中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真高中英语语法之·形容词比较等级
目 录
A 比较等级的基本句型
????as+原级+as
????比较级+than
????less...than
????the+比较级,the+比较级
????比较级+ and+比较级
????the same(+名词)+as
????the+最高级+in / of
????the+比较级+of the(二者)
????more than+主语+can+谓语
more than
more A than B
A is to B what (as) C is to D
“倍数”的比较句型
比较等级中的要点
学以致用
Unit 4形容词比较等级
形容词的比较等_??§??????????????§_、比较级和最高级。其基本构成为:“原级+-er,+-est(多为单音节或双音节词)”或“more,most+原级(多为双音节以上的词)”。
A 比较等级的基本句型
1. as+原级+as
表示两个人或物在性质上相等或程度上相同的同级比较。如:
The room is as large as that one. 这个房间与那个房间一样大。
The water in this bottle is as hot as the water in that one. 21教育网
这个瓶子里的水和那个瓶子里的水一样热。
表示在某方面一人或物不及另一人或物时,用not so / as+原级+as。如:
Your story is not as / so interesting as his. 你的故事不如他的故事有趣。
My handwriting is not as / so good as yours. 我的书法没有你的好。
2. 比较级+than
表示两个人或物中“一个比另一个更……”。如:
Your mother looks healthier than before. 你妈妈看上去比以前健康多了。
This question is more difficult than that one. 这个问题比那个难。【出处:21教育名师】
其中,junior(年幼的),senior(年长于),inferior(低于),superior(优于)几个词用to表示比较。如:【版权所有:21教育】
Bob is junior to Bill. 鲍勃比比尔年龄小。
This engine is superior to that one. 这台发动机质量优于那一台。21*cnjy*com
3. less...than
表示将两个人或物从较差的方面进行比较,less后用原级。如:
I’m less interested in basketball than you. 我对篮球的兴趣不如你大。
This question is less important than that one. 这个问题没有那个问题重要。
4. the+比较级,the+比较级,
表示“越……越……”,后一部分是主句,前一部分起条件状语从句的作用,通常不用于将来时态。如: 2·1·c·n·j·y
The more book_s_we_r_ead, the cleverer we will become. 我们读的书越多,就会变得越聪明。
The more exercise we take, the healthier we are. 我们越锻炼,身体就越健康。
5. 比较级+and+比较级
表示“越来越……”一般不用than。如:
The park is getting more and more beautiful. 公园变得越来越美了。
China had become stronger and stronger. 中国已变得越来越强大了。
6. the same(+名词)+as
表示“与……一样”,相当于as...as。如:
This well is the__same__depth as that one. (=This well is as deep as that one.)
这口井与那口井一样深。
The newl_y_comp_leted highway is the same length as the one we built last year.
(=The newly__compl_eted highway is as long as the one we built last year.)
新建成的公路和去年我们建造的那条一样长。
7. the+最高级+in / of
表示“三_??????????????????_的人或物中,最……”,in / of之后的短语说明比较的范围,in表示“在……之中”,短语中的名词常用复数可数名词。如:www.21-cn-jy.com
This is the cleanest place of the city. 这是这个城市最干净的地方。
Hu Yu_n_is_t_he fastest of all the girls in our class. 胡云是我们班女生中跑得最快的。
8. the+比较级+of the(二者)
表示“两者中比较……的”。如:
I’d l_ike_to_ go to the farther of the two places. 两个地方相比较,我愿意去更远的一个。
She is the fatter of the two girls. 她是那两个女孩中较胖的一个。
当强调比较的范围“所有的……中间”时,可用“of all the+名词”。如:
Of all the five boys, he is the tallest. 在所有的五个孩子中,他是最高的。
当形容词最高级作表语,不同他物进行比较,后面又没有表示范围的词,前面通常不加定冠词the。如:
Please sit where the light is best. 请坐在光线最好的地方。
9. more than+主语+can+谓语
表示否定意义,即“非……所能(不能)”。如:
That is more than I can tell you. 那是我不能告诉你的。
The beauty of the lake is more than I can describe. 那个湖的美不是我所能描述的。
10. more than
表示“不仅仅,非常,超过”。如:
It's more than a letter, it's my parents' love. 这不仅是一封信,这是我父母的一片爱心。
We were more than excited at the news. 听到这个消息,我们非常兴奋。
The 21st centu_ry_Eng_lish is more than a newspaper. It helps us to improve our English a lot.
