高中英语语法之16谓语

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名称 高中英语语法之16谓语
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更新时间 2022-03-01 14:15:58

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真高中英语语法之·谓语
目 录
A 谓语的类型
???? 简单谓语
???? 复合谓语
B 主谓一致
???? 主谓人称上的一致
???? 代词作主语
???? 集体名词作主语
???? 某些名词后的谓语
???? 某些结构中的谓语
学以致用
Unit 16 谓 语
  谓语是说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。是句子中必不可少的成分。它是由“简单动词、动词短语、助动词或情态动词+主要动词”构成。21·cn·jy·com
  
A 谓语的类型
1. 简单谓语
(1) 由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语。如:
  We plant trees in spring every year. 我们每年春天都种许多树。2·1·c·n·j·y
  The plane took off at seven o'clock. 飞机7点起飞。
  They have _been_w_orking on the project for many years. 这项工程他们已经进行许多年了。
(2) 大量成语动词也可以构成简单谓语。如:
  He has fallen in love with her. 他爱上她了。
  How did things turn out? 事情最后怎么样了?
  I'm running up against problems. 我遇到了问题。
2. 复合谓语
  复合谓语由两部分构成,有不同的情况,现分别举例如下:
(1) 由“情态动词+动词原形”或“不定式和另外的词”构成的复合谓语。如:
  Can you speak French? 你会讲法语吗?
  You ought to begin with English 900. 你应从《英语900句》开始学。
  They seemed to respect the old professor very much. 看起来他们非常尊敬这位老教授。
  许多带复合宾语的句子在变成被动结构后, 谓语的类型也包含了一个复合谓语。如:
  Jack was seen to swim across the river. 有人看到杰克游过河了。【出处:21教育名师】
  The curtains were dyed purple. 窗帘被染成了紫色。
  This__can't_ be considered a satisfactory solution. 这不能认为是一个令人满意的解决办法。
(2) 由“连系动词+表语”构成的复合谓语。如:
  Taiwan is an island. 台湾是一个岛屿。
  The weather has turned cold. 天气已经变冷了。
  有时一个不及物动词后面跟一个形容词或名词,作用接近于表语,说明主语的状态或特征。从这个意义上说,它们也是一种复合谓语。如:
  The day dawned misty and overcast. 这天天亮时,雾气很重,天上布满乌云。
  They parted the best of friends. 他们分手时已是最好的朋友了。
She suffered a great deal in her life, but died a rich woman.
她一生受了许多苦,但死时很富有。
  He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被认为是本城最好的医生。
B 主谓一致
  主谓一致,是指主语和_è°?è????¨è????¨???_称和数上保持一致。在现代英语中,除动词to be和to have有不同的人称形式,其他动词除只有一般现在时的第三人称单数外,其余的人称在动词形式上没有特殊的标记。因此,主谓一致主要指主语和谓语动词在数的方面保持一致。具体如下:21世纪教育网版权所有
1. 主谓人称上的一致
(1) 通常情况下,主语和谓语动词必须在人称上保持一致。如:
The results of the exam show that you've all made good progress.
考试结果说明你们取得了很大的进步。
  The questions raised by Mr White are very important. 怀特先生提出的问题很重要。
The theory put forward by these scientists is perfectly sound.
这些科学家提出的理论是完全合理的。
(2) 如果主语表示一个抽象概念,谓语动词通常要用单数形式。如:
  Growing flowers is no easy job. 养花是件不容易的活。
  Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health. 吸烟危害健康。
That we have made amazing achievements is an undeniable fact.
我们取得的惊人成就是不容否认的事实。
(3) 由and连接的两个或_??¤??????????????°_名词或代词作主语,若指同一个人或物,或指同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式;若指两个或两个以上的人或物,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The iron _and_st_eel industry plays an important part in our national economy.
钢铁工业在国民经济中起着重要的作用。
  To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试失败总比不尝试好。
To mean to do so_methin_g and actually do something are two different things.
打算做一件事和实际上做一件事完全是两回事。
(4) 主_è????????wit_h,as much as,together with,as well as,in addition to,but,except等介词引导的短语时,谓语动词和连接词前的主语保持一致。如:
An expert_,_toge_ther with some assistants, was sent there to help in the work.
一位专家,带着几个助手,被派到那里帮助工作。
  No one but myself knows what really happened. 除了我,没有人知道发生了什么。
Justice, as wel_l_as_t_he law, demands that these banditti be severely punished.
正义和法律都要求严惩这些匪徒。
2. 代词作主语
(1) each和 some,any,no,every构成的代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
  Each of the houses is painted a different colour. 每栋房子都被漆成了不同的颜色。
  Everybody praises the film. 人人都称赞这部电影。
  Everything was ready. 一切都准备好了。
Another is to ensure all children complete primary education. 21*cnjy*com
另一个目标是确保所有的孩子都能完成初级教育。
(2) al_l???more_,most,some,any,part,half,the rest,the majority等表示部分概念或不定数量的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词取决于后接名词的单、复数形式。如:
Some of the techniques of good readers are discussed below.
以下讨论优秀读者的一些技巧。
All of this i_s_wond_erful, but the best part of the film is the acting.
所有这些都很精彩,但电影最精彩的部分是表演。
All of th_e_even_ing papers are delivered by post, so you can always read the latest news.
所有这些晚报都是邮寄的,因此,你通常可以读到最新消息。
(3) 疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如:
  Who is on the phone? 谁来的电话?Who are those people? 那些人是谁?
  注意
  在个别情况下,谓语动词的单、复数均可使用。如:
  Give me some if there (are) any. 如果还有,给我一些。
  Neither of us is (are) happy about the situation. 21教育网
  我们两人(谁)对这形式都感到不高兴。
  None of my friends has (have) been invited to the party. 21*cnjy*com
