高中英语语法之23句子类型
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真高中英语语法之·句子类型
目 录
A 主语+不及物动词
B 主语+及物动词+宾语
???? 主语+及物动词+名词（代词）
???? 主语+及物动词+反身代词
???? 主语+动词+同源宾语
???? 主语+成语动词+宾语
???? 主语+及物动词+不定式
???? 主语+及物动词+动名词
???? 主语+及物动词+that引导的从句
???? 主语+及物动词+连接代词（副词）引导的从句
C 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
???? 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词
???? 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句
D 主语+系动词+表语
???? 主语+系动词+形容词
???? 主语+系动词+名词或代词
???? 主语+系动词+副词
???? 主语+系动词+不定式
???? 主语+系动词+介词短语
???? 主语+系动词+动名词
???? 主语+系动词+从句
???? 主语+系动词+形容词引起的某些结构
E 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词（作补语）
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词（作补语）
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语（作补语）
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+副词（作补语）
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式（作补语）
主语+及物动词+宾语+分词（作补语）
Unit 23 句子类型
句子的主要组成部分是主语和_è°?è?????è??è°?è??_都是由动词构成的。因此，动词在句子中起着极其重要的作用，可以说是句子的核心。在英语中，各类动词后有不同的结构，从而构成下列五种不同的句型。
A 主语+不及物动词
(1) 在大多数情况下，动词后面可带有状语。如：
They walked leisurely in the park. 他们在公园里悠闲地走着。
Have you been waiting long? 你等了很长时间吗？
You go first and I will follow behind. 你先走，我随后就到。
注意
在有些动词后可跟名词作状语。如：
The show lasted two hours. 演出持续了两小时。
The temperature rose ten degrees. 气温上升了10度。
(2) 动词与副词连用构成成语动词。如：
When did the war break out? 战争是什么时候爆发的？
To our delight, the sun burst forth. 让我们高兴的是，太阳出来了。
Business dropped off during the summer. 夏天，生意冷清起来。21·cn·jy·com
When the judge became ill, he had to step down. 法官生病后不得不辞职。
(3) 有些动词可用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
My play is acting wonderfully well. 我的话剧演出情况极好。
This dress fastens at the back. 这件连衣裙是后面扣的。
The poems don't translate well. 这些诗不好翻译。
The apartment rents for $ 700 a month. 这套房子每月租金700美元。
Her family traces back to Paul Revere. 她的家庭可追溯到保罗·里维尔。
B 主语+及物动词+宾语
1. 主语+及物动词+名词（代词）
(1) “主语+谓语+宾语”是英语中最常见的句型，在多数情况下宾语用名词或代词表示。如：
She loves music and plays the piano beautifully. 她热爱音乐，钢琴弹得很好。
Can you take my blood pressure? 你能量一下我的血压吗？
You can take the 9：30 train. 你可以乘坐9：30的火车。
Who discovered this new element? 这个新元素是谁发现的？
(2) 有时动词和名词构成一种习惯用语，有其特别的意思。如：
You take the lead and we'll follow suit. 你带头，我们跟着干。
Make haste, or we'll miss the bus. 赶快，否则我们就赶不上公共汽车了。
The law will soon take effect. 这条法律即将生效。
We must draw a line between left and right. 我们必须分清是非。
2. 主语+及物动词+反身代词
(1) 有大量及物动词可以用反身代词作宾语。如：
Norman reproached himself for his behaviour that evening.
诺曼为那天晚上的行为责备了自己。
I don't mean to praise myself. I have my fault. 我不想赞扬自己，我有我的缺点。
Emma freed herself from his embrace. 埃玛从他的拥抱中挣脱出来。
(2) 反身代词也可用在某些固定的词组中。如：
Many students absented themselves from the class. 许多学生没来上课。
I must excuse myself from coming to the party, I am ill.
我请求不来参加晚会，我身体不舒服。
The child cried himself to sleep. 这孩子哭着哭着睡着了。
(3) 在某些动词后，有无反身代词均可使用。比较下面的句子：
Do you shave yourself or go to the barbers? 你自己刮胡子还是去理发店刮呢？
He only shaves once a week. 他一星期只刮一次胡子。
While she is working, she hides herself in her room. 21·世纪*教育网
她工作时，总躲在自己房间里。
The child was hiding behind the sofa. 那个孩子躲在长沙发后面。
3. 主语+动词+同源宾语
有些动词通常为不及物动词，却可以用一个与之同源的名词构成宾语，这种宾语称为同源宾语。如：
They lived a happy life. 他们过着幸福的生活。
The bride and bridegroom were to dance the Rose-dance together.
新娘和新郎将一起跳玫瑰舞。
Think happy thoughts and you'll feel better. 想些高兴的事，你会感觉好些。
4. 主语+成语动词+宾语
成语动词可分为：
(1) 及物动词+副词
The teacher gave out the examination papers. 老师分发了考卷。
They put off the picnic because of the rain. 由于下雨，他们推迟了野餐。
The government set up many hospitals for them. 政府为他们建立了许多医院。
这类句子也常用于被动结构。如：
Everything he said was at once put down. 他说的每句话被马上写了下来。
When was the theory first put forward? 这个理论最初是什么时候提出的？
Another supermarket has been put up near my house. 我们家附近又修了一座超市。
(2) 不及物动词+介词
I called on her this evening. 我今晚拜访了她。
They met with stubborn resistance. 他们遭到顽强的抵抗。
In the library he came upon Kipps. 他在图书馆碰到了开普斯。
(3) 不及物动词+介词+名词
The new law comes into force next May. 这条新法律明年5月生效。
The trees are coming into blossom. 树都要开花了。
The train come to a stop. 火车停了下来。
After the death of Napoleon, his empire began to fall into pieces.
拿破仑死后，他的帝国就分崩离析了。
(4) 不及物动词+副词+介词
People looked down upon them. 人们看不起他们。
I should break away with such habits. 我应改掉这种习惯。
I must catch up with my work. 我必须把缺的工作补上。
We have to face up to the situation. 我们不得不面对形势。
(5) 及物动词+名词+介词
I caught sight (a glimpse) of Fred in the crowd. 我在人群中看到了弗雷德。
Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。
His words ga_ve_ris_e to a considerable amount of speculation. 他的话引起了相当大的猜测。
(6) 及物动词+反身代词+介词短语
Albert associated himself with this campaign. 艾伯特参与了这项运动。
Bob indulged himself with the best of food. 鲍勃尽情享受美食。
Derek addressed himself to the main difficulty. 德里克着手解决主要困难。
5. 主语+及物动词+不定式
(1) 有大量及物动词后面可以跟不定式作宾语。如：
Raymond de_termin_ed to travel no further that night. 雷蒙德决定那天晚上不再往前走了。
They managed to get what they wanted. 他们设法得到了他们想要的东西。
Martin deserved to be sent to prison. 马丁应当送进监狱。
(2) 有些动词后可用“连接副（代）词+不定式”作宾语。如：
She didn't know how to answer. 她不知道怎么回答。
You ought to learn how to be patient. 你应当学会有耐心。
I was wondering where to spend the weekend. 我正在想该在哪里度过周末。
I'll remember how to do this in future. 以后我会记住该怎么做。
6. 主语+及物动词+动名词
(1) 有许多动词后常用动名词作宾语。如：
Why have they delayed answering our letter? 他们为什么迟迟不回我们的信？
Barbara considered giving a new course. 巴巴拉考虑开设一门新课。
I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。
(2) 有些动词后面既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，在某些情况下两种结构差别不大。如：
What do you propose doing? 你打算怎么办？
What do you propose to do with the letter? 这封信你打算怎么办？
Don't neglectlockingto lockthe door when you leave. 你离开时，别忘了锁门。
7. 主语+及物动词+that引导的从句
(1) 有大量动词可以跟that引起的从句作宾语，有时that可省略。如：
The repo_rt_sho_ws that the police are still popular with the majority of the public.
