高中英语语法之9·连词和感叹词　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·连词和感叹词
目 录
话说连词
A 从属连词
引导时间状语从句的连词
引导条件状语从句的连词
引导目的状语从句的连词
引导结果状语从句的连词
引导原因状语从句的连词
引导让步状语从句的连词
引导方式状语从句的连词
引导地点状语从句的连词
引导比较状语从句的连词
引导其他从句的连词
B 并列连词
表示并列
表示转折
表示因果
其他并列连词
C 常见连词的比较
When和while
Because，as，since和for
If和whether
话说感叹词
常见感叹词的用法
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 9 连词和感叹词
话说连词
　　英语中的连词是虚词，它不能在句中担任句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用。连词通常可使句子与句子之间联系得更紧凑，使上下文更加连贯。英语中的连词按其性质可分为从属连词和并列连词两大类。2-1-c-n-j-y
(1) 从属连词是用来连接从句的连词。见下表：
　　时间状语从句：when，be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fore，after，since，while， as，until。例证：Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。【出处：21教育名师】
　　条件状语从句：if，unles ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s，supposing。例证：I'll come unless it rains. 例证：除非下雨，否则我会来。【版权所有：21教育】
　　目的状语从句：in orde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r that，so that，so，that。例证：Speak clearly so that we can understand you. 讲清楚以便我们能听懂你的意思。
　　结果状语从句：so...t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat，such...that，that，so，so that。例证：She was so moved that tears came to her eyes. 她感动得热泪盈眶。
　　原因状语从句：because，as，si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce。例证：She can't go because she is ill. 她生病了，因此不能去。
　　让步状语从句：altho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh，though，while。例证：He went on working though he was tired. 尽管累，他还是继续干活。
　　方式状语从句：as，like，the way，as if / though。例证：Do as I tell you. 照我的话做。
　　地点状语从句：where，wherever。例证：Stay where you are. 你待在原处。
　　比较状语从句：than，as。例证：You run faster than I do. 你比我跑得快。
(2) 并列连词是主要连接互不依从的分句，有时连接两个并列的词或短语。见下表：
　　表示意思转折的并列连词：but，yet，however，nevertheless等。例证：Slow but sure. 慢而稳。
　　表示因果关系的并列连词：for，so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，therefore，hence等。例证：Robert broke the rules of the school; therefore he had to leave. 罗伯特犯了校规，因此不得不离校。
　　其他并列连词：and，or，eithe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r...or，neither...nor，not only...but also，both...and，as well as等。例证：Her son lives at home and has a steady job. 她儿子住在家里，有一份稳定的工作。
A. 从属连词
1. 引导时间状语从句的连词
(1) when
　　Her father died when she was young. 她很小的时候父亲就死了。
　　I'll write when I have finished the book. 我把书看完了再写信。
　　相关试题解析
　　How did you try to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) get to school on time______you missed the school bus, Mary (中考题)
　　A. when　　　　B. if 　　　　C. once　　　　D. that
　　【选A】译文：玛丽，当你误了学校公交车的时候，你怎么按时去学校？
(2) while　　
　　Make hay while the sun shines. 行事要趁机会好。
　　Brent felt chilly while he was walking. 布伦特走着时感到有些凉意。
(3) as
　　As he slept he dreamed a dream. 他睡觉时做了一个梦。
　　As I was coming here, I met your brother. 我来这里时碰到了你哥哥。
(4) before
　　We can't po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssibly finish this before the rains start. 雨季开始前我们不可能干完这活儿。
　　Long before yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u return, she will have forgotten you. 在你回来前，她会早已把你忘了。
(5) after
　　Soon after she returned, the child vomited. 她回来不久孩子就吐了。
　　After we had finished tea, we all sat on the grass. 我们喝完茶后，都在草地上坐着。
　　I will tell them after you leave / have left. 你走了之后我再告诉他们。
(6) until
　　I watched him until he disappeared from sight. 我望着他直到他看不见了。
　　I shall stay until I've completed my studies. 我要在这里待到我学习结束为止。
(7) till
　　Let's wait till the rain stops. 咱们等到雨停吧。
　　I'll keep it for you till you come back. 我将替你把这保存到你回来。
(8) since
　　Two weeks had passed since Martin had seen him. 自从马丁见到他以后，又过了两个礼拜。
　　I haven't seen you since I have been back. 我回来后就一直没见到你。
(9) whenever
　　Whenever I see him, I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。
　　I go to the theatre whenever I get the chance. 一有机会我就去看戏。
(10) 一些其他类型的时间状语从句
　　Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚一到，她就开始发牢骚。
　　Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。
　　Once you began, you couldn't stop. 你一旦开始就停不住了。
　　We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们刚出发就遇到了大雷雨。
2. 引导条件状语从句的连词
(1) if
　　I would have talked to him if I'd thought of it. 如果我想到了，我就和他谈了。
　　If she went, would you go too 如果她去，你也会去吗？
(2) unless
　　I shouldn't dream of going unless you wanted me. 我不会去，除非你要我去。
　　You will fail unless you work hard. 如果你不用功学习，你会不及格的。
(3) supposing
　　Supposing she doesn't come, what shall we do 要是她不来，我们怎么办？
　　Supposing he can't come, who will do the work 假使他不能来，这工作谁做？
(4) 条件状语从句还可有其他的形式
　　Brant will do the work providing you pay him. 如果你能付费，布兰特可以做这工作。
