金榜夺冠人教版必修1 课时作业Unit 5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero

一、语法填空　专题训练(一)
巧用派生词，做好语法填空(5)
◆ 技巧点拨
要做好高考语法填空题中的词语派生题，关键是掌握词语搭配关系，然后将所给单词变成该搭配所需要的形式。因此，请理解并牢记下表内容。
句子成分 概念描述 所处语境 适用词类
主语 什么人或什么事、动作的发出者 句子最前面，冠词、物主代词、some，any，other等不定代词后 名词、代词、不定式、动名词
宾语 动作的对象、承受者 及物动词或介词后，冠词、物主代词、some，any，other等不定代词后
谓语 表明主语干什么或是什么 主语后 动词
表语 说明主语的身份、特征或状态 系动词后 形容词、名词、少数副词、介词短语非谓语动词
补足语 补充说明主语或宾语 宾语或被动式谓语后
定语 修饰或限定名词或代词 名词前，something等不定代词后 形容词
状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 动词前后，形容词或副词前，句首或句末。 副词
◆ 活学活用
(一)阅读下面短文，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his __1__(month) bill when his young son rushed in and announced，“Dad，because this is your birthday and you are 55 years old，I'm going to give you 55 kisses，one for each year！” But the father exclaimed，“Oh，Peter，don't do it now.I'm too busy！”
The boy immediately fell __2__(silence) as tears rolled down from his big blue eyes.__3__(apologize) the father said，“You can finish later.”
The boy said nothing but __4__(quiet) walked away，__5__ (disappoint) written over his face.That evening the father said，“Come and finish the kisses now，Peter！” But the boy didn't respond.__6__(fortunate)，the boy had an accident and was drowned.His heartbroken father wrote，“If only I could tell him how much I regret my __7__(thought) words and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.”
Love is a two way street.Any loving act must be __8__(warm) accepted or it will be taken as __9__(reject) and can leave a scar.Nothing is more __10__(importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us.
(二)语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy.Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and have more respectable jobs.But in the executive(主管的) circle，__1__ can become a disadvantage.
While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder，it is __2__(harm) to a woman.Handsome male executives are considered having more honesty than plainer men；effort and ability usually lead__3__their success.Attractive female executives are considered to have less honesty than unattractive__4__；people do not connect their success with ability __5__with factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives are thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives.However，interestingly，the rise of the unattractive overnight successes__6__(connect) more to personal relationships and less to ability.
Attractive women are not thought to be able.This is true even in politics.Anne Bowman，a writer，__7__recently made a study，asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs，one of men and one of women，in order of attractiveness.And then the students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices.They were asked to rank them again，in the order they would vote__8__them.The results showed that attractive males__9__(complete) defeated unattractive men，but the women __10__(rank) most attractive by the students unchangeably received the fewest votes.
二、完形填空
(2010年全国Ⅱ卷)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool.A letter can be enjoyed，read and__1__.It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart (远离的)；it can keep a friendship with very little effort.
I will give __2__.A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting __3__ well.We had been close as __4__but had grown apart.Our meetings were not pleasant；our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels，and every effort to clear the air seemed to only__5__our misunderstanding.Then he moved to a small island in the Caribbean and we __6__touch.One day he wrote me a letter.He described his island and its people，told me what he was doing，said how he felt，and encouraged me to __7__.Rereading the letter，I was __8__by its humor(幽默)and clever expressions.These were all qualities for which I had __9__respected my older brother but thought he no longer had them.I had never known he could write so__10__.And with that one letter we became friends again.
It might never have occurred to __11__to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no__12__.For him，writing was a necessity.It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch.Because we live in an age of __13__ communication(通讯)，people often __14__ that they don't always have to phone or email.They have a__15__.And that is to write.
1．A.received　　　　　　　　B．rewritten
C．returned D．reread
2．A.an example B．a lesson
C．an experience D．a talk
3．A.through B．together
C．along D．away
4．A.brothers B．children
C．fellows D．classmates
5．A.deepen B．start
C．express D．settle
6．A.lost B．kept in
C．needed D．got in
7．A.think B．write
C．enjoy D．read
8．A.driven B．beaten
C．surprised D．honored
9．A.never B．seldom
C．sometimes D．once
10．A.well B．often
C．much D．soon
11．A.us B．anyone
C．someone D．my brother
12．A.mail services B．transport services
C．phones D．relative
13．A.poor B．easy
C．popular D．busy
14．A.believe B．decide
C．argue D．forget
15．A.habit B．choice
C．method D．plan
三、阅读理解　专题训练(一)
阅读中的猜词技巧(5)
对比法
◆ 方法点拨
有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义；有时根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接词，就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。这种句子多半有unlike，although，but，yet，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，instead of，rather than等信息词。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比的意义。如：
(1)Is he intelligent or stupid
(2)Unlike his brother，who is truly a handsome person，Hogertty is quite homely.
1．解析：根据stupid可推断出intelligent的意思为“聪明的”。
答案：聪明的
2．解析：此句中的unlike一词暗示了Hogertty和他的兄弟的长相不同，他的兄弟是个handsome(英俊的)人，所以Hogertty一定是一个homely (不英俊)的人。
答案：不英俊的
◆ 活学活用
(一)利用上述猜测词义方法，猜出下列各句划线部分的意思
1．Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population，Japan's population is quite homogeneous.
2．Any fool can make soap，but it takes a genius to sell it.
