should be done to live a healthy life Different people have different ideas. Someone says to live a healthy life is to have a strong body. Some people think keeping psychologically healthy is very important. In my view, it’s essential to keep physically and psychologically healthy.
To keep physically healthy, you should do sports like running, playing basketball etc. Today more and more people go to the fitness centers. There are some popular ways of fitness like yoga which is a sensation in many big cities today. I think it is very useful for us to do some exercises very day. In this way, we can have a strong body.
More importantly, to keep psychologically healthy, you should have a good attitude towards people around you. We often say: “Attitude is everything.” It means good attitude leads to a good mood. In this way we can keep psychologically healthy. It is more sensible to have positive attitude. When you meet with some hardship, you should not be sad. You should have confidence in yourself and do something for relaxation. You should say to yourself: “I can make it. I am one in a million. I am special in this world.” In this way, you definitely have a good mood and work efficiently.
In a word, to live a healthy life is a comprehensive project in a way. We should keep healthy both psychologically and physically. In our daily life we should do some exercises and have a positive attitude toward life. We can also turn to some specialists for advice. Only in this way can we live a healthy life.(共24张PPT)
1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
2. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a
man healthy, wealthy and wise.
3. A light heart lives long.
4. Good health is over wealth.
5. Health is happiness.
Idioms about health
Warming up
1. What health issues do you think concern young people the most
Cigarette smoking Drinking alcohol Drug taking Diet Physical fitness
Sexual health Stress
Obesity
A truly healthy person should be healthy in _____ and ______.
body
mind
A healthy life should include ________ and ______ health.
physical
mental
What’s a healthy person like
Looking at the following pictures. What are they doing Which are healthy activities while which are unhealthy activities
Singing
Healthy
Dancing
Healthy
Playing basketball
Healthy
Doing Taiji
Healthy
Drinking alcohol
Unhealthy
Eating too much
Unhealthy
Smoking, coughing
Unhealthy
Have you ever smoked If you have, have you stopped
2. Why do you think some adolescents start smoking
3.In what ways is smoking harmful
4. What advice would you give to someone when wanted to stop smoking
Discussion
Reading
Advice from Grandad
Who
To whom
Purpose
James’ grandfather
James
To give James some advice and encourage him to quit smoking
Main idea:
James’ grandfather wrote to him to give him some advice and encourage him to quit smoking.
scanning
Listen and match the main idea of each
paragraph.
A. James’ problem of smoking.
B. Telling some different ways of becoming addicted.
C. The writer’s hope for his grandson and advice on stopping smoking.
D. Tell us the harmful effects of smoking.
E. Talking about the healthy life he leads through his own experience.
2
3
5
4
1
Information from the reading passage.
Different ways to become addicted to cigarettes
physically addicted to nicotine
2. addicted through habits
3. mentally addicted
Fill in the chart with information from the reading passage.
Harmful effects of smoking
1. do terrible damage to heart and lungs
2. have difficulty in becoming pregnant
3. Affect the health of non-smokers
4. Smell terrible
5. The ends of the fingers turn yellow
6.become breathless
7.not enjoy sport
8….
Suggestions to quit smoking
1. Prepare yourself
2. Be determined
3. Break the habit
4. Relax
5. Get help if you need it
6. Keep trying
How can I stop smoking
Discussion
Situation 1: Suppose you are a teacher, how will you persuade your students to quit smoking.
Situation 2: Suppose your teacher is a smoker, how will you persuade him to quit smoking.
Situation 3: Suppose you are a father, how will you persuade your son to quit smoking.
Situation 4: Suppose your father is a smoker, how will you persuade him to quit smoking.
A: Someone who gets addicted to smoking.
B: One of A’s family members or friends or
classmates, etc.
B tries to gives A some helpful advice and persuade him/her to give up smoking.
How to ask for advice
What should I do
Could you tell me what to do
Can you give me some advise
How to give advice
You’d better…
I think you ought to..
Perhaps you should…
I suggest that you…
After-reading
Assignment
1. develop your discussion into a composition.
