中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 
张道真高中英语语法之·系动词与助动词 
 目 录 
A 系动词 
????表示感觉的系动词 
????表示变化的系动词 
????表示依旧的系动词 
B 助动词 
????be 
????have 
????do 
????shall和will 
????should和would 
学以致用 
Unit 10 系动词与助动词 
  系动词本身不可独立作谓语,只能与表语一起构成谓语。其中be动词是最基本的的系动词。 
   
A 系动词 
 1. 表示感觉的系动词 
  taste,smell和feel 
  这三个词均能作实义动词和_?????¨è???????????_义动词时,有时态和语态的变化;作系动词时,没有被动语态,也不能用在进行时态中,后跟形容词作表语。如:21cnjy.com 
  The soup tastes (smells) terrible (good,nice). 汤味道不好(好)。 
  appear,seem和look 
  这三个词用作系_??¨è??é???????????_乎,好像”之意,其中appear有时带有表面上看是这样,而实际并非如此之意。appear和seem用于下列句型中:2·1·c·n·j·y 
(1) appear / seem(+to be)+形容词、分词、名词: 
  He appears / seems happy. 他好像很高兴。 
  It appears / seems (to be) a serious problem. 这好像是一个严重的问题。 
(2) appear / seem+to do / to have done / to be doing:21世纪教育网版权所有 
  Carl appeared / seemed not to have heard of that. 卡尔好像没听说那件事。 
  Hale appeared to be talking to himself. 黑尔仿佛在跟自己说话。21·世纪*教育网 
  They seemed to be doing alright. 他们似乎干得不错。 
(3) appear / seem+that从句: 
  It seems / appears that the plane didn't land in Rome. 好像飞机没有在罗马着陆。 
The experiments seem to prove that sugar is not very good for you. 21*cnjy*com 
这些实验似乎证明糖不利于你的身体。 
  seem还可接like引导的介词短语以及as if引导的从句,appear一般不接。如: 
  It seems like to be years since... 从……以来好像有几年了。 
  It seems as if there will be an election soon. 似乎不久就要举行选举了。 
  look,appear和seem都可接形容词、名词、分词等,不同点在于look后不能接不定式和that从句。如: 
  It looks / seems as if we shall have to walk home. 好像我们得步行回家。 
  He looks to have finished his homework. (误) 
  He seems to have finished his homework. (正) 他好像完成了作业。 
 2. 表示变化的系动词 
  表示变化的系动词有become,turn,go,get,grow等,这类系动词在很多情况下可以替换使用。 
(1) become,turn和go这三个词都能接名词或形容词作表语,不同的是,turn和go后的名词前无修饰词时不用冠词。如: 
  Jack has become a teacher. (=Jack has turned teacher.) 杰克成了一名教师。 
  Henry has gone blind. 亨利眼睛瞎了。 
(2) get,grow,run用于进行时态中,表示“渐渐,越来越……”。如: 
  Uncle Wang is growing / getting fatter and fatter. 王叔叔越来越胖了。 
  Oil is running shorter and shorter. 石油越来越短缺。 
  选用系动词还应注意一些习惯用法。 
  turn多表示颜色变化: 
  In autumn the leaves turn yellow. 秋天,树叶变黄。 
  go多表示向不好的方面变化: 
  She has gone mad. 她疯了。 
  come true表示成为现实: 
  Our wishes will come true. 我们的愿望将会实现。 
  fall多接asleep,ill,sick: 
  He often falls asleep in class. 他经常上课睡觉。 
  run多接形容词: 
  run dry变干涸 run low 减少 run short 不足,快用完了 
  My money is running short. 我的钱快用完了。 
  make后只能接名词: 
  I'm sure she'll make (you) a good wife. 我确信她将是一个好妻子。 
 3. 表示依旧的系动词 
  表示“依旧”的系动词有remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,lie等。如: 
  Be / Keep quiet, please. 请安静。 
  He continues / remains / keeps silent. 他保持沉默。 
  Will you stand / be grandmother to the child? 你是这孩子的祖母吗? 