这份报告证明警方在大多数民众中仍然有威信。
I estimate__(that_) it'll take three months to build the house. 我估计盖这座房子需要3个月。
She claimed that the ring was stolen, not lost.
她声称这只戒指是被偷走的，而不是丢失的。
(2) 在某些动词后从句中的谓语要用动词原形或“should+动词原形”。如：
The King ordered that the man be released. 国王命令释放那个人。
The gen_eral_d_irected that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
注意
这类句子有时可用于被动结构，用先行词it作形式主语，真正的主语是 that从句。如：
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
It was p_ropose_d that this matter be considered at the next meeting.
有人提议这件事下次会议再讨论。
(3) 在某些动词后，从句的谓语动词可用其他形式来表示。如：
[虚拟语气]
I wish you wouldn't smoke any more. 我希望你别再抽烟了。
[含有should]
God f_orbid__that I should ever say nasty things about you. 我保证不说你的坏话。
[含有情态动词can]
The contract provides that he can't work for another studio.
合同规定他不能为别的制片厂工作。
(4) 有时可用先行词it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句。如：
They t_ook_it_ for granted that children are much more sophisticated than they really are.
他们理所当然地认为孩子们比他们的实际年龄世故得多。
You may depend upon it that we shall never lose heart. 你放心，我们绝不会灰心。
Legend has it that Wu Song is buried at Hangzhou. 传说武松葬在杭州。
8. 主语+及物动词+连接代词（副词）引导的从句
(1) 有不少及物动词后可跟连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。如：
You can dis_cuss_w_hich section is the most exciting incident in the story.
你们可以讨论哪部分是这个故事中最激动人心的事。
Be ware what you do with this dangerous substance. 当心，你怎样处理这个危险物质。
Astronomers can calculate when there will be eclipses of the moon. 【版权所有：21教育】
天文学家能计算出什么时候会发生月食。
(2) 在某些动词后，从句可以用whether 或if 引导。如：
She asked whether (if) he could stay another day. 她问，他是否可以再逗留一天。
I wonder whether (if) it's large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。
Cecil began to question if there was some truth in what she said.
塞西尔开始质疑她的话是否有道理。
(3) 有时从句由关系代词型的what或whatever引导。如：
Show me what you've bought. 把你买的东西拿给我看看。
I will do whatever you wish. 我将做你愿意做的一切事情。
Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。
(4) 在某些动词后，从句可以转化为不定式结构。如：
I was wondering how to get there quickly. 我想知道怎样能最快到达那里。
I'll discuss with you what to do next. 我将和你讨论下一步该怎么办。
I can't decide whom to invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。
(5) 有些动词可以和介词构成动词短语，用疑问词引导的从句作宾语（介词有时可省略）。如：
I'll think over what we had better do. 我将考虑一下我们最好做什么呢。
That largely depends upon how you do it. 那在很大程度上取决于你怎样做。
The man hesitated (about) what he should do next. 那个人犹豫下一步该怎么办。
注意
这类从句有时可改为不定式结构。如：
We could not agree as to how best to do it.
我们不能就如何做最好取得一致意见。
(6) 有些“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语，后面也可跟疑问词引导的从句作宾语。如：
Take no notice of what they are saying about you. 不要理会他们谈论的关于你的事情。
Please make a guess at how old she is. 请猜猜她多大了。
The little boy gave an account of what had happened at home. 21世纪教育网版权所有
小男孩描述了家里发生的事情。
C 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
1. 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词
(1) 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为由to引导的短语。如：
My sister gave me a book (a book to each of us). 我姐姐给了我一本书。
The uncle passed her the bread (the bread to her). 叔叔把面包递给了她。
I hope this__will__not cause you any inconvenience(cause any inconvenience to you).
我希望这不会给你带来不便。
(2) 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语。如：
Linglin_g_sang_ us a Japanese song (a Japanese song for us). 玲玲给我们唱了一首日语歌曲。
The manage_r_orde_red them some new clothes(some new clothes for them).
经理给他们订购了一些新衣服。
Please cut me a piece of cake (a piece of cake to me). 请给我切一块蛋糕。
(3) 有些动词后的间接宾语不能改为to或for引导的短语。如：
Why do you ask me such a question? 你为什么问我这样一个问题？
I envy you your health. 我羡慕你的好身体。
The teacher set his students a difficult problem. 老师给学生们出了一道难题。
I mean you no harm. 我对你没有恶意。
2.主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句
(1) “主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句”中的从句可以由that引导。如：
May I remind you that the dinner-bell will ring presently? 2·1·c·n·j·y
我可否提醒你吃晚饭的铃马上就要响了呢？
I assure you that this medicine can't harm you. 我向你保证，这药对你无害。
We flatter ourselves that we can do without their help. 21教育名师原创作品
我们自认为，我们可以不需要他们的帮助。
(2) 由连接代词、连接副词、连词whether或if引导的从句。如：
[连接副词引导的从句]
He taught the children why they should love their country.
他教导孩子们，他们为什么要热爱祖国。
[连接代词引导的从句]
I seized the opportunity to inform her who he was. 我抓住机会告诉她，他是谁。
[whether引导的从句]
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是不是伤了她的感情。
[if引导的从句]
I asked her if I might call and see her. 我问她，我可否打电话去看她。
这类从句有时可转化为不定式结构。如：
Will you tell me how to do it? 你可不可以告诉我，应当怎样做呢？
They will teach her how to run the farm. 他们将教她怎样经营农场。
Please inform me how to find his house. 请告诉我怎么能找到他的家。
D 主语+系动词+表语
1. 主语+系动词+表语
(1) 有些系动词表示状态。如：
She's been ill for over a month. 她病了一个多月了。
These oranges taste nice. 这些橘子味道很好。
Roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花闻起来有香味。
(2) 有些系动词表示状态的改变或结果如何。如：
The child soon fell asleep. 孩子很快就睡着了。
Mrs Gerhardt became very fond of her. 盖哈特太太很喜欢她。21教育网
(3) 有些系动词表示状态的继续。如：
The shop stays open till seven o'clock. 商店一直营业到7点。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Georgia knew she must keep calm. 乔治亚知道她必须保持冷静。
You can rest assured that I'll do my best. 你可以放心，我会尽力而为的。
(4) 有少数动词表示被动的意思。如：
The water feels warm. 水很暖和。
The door blew open. 门被风刮开了。
This material has worn thin. 这种材料已经磨得很薄了。
(5) 有些系动词后跟现在分词或过去分词作表语。如：
A swim in cold water is very invigorating. 在冷水里游泳是很刺激的。
The tea smells inviting. 这茶香味扑鼻。
Please remain seated. 请坐下。
We were all worried about her safety. 我们都为她的安全担心。
(6) 有个别不及物动词可跟形容词作表语。如：
Sunday dawned beautiful and cloudless. 星期天天亮时，天气晴朗，万里无云。
Many talented people died young. 许多有才华的人年纪轻轻就去世了。
She stood irresolute, not knowing how to meet the situation.