2. Search some more information about the harmful effects of smoking and advice on stopping smoking.
3.Find out the useful words and expressions in the reading text and learn by yourself.(共37张PPT)
Word-consolidation-I (2m)
Answer key for Exercise 1:
quit, tough
accustomed to
ashamed (of her)
breathless
desperate
(The) alcoholic (effects)
strengthen (your muscles)
pregnant
disappointed
decide on
Discovering useful words and expressions
Page 20
Answer key for Exercise 2:
Word-consolidation-II (2m)
cigarettes,
alcohol,
effects,
adolescents,
tough,
stress,
due to,
addicted to,
mental,
quit,
unfit,
withdrawal
Grammar
The use of “it”
Grammar (5m)
It rains heavily (It is a rainy day).
2. It is 20 kilometers from Grandad’s house to James’.
3. It is November 11, 2005.
4. It is 9 o’clock at night.
6. It is no good smoking.
7. It is likely that he will succeed.
真正主语
真正主语
形式主语
形式主语
真正主语
形式主语
Discovering “It”
= _______ is bad.
To smoke
= ______ is no good.
Smoking
= __________
is likely.
That he will succeed
5. It is bad to smoke.
1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:
Xi’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it
2. 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
一、it 作人称代词
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：
指天气：
It is a lovely day, isn’t it
It is a bit windy.
二、it作非人称代词
2. 指时间:
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
3. 指环境:
It was very quiet in the café.
4. 指距离：
It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre from my home.
5. 指日期：
--What's the date today
--It's May 1, 2007.
6. 指季节：
It is summer now.
7. 指度量：
It is about 5 kilograms.
8. 指价值：
----What's the cost of the T-shirt
----It is 150 yuan.
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
三、it用作形式主语
（1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous…
It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.
1. 代作主语的动词不定式
（2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.
It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
It's no good/use doing…
It's（well）worth doing…
It's（well）worth one's while doing/to do…
It's（well）worth while doing/ to do
It's no use crying over spilt milk.
(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
2. it作形式主语替代主语从句
It is clear ( obvious，true，possible, certain …) that ...
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然, 真的……）”
是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
①It is adj. + clause
It is said (reported/ learned/believed
/thought/known/told/hoped.....) that ...
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
②It is v-ed that…=sb./sth. is to do
③ It is + noun + 从句
It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/... ) that ...
该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
四、it作形式宾语
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。
I think it no use arguing with him.
我认为和他争吵没有用。
I found it very interesting to study
English.
我发现学英语非常有趣。
He made it clear that he was not
interested in this subject.
他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。
五、用于强调句型中
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who ...
It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
I met Tom in the park yesterday.
1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.
2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.
3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.
4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.
It was five o’clock _________I got home.
It was at five o’clock_______ I got home.
when
that
强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用that和who ／whom皆可）
It was she who ／that had been wrong．
是她错了。 ( )
It was the girl whom ／that I met just now．
我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。 ( )
It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked．
老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。 （ ）
It was on Monday night that all this happened．
所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（ ）
主语
宾语
介词宾语
状语
It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。例如: It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
六、It 常用的固定搭配
make it
（1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 例
It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
（2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”例
—Shall we meet next week？
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.
2. take it/things easy
相当于Don‘t worry or don’t hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”
Take it easy！He will do it well.
3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn‘t been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”
—Are you going to the countryside for holiday？
—It/That all depends.
4. It's up to sb.
在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”
—Shall we go out for dinner？
—It's up to you.
① It is never too old to learn.
活到老，学到老。
② It is easier to fall than to rise.
摔倒容易爬起来难。
③ It is no use crying over spilt（溢出的） milk.
覆水难收。
④ It never rains but it pours(泼水).
不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。
Proverbs(谚语)
with “It”
Classify（分类）the proverbs according to the usages of “it”.
Group 1 ① ____
Group 2 _______
Group 3 _______
⑤ It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.
创业容易守业难。
⑥ It takes three generations（代）to make a gentleman.
十年树木，百年树人。
1.努力学习英语很必要。
It is necessary to work hard on English.
对于我们来说，努力学习英语很必要。
It is necessary ____us to work hard on English.
for
2. 你把真相说出来了，真诚实。
It is honest ___you to tell me the truth.
of
To work hard on English is necessary for us.
You are honest to tell me the truth.