《21世纪》不仅仅是一份报纸,它对我们提高英语很有帮助。
11. more A than B
表示“与其说是B,不如说是A”。如:
Miss Wang is more our friend than our teacher.
与其说王女士是我们的老师,不如说她是我们的朋友。
Betsy was more sad than angry. 与其说贝齐生气,倒不如说她难过了。
12. A is to B what(as) C is to D.
表示“犹如……一样_??????what_或as为连词,前一分句为主句,后一分句为从句,可转化为As C is to D, so is A to B.,其中前一分句为从句,后一分句为主句。如:
Air is to m_an_wha_t water is to fish. (=As water is to fish, so is air to man.)
空气对于人类就像水对于鱼一样。
Books are to the mind as sports are to the body.
(=As sports are to the body, so are books to the mind.) 【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
书籍之于思想,犹如运动之于身体一样。
13. “倍数”的比较句型
(1) “A is...times+adj. / adv. (比较级)+than+B”意为“A是B的……倍(大、小、高、低等)”。如:21*cnjy*com
The meet_ing_ro_om is three times bigger than our office. 会议室比我们的办公室大3倍。
The city is ten times larger than that one. 这座城市比那座城市大10倍。
(2) A i_s_(fou_r,five...) times the size (height, length, width...) of B
The building is 4 times the height of that one. 这套房子的高度是那套的4倍。
Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. 尼日利亚的面积是英国面积的3倍。
The river is five times the length of that stream. 这条河有那条小溪的5倍长。
(3) A is three (four...) times as big (high, long, wide...) as B
如果表示两倍时,可用twice / double。如:
Asia is 4 times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的4倍。
My scores are three times as many as yours. 我的分数是你的3倍。
This road is four times as wide as that one. 这条马路的宽度是那条的4倍。
14. 比较等级中的要点
(1) older,oldest;elder,eldest
older,oldes_t????????????é??_“更大,最大”,也指事物、年代的久远,表示“更旧,最旧”。elder,eldest指家庭成员间的长幼关系,“年龄较长,最长”,elder不可与than连用。如:
My elder sister is an accountant. 我姐姐是位会计。
This is the oldest school in the area. 这是这个地区最古老的学校。
(2) farther,farthest;further,furthest
farther,farthest指具体的距离;further,furthest表抽象意义的程度。如:
The old man lives at the farther end of the street. 老人住在街道的另一端。
She decided to go aboard for a further study. 她决定出国深造。
(3) later,latest;latter,last
later,lates_t??????é?????l_ater意为“较晚,后来”,latest意为“最近,最新”。latter,last指顺序,latter意为“后者”,用于“the former...the latter...”结构,与“former”相对,last意为“最后的”。如:
Three days later, the boy came back alone. 3天后,孩子自己回来了。
Have you got the latest news? 你们知道最新消息吗?
The former__is_a__singer, and the latter is a dancer. 前者是位歌唱家,后者是位舞蹈家。
(4) any other+名词;any+名词
“any o_ther+???_词”表示两种相同的事物在同一范围内进行比较,than后的名词可单可复。“any+名词”表示两种相同事物在不同范围内进行比较,或两种不同事物在同一范围内进行比较。如:
China is large_r_than_ any other country (countries) in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。
China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲任何国家都大。
In the boy's opinion, this book is more useful than any toy.
在那个孩子看来,这本书比任何玩具都有用。
(5) no more than;not more than
no more than_?????????onl_y,意为“只,仅仅,不过”,表示“少”;not more than相当于at most,意为“至多”,有“也许不过”的意思。如:
Albraham spent no more than one year at school. 亚伯拉罕只上了一年学。
I can't affor_d_to_b_uy the expensive car, because I have no more than 10,000 dollars.
我买不起那辆昂贵的车,因为我只有10 000美元。
There are not__more__than 10 students who have been admitted by Beijing University this year.