她犹豫不定地站着，不知该如何面对局面。
2. 主语+系动词+名词或代词
(1) 有一些系动词后可以跟名词或代词作表语。如：
It appears to be a true story. 这似乎是一个真实的故事。
She seems an unusually clever girl. 她似乎是一个聪慧过人的姑娘。
It turned out a disaster. 结果是一场灾难。
(2) 有少数动词后跟名词作表语。如：
From these heated debates the Prime Minister emerged victor. www.21-cn-jy.com
在这些激烈的斗争中，这位首相获胜了。
Don't act the fool. 别发傻了。
They parted the best of friends. 他们分手时成了好朋友。
(3) 有些作表语的名词意思接近于形容词。如：
She is all skin and bones. 她瘦骨如柴。
All this is no use. 这一切都没有用。
They are the same size. 它们大小相同。
3. 主语+系动词+副词
(1) 动词be可以跟许多副词作表语。如：
I'll be around again this afternoon. 今天下午我再来。
He hid the money when nobody was by. 附近没人时，他把钱藏了起来。
The stretchers will be across at six a.m.. 担架清晨6点就能运过来。
(2) 有些副词在不同的语境中可以表达不同的意思。如：
down
Two trees are down. 吹倒了两棵树。
The telephone wise are down. 电话线刮倒了。
Sales are down. 销售量下降了。
The temperature is down. 气温下降了。
The little girl's down with flu. 小女孩得流感了。
off
He told me that the trip was off. 他告诉我，旅行取消了。
The milk is off. 牛奶坏了。
Christmas is not far off. 圣诞节不远了。
The electricity is off. 断电了。
The agreement is off. 协议失效了。
out
I was out in my calculations. 我算错了。
The truth is out at last. 最后真相大白了。
Is the result out? 结果发表了吗？
That's completely out. 那完全不可能。
Soon the first game was out. 不久，第一场比赛结束了。
up
She'll be up in a day or two. 她一两天后就可以下床了。
Her hands were up. 她举起了双手。
The sun is up already. 太阳已经出来了。
The new house hasn't been up long. 那座新房子盖起来没多久。
Time is up. 时间到了。
I was up last night. 我昨晚没睡觉。
注意
除了be之外，还有少数其他系动词也有此用法。如：
I feel down today. 我今天情绪很低沉。
He looks awfully down. 他情绪很低落。
She stayed up reading until midnight. 她一直看书到深夜。
You keep away from those chaps. 你避开那些家伙。
4. 主语+系动词+不定式
(1) 有些名词作主语的句子，可用“系动词+不定式”作谓语。如：
Her objective is to get a college education. 她的目标是接受大学教育。
The best tacti_c_is_t_o confess and ask her forgiveness. 最好的办法是认错并请求她的宽恕。
The problem was to find the right place quickly. 问题是迅速找到合适的地方。
(2) “主语+系动词+不定式”中的不定式可用于被动式。如：
That's not to be taken too seriously. 那不可看得太认真。
These pil_ls_are_ to be taken three times a day after meals. 这些药每天饭后吃3次。
Surely she was to be trusted. 肯定她是值得信赖的。
(3) 有时主语和表语都可用不定式表示。如：
To do two things at once is to do neither. 同时做两件事，一件也做不成。
To talk to him is to talk to a wall. 和他谈话是对牛弹琴。
To do that is to ruin yourself. 这样做只会毁了你自己。
5. 主语+系动词+介词短语
(1) 大部分介词都可构成短语作表语。如：
—How far is it from here? 它离这儿有多远？
—Just around the corner. 就在拐角处。
The darkest hour is before the dawn. 最黑暗的时间就是黎明前。www-2-1-cnjy-com
Who is over you in your new job? 在你的新工作单位，谁是你的上司？
(2) 有些介词可与名词连用，表达多种意思。如：
at
His ideas were at variance with ours. 他的意见和我们的不一致。
Leila was at a disadvantage. 莉拉处于不利地位。
Summer was at its height. 正值盛夏。
She was at her worst. 她现在情绪很糟。
Ruth was at the piano. 鲁思正在弹钢琴。
The blossom was at its brightest. 花开得正旺。
She was at her happiest in her home. 她在家心情最好。
Business was at a standstill. 业务停滞了。
I'm at the end of my forces. 我已用尽力气。
beyond
The road is beyond that hill. 公路在山那边。
The rumour is beyond belief. 谣言不可信。
She is beyond my control. 她是我控制不了的。
All this is beyond my comprehension. 这一切我都无法理解。
Good advice is beyond price. 良言无价。
He was beyond the help of the doctor. 他是医生无法治疗的。
in
Gorden's still in danger. 戈登仍处在危险期。
The old man's in good spirits. 那位老人情绪很好。
The house was in ruins. 房子已成废墟。
She is in good health. 她身体很好。
The room was in disorder. 房间很乱。
Henry had never been in love before. 亨利以前从未恋爱过。
Ada was in the wrong. 艾达错了。
Nobody was in opposition. 没有人反对。
A revolution was in full swing. 革命正处于高潮中。
Congress was in session. 国会正在开会。
of
They are of middle height. 他们中等身材。
Simon is of the same opinion. 西蒙也有同样的看法。
Peter is of a different way of thinking. 彼得是另一种想法。21*cnjy*com
It is of any use to you? 这对你有用吗？
They _tried__artificial respiration but it was of no avail. 他们试着做人工呼吸，但没有用。
Would it be of benefit to her? 这对她有好处吗？
I hope it will be of assistance to you. 我希望这对你有帮助。
They are of the same sex. 他们性别相同。
on
He is on the defensive now. 他现在处于守势。
Be on the look out for pickpockets. 谨防扒手。
The manager's always on the go. 经理老是忙忙碌碌的。
Who's on the phone? 谁来的电话？
I was on my holidays. 我正在休假。
Crimes were on the rise. 犯罪率上升了。
The nurse was on call. 护士等候召唤。
The show is on the air. 演出正在转播。
It was on the brink of war. 它正处于战争的边缘。
out of
My uncle was out of employment. 我叔叔失业了。
He was out of breath. 他气喘吁吁。
I've been out of touch with her. 我一直和她没有联系。
I'm a little out of sorts. 我身体不适。
The station was out of use. 车站废弃不用了。
Rest was out of the question. 休息是不可能的。
Peaches are out of season. 桃子下市了。
I was out of my element. 我与周围的环境格格不入。
under
The subject is under discussion. 问题正在讨论中。
I was under obligation to tell them. 我有责任告诉他们。
I'm under the weather. 我身体不适。
The fort was under attack. 要塞正受到攻击。
He was under fire. 他受到严厉批评。
They were under the impression that... 他们认为……
(3) 介词短语也可和一些其他系动词连用，作表语。如：
The soldiers ran out of ammunition. 士兵们用完了弹药。
We'll let you _know_a_s soon as production gets under way. 等生产一上轨道，我们就通知你。
I wish I could get out of debt. 但愿我能还清债务。
(4) 这种结构后也可跟“介词+名词+介词+名词或动名词”。如：
Who is in charge of this work? 谁负责这项工作？
He was in danger of losing his life. 他有丧失性命的危险。
The general is in command of the army. 这位将军指挥这支军队。21cnjy.com
The thief was in fear of the police. 小偷害怕警察。
These ballads are of special interest to us. 我们对这些歌谣特别感兴趣。
6. 主语+系动词+动名词
One of my weakness is smoking too much. 我的缺点之一是抽烟太多。
Our problem is not having sufficient raw material. 我们的问题是没有足够的原材料。
Doing that was playing with fire. 那样做是玩火。
Buying such a white elephant is simply wasting money. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
买这样大而无用的东西完全是浪费金钱。
7. 主语+系动词+从句
[that 引导的从句]
What surprised me was that she spoke English so well.