1. Work in groups of three and write
Student 1 three names
Student 2 three adjectives
Student 3 three things to do
It’s + adj. of/for sb. to do sth
2. Make sentences
according to the names,
adjectives and sth to
to on the paper, using the structure.
Talk about the following pictures, using
It is no use/good doing sth 做……没有用/不好
It is fun doing sth 做……很有趣
还想跑？甭想！
想追我？没门！
It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking.
2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful.
It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
Rewrite the following sentences, using “It’s … that”.
3. You could suffer from bad health if you keep
smoking. ( It is likely).
I’m still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing.
It is amazing that I am still fit enough
to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.
It is known to us that bird flu (禽流感) hit China again.
It is said that Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advertisement.
Bird flu(禽流感) hit China again. That is known to us.
6. Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advertisement. People say that.
4. China produces one third of the world’s cigarettes. It is reported.
It is reported that China produces one third of the world’s cigarettes.
7. Some young people think that they look
attractive when they smoke.
It seems that…
It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.
Answer key for Exercise 2:
Page 21
It is difficult to give up smoking.
It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.
It is believed that smoking causes cancer.
It is no use trying to quit on a stressful day.
It is astonishing that China produces one-third of the world’s cigarettes.
It is illegal to advertise cigarettes in this country.
Discovering useful structures
It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking at last.
It was a dark and stormy night when the old man started his journey.
It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
It is necessary for you to take pills to control your blood pressure.(共50张PPT)
Words and expressions
It’s seems amazing that at my age I
am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres
in an afternoon.
[考点] 此句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
[考例] ______ felt funny watching myself on TV.
One B. This
C. It D. That
[点拨] 此句中的it是形式主语，真正的
主语是后面的watching myself on TV。
2. due to 归因于, 归功于
e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。
Her worldwide fame is due to his support. 她名扬四海应归功于他的支持。
表示因果关系的词和短语
because从属连词, 接从句, 表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点; as\since从属连词, 接从句, 表示理由是已知的, 而理由以外才是叙述的重点; for并列连词, 不用于句首, 至于第一分句之后, 补充说明理由; 第一分句表示推测时, 用for说明推测的依据。
because of 介词, 意思是“由于”, 较口语化
owing to 介词, 意思是“因为”, 较正式
thanks to 介词, 意思是 “多亏了”
as a result of 介词, 意思是“因为”
3. addicted adj. “对某某上瘾”, “沉湎于某某”
e.g. My children have become hopelessly addicted to television. 我的几个孩子都成了电视迷, 简直 不可救药了。
构词法
addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人
addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾
addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
addict常用于下列结构:
addict oneself to sth.
be addicted to sth.
be addicted to doing sth.
沉溺于某物
专心做某事
The parents felt helpless when they found their son had ____ love stories for long.
A. addicted B. addicted to
C. addicted himself
D. been addicted to
5. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
[翻译] 这就是说，过了一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
[考点] become accustomed to意为“习惯于……”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
常用句式
1) accustom+名词/oneself + to+名
e.g. Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings. 孩子们很快就会适应新环境。
2) be accustomed to +名词
e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances. 我习惯与长距离步行。
3) get/become accustomed to +名词
e.g. You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你将会习惯于这个工作。
注意:
在英语中, to 有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟动词原形; 有时用作介词, 后跟名词、代词、或动名词。下面的这些短语中的to 均为介词。
stick to 坚持 lead to 导致, 通向
pay a visit to 参观 sentence sb. to 宣判某人 come to 谈到, 涉及 see to 处理，负责 be up to 总计 devote…to 致力于 get down to 开始 /着手
[考例] Accustomed to ______ the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top.
A. climbing B. climb
C. having climbed D. have climbed
[点拨] to为介词，后跟动词-ing形式, 不能跟现在分词的完成式，故选A。
6. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
[考点] 此句中的it是人称代词，代替前面的thing。
[考例] —Have you heard the latest news
—No, what ______
A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those
[点拨] 由news为不可数名词可排除C、D两项，用it指代具体的抽象名词the latest news。
7. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.
[考点] quit意为“停止（做某事）”，常用于quit doing sth.结构。
[考例] Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people ______ smoking.