3．Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I know.His brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.
4．A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
5．Mother was tall，fat and middle aged.The principal of the school was an older woman，almost as plump as mother，and much shorter.(　　)
A．healthy　　　　　　B．thin
C．slim D．fat
(二)阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务
How to Be a Winner
Sir Steven Redgrave
Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病)．Believing my career(职业生涯)was over，I felt extremely low.Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing.That was it ——the encouragement I needed.I could still be a winner if I believed in myself.I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes.But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet.Nothing is to stand in my way.”
Karen Pickering
Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day,6 days a week.I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary.This is the key to success——you can't follow a career in any field without being well organized.List what you believe you can achieve.Trust yourself，write down your goals for the day，however small they are，and you'll be a step closer to achieving them.”
Kirsten Best
Poet &Writer
“When things are getting hard，a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve something.Then，there are other distractions，such as family or hobbies.The key is to concentrate.When I feel tense，it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’，‘peace’ or ‘focus’，either out loud or silently in my mind.It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence.This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的)tool.”
Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择正确答案
1．What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about
A．Difficulties influenced his career.
B．Specialists offered him medical advice.
C．Training helped him defeat his disease.
D．He overcame the shadow of illness to win.
2．What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary
A．Her training schedule.
B．Her daily happenings.
C．Her achievements.
D．Her sports career.
3．What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to
A．Ways that help one to focus.
B．Words that help one to feel less tense.
C．Activities that turn one's attention away.
D．Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
4．According to the passage，what do the three people have in common
A．Courage. B．Devotion.
C．Hard work. D．Self confidence.
5．The author writes the passage to ________.
A．tell us some interesting stories
B．tell us how he became successful
C．introduce some practical ways to help succeed
D．persuade us to make ourselves known by others
参考答案
(一)
1．Monthly 　 2.silent 　3.Apologetically
4．quietly　 5.disappointment　 6.Unfortunately　
7.thoughtless　 8.warmly 9．rejection　
10.important
(二)
1．解析：it指上文提到的美貌，在管理层，美貌可能会是一种不利条件。
答案：it
2．解析：虽然吸引人的外表对男人晋职是有利因素，但对女人却是有害的。
答案：harmful
3．解析：lead to：导致。
答案：to
4．解析：代替前面的 female executives。
答案：ones
5．解析：not...but...是固定句型，表示不是……而是……，人们不是把漂亮女人的成功与能力联系在一起，而是将其与运气联系在一起。
答案：but
6．解析：be connected to是固定词组，表示 “与……相连”。
答案：is connected
7．解析：关系代词引导定语从句。
答案：who
8．解析：vote for 投票赞成。
答案：for
9．解析：漂亮男人完全彻底击败了不漂亮的男人。
答案：completely
10．解析：过去分词短语作定语。
答案：ranked
二、
1．解析：从下文的rereading the letter 可知此处用reread，表示好的私人信件经得起反复咀嚼，欣赏。
答案：D
2．解析：give an example：举例说明。
答案：A
3．解析：get along表示相处，此处说作者兄弟两相处得不好。
答案：C
4．解析：从上下文可知，兄弟俩小时候关系亲密，长大了就疏远了。
答案：B
5．解析：每次努力的结果都只是 “加深”彼此之间的误解。
答案：A
6．解析：哥哥搬走了，兄弟俩失去了联系。
答案：A
7．解析：哥哥鼓励作者写信。
答案：B
8．解析：重读哥哥的信，作者很 “吃惊”地发现他哥哥的信写得那么幽默。
答案：C
9．解析：作者曾经因为哥哥的幽默和机智的表达而非常尊敬哥哥，可后来他以为哥哥不再具备这些优秀素质。
答案：D
10．解析：作者从不知道哥哥可以写得那么好。
答案：A
11．解析：从上下文可知，作者的哥哥如果不是因为他去了一个没有电话的地方，是不会想到要写信的。
答案：D
12．解析：解释同上。
答案：C
13．解析：easy communication：通讯方便。
答案：B
14．解析：由于通讯方便，人们忘记了并不一定总要打电话。
答案：D
15．解析：还有更好的办法：这就是写信。
答案：C
三、
(一)
1．解析：与many different nationalities相反，故为“单一民族的”。
答案：单一民族的
2．解析：由but可知genius是与fool(蠢才)相对的，由此推测其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。
答案：有才能的人，天才
3．解析：in contrast 提醒我们supercilious与 humble and modest是对比关系，由此可以猜出其意义。
答案：目空一切，傲慢的
4．解析：通读全句不难看出，说话者是把熟练工人与非熟练工人进行对比，由此可知adept的词义是“熟练的”。
答案：熟练的
5．解析：作者把学校的校长和他的母亲相比，其中older对应middle aged，shorter对应tall，所以plump对应fat。
答案：D
(二)
Ⅰ
The author shows us the successful stories of three persons，telling us that the key to success is self confidence，strong determination，well organized work，diligence and devotion to what you are doing.
Ⅱ
1．解析：第一部分写到Sir Steven患了糖尿病，但他克服病痛，获得金牌，D最合题意。
答案：D
2．解析：第二段第一句中it指代前面内容，即她的训练计划。
答案：A
3．解析：从there are other distractions，such as family or hobbies.The key is to concentrate可知distraction与concentrate表示相反意义，故distraction意为“分散注意力的活动”。
答案：C
4．D　5.C