使我惊奇的是她的英语讲得这么好。
[连接代词引导的从句]
The problem is who can be put in charge of the work. 问题是谁来负责此事。
[连接副词引导的从句]
What I want to know is when all this happened.
我想知道的是，这些事都是什么时候发生的。
[连词whether引导的从句]
The point is whether we ought to recommend him. 问题是我们是否应该推荐他。
[关系代词what引导的从句]
That's what I hope. 这正是我所希望的。
8. 主语+系动词+形容词引起的某些结构
(1) 主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语。如：
We are short of fund. 我们缺乏资金。
He was conscious of his shortcomings. 他意识到他的缺点。
Papa is delighted with him. 爸爸很喜欢他。
(2) 主语+系动词+形容词+不定式。如：
She's sure to find out the clues tonight. 她今晚一定会发现线索的。
He's very been to see his birthplace again. 他迫切想重访他的出身地。
I'm inclined to agree with you. 我倾向于你的意见。
John is apt to be careless. 约翰常常粗心大意。
(3) 主语+系动词+形容词+从句。如：
[that引导的从句]
Everyone was aware that they were in conflict. 大家都知道他们之间有矛盾。
[连接代词引导的从句]
I'm doubtful what I ought to do. 我犹豫该怎么办。
[连接副词引导的从句]
I'm worried (about) how the money was spent. 我发愁钱是怎么花掉的。
[whether引导的从句]
They were uncertain whether they ought to go. 他们不能确定他们是否该去。
E 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
1. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词（作补语）
One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad.
一个疯狂的举动不足以证明一个人是疯子。
We wished the work complete, but it wasn't. 我们希望作品是完整的，但它不完整。
Everyone supposes him poor, but he's really quite wealthy. 2-1-c-n-j-y
大家都以为他很贫穷，其实他很富有。
You s_hould__count yourself lucky to have escaped serious injury. 你没受重伤应该感到幸运。
有时可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后。如：
I have to make it clear that my family is poor. 我得说清楚我家很穷。
They judged it better to start at once. 他们认为马上动身好一些。
We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.
我们认为要使历史的时钟倒转是不可能的。
2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词（作补语）
The Prime Minister nominated him Ambassador to France. 首相任命他为驻法大使。
Don't be formal, call me Jack. 不要太正式，叫我杰克好了。
They declared Newton President of the Royal Society. 他们宣布牛顿为皇家学会主席。
在这类动词后有时也可用先行词it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面。如：
He made i_t_a_ru_le to speak in parliament at least once every session.
他规定，国会每次开会他至少发一次言。
I felt it a te_rrible_ thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly.
我觉得母亲没完没了地干活太可怕了。
I shall al_ways_c_ount it a privilege to have known you. 我将永远记得认识你是件荣幸的事。
这类句子也可用于被动结构。如：
Who was chosen (to be) King? 谁被选为国王？
He was voted a fine teacher. 他被公认为是一名优秀的教师。
The play may be termed a tragicomedy. 这个剧可以称为悲喜剧。
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语（作补语）
The union should put its affairs in order. 工会应整顿它的事务。21*cnjy*com
The news of his safe arrival let my mind at rest. 他安全到达的消息让我放心了。
They declared themselves against the plan. 他们宣布反对这个计划。
这类句子也可用于被动结构。如：
The thing should be kept in good order. 这些东西要有序放置。
The thief was found in possession of the jewels. 他们发现珠宝都在小偷这儿。
The treaty is still considered in force. 条约仍然被认为有效。
4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+副词（作补语）
We wished the long journey over. 我们盼望这漫长的旅行结束。
—Who accomplished it? 谁完成这件事的？
—The women brought it off. 是那些女人完成的。
Count me in if you're going swimming. 如果你们去游泳，算我一个。
The examples he used drove his argument home. 他举的例子证明说明了他的论点。
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式（作补语）
(1) 在有些动词后的不定式通常只用to be这种形式。有时，也可用不定式的完成式或进行式。如：
[不定式to be结构]
Everyone reported him to be the best man for the job.
大家都说他是敢干这个工作最合适的人选。
[不定式的完成式]
They supposed man to have descended from animals. 他们认为人是由动物演变来的。
[不定式的进行式]
They thought him to be hiding in the woods. 他们认为他躲在树林里。
这类句子也常用于被动结构中。如：
You are expected to work late if need be. 必要时,你得加会儿班。
She was obliged to abandon the idea. 她被迫放弃了这个想法。
Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings. 参观的人请勿触摸展出的画作。
(2) 有时可用连接副词或连接代词+不定式，作宾语补足语。如：
[连接代词+不定式]
They will advise you what to do. 他们将给你出主意怎么办。
[连接副词+不定式]
I'll show you how to operate the machine. 我将给你演示怎么操作这台机器。
(3) 有些动词后的不定式不带to。如：
Delighted to hear you say that. 听你这样讲，我很高兴。
Let me show you how to do it. 让我来告诉你怎样做吧。
He helped the family conceal the disgrace. 他帮助家里人隐瞒了这件可耻的事情。
注意
这类句子变为被动结构时，必须加to。如：
He was made to work long hours. 他们让他长时间干活。
She was heard to leave the house. 有人听见她离开了屋子。
He was seen to pick up the purse. 有人看见他拣起了那个钱包。
(4) 有些成语动词后可跟这类复合宾语。如：
We depend on you to do it. 我们靠你做这件事。
I look to you to support me in this matter. 我指望你在这件事上支持我。
He signed to the waiter to bring the bill. 他做手势让服务员拿来账单。
We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我们在等雨停。
6. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词（作补语）
[现在分词作补语]
She felt the thought weighing on her mind heavily. 她觉得这想法沉重地压在她心上。
I'll have _you_al_l speaking English well within a year. 我要让你们在一年之内都讲好英文。
这种句子有时也用于被动结构。如：
The papers were left flying around. 文件被弄得到处乱飞。
She was ashamed _to_thi_nk she should be discovered doing such a thing.