A. quit B. decline
C. depart D. reserve
[点拨] 根据句意“医生们正在研究以便发现当人们戒烟时，他们身体上将会发生什么情况。”选A。decline下降；depart 起程；reserve预订。
manage Vt. & vi.
1) control 控制,经营
1 He couldn’t manage this horse, and it threw him to the ground.
2 The boy is so naughty that his parents cannot manage him.
3 Mr. Brown manages a large company in the town.
2) succeed, be able to do sth. 设法完成, 应付
1 Though I have a lot of difficulties, I can manage to get everything ready.
2 I shan’t be able to manage without help.
3 If I can’t borrow the money, I’ll have to manage without.
manage 和 try 的区别
manage : do then succeed 设法做成了某事
try 表示尽量做,但不一定成功
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
He managed to pass the exam, and the teacher praised him.
8. I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.
[翻译] 当初我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部，也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。
[点拨] 该句是一个包含两个宾语从句的主从复合句。
主句为I didn’t know。两个宾语从句分别为it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs和it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant，or连接这两个宾语从句, 意为“也不（知道）”。I don’t know ... or ... 这个句型译为“我不知道……, 也不知道……”。如：
I don’t know where to go or what to do.
我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。
9. in spite of 尽管, 无视 后接名词
e.g. She can’t see very well in spite of her glasses. 尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。
The boy went out in spite of his father’s orders. 那男孩无视父亲的命令,径直出去了。
despite/ in spite of
They had a wonderful holiday, despite/in spite of bad weather.
尽管天气不好，他们的假日还是过得极为愉快。
Despite the cold weather, she still wears short sleeves.
In spite of the cold weather, she still wears short sleeves.
10. Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam.
[翻译] 不要选择你明知有压力的日子，例如要考试的那一天。
[点拨] 该句是一个主从复合句。主句为Don’t choose a day, 后接一个由that引导的定语从句修饰a day, 且这个定语从句包含一个插入语you know。such as起进一步补充说明的作用。
Prepare oneself
Prepare (sb/sth) for sth
to prepare a net for fishing
准备捕鱼的鱼网
to prepare the ground for the seeds.
整理好土地准备播种
Mary is preparing herself for the test tomorrow.
Will you help me prepare for the get-together of the old classmates
Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
+ 时间状语从句
every time
each time
the first time
remind sb that + 宾语从句
remind sb of sth
11. feel like 想要, 只表示一次的想法, 后接动词-ing形式
e.g. It’s so hot today. I feel like going swimming. 今天好热啊, 我想去游泳。
“ feel like ”意为“感到想要”。具体用法如下：
1. 后面接名词、代词或动词－ ing 形式，表示“想要”某物或“想要做”某事。例如：
I feel like a drink.
I don't feel like eating.
2. “ feel like ”还有“感到像……，摸起来像……”的意思。例如：
They made me feel like one of the family.
他们使我感到我像是这个家庭中的一个成员。
This feels like silk.
If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for a cigarette.
v.
~for 伸手拿东西
延伸；伸展
eg.The ladder won't reach the window.
3. 到达
They reached London.
n.
伸手可及之距离
eg. within reach of the shops
买东西很方便的地方
eg. The ball was out of reach.
我够不着这个球。
12. get into陷于, 染上什么习惯
get into the habit of 养成什么习惯。
相当于fall into the habit of或者form the habit of
e.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading. 那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的 习惯。
短语联想
get into trouble 惹上麻烦
get into debt 负债累累
get into a temper 大发脾气
get into deep water 陷于困境
get into one’s head 有某种看法
get into the way of 习惯于、学会
重点句型
I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
I became addicted to cigarettes.
This means that after a while you becomes accustomed to having
I knew it was time to quit smoking.
In spite of her wounded leg, she managed to get up the stairs.
I. 根据括号内所给的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。
由于恶劣的天气状况周五的运动会不得不推迟。(due to)
2. 要过很长一段时间你才能习惯当地的食物。(get accustomed to)
The sports meeting on Friday has to be put off due to bad weather conditions.
It will be a long time before you get accustomed to the local food.
3. 我打算举办个生日宴会, 可我难以决定该邀请谁。(decide on)
4. 由于身体不好，他被迫停止了教学工作。(quit)
I am going to hold a birthday party, but I cannot decide on whom to invite.
