金榜夺冠人教版必修1 课时作业Unit 1 Friendship

必修1·Unit 1
一、语法填空　专题训练(一)
巧用派生词，做好语法填空(1)
◆ 技巧点拨
　　　动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词，如果所给单词是其它词类，就要将其改为名词，并注意名词数的变化。如果所给单词为动词，就需在原动词后加 ing将其变为动名词。要将其它词类变为名词，需熟悉构成名词的后缀，对所给词做相应改变。
常用的名词后缀主要有：
动词＋～al/or/er→名词 survive survival
动词＋～ment→名词 manage management
动词＋～ion/tion/sion→名词 expressinvent expressioninvention
形容词＋～ness→名词 crazy craziness
动词/形容词＋～th→名词 grow (v.生长) growth(n.生长)
～ship结尾的名词 professor(n.教授) professorship(n.教授资格)
～y结尾的名词 honest(adj.诚实的) honesty(n.诚实)
如：
(1)His carelessness (careful) resulted in the terrible accident.
(2)He was one of the visitors (visit) who thought highly of Tom，their guide.
◆ 活学活用
(一)用所给单词的适当形式填空
I hated __1__(wait)for her for hours without __2__(know)when on earth she would come. On her __3__(arrive)，she would always hug me，promising never to be late again. I used to stare at her in __4__ (angry)，telling her frankly that her __5__(arrive)late made me angry and that I wanted to end our __6__(relate)．However，she never seemed to be __7__(angrily)．She told me that she always thought of me as one of her best __8__(friendly) and if I left her，that would be a severe __9__(punish) to her. Finally we reached an __10__(agree) that we would still be good friends，but she mustn't be late again.
(二)(2010年广东卷改编)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空。说出第2,5,9题的解题思路。
A young man，while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water.__1__water was sweet. He filled his leather __2__ (contain) so that he could bring some back to an elder __3__ had been his teacher. After a four day journey，the young man__4__(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink，smiled__5__(warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home with a happy heart.
After the student left，the teacher let __6__student taste the water. He spit it out，__7__(say) it was awful. Apparently，it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like __8__？”
The teacher replied，“You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of __9__ (kind) and love. Nothing could be __10__ (sweet)．”
We understand this lesson best that we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace，the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.
二、完形填空
A..(2011年广州一模)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
The ups and downs of life may seem unpredictable. But scientists know there are clear 1 that almost all people share. Even if you’ve passed your “best”, you still have other 2 years to come. Certain important high-points come later in life.
When are you 3 From 18 to 25, according to I.Q. scores; but you’re wiser and more 4 with increasing age. At around 30, metal abilities begin to decline, 5 your ability to do maths. But your ability to complete other tasks 6 . For example, your vocabulary increases over time. At 60, your brain 7 almost four times as much information as it did at age 21. Because of this, some psychologists suggest that “maturity quotients” (M.Q.) be used to measure intelligence for 8 .
When are you happiest You have the best 9 sense of yourself from 15 to 24, when you feel energetic all the time. The best professional sense is from 40 to 49. Before age 24, we believe that our happiest years are yet to 10 , but when we are over 30, we believe that they’re behind us. After age 30, we’re more 11 and don’t view happiness as a goal in itself. If we maintain our health, achieve professional and emotional goals, then 12 , we feel, will follow.
When are you most creative Generally between 30 and 39, but it 13 with different professions. The high-points in areas such as science and economics come 14 — most Nobel prize winners did their top research in their 20’s and 30’s — but for people who keep an active mind, there is no upper age 15 .
1．A．plans B．lives C．patterns D．predictions
2．A．good B．stranger C．interesting D．difficult
3．A．best B．smartest C．most mature D．most skilled
4．A．powerful B．energetic C．experienced D．satisfied
5．A．generally B．specially C．mainly D．particularly
6．A．climbs B．stops C．matters D．works
7．A．recognizes B．posseses C．communicates D．receives
8．A．babies B．teenagers C．adults D．elders
9．A．mental B．emotional C．physical D．personal
10．A．come B．last C．remember D．disappear
11．A．confident B．realistic C．hopeful D．grateful
12．A．wealth B．sharpness C．wisdom D．happiness
13．A．agrees B．varies C goes D．ends
14．A．early B．naturally C．unexpectedly D．recently
15．A．demand B．reason C．choice D．limit
B.(2010年重庆卷改编)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Introduction to Letters to Sam
Dear Reader，
Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book.When my __1__，Sam，was born，my heart was filled with joy.I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 years before then，and I have been __2__ ill many times.So I wondered if I would have the__3__ to tell Sam what I had__4__.