她想到竟被人发现做这样一件事感到很羞愧。
He was noticed carrying a pack when he came in. 当他进来时，有人发现他拿着一个包。
[过去分词作补语]
He watched the television set carried out of the door. 他看着电视机被搬出了门。
We'll keep you informed of what's going on here. 我们将让你不断了解这儿发生的情况。
It's better to leave some things unsaid. 有些话还是不说为好。
_21?????????è?????(www.21cnjy.com)_
张道真高中英语语法之·句子类型
目 录
A 主语+不及物动词
B 主语+及物动词+宾语
???? 主语+及物动词+名词（代词）
???? 主语+及物动词+反身代词
???? 主语+动词+同源宾语
???? 主语+成语动词+宾语
???? 主语+及物动词+不定式
???? 主语+及物动词+动名词
???? 主语+及物动词+that引导的从句
???? 主语+及物动词+连接代词（副词）引导的从句
C 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
???? 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词
???? 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句
D 主语+系动词+表语
???? 主语+系动词+形容词
???? 主语+系动词+名词或代词
???? 主语+系动词+副词
???? 主语+系动词+不定式
???? 主语+系动词+介词短语
???? 主语+系动词+动名词
???? 主语+系动词+从句
???? 主语+系动词+形容词引起的某些结构
E 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词（作补语）
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词（作补语）
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语（作补语）
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+副词（作补语）
???? 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式（作补语）
主语+及物动词+宾语+分词（作补语）
Unit 23 句子类型
句子的主要组成部分是主语和_è°?è?????è??è°?è??_都是由动词构成的。因此，动词在句子中起着极其重要的作用，可以说是句子的核心。在英语中，各类动词后有不同的结构，从而构成下列五种不同的句型。
A 主语+不及物动词
(1) 在大多数情况下，动词后面可带有状语。如：
They walked leisurely in the park. 他们在公园里悠闲地走着。
Have you been waiting long? 你等了很长时间吗？
You go first and I will follow behind. 你先走，我随后就到。
注意
在有些动词后可跟名词作状语。如：
The show lasted two hours. 演出持续了两小时。
The temperature rose ten degrees. 气温上升了10度。
(2) 动词与副词连用构成成语动词。如：
When did the war break out? 战争是什么时候爆发的？
To our delight, the sun burst forth. 让我们高兴的是，太阳出来了。
Business dropped off during the summer. 夏天，生意冷清起来。21·cn·jy·com
When the judge became ill, he had to step down. 法官生病后不得不辞职。
(3) 有些动词可用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
My play is acting wonderfully well. 我的话剧演出情况极好。
This dress fastens at the back. 这件连衣裙是后面扣的。
The poems don't translate well. 这些诗不好翻译。
The apartment rents for $ 700 a month. 这套房子每月租金700美元。
Her family traces back to Paul Revere. 她的家庭可追溯到保罗·里维尔。
B 主语+及物动词+宾语
1. 主语+及物动词+名词（代词）
(1) “主语+谓语+宾语”是英语中最常见的句型，在多数情况下宾语用名词或代词表示。如：
She loves music and plays the piano beautifully. 她热爱音乐，钢琴弹得很好。
Can you take my blood pressure? 你能量一下我的血压吗？
You can take the 9：30 train. 你可以乘坐9：30的火车。
Who discovered this new element? 这个新元素是谁发现的？
(2) 有时动词和名词构成一种习惯用语，有其特别的意思。如：
You take the lead and we'll follow suit. 你带头，我们跟着干。
Make haste, or we'll miss the bus. 赶快，否则我们就赶不上公共汽车了。
The law will soon take effect. 这条法律即将生效。
We must draw a line between left and right. 我们必须分清是非。
2. 主语+及物动词+反身代词
(1) 有大量及物动词可以用反身代词作宾语。如：
Norman reproached himself for his behaviour that evening.
诺曼为那天晚上的行为责备了自己。
I don't mean to praise myself. I have my fault. 我不想赞扬自己，我有我的缺点。
Emma freed herself from his embrace. 埃玛从他的拥抱中挣脱出来。
(2) 反身代词也可用在某些固定的词组中。如：
Many students absented themselves from the class. 许多学生没来上课。
I must excuse myself from coming to the party, I am ill.
我请求不来参加晚会，我身体不舒服。
The child cried himself to sleep. 这孩子哭着哭着睡着了。
(3) 在某些动词后，有无反身代词均可使用。比较下面的句子：
Do you shave yourself or go to the barbers? 你自己刮胡子还是去理发店刮呢？
He only shaves once a week. 他一星期只刮一次胡子。
While she is working, she hides herself in her room. 21·世纪*教育网
她工作时，总躲在自己房间里。
The child was hiding behind the sofa. 那个孩子躲在长沙发后面。
3. 主语+动词+同源宾语
有些动词通常为不及物动词，却可以用一个与之同源的名词构成宾语，这种宾语称为同源宾语。如：
They lived a happy life. 他们过着幸福的生活。
The bride and bridegroom were to dance the Rose-dance together.
新娘和新郎将一起跳玫瑰舞。
Think happy thoughts and you'll feel better. 想些高兴的事，你会感觉好些。
4. 主语+成语动词+宾语
成语动词可分为：
(1) 及物动词+副词
The teacher gave out the examination papers. 老师分发了考卷。
They put off the picnic because of the rain. 由于下雨，他们推迟了野餐。
The government set up many hospitals for them. 政府为他们建立了许多医院。
这类句子也常用于被动结构。如：
Everything he said was at once put down. 他说的每句话被马上写了下来。
When was the theory first put forward? 这个理论最初是什么时候提出的？
Another supermarket has been put up near my house. 我们家附近又修了一座超市。
(2) 不及物动词+介词
I called on her this evening. 我今晚拜访了她。
They met with stubborn resistance. 他们遭到顽强的抵抗。
In the library he came upon Kipps. 他在图书馆碰到了开普斯。
(3) 不及物动词+介词+名词
The new law comes into force next May. 这条新法律明年5月生效。
The trees are coming into blossom. 树都要开花了。
The train come to a stop. 火车停了下来。
After the death of Napoleon, his empire began to fall into pieces.
拿破仑死后，他的帝国就分崩离析了。
(4) 不及物动词+副词+介词
People looked down upon them. 人们看不起他们。
I should break away with such habits. 我应改掉这种习惯。
I must catch up with my work. 我必须把缺的工作补上。
We have to face up to the situation. 我们不得不面对形势。
(5) 及物动词+名词+介词
I caught sight (a glimpse) of Fred in the crowd. 我在人群中看到了弗雷德。
Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。
His words ga_ve_ris_e to a considerable amount of speculation. 他的话引起了相当大的猜测。
(6) 及物动词+反身代词+介词短语
Albert associated himself with this campaign. 艾伯特参与了这项运动。
Bob indulged himself with the best of food. 鲍勃尽情享受美食。
Derek addressed himself to the main difficulty. 德里克着手解决主要困难。
5. 主语+及物动词+不定式
(1) 有大量及物动词后面可以跟不定式作宾语。如：
Raymond de_termin_ed to travel no further that night. 雷蒙德决定那天晚上不再往前走了。
They managed to get what they wanted. 他们设法得到了他们想要的东西。
Martin deserved to be sent to prison. 马丁应当送进监狱。
(2) 有些动词后可用“连接副（代）词+不定式”作宾语。如：
She didn't know how to answer. 她不知道怎么回答。
You ought to learn how to be patient. 你应当学会有耐心。
I was wondering where to spend the weekend. 我正在想该在哪里度过周末。
I'll remember how to do this in future. 以后我会记住该怎么做。
6. 主语+及物动词+动名词
(1) 有许多动词后常用动名词作宾语。如：
Why have they delayed answering our letter? 他们为什么迟迟不回我们的信？
Barbara considered giving a new course. 巴巴拉考虑开设一门新课。
I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。
(2) 有些动词后面既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，在某些情况下两种结构差别不大。如：
What do you propose doing? 你打算怎么办？
What do you propose to do with the letter? 这封信你打算怎么办？
Don't neglectlockingto lockthe door when you leave. 你离开时，别忘了锁门。
7. 主语+及物动词+that引导的从句
(1) 有大量动词可以跟that引起的从句作宾语，有时that可省略。如：
The repo_rt_sho_ws that the police are still popular with the majority of the public.