He was forced to quit teaching because of bad health.
II. 用适当的介词填空。
1. Wendy had hidden the box ______ her bed.
2. When I was ______ your age, I did not live as rich and happy a life as you do.
3. However hard it is, you must finish the construction of the lab ______ three weeks.
under
at
in
4. The reason he gave ______ not coming to the meeting was that his car had broken down halfway.
5. My little girl was ______ pain because her bad tooth was pulled out.
for
in
6. What’s your room number, please And ______ the way, could I have a look at your room card
7. The meeting has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ______ the wildlife in the area.
8. The trucks are doing great damage ______ the roads.
by
on
to
9. The patient reached ______ the glass on the table but could not get it.
10. Failing in exams is nothing to be ashamed ______ if you have tried your best.
for
of
III. 下列各句均有一处错误, 请指出并改正。
1. For many weeks we had been accustomed to see horses and oxen suffering from heat, thirst and starvation.
2. After several hours the firemen tried to put out the fire and save the town.
seeing
managed
3. The final examinations are around the corner, and some fans in my class quit play football to focus on their studies.
4. The parents felt helpless when they found their son had been addicted to read novels.
5. Let’s discuss the matter again and decide in a plan of action as soon as possible.
on
reading
playing
Homework
Master and go over the use of the
words and phrases above.
2. Preview the use of “it” on page 21.Listening& Speaking
Teaching Goals:
1. To get the main information in the Listening part.
2. To develop Ss’ listening ability and speaking skills.
3. To get more information about the healthy issues.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. Listening (Using Language)
1. Discussion
Ask Ss to discuss in groups their experiences of social gatherings for young people.
*Are there any discos, karaoke bars or nightclubs for young people to go to in Ningbo
* Have you ever been to the places like these
* Do you ever go to parties with your friends
* Do you think it is OK for alcohol to be available at places where young people meet
2. Word study
Before listening, give Ss some new words and expressions that can help them have a good understanding about the listening material.
Karaoke Bar 卡拉OK厅 disco 迪斯科 take drugs 吸毒 nonsense 胡说；废话
alcohol 酒；酒精 cigarette 香烟
3. Listen to the tape. Tina wants Sara to go to a disco with her, but Sara is nervous about going. Please listen to the tape and tick the things Sara is worried about.
( ) AIDS ( ) drugs ( )abortion ( ) smoking ( ) alcohol ( ) strangers ( ) money ( ) dancing ( ) orange juice ( ) cigar
Check Ss’ answers by playing the tape again and stopping when one of Sara’s worries is mentioned.
Suggested Answers: drugs; smoking; alcohol; dancing
4. Listen to the tape again and then complete the following sentences.
(1) Just say “no”. You __________________________.
(2) It’s OK to____________________________________.
(3) It would be a good idea to______________________________________.
(4) If someone offers you a cigarette, ________________.
(5) Well, I’ll___________. Let’s__________________________.
Suggested Answers:
Just say “no”. You don’t have to do anything you don’t want to.
It’s OK to drink orange juice or something instead.
It would be a good idea to have something to eat before you go out, like rice or noodles.
If someone offers you a cigarette, don’t take it.
Well, I’ll teach you. Let’s get any CD player and start practising now.
Step 2. Listening (Workbook)
1. Discussion
Ask Ss some questions. And then let Ss discuss these questions. If possible, give them some help. And point out that not all situations leading to stress are negative experiences. Sometimes we are very much looking forward to the change, but because the new situation involves making life changes, it can be very stressful at first.
* Can you define stress
* Can you describe situations where a person may be stressed
* Can you tell in what ways stress can affect a person’s health
2. Word study
headache 头疼 symptom 症状，征兆 entrance 入口 upset 使心烦 physical 身体的 relax 放松，休息 balance 使平衡 meantime 同时
3. Listen to the tape three times. During the first two times, Ss try to finish the chart. For the third time, Ss check their answers.