  我的朋友一个也(全)没有被邀请参加晚会。
3. 集体名词作主语
(1) 有些集体名词如cattle,folk,people,police,youth等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
  Cattle are grazing on the pasture. 牛群在牧场上吃草。
  The police are looking for him. 警察在搜寻他。
The medium are covering the presidential election thoroughly.
媒体详细地报道了总统选举的情况。
(2) pu_blic???f_amily,class,crowd,population,team,group,audience,committee等名词作主语时,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调构成该集体的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
His family isn't very large. 他家人不多。His family are all music lovers.
他家的人都是音乐爱好者。
The committee has a meeting twice a month. 委员会一月开两次会。
The committee are divided in opinion. 委员们意见有分歧。
One third of the population here are workers. 这里三分之一的人口是工人。
What's population of Europe? 欧洲人口有多少?
  注意
  有时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。如:
  The school's teaching staff is (are) excellent. 学校的教师素质极好。
  A company of travellers are (is) expected to arrive soon.
  一群游客预计即将到来。
  The local council is (are) in charge of repairing roads.
  地方委员会负责维修道路。
  The data is (are) correct. 这些资料(数据)是正确的。
(3) mankind,humanity,furniture,merchandise(商品)等作主语,谓语动词总是使用单数形式。如:
  The opposition was quick to reply to the charge. 反对党立即回应这项指控。
  If we take ef_fectiv_e measures to protect our environment, mankind is able to live in harmony with nature. 如果我们采取有效措施来保护环境,人类就能够与大自然和谐相处。
  The capitalist press was full of lies. 资本主义报刊充满谎言。
4. 某些名词后的谓语
(1) 通常情况下,复数名词后跟谓语动词的复数形式。如:
Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital.
在这家新医院花了成千上万英镑的钱。
  The first two years have been very successful. 头两年很成功。
  The other four are masterpieces. 另外四张都是杰作。
(2) 表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
  Six thousand _dollar_s is a large sum of money to her. 对她来说,6 000美元是一个大数目。
  Forty is a long way to walk in a day. 一天走40英里路太多了。www.21-cn-jy.com
  Ten years is a long time. 10年是很长一段时间。
(3) 有很多名词,随着意思的不同,谓语动词的单、复数形式均可使用。如:
Half of his work is to design programmes. 他的一半工作是设计程序。
Half of them go to private schools. 他们一半的人上私立学校。
A large proportion of the country is desert. 这个国家很大一部分是沙漠。
A high proportion of Americans go on to higher education.
很高比例的美国人继续接受高等教育。
The number of jobs is increasing. 工作的数目在增加。
There were a number of people out this afternoon. 今天下午有很多人出来。
(4) 有些单复数同形的名词,要根据意思决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如:
All means have been tried. 各种方法都尝试过了。One means is still to be tried.
还有一种方法尚待尝试。
The works have been closed since January. 这些工厂从一月起就关闭了。
The steel works is closed for the holidays. 节日期间钢铁厂不开工。
(5) 表示学科(mat_hemati_cs,physics,economics等)、不可数名词news或组织机构的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
  Mathematics is a compulsory subject at school. 数学是学校的必修课。
  The United Nat_ions_i_s one of the most important international organizations in keeping the world peace. 联合国是维护世界和平的最重要的国际组织之一。21·世纪*教育网
  A crossroads is a place where roads cross. 十字路口是两条路交叉的地方。
(6) 主语是glass_es???sho_rts,gloves,scissors,trousers等两部分构成的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The tro_users__are worn out, so a pair of new trousers is going to be bought.
裤子穿破了,因此我打算买一条新的。
  Scales are an instrument for weighing. 天平是称重量的一种仪器。
5. 某些结构中的谓语
(1) 在either...o_r???neit_her....nor等连接的名词(代词)作并列主语时,谓语动词的单、复数与靠近的主语保持一致。如:【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
  Not only t_he_emp_loyees but also the general manager hopes for a holiday during the Golden Week. 不仅是员工,而且总经理也盼望着黄金周期间放假。
  Neither John nor the two sisters know the answer. 约翰和两姐妹都不知道答案。
Not the students but their teachers are invited to the party. 【版权所有:21教育】
被邀请去参加聚会的不是学生,而是他们的老师。
(2) 由there或here引起的句子,谓语动词通常也和最邻近的主语保持一致。如:
  There were two apple trees and a pear tree. 这里有两棵苹果树,一棵梨树。
  Here is a pencil-box and a few pencils. 这儿有一个铅笔盒,几支铅笔。
(3) 关_??????è??who_,which,that作从句的主语,从句的谓语动词应和先行词的数保持一致。若先行词是“one of+复数名词”,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式;如果先行词是“the only one+复数名词”,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如: www-2-1-cnjy-com
We saw abando_ned_fa_rms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
我们看到废弃的农场,这些农场是一百多年前建成的。
She is _only_o_ne of the teachers who were praised by the government on Teach-ers' Day.
她是在教师节那天受政府表彰的唯一教师。
She is th_e_only_ one of the girls who has been a winner of the scholarship for three years.
她是唯一连续三年获得奖学金的女孩。
_21?????????è?????(www.21cnjy.com)_