高中英语语法之21同位语

文档属性

名称 高中英语语法之21同位语
格式 doc
文件大小 1.2MB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2022-03-01 14:15:58

图片预览

文档简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真高中英语语法之·同位语
目 录
A 同位语的表示法
B 同位语从句
C 同位语从句与定语从句的比较
学以致用
Unit 21 同位语
  当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同等位置时,一个句子可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语。这两个句子成分多用名(代)词来表示。两者的语法形式相同,但功用不同。同位语通常多放在其所说明的名(代)词之后。同位语分为限制性同位语和非限制性同位语两种。2·1·c·n·j·y
(1) 限制性同位语和前面的词关系比较紧密,中间不能停顿。如:
  The book was written ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) by the Russian novelist Turgenev. 这本书是俄国小说家屠格涅夫写的。 21*cnjy*com
  We teachers should be responsible for it. 我们老师应对此负责。21教育名师原创作品
(2) 非限制性同位语与前面的词关系比较松散,同位语之间常用逗号隔开,表示略有停顿。如:
They are going to visit Tsingtao, a summer resort in northern China.
他们准备参观中国北方的避暑胜地——青岛。
The layout pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an was completed within three months, half the usual time.
设计图在三个月内就完成了,只用了通常的一半时间。
A 同位语的表示法
(1) 名词词组作同位语:
  名词同位语有时可附带修饰成分,修饰整个名词词组。如:
Simon, at that t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime a young research worker, was lured on to destruction by money.
西蒙当时是一个年轻科研人员,被金钱诱惑而走向了毁灭。
  The island, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) once the paradise for birds and animals, is now a dead place with no life or vegetation. 这座岛曾经是鸟类和动物的天堂,现在却是一个不毛之地,没有生物,也没有植物。2-1-c-n-j-y
(2) 形容词词组作同位语:
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
老老少少都走上街头来观看游行。
The slopes, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bare six years ago, are now covered with three million fruit trees.
这些山坡,六年前还光秃秃的,现在却种上了300万棵果树。
  有时,形容词词组作同位语也可看作是定语。如:
Selfless and a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nxious to help others, he led a simple life and worked with application.
他毫无私心,乐于助人,生活俭朴,工作勤奋。
  Full of youthful vigour, he was diligent and modest. 他充满活力,勤奋而又谦虚。
He has everything a man can aspire:love, wealth and position. 21·cn·jy·com
一个人所能向往的他都有:爱情、财富和地位。
  Only one problem remains—the shortage of money. 唯一的问题是缺少资金。
(3) 动名词短语作同位语:
  Asking him to join us, that is a good idea. 让他来参加我们的活动,这是个好主意。
  That's my pleasure, doing you a favour. 乐于助人,是我乐意做的事。
Curing the children an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d beating them—is that the only way to teach them
打骂孩子,这是教他们的唯一方法吗?
(4) 副词短语作同位语:
They visited eight cities, for example, Paris and Berlin. 21·世纪*教育网
他们访问了8座城市,例如:巴黎和柏林。
  The children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) like the animals, particularly the monkeys. 孩子们都喜欢动物,特别是猴子。
I want very much to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee these films, especially the one you mentioned.
我很想看这些电影,特别是你提到的那一部。
(5) 不定式短语作同位语:
  There's one thing he'll never do—tell lies. 他从不做的一件事就是撒谎。
  To talk about thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngs you don't know—that is foolish. 谈论些你不知道的事情是愚蠢的。
  The question what to do next hasn't been solved. 接下来该做的问题没有解决。
B 同位语从句
  同位语从句指该从句与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主句中的先行词(名词或名词短语)构成同位语关系,它的功能是对该先行词所表达的内容作进一步的解释或说明。同位语从句大多由连词that引导,但也可以由whether、连接代词和连接副词引导。21*cnjy*com
(1) 由连词that引导
  在that引导的同位语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之前常用的名词有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。如:
He referred to Copern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icus' statement that the earth moves round the sun.
他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
I've come from Mr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你,他今天下午不能来看你了。
  Einstein came to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the uni-verse is that of light. 爱因斯坦得出的结论是,宇宙中的最大速度是光速。
  注意
  当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时,可以把谓语动词提前,使同位语从句与名词隔开,以避免头重脚轻的现象。如:
Word came that Mr P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )resident would come and inspect our school himself.
有消息说总统先生将亲自来我们学校视察。
(2) 由连词whether引导。如:
We are in doubt whethe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r he is capable of performing his duties perfectly.
我们怀疑他是否能够尽职尽责。
  Few surgeon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s can answer the question whether a person over ninety can survive a major operation. 很少外科医生能回答这样的问题,一个90岁以上的人做一次大手术之后能否继续生存。【出处:21教育名师】
(3) 由连接代词that,who,连接副词how,why引导。如:
  Next comes the question what you want it for. 下一个问题是你要它干什么。
The question who is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) responsible for the accident hasn't been settled.
谁为这个事故负责的问题还没有解决。
  I have no idea why he brought that up again. 我不明白他为什么又提出了那个问题。
(4) 在一些表示“建议、命令、要求”等意义的名词后的同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。如:
This is our only requ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
尽快解决这个问题,是我们唯一的请求。
  He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。
C 同位语从句与定语从句的比较
(1) 同位语从句与前面 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如:
  The news that I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have passed the exam is true. 我通过考试这一消息是真的。(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。) The news that he told me just now is true. 他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。)
(2) 引导同位语从句的that是连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接主句和从句的作用;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如: 21世纪教育网版权所有
The idea that com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )puters can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
(that在从句中不充当任何成分)
The idea that he gave surprises many people. 他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
(the idea在从句中作gave的宾语)
(3) 同位语从句的先行词应是表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示抽象概念的词,如idea,belief,conclusion,impression等;而定语从句的先行词可以是各种表示抽象概念或具体概念的词。如:
The conclusion that no man but errs is well-grounded. 【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
“人皆有错”这个结论是极有道理的。(同位语从句,that不可省)
The conclusion (that) they arrived at after much discussion is right.【版权所有:21教育】
他们经过多次讨论得出的结论是正确的。(定语从句,that可省)
She received the message that he would come by plane.
她收到了他将乘坐飞机来的消息。(同位语从句)
She received the message (that) you sent her a few days ago.
你几天前给她发的信息收到了。(定语从句)
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)