Medical chart
Name: _______________ Age: _______________
Occupation: _____________________
Today’s date: _____________________
Symptoms: ___________________________________
Possible problem: _________________________________
Proposed action: ___________________________________
Suggested Answers:
Medical chart
Name: Li Yue Age: 18
Occupation: Student
Today’s date: _____________________
Symptoms: headaches, tired all the time, not sleeping and eating well
Possible problem: Stress
Proposed action: 1. Do some tests to rule out anything physical (make sure there is nothing seriously wrong).
2. Discuss ways to relax
4. Ask Ss if they ever feel they are under too much stress and how they know they are under
stress. And what they do to relieve their stress.
Step 3. Talking (Workbook)
1. Group work
Ask Ss to discuss the following questions in groups of four.
(1) Do you agree with Dr Gao that Li Yue’s problem is related to stress Why
(2) How does stress affect your health Is it a common problem for students Use your experience to help you. Give examples of what happens to a person under stress.
(3) What could Li Yue do to lower her level of stress Make a list of activities she could do to help herself prepare to explain them to the class.
2. Pair work
Ask Ss to discuss the following question with their partners.
a. Is stress a common problem for senior high school students
b. How can we relief our stress
Step 4. Listening task (Workbook)
1. Ask Ss to tell some of the things that Li Yue did to avoid stress as described in her letter in the previous section.
2. Show Ss the useful words and expressions.
entrance 入口 audience 观众 concentrate 集中 properly 恰当地temper脾气 stress 压力 mental 精神的 relaxation 放松 occasionally 偶尔 hike 远足，步行
7. Group work
After listening, ask Ss to discuss the question in groups of four.
(1) Do you agree with Li Yue’s advice
(2) What do you do to relax after study
(3) Do you think you have balanced your study time and time for your relaxation or do you think you should do more study or take more breaks
（4）Do you think Li Yue has given a good speech to the students Give your reasons.
Step 5. Homework
1. Find out whether Ss in your class have healthy habits.
2. Write a letter about Ss’s healthy problems.Unit 3 A Healthy Life
教材分析
I．教学内容分析：
本单元的中心话题为“健康生活”。听说读写等各活动主要围绕如何健身、怎样成为健康的人展开，其中涉及许多社会热点问题，如抽烟，吸毒，艾滋病学习与工作压力等影响健康的棘手问题。本单元引导学生讨论这些问题，目的在于让他们远离有损身体健康的活动，并养成良好的生活习惯。
Warming up 部分主要围绕健康问题和真正健康的人展开讨论。并提供了以下有关健康的话题：抽烟、喝酒、吸毒、饮食、健美、性健康、压力。同时，为了启发学生联想现实中的健康话题，附了六幅图片，供学生讨论、思考。
Pre-reading 部分提供了四个讨论题，主要让学生明白“抽烟有害于健康”这一道理。在我们周围有许多人抽烟，学生经常会听到抽烟的人谈论抽烟。故此，联系实际，让学生讨论：为什么有些人要抽烟？抽烟有哪些危害？等等问题，并让学生讨论身边的人和事。虽然学生没有抽烟的切身体会，但其周围不乏许多戒烟成功的例子，让学生体会交流一下，会有现实的作用，即学生或许会说服家人或亲戚把烟戒掉。教师还可以向学生介绍一些提供戒烟帮助的组织等方面的信息。
Reading 部分是爷爷写给孙子的一封信，共分两部分，第一部分主要是爷爷向孙子介绍他能长寿和充满活力的主要原因在于他健康的生活方式。而且还以亲身体会向孙子介绍了他年轻时吸烟上瘾的原因、抽烟的危害和戒烟的方法，依此告诫孙子把烟戒掉。并说明吸烟上瘾的三个原因：1. 尼古丁的药物作用；2. 习惯的驱动力量；3. 精神上的依赖性. 还有吸烟的危害：1. 伤害心脏和肺；2. 不孕；3. 影响身边不吸烟的人的健康；4. 味道难闻；5. 手指发黄；6.跑步速度慢；7. 不喜欢运动。第二部分提供了六种戒烟的方法：1. 制定计划；2. 下定决心；3. 破除旧习；4. 学习自我放松；5. 必要时请求帮助；6. 坚持不懈。