For years I have been hosting a program on the __5__ and writing articles for a magazine.Being unable to move freely，I have learned to sit still and keep my heart __6__，exchanging thoughts with thousands of listeners and readers.So when Sam was born，I ___7__ to tell him about school and friendship，romance and work，love and everything else.That's how I started to write these letters.I hoped that Sam would__8__them sooner or later.
However，that expedition __9__ when Sam showed signs of autism(自闭症)at the age of two.He had actually stopped talking before the discovery of the signs.He __10___ to communicate with others，even the family members.That was __11__ for me but didn't stop me writing on.I realized that I had even more now to tell him.I wanted him to __12__what it means to be “different ”from others，and learn how to fight against the misfortune he'll __13__ as I myself，his grandfather，did.I just __14__ if I could write all that I wanted to say in the rest of my life.
Now，as the book has been published，I have been given the chance.Every chapter in the book is a letter to Sam：some about my life，and all about what it means to be a ___15__.
Daniel Gottliebe
1．A.son　　　　　　　　　 　B．nephew
C．brother D．grandson
2．A.seriously B．mentally
C．slightly D．quietly
3．A.ability B．time
C．courage D．responsibility
4．A.written B．suffered
C．observed D．lost
5．A.radio B．television
C．stage D．bed
6．A.warm B．broken
C．closed D．open
7．A.began B．stopped
C．forgot D．decided
8．A.find B．read
C．collect D．keep
9．A.developed B．disappeared
C．changed D．arrived
10．A.tried B．refused
C．regretted D．hoped
11．A.exciting B．acceptable
C．strange D．heartbreaking
12．A.understand B．explain
C．believe D．question
13．A.fear B．face
C．know D．cause
14．A.felt B．guessed
C．saw D．doubted
15．A.teacher B．child
C．man D．writer
三、阅读理解　专题训练(一)
阅读中的猜词技巧(1)
特别提醒：我们分6个单元介绍了阅读中猜测词义的常用方法。但是必须牢记，各种方法都是互相联系的，都离不开对上下文的正确理解，所谓词不离句、句不离篇讲的就是这个道理。在解题时，同学们应该综合运用各种方法，根据对语篇的理解，结合上下文，对生词或短语或句子的含义作出准确的、合乎逻辑的猜测。
根据文章的综合信息推测词义
◆ 技巧点拨
根据文章的内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识来分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后结合上下文，根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致意思。在解题时，我们可以利用上下文的线索、暗示信息或单词的作用和关系准确推测词义。如：
　(1)“My son has been in school for twelve years and he cannot write a sentence，” Tom shouted to the headmaster.“You've made him an illiterate.”
(2)One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.Quite_the_reverse，business，politics，life itself are games which we must normally play with imperfect information.
(1) 依据信息“上学12年”、还“不会写一个句子”、“大喊大叫”，可知家长在指责校方，也就不难猜出illiterate意为“文盲”。
(2) 前句说“关于商业的一个错误观点是商业可以看做完美的信息游戏”，而后句说“商业、政治、生活本身是非常不完美的信息游戏”，由此推之quite the reverse的意思是“正好相反”。
◆ 活学活用
(一)猜出下列句中划线单词的意思
1．Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to health.They also regard drinking as harmful.
2．The hot air balloon took off.It was buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.
3．The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.
4．The child is as fragile as glass.
5．He fell into a ditch and lay there，semiconscious，for a few minutes.
(二)阅读下列短文，按要求完成下列读写任务
(2010年重庆卷)One morning more than thirty years ago，I entered the Track Kitchen，a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast.I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly，unshaven man，who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn out hat and was alone.I asked if I might join him.He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
We cautiously began a conversion and spoke about a wide rang of things.We never introduced ourselves.I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat.So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee，I asked，
“May I get you something ？”
“A coffee would be nice.”
Then I bought him a cup of coffee，we talked more，and he accepted another cup of coffee.Finally，I rose to leave，wished him well，and headed for the exit.At the door I met one of my friends.He asked，
“How did you get to know Mr.Galbreath？”
“Who？”
“The man you were sitting with.He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”
I could hardly believe it.I was buying，offering a free breakfast，and feeling pity for one of the world's richest and most powerful men!