这份报告证明警方在大多数民众中仍然有威信。
I estimate__(that_) it'll take three months to build the house. 我估计盖这座房子需要3个月。
She claimed that the ring was stolen, not lost.
她声称这只戒指是被偷走的，而不是丢失的。
(2) 在某些动词后从句中的谓语要用动词原形或“should+动词原形”。如：
The King ordered that the man be released. 国王命令释放那个人。
The gen_eral_d_irected that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
注意
这类句子有时可用于被动结构，用先行词it作形式主语，真正的主语是 that从句。如：
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
It was p_ropose_d that this matter be considered at the next meeting.
有人提议这件事下次会议再讨论。
(3) 在某些动词后，从句的谓语动词可用其他形式来表示。如：
[虚拟语气]
I wish you wouldn't smoke any more. 我希望你别再抽烟了。
[含有should]
God f_orbid__that I should ever say nasty things about you. 我保证不说你的坏话。
[含有情态动词can]
The contract provides that he can't work for another studio.
合同规定他不能为别的制片厂工作。
(4) 有时可用先行词it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句。如：
They t_ook_it_ for granted that children are much more sophisticated than they really are.
他们理所当然地认为孩子们比他们的实际年龄世故得多。
You may depend upon it that we shall never lose heart. 你放心，我们绝不会灰心。
Legend has it that Wu Song is buried at Hangzhou. 传说武松葬在杭州。
8. 主语+及物动词+连接代词（副词）引导的从句
(1) 有不少及物动词后可跟连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。如：
You can dis_cuss_w_hich section is the most exciting incident in the story.
你们可以讨论哪部分是这个故事中最激动人心的事。
Be ware what you do with this dangerous substance. 当心，你怎样处理这个危险物质。
Astronomers can calculate when there will be eclipses of the moon. 【版权所有：21教育】
天文学家能计算出什么时候会发生月食。
(2) 在某些动词后，从句可以用whether 或if 引导。如：
She asked whether (if) he could stay another day. 她问，他是否可以再逗留一天。
I wonder whether (if) it's large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。
Cecil began to question if there was some truth in what she said.
塞西尔开始质疑她的话是否有道理。
(3) 有时从句由关系代词型的what或whatever引导。如：
Show me what you've bought. 把你买的东西拿给我看看。
I will do whatever you wish. 我将做你愿意做的一切事情。
Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。
(4) 在某些动词后，从句可以转化为不定式结构。如：
I was wondering how to get there quickly. 我想知道怎样能最快到达那里。
I'll discuss with you what to do next. 我将和你讨论下一步该怎么办。
I can't decide whom to invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。
(5) 有些动词可以和介词构成动词短语，用疑问词引导的从句作宾语（介词有时可省略）。如：
I'll think over what we had better do. 我将考虑一下我们最好做什么呢。
That largely depends upon how you do it. 那在很大程度上取决于你怎样做。
The man hesitated (about) what he should do next. 那个人犹豫下一步该怎么办。
注意
这类从句有时可改为不定式结构。如：
We could not agree as to how best to do it.
我们不能就如何做最好取得一致意见。
(6) 有些“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语，后面也可跟疑问词引导的从句作宾语。如：
Take no notice of what they are saying about you. 不要理会他们谈论的关于你的事情。
Please make a guess at how old she is. 请猜猜她多大了。
The little boy gave an account of what had happened at home. 21世纪教育网版权所有
小男孩描述了家里发生的事情。
C 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
1. 主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词
(1) 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为由to引导的短语。如：
My sister gave me a book (a book to each of us). 我姐姐给了我一本书。
The uncle passed her the bread (the bread to her). 叔叔把面包递给了她。
I hope this__will__not cause you any inconvenience(cause any inconvenience to you).
我希望这不会给你带来不便。
(2) 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语。如：
Linglin_g_sang_ us a Japanese song (a Japanese song for us). 玲玲给我们唱了一首日语歌曲。
The manage_r_orde_red them some new clothes(some new clothes for them).
经理给他们订购了一些新衣服。
Please cut me a piece of cake (a piece of cake to me). 请给我切一块蛋糕。
(3) 有些动词后的间接宾语不能改为to或for引导的短语。如：
Why do you ask me such a question? 你为什么问我这样一个问题？
I envy you your health. 我羡慕你的好身体。
The teacher set his students a difficult problem. 老师给学生们出了一道难题。
I mean you no harm. 我对你没有恶意。
2.主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句
(1) “主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句”中的从句可以由that引导。如：
May I remind you that the dinner-bell will ring presently? 2·1·c·n·j·y
我可否提醒你吃晚饭的铃马上就要响了呢？
I assure you that this medicine can't harm you. 我向你保证，这药对你无害。
We flatter ourselves that we can do without their help. 21教育名师原创作品
我们自认为，我们可以不需要他们的帮助。
(2) 由连接代词、连接副词、连词whether或if引导的从句。如：
[连接副词引导的从句]
He taught the children why they should love their country.
他教导孩子们，他们为什么要热爱祖国。
[连接代词引导的从句]
I seized the opportunity to inform her who he was. 我抓住机会告诉她，他是谁。
[whether引导的从句]
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是不是伤了她的感情。
[if引导的从句]
I asked her if I might call and see her. 我问她，我可否打电话去看她。
这类从句有时可转化为不定式结构。如：
Will you tell me how to do it? 你可不可以告诉我，应当怎样做呢？
They will teach her how to run the farm. 他们将教她怎样经营农场。
Please inform me how to find his house. 请告诉我怎么能找到他的家。
D 主语+系动词+表语
1. 主语+系动词+表语
(1) 有些系动词表示状态。如：
She's been ill for over a month. 她病了一个多月了。
These oranges taste nice. 这些橘子味道很好。
Roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花闻起来有香味。
(2) 有些系动词表示状态的改变或结果如何。如：
The child soon fell asleep. 孩子很快就睡着了。
Mrs Gerhardt became very fond of her. 盖哈特太太很喜欢她。21教育网
(3) 有些系动词表示状态的继续。如：
The shop stays open till seven o'clock. 商店一直营业到7点。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Georgia knew she must keep calm. 乔治亚知道她必须保持冷静。
You can rest assured that I'll do my best. 你可以放心，我会尽力而为的。
(4) 有少数动词表示被动的意思。如：
The water feels warm. 水很暖和。
The door blew open. 门被风刮开了。
This material has worn thin. 这种材料已经磨得很薄了。
(5) 有些系动词后跟现在分词或过去分词作表语。如：
A swim in cold water is very invigorating. 在冷水里游泳是很刺激的。
The tea smells inviting. 这茶香味扑鼻。
Please remain seated. 请坐下。
We were all worried about her safety. 我们都为她的安全担心。
(6) 有个别不及物动词可跟形容词作表语。如：
Sunday dawned beautiful and cloudless. 星期天天亮时，天气晴朗，万里无云。
Many talented people died young. 许多有才华的人年纪轻轻就去世了。
She stood irresolute, not knowing how to meet the situation.