Comprehending 部分帮助学生对课文细节的进一步理解。共提供了三个练习题。练习1是表格填空，主要检查学生对课文内容的理解。练习2为讨论题，主要让学生对“爷爷”和“爷爷”的信作一评价，讨论“爷爷”是个什么样的人，学生可以用到文中的determined等形容词，也可以运用以前学过的评价人物的词语。练习3要求学生写一个劝告他人戒烟的提纲，不要超过五个句子。
Learning about language 的词汇部分设置了三项练习。练习1是词语替换练习，练习2是短文填空，帮助理解和运用课文中所学的生词。短文与课文内容相近，有助于课文的复习，同时又提供了学词汇的语境。练习3为词汇游戏，语法部分先通过到课文中找含有it的句子，让学生认识it的用法；然后简单介绍it 的两个用法。
Using language 部分综合训练学生听说读写的能力。包括一篇阅读文章，听力，会话和写作。阅读文章主要是介绍艾滋病毒和艾滋病的海报。听和说部分设置了三项练习。练习1要求学生选出萨拉担忧的问题。练习2通过听写蒂娜的话，复习提建议的交际用语，练习3以参加聚会为情境，让学生列举做与不该做的事情，旨在操练本单元的交际用语。写的部分要求学生给想拒绝吸烟却遇到困难的李晓雷写封信，帮助他想想办法。
Summing up 部分要求学生就吸烟、艾滋病等话题、词语和结构三个方面进行自我评价，判定学习情况。
Learning tip 部分介绍两种类型的问题：封闭式问题和开放型问题。两种类型的问题对于学生发展思维能力和训练英语能力都很重要。对于开放型问题没有统一的答案，只要经过深思熟虑就可以了；开放型问题有助于培养学生的发散性思维。
II．教学重点和难点
教学的重点
(1) 本单元的生词及重要短语。
(2) it在句中做的各种成分，主要是形式主语，及表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等
(3) 关注健康问题，认识到吸烟、吸毒的危害性，了解HIV/AIDS及其预防知识，树立对待HIV/AIDS病人的正确态度。
教学的难点
(1) 了解各种危害人类健康的疾病，及其预防措施。
(2) 学会表达警告、禁止和允许的日常交际用语。
(3) 学习写劝告信。
III．教学计划
本单元分六课时：
第一课时：Warming up; Pre-reading & Reading
第二课时：Language points
第三课时：Learning about Language (grammar)
第四课时：Listening and speaking
第五课时：using language(reading2 and writing)(共47张PPT)
Reading and discussing
HIV/AIDS: ARE YOU AT RISK
Page 22
The three biggest killers in the world
Heart disease
Cancer
AIDS
Pre-reading
symbol –red ribbon
image ambassador
Some facts:
By the end of 2003, an estimated 42 million around the world were living with HIV/AIDS.
During the year, 5 million people became infected and an estimated 3 million people died.
About one-third of people living with HIV/AIDS are 15-24 years of age. More than 7 million people in Asia and the Pacific are living with HIV/AIDS.
Step 1: Listening
Listen to the passage and tick all the words and expressions mentioned in it.
( ) flu virus ( ) SARS virus
( ) survival ( ) immune system
( )mosquito ( )prejudice
( )homosexual
Step2: Read the poster, then answer the questions:
A virus is a very small living thing
that cause disease.
1. What’s a virus
2. How does HIV affect people’s health
HIV virus weakens a person’s immune system and eventually it damages the immune system so much that the body can no longer fight against disease.
3. What is the difference between AIDS and HIV
HIV is a virus, while AIDS is the stage of the illness caused by HIV.
incurable disease
4. Is there a cure for AIDS and HIV at the moment
Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
Background information
about what HIV / AIDS.
Ways to protect yourself.
Some common myths
dispelled.(可消除的荒诞说法)
This passage can be divided into three sections. What’s the purpose of each section
True or false
1 You can only get HIV from injecting
drugs.
2 It is very likely that you will die if you
get infected with HIV.
3 If you look healthy, you cannot have
HIV.
4 It could be dangerous to have sex
without a condom.
5 Taking food from the same dishes as
someone infected with HIV will give
you HIV too.
6 If you have HIV, you will always get
AIDS eventually.
7.People who have not injected drugs do not need to get tested for HIV.