My few minutes with Mr.Galbreath changed my life.Now I try to treat everyone with respect，no matter who I think they are，and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.
Ⅰ.以约30词概括文章大意
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________Ⅱ.根据短文内容选择最佳答案
1．What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean
A．Unfriendly.　　　　　　B．Untidy.
C．Gentle. D．Kind.
2．The author bought coffee for the old man because______.
A．he thought the old man was poor
B．he wanted to start a conversation
C．he intended to show his politeness
D．he would like to thank the old man
3．How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend
A．Proud. B．Pitiful.
C．Surprised. D．Regretful
4．What is the message mainly expressed in the story
A．We should learn to be generous.
B．It is honorable to help those in need.
C．People in high positions are not like what we expect.
D．We should avoid judging people by their appearances.
参考答案
一、
(一)
1．waiting　 2.knowing 　3.arrival
4．Anger 　5.arriving 　6.relation
7．angry　 8.friends　 9.punishment　
10.agreement
(二)
1．解析：由上文a spring of clear water，第一次提到water，下文——water紧接着第二次特指。
答案：The
2．解析：contain是动词，这里需要名词形式，v.＋er—n.。
答案：container
3．解析：who 引导定语从句限制elder且做从句的主语。
答案：who
4．解析：本句缺少谓语，本文叙述故事，所以用过去时。
答案：presented
5．解析：用副词形式修饰动词smile。
答案：warmly
6．解析：老师叫 “另一个学生”尝尝水的味道。
答案：another
7．解析：现在分词做伴随状语。
答案：saying
8．解析：it指代前面的名词 “water”。这个学生认为老师假装喜欢那些 “水”。
答案：it
9．解析：介词后面接名词， adj.＋～ness—n.
答案：kindness
10．解析：没有比这更甜美的了。否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的意思。
答案：sweeter
二、
A.答案
1—5:CABCD 6—10: ABCCA 11—15:BDBAD
B答案
1．解析：下文讲到作者是Sam的grandfather，由此可知此处答案为grandson。
答案：D
2．解析：“我” 整天坐在轮椅里，担心没有时间给孙子讲述我看到的一切，说明“我”病得挺严重的。
答案：A
3．解析：我担心没有时间给孙子讲述我经历的一切。
答案：B
4．解析：“What I had observed”表示“我的见闻。”
答案：C
5．解析：下文有listeners and readers，listeners与radio对应，readers与magazine对应。
答案：A
6．解析：这里指我敞开心扉，与读者及观众交流思想。
答案：D
7．解析：我决定跟他讲教育、友谊、浪漫、工作和爱情。
答案：D
8．解析：我希望我的孙子总有一天会“读”这些信。
答案：B
9．解析：当发现Sam患有自闭症时，所有这些都发生了“改变”。
答案：C
10．解析：他“拒绝”与人交流。
答案：B
11．解析：那是“令人心碎”的。
答案：D
12．解析：我想让他“懂得”与众不同意味着什么。
答案：A
13．解析：他要像我这样“面对”不幸。
答案：B
14．解析：我“怀疑”能否在有生之年把我想要说的都写出来。
答案：D
15．解析：做一个“男人”意味着什么。
答案：C
三、
(一)
1．解析：从also推知harmful与detrimental同义，意思是“不利的，有害的”。
答案：有害的，不利的
2．解析：从as a rose leaf in water(水中的玫瑰花瓣)可知buoyant是形容词，意为“漂浮的”。
答案：漂浮的
3．解析：从wars and great scientific discoveries可知epochal的意思是 “重要的”。
答案：重要的
4．解析：常识告诉我们“玻璃易碎”，此处用以描绘人，意思是“脆弱的”。
答案：脆弱的
5．解析：他掉进沟里，躺在那几分钟，划线单词的意思是“半清醒的、半昏迷的”。
答案：半昏迷的
(二)
Ⅰ
Feeling pity for a “poor” stranger，the author offered a free breakfast to a rich and powerful man in the Track Kitchen.This experience tells him to treat everyone with respect.(31 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：词义猜测题。从上文的unshaven(没有修面的)可知disheveled应与unshaven的意思接近。综合全文内容可知，这位先生不修边幅，穿着破烂，以致让作者犯了以貌取人的错误。 所以答案为B。
答案：B
2．解析：第二段的I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat说明答案为A。
答案：A
3．解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I could hardly believe it.”可知作者感到很惊讶。
答案：C
4．解析：本文给人们的启示是：不要以貌取人。
答案：D