  The books lay open on the table. 书摊在桌上。 
  The fields lie thickly covered with snow. 田野里覆盖着厚厚的雪。 
   
B 助动词 
  助动词本身无_è???????????è?????_助动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。英语中的助动词主要有be,have(has),do(did,does),shall (should),will (would)等。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】 
 1. be 
  助动词be的变化形式和系动词be相同,作为助动词,be有以下用法。 
(1) 后接动词的现在分词构成各种进行时态。如: 
  [现在进行时] 
  We are working. 我们在工作。 
  [现在完成进行时] 
  She has been reading a novel. 她一直在看小说。 
  [过去进行时] 
  We were talking about our school days. 我们在谈论我们的学生时代。 
  [将来进行时] 
  What will you be doing tomorrow evening? 你明天晚上干什么?2-1-c-n-j-y 
(2) 后接动词的过去分词构成被动语态。如: 
  [一般现在时的被动语态] 
  What is the flower called? 这花叫什么名字? 
  [现在进行时的被动语态] 
  The road is being repaired. 这条路正在修。 
  [现在完成时的被动语态] 
  They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。 
  [一般过去时的被动语态] 
  She was asked to stay. 她被要求留下。 
(3) 后接动词不定式 
  表示未来的计划或安排。如: 
  Where are we to meet? 我们将在哪儿见面? 
  They're to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 他们定于明日到达上海。 
  表示必要或命令。如: 
  You are to hand in your exercise this afternoon. 你们必须今天下午把练习交来。 
  Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我要继续做下去吗? 
  表示可能。如: 
  Such books are to be found in any library. 这种书在哪个图书馆都能找到。 
  Not a sound was to be heard. 一点声音也听不到。 
(4) 与具有动作特征的形容词构成祈使句。如: 
  Be quick! 快点! 
(5) 用于虚拟语气。如: 
  If I were at school again, I would study harder. 如果我再次上学,我会更加努力学习。 
 2. have 
  have有has,have,had三种形式,主要用法如下: 
(1) 后接过去分词,构成完成时态:表示一段时间内已经完成的动作或存在的情况。如: 
  [现在完成时] 
Jones has had a car accident, and he is now unable to do his work. 21·cn·jy·com 
琼斯出了车祸,他现在无法办公。 
  [过去完成时] 
  We had never met before. 我们以前从未见过面。 
  [将来完成时] 
  They will have got there by ten o'clock. 他们10点前已经到达那儿。 
(2) 后接现在分词,构成完成进行时态:表示一段时间内一直进行的动作。如: 
  [现在完成进行时] 
  She has been teaching there for twelve years. 她在那里教了12年书。 
  [过去完成进行时] 
  Bruce said he had been waiting for a reply. 布鲁斯说他一直在等候回信。 
(3) 用于虚拟语气。如: 
  If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你早点来,就能赶上公共汽车。 
  Alan wished he had seen the film. 艾伦希望他看过这部电影。 
 3. do 
(1) 助动词do用来构成疑问句、否定句以及祈使句。如: 
  [特殊疑问句] 
  How do you like the weather in Beijing? 你觉得北京的天气怎么样? 
  [否定句] 
  We do not often go there. 我们不常去那里。 
  [反意疑问句] 
  She speaks good English, doesn't she? 她英语讲得很好,对吗?【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】 
  [祈使句] 
  Do be quiet! 安静点! 
(2) 用于替代和强调。如: 
I don't like s_ports__and neither does my brother. (does=My brother doesn't like sports.) 
我不喜欢体育运动,我弟弟也不喜欢。 
  —Your father promised you a bike. 你父亲答应给你买一辆自行车。 
  —So he did. (did=He promised me a bike.) 他是答应过。 
  I do think you are right. 我的确认为你是对的。 
 4. shall和will 
  助动词shall和will_???è????????è?????_,在一般将来时中,shall和will之后都接动词原形。shall用于第一人称的将来时态;will用于第二、三人称的将来时态,第一人称也可用will。如:www.21-cn-jy.com 
  I shall think it over. 我要好好考虑一下。 
  He will be sixteen years old next month. 他下个月将是16岁。【版权所有:21教育】 
  You will have an English examination tomorrow. 你们明天有英语考试。 
 5. should和would 
(1) should无词义,是shall的过去式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称。如: 
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 【出处:21教育名师】 
我昨天给他打电话,问他下周我干什么? 
(2) would无词义,是will的过去式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、三人称。如: 
  Jim said he would come. 吉姆说他要来。 
_21?????????è?????(www.21cnjy.com)_