8.You will become infected with HIV by swimming in the same pool with someone carrying HIV.
9.People who have HIV look different from everyone else.
Henan AIDS village
Africa
How should we act towards people who have HIV/ AIDS What can we do to help them
(Discuss in groups of four)
safe
dangerous
How should we act towards people
who have HIV/AIDS What can we
do to help them
Don’t look down upon them.
Show love and care to them.
Help them fight fear, shame and injustice(unfair).
Reminder
AIDS AIDS, an incurable disease,
which is caused by a virus,
spread through drugs and sex.
So keep away from drugs,
and avoid unprotected sex.
Know what is risky and what is safe.
Have the right attitude towards AIDS.
Let’s live together in peace.
Li Xiaolei
203 Thames Street
Oxford, OX41LF
Class 2 Grade 2
GZ …Middle School,
GZ, GD, China
518036
203 Thames Street
Oxford, OX41LF
Friday 11 Nov.
Dear students in Class 20 Grade 2,
Can you help me please My best friend has just started smoking. I do not like it and I told her what I thought. She laughed at me and said that I was not grown-up enough.
Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward. I did not know how to refuse it. Please help me. I do not want to start smoking, but I do not want to lose my best friend, either.
Yours sincerely
Li Xiaolei
Make a list of the tips to quit smoking.
brainstorming
competition
How to quit smoking
1. Make a plan
2.
3.
Choose 3 pieces of most useful advice and write 2 or 3 sentences to explain how to do it.
Advice How to do it
Make a plan
Make a list of friends who smoke and places where you smoke. Don’t see those people and don't go to those places.
Dear Xiaolei, (salutation)_____________________________________________________ ____________________________.
_____________________________________________________ ____________________________.
_____________________________________________________ ____________________.
Yours sincerely, (closing)
_____________ (signature)
(body of the letter)
structure
show your sympathy for him and encourage him
list the advice on how to quit smoking
express your wish
Dear Xiao lei,
______________(beginning of the letter) (show your sympathy for him and encourage him)___________________.
________(the first piece of advice and more detail)________ _____________________________________.
________(the second piece of advice and more detail)______ _____________________________________.
________ (the third piece of advice and more detail)_______ _____________________________________.
___________(end of the letter) (encourage him to be determined and express your wish)____________________.
Yours sincerely,
Sample letter:
Dear Xiaolei,
I am sorry you have found yourself in such a difficult situation. First, there is no need for you to feel embarrassed and awkward. She may think that she is behaving in a grownup way but you are the one with sense on your side. Here is some advice that I think you might give her:
Smoking cigarettes is addictive and expensive.
It can make you ill later in life. Even breathing in other people’s smoke can make you ill.
It is a dirty habit.
It is more difficult to stop then it is to start.
Second, talk to your friend gently and explain that you are still good friends and don’t want to break this friendship. However, you will not begin smoking to suit her. Give her the information above and then explain that whatever she chooses to do you will remain her friend.
Don’t be disappointed Xiaolei.
Good luck and best wishes.
Sun Gao
How to advise people about what to do How to advise people about what not to do
Illustration(陈述)
Addition (递增)
Contrast (转折)
Summary(总结)
Expression
Do…
Don't forget to…
You should…
It would be a good idea to…
Besides, Moreover, In addition
I think, In my opinion, I believe
You don’t have to…
It’s OK/ all right to…
But, on the other hand, otherwise
Don’t…
There is no need to…
It’s not necessary to…
In short, In brief, In all
Work in groups. Read the writing and give a general mark to it. Then read it in detail. Point out and correct the mistakes in the writing and mark the writing in three aspects, content, language and organization.
Peers correcting
mistakes or confusing words, phrases or sentences: “________”
beautiful words, phrases or sentences: “﹏﹏ ”
Criterions 1) clear meaning
2) well organized
3) correct and natural language and proper connections
4) correct sentence patterns and tense
Level A B C D
What do you think of the work Excellent (A) Good (B) Average (C) Poor (D)
Content (meaning)
Language (grammar, vocabulary, phrases tense, etc)
Organization (transitional words, structure)
Discuss how to correct the mistake to make your writing more beautiful, and then revise your letter.
Revising