她犹豫不定地站着，不知该如何面对局面。
2. 主语+系动词+名词或代词
(1) 有一些系动词后可以跟名词或代词作表语。如：
It appears to be a true story. 这似乎是一个真实的故事。
She seems an unusually clever girl. 她似乎是一个聪慧过人的姑娘。
It turned out a disaster. 结果是一场灾难。
(2) 有少数动词后跟名词作表语。如：
From these heated debates the Prime Minister emerged victor. www.21-cn-jy.com
在这些激烈的斗争中，这位首相获胜了。
Don't act the fool. 别发傻了。
They parted the best of friends. 他们分手时成了好朋友。
(3) 有些作表语的名词意思接近于形容词。如：
She is all skin and bones. 她瘦骨如柴。
All this is no use. 这一切都没有用。
They are the same size. 它们大小相同。
3. 主语+系动词+副词
(1) 动词be可以跟许多副词作表语。如：
I'll be around again this afternoon. 今天下午我再来。
He hid the money when nobody was by. 附近没人时，他把钱藏了起来。
The stretchers will be across at six a.m.. 担架清晨6点就能运过来。
(2) 有些副词在不同的语境中可以表达不同的意思。如：
down
Two trees are down. 吹倒了两棵树。
The telephone wise are down. 电话线刮倒了。
Sales are down. 销售量下降了。
The temperature is down. 气温下降了。
The little girl's down with flu. 小女孩得流感了。
off
He told me that the trip was off. 他告诉我，旅行取消了。
The milk is off. 牛奶坏了。
Christmas is not far off. 圣诞节不远了。
The electricity is off. 断电了。
The agreement is off. 协议失效了。
out
I was out in my calculations. 我算错了。
The truth is out at last. 最后真相大白了。
Is the result out? 结果发表了吗？
That's completely out. 那完全不可能。
Soon the first game was out. 不久，第一场比赛结束了。
up
She'll be up in a day or two. 她一两天后就可以下床了。
Her hands were up. 她举起了双手。
The sun is up already. 太阳已经出来了。
The new house hasn't been up long. 那座新房子盖起来没多久。
Time is up. 时间到了。
I was up last night. 我昨晚没睡觉。
注意
除了be之外，还有少数其他系动词也有此用法。如：
I feel down today. 我今天情绪很低沉。
He looks awfully down. 他情绪很低落。
She stayed up reading until midnight. 她一直看书到深夜。
You keep away from those chaps. 你避开那些家伙。
4. 主语+系动词+不定式
(1) 有些名词作主语的句子，可用“系动词+不定式”作谓语。如：
Her objective is to get a college education. 她的目标是接受大学教育。
The best tacti_c_is_t_o confess and ask her forgiveness. 最好的办法是认错并请求她的宽恕。
The problem was to find the right place quickly. 问题是迅速找到合适的地方。
(2) “主语+系动词+不定式”中的不定式可用于被动式。如：
That's not to be taken too seriously. 那不可看得太认真。
These pil_ls_are_ to be taken three times a day after meals. 这些药每天饭后吃3次。
Surely she was to be trusted. 肯定她是值得信赖的。
(3) 有时主语和表语都可用不定式表示。如：
To do two things at once is to do neither. 同时做两件事，一件也做不成。
To talk to him is to talk to a wall. 和他谈话是对牛弹琴。
To do that is to ruin yourself. 这样做只会毁了你自己。
5. 主语+系动词+介词短语
(1) 大部分介词都可构成短语作表语。如：
—How far is it from here? 它离这儿有多远？
—Just around the corner. 就在拐角处。
The darkest hour is before the dawn. 最黑暗的时间就是黎明前。www-2-1-cnjy-com
Who is over you in your new job? 在你的新工作单位，谁是你的上司？
(2) 有些介词可与名词连用，表达多种意思。如：
at
His ideas were at variance with ours. 他的意见和我们的不一致。
Leila was at a disadvantage. 莉拉处于不利地位。
Summer was at its height. 正值盛夏。
She was at her worst. 她现在情绪很糟。
Ruth was at the piano. 鲁思正在弹钢琴。
The blossom was at its brightest. 花开得正旺。
She was at her happiest in her home. 她在家心情最好。
Business was at a standstill. 业务停滞了。
I'm at the end of my forces. 我已用尽力气。
beyond
The road is beyond that hill. 公路在山那边。
The rumour is beyond belief. 谣言不可信。
She is beyond my control. 她是我控制不了的。
All this is beyond my comprehension. 这一切我都无法理解。
Good advice is beyond price. 良言无价。
He was beyond the help of the doctor. 他是医生无法治疗的。
in
Gorden's still in danger. 戈登仍处在危险期。
The old man's in good spirits. 那位老人情绪很好。
The house was in ruins. 房子已成废墟。
She is in good health. 她身体很好。
The room was in disorder. 房间很乱。
Henry had never been in love before. 亨利以前从未恋爱过。
Ada was in the wrong. 艾达错了。
Nobody was in opposition. 没有人反对。
A revolution was in full swing. 革命正处于高潮中。
Congress was in session. 国会正在开会。
of
They are of middle height. 他们中等身材。
Simon is of the same opinion. 西蒙也有同样的看法。
Peter is of a different way of thinking. 彼得是另一种想法。21*cnjy*com
It is of any use to you? 这对你有用吗？
They _tried__artificial respiration but it was of no avail. 他们试着做人工呼吸，但没有用。
Would it be of benefit to her? 这对她有好处吗？
I hope it will be of assistance to you. 我希望这对你有帮助。
They are of the same sex. 他们性别相同。
on
He is on the defensive now. 他现在处于守势。
Be on the look out for pickpockets. 谨防扒手。
The manager's always on the go. 经理老是忙忙碌碌的。
Who's on the phone? 谁来的电话？
I was on my holidays. 我正在休假。
Crimes were on the rise. 犯罪率上升了。
The nurse was on call. 护士等候召唤。
The show is on the air. 演出正在转播。
It was on the brink of war. 它正处于战争的边缘。
out of
My uncle was out of employment. 我叔叔失业了。
He was out of breath. 他气喘吁吁。
I've been out of touch with her. 我一直和她没有联系。
I'm a little out of sorts. 我身体不适。
The station was out of use. 车站废弃不用了。
Rest was out of the question. 休息是不可能的。
Peaches are out of season. 桃子下市了。
I was out of my element. 我与周围的环境格格不入。
under
The subject is under discussion. 问题正在讨论中。
I was under obligation to tell them. 我有责任告诉他们。
I'm under the weather. 我身体不适。
The fort was under attack. 要塞正受到攻击。
He was under fire. 他受到严厉批评。
They were under the impression that... 他们认为……
(3) 介词短语也可和一些其他系动词连用，作表语。如：
The soldiers ran out of ammunition. 士兵们用完了弹药。
We'll let you _know_a_s soon as production gets under way. 等生产一上轨道，我们就通知你。
I wish I could get out of debt. 但愿我能还清债务。
(4) 这种结构后也可跟“介词+名词+介词+名词或动名词”。如：
Who is in charge of this work? 谁负责这项工作？
He was in danger of losing his life. 他有丧失性命的危险。
The general is in command of the army. 这位将军指挥这支军队。21cnjy.com
The thief was in fear of the police. 小偷害怕警察。
These ballads are of special interest to us. 我们对这些歌谣特别感兴趣。
6. 主语+系动词+动名词
One of my weakness is smoking too much. 我的缺点之一是抽烟太多。
Our problem is not having sufficient raw material. 我们的问题是没有足够的原材料。
Doing that was playing with fire. 那样做是玩火。
Buying such a white elephant is simply wasting money. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
买这样大而无用的东西完全是浪费金钱。
7. 主语+系动词+从句
[that 引导的从句]
What surprised me was that she spoke English so well.