今年被北京大学录取的学生不多于10人。
She spent not _more_t_han two months finishing the book. 她至多花了两个月来完成那本书。
(6) no+比较级+than;not+比较级+than
no+比较级+th_an???è????????_两个人或物,都含有与所有形容词相反的意义,意为“同……一样不”;not+比较级+than所连接的人或物,都含有所用形容词表示的含义,只是程度上前者不如后者。如:
He is no richer than his neighbor. 他并不比他邻居富。
He is not richer than his neighbor. 他没有他的邻居富。
His English is not better than mine. 他的英语不如我的好。
His English is no better than mine. 他的英语同我的一样不好。
(7) no less than,not less than
no less than相_??????as_m_any / much as,意为“有……之多”,表示“多”;no less than相当于not fewer than,意为“不少于”,表示“也许不止”。如:
I have no less than 100 yuan on me. 我身上竟有100元钱。(意为没想到有这么多)
No less than _fifty__foreign travelers were wounded in the plane crash.
多达50名外国游客在坠机事件中受伤。
Not less than 15 persons were injured in the accident.
事故中受伤的不少于15人。(意为也许更多)
There w_ere_no_t less than a thousand visitors to this nature park this morning.
今天上午来这家自然公园的游客不少于1 000人。
(8) the most,a most
the mos_t?????????è?????_高级的用法,而most还可表示“非常,很,相当”,相当于very,用于加强语气,不表示比较,前面加不定冠词a。如:
The film is the most interesting one I have seen. 这部电影是我看过的最有趣的一部。
This is a most interesting film. (=This is a very interesting film.)
这是一部非常有趣的电影。
(9) double也经常用于比较等级的结构中。
作为形容词,意为“双倍的,_??????????????????_在the或所有格之前。如:He is double my age. =His age is double mine. 他的年龄是我的两倍。
His income is double what it was six years ago. 他的收入是6年前的两倍。
作为副词,意为“两倍地,加倍地”。如:
This sort of bicycle now costs double what it did four years ago.
现在的这种自行车比4年前贵了两倍。
作为代词,意为“两倍,加倍”,用在the之后。如:
Twelve is the double of six. 12是6的两倍。
作为动词,意为“使……加倍,加倍”,可作及物动词和不及物动词使用。如:
He dou_bles_h_is income in six years. =His income doubled in six years.
他6年内收入增加了一倍。
(10) 形容词、副词比较级的修饰语
这些修饰语归纳起来可分为表示不确定程度和确定程度两种。
表示不确定程度的修饰语:
表示疑问,一般用any,可译为“……些,……点”。如:
Is he any better today? 他今天好些了吗?
表示否定,一般用no,not,any,hardly等,可译为“(并)不……”等。如:
Martin went no farther than the bridge. 马丁只走到桥边。21世纪教育网版权所有
Dale could not do any better. 戴尔只能做到这一步了。
After taking the medicine, he felt hardly any better. 他服药后几乎并不见好。
注意:
no(not)与有些比较级连用,已构成固定的短语。如:
no longer(no more,not...any longer) 不再
no sooner...than一……就 no more than 仅仅,同样不
表示确定程度的修饰语大致有两类:
说 明 例 证
a little,a bit,slightly等表示“稍微”,可译为“一些,一点”。
This is taking a little time than we thought.
比我们预想的要多耽搁些时间。
In fact the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during winter. 21·cn·jy·com
实际上,在冬天,地球离太阳还要近一些。
much,a lot,greatly,a great / good deal,far,by far等表示很大程度,可译为“……得多”。21cnjy.com
Growing rice here is much more difficult.
在这儿种稻子要困难得多。
He has made far greater progress this term than he did last term. 21·世纪*教育网
他这学期的进步比上学期大得多。
(11) 比较等级中比较对象要清楚、正确。如:
Her Engl_ish_is_ better than mine. =Her English is better than my English.
她英语学得比我好。
She speaks English as well as I (do). 她英语说得和我一样好。2-1-c-n-j-y
(12) 比较结构中起“替代”作用的词有:that,one,ones,the one,the ones,those。
说 明 例 证
表示“任一个/些……”。one代替可数名词的单数形式,ones代替可数名词的复数形式。
An iron bridge is stronger than one built of stone. 铁桥比石桥坚固。
Most children prefer bigger apples to smaller ones. 【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
大部分孩子喜欢大苹果,而不喜欢小苹果。
表示“……的(那种/_???/????????????_”。that可代替不可数名词;the one,that代替可数名词的单数形式;the ones,those代替可数名词的复数形式。21教育名师原创作品
The population in China is larger than that in India.中国人口比印度人口多。
The stud_ents_i_n Class One are more active than the ones (those) in Class Two.
一班的学生比二班学生活跃一些。
_21?????????è?????(www.21cnjy.com)_