使我惊奇的是她的英语讲得这么好。
[连接代词引导的从句]
The problem is who can be put in charge of the work. 问题是谁来负责此事。
[连接副词引导的从句]
What I want to know is when all this happened.
我想知道的是，这些事都是什么时候发生的。
[连词whether引导的从句]
The point is whether we ought to recommend him. 问题是我们是否应该推荐他。
[关系代词what引导的从句]
That's what I hope. 这正是我所希望的。
8. 主语+系动词+形容词引起的某些结构
(1) 主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语。如：
We are short of fund. 我们缺乏资金。
He was conscious of his shortcomings. 他意识到他的缺点。
Papa is delighted with him. 爸爸很喜欢他。
(2) 主语+系动词+形容词+不定式。如：
She's sure to find out the clues tonight. 她今晚一定会发现线索的。
He's very been to see his birthplace again. 他迫切想重访他的出身地。
I'm inclined to agree with you. 我倾向于你的意见。
John is apt to be careless. 约翰常常粗心大意。
(3) 主语+系动词+形容词+从句。如：
[that引导的从句]
Everyone was aware that they were in conflict. 大家都知道他们之间有矛盾。
[连接代词引导的从句]
I'm doubtful what I ought to do. 我犹豫该怎么办。
[连接副词引导的从句]
I'm worried (about) how the money was spent. 我发愁钱是怎么花掉的。
[whether引导的从句]
They were uncertain whether they ought to go. 他们不能确定他们是否该去。
E 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
1. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词（作补语）
One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad.
一个疯狂的举动不足以证明一个人是疯子。
We wished the work complete, but it wasn't. 我们希望作品是完整的，但它不完整。
Everyone supposes him poor, but he's really quite wealthy. 2-1-c-n-j-y
大家都以为他很贫穷，其实他很富有。
You s_hould__count yourself lucky to have escaped serious injury. 你没受重伤应该感到幸运。
有时可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后。如：
I have to make it clear that my family is poor. 我得说清楚我家很穷。
They judged it better to start at once. 他们认为马上动身好一些。
We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.
我们认为要使历史的时钟倒转是不可能的。
2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词（作补语）
The Prime Minister nominated him Ambassador to France. 首相任命他为驻法大使。
Don't be formal, call me Jack. 不要太正式，叫我杰克好了。
They declared Newton President of the Royal Society. 他们宣布牛顿为皇家学会主席。
在这类动词后有时也可用先行词it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面。如：
He made i_t_a_ru_le to speak in parliament at least once every session.
他规定，国会每次开会他至少发一次言。
I felt it a te_rrible_ thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly.
我觉得母亲没完没了地干活太可怕了。
I shall al_ways_c_ount it a privilege to have known you. 我将永远记得认识你是件荣幸的事。
这类句子也可用于被动结构。如：
Who was chosen (to be) King? 谁被选为国王？
He was voted a fine teacher. 他被公认为是一名优秀的教师。
The play may be termed a tragicomedy. 这个剧可以称为悲喜剧。
3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语（作补语）
The union should put its affairs in order. 工会应整顿它的事务。21*cnjy*com
The news of his safe arrival let my mind at rest. 他安全到达的消息让我放心了。
They declared themselves against the plan. 他们宣布反对这个计划。
这类句子也可用于被动结构。如：
The thing should be kept in good order. 这些东西要有序放置。
The thief was found in possession of the jewels. 他们发现珠宝都在小偷这儿。
The treaty is still considered in force. 条约仍然被认为有效。
4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+副词（作补语）
We wished the long journey over. 我们盼望这漫长的旅行结束。
—Who accomplished it? 谁完成这件事的？
—The women brought it off. 是那些女人完成的。
Count me in if you're going swimming. 如果你们去游泳，算我一个。
The examples he used drove his argument home. 他举的例子证明说明了他的论点。
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式（作补语）
(1) 在有些动词后的不定式通常只用to be这种形式。有时，也可用不定式的完成式或进行式。如：
[不定式to be结构]
Everyone reported him to be the best man for the job.
大家都说他是敢干这个工作最合适的人选。
[不定式的完成式]
They supposed man to have descended from animals. 他们认为人是由动物演变来的。
[不定式的进行式]
They thought him to be hiding in the woods. 他们认为他躲在树林里。
这类句子也常用于被动结构中。如：
You are expected to work late if need be. 必要时,你得加会儿班。
She was obliged to abandon the idea. 她被迫放弃了这个想法。
Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings. 参观的人请勿触摸展出的画作。
(2) 有时可用连接副词或连接代词+不定式，作宾语补足语。如：
[连接代词+不定式]
They will advise you what to do. 他们将给你出主意怎么办。
[连接副词+不定式]
I'll show you how to operate the machine. 我将给你演示怎么操作这台机器。
(3) 有些动词后的不定式不带to。如：
Delighted to hear you say that. 听你这样讲，我很高兴。
Let me show you how to do it. 让我来告诉你怎样做吧。
He helped the family conceal the disgrace. 他帮助家里人隐瞒了这件可耻的事情。
注意
这类句子变为被动结构时，必须加to。如：
He was made to work long hours. 他们让他长时间干活。
She was heard to leave the house. 有人听见她离开了屋子。
He was seen to pick up the purse. 有人看见他拣起了那个钱包。
(4) 有些成语动词后可跟这类复合宾语。如：
We depend on you to do it. 我们靠你做这件事。
I look to you to support me in this matter. 我指望你在这件事上支持我。
He signed to the waiter to bring the bill. 他做手势让服务员拿来账单。
We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我们在等雨停。
6. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词（作补语）
[现在分词作补语]
She felt the thought weighing on her mind heavily. 她觉得这想法沉重地压在她心上。
I'll have _you_al_l speaking English well within a year. 我要让你们在一年之内都讲好英文。
这种句子有时也用于被动结构。如：
The papers were left flying around. 文件被弄得到处乱飞。
She was ashamed _to_thi_nk she should be discovered doing such a thing.
她想到竟被人发现做这样一件事感到很羞愧。
He was noticed carrying a pack when he came in. 当他进来时，有人发现他拿着一个包。
[过去分词作补语]
He watched the television set carried out of the door. 他看着电视机被搬出了门。
We'll keep you informed of what's going on here. 我们将让你不断了解这儿发生的情况。
It's better to leave some things unsaid. 有些话还是不说为好。
_21?????????è?????(www.21cnjy.com)_