　　As long as y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou're happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。
　　In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。
　　注意
(1) 有些条件状语从句中也可省略某些成分或改成短语。如：
　　If necessary, ring me at home. 如果有必要，可以打电话到我家找我。
　　If in doubt, ask at your local library. 若有疑问，你可向当地图书馆咨询。
　　He would never do this unless compelled. 他绝不会做这事，除非是被迫如此。
　　In case of fire, ring the bell. 如有火灾，按铃。
(2) 有些状语从句介于条件状语从句与让步状语从句之间。如：
　　The moon is a moon still whether it shines or not. 月亮总是月亮，不管它亮不亮。
　　It has the same result whichever way you do it. 不管你怎么做，结果都一样。
　　Whoever you are, you can't pass this way. 不管你是谁，你不能从这儿过去。
3. 引导目的状语从句的连词
(1) in order that
　　In order that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you may create such a picture, you have to possess certain artistic weapons. 创作这样的画，你得具有某些艺术手法。
　　I have come ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) all the way from Vienna in order that you should thoroughly understand me. 我这么远从维也纳来，为的是让你彻底了解我。
(2) so that
　　So that we ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n arrive there on time, we should start off early. 为了按时赶到那里，我们必须早出发。
　　Caspar wore ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a mask so that no one should recognize him. 卡斯帕戴了一个口罩，以至于没人能认出他。
(3) so
　　I'll show you so you can see how it's done. 我将做给你看，以便让你知道应怎样干。
　　I packed him a littl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e food so he wouldn't get hungry. 我包了一点食物给他，以免他挨饿。
(4) that
　　They have died that liberty might live. 他们倒下了，为的是自由能长存。
　　She wanted tea re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ady at six that she could be out by eight. 她要在6点钟把下午茶准备好，以便她8点钟能出去。21*cnjy*com
(5) lest，for fear和in case也可引起目的状语从句
　　I'll be kind to her lest she decides to leave me. 我要好好待她，以免她决定离开我。
　　Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关好，以防下雨。
　　I shall sit up for a time, in case I'm wanted. 我暂时不睡，以防需要我。
　　注意
　　这类从句有时可改为某种短语。如：
　　Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 悄悄走进去，以免把宝宝吵醒。
　　The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿江筑了堤坝，以防有洪水。
4. 引导结果状语从句的连词
(1) so...that
　　It was so dark that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) they couldn't see each other's faces. 天是那样黑以至于他们看不见彼此的脸。21教育网
　　So bright was the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) moon that the flowers were bright as by day. 月亮是那样亮。花儿就像在白天那样鲜艳。
　　相关试题解析
　　When I got the ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws that the ship would sink, I was______fright-ened______my legs couldn't move forward.(中考题)
　　A. so; that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. very; that C. too; that D. too; to
　　【选A】译文：当我听到那艘船要下沉的消息后非常害怕，以至于腿都不能向前迈了。
(2) such...that
　　It gave him ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )such a shock that his face turned white. 这使他那样震惊，以至于他的脸都变白了。
　　His idea was such ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a good one that we all agreed to use it. 他的想法是那样好，我们都决定采用。
　　注意
　　在口语中常省略that。如：
　　I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我是那样忙，以至没有时间写信。
　　There was such a dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aught, it is no wonder he caught a cold. 穿堂风这样厉害，难怪他感冒了。
(3) so that引导结果状语从句，表示“因此”。
　　One of her lu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngs is infected a little so that she has to rest. 她的一叶肺有点感染，因此她得休息。
　　My pencil fell un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )der my desk, so that I couldn't see it. 我的铅笔掉到书桌下面了，因此我看不到它。
(4) so引导结果状语从句，表示“所以”“因此”。
　　The play bega ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n at eight, so they must dine at seven. 戏8点开，所以他们必须在7点吃饭。
　　You told me to do it (and) so I did it. 你让我这样做，因此我这样做了。
　　注意
　　so that还可用另一种方式引起结果状语从句。如：
　　His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe. 他的心跳得如此厉害以至于都喘不过气了。
　　Explain it so that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a 10-year-old child could understand it. 解释成这样，使10岁的孩子都能听懂。
(5) otherwise，or else，or，else引起的分句也表示一种结果。
　　Give me back my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )money, otherwise I'll ring the police. 把钱还给我，否则我就给警察打电话了。
　　Run or else you'll be late. 快跑，要不你就会迟到了。
　　Have a care what you say or you may regret it. 小心你说的话，否则你会后悔的。
　　Drink this; else you will be sick. 把这喝下，否则你会生病。
5. 引导原因状语从句的连词
(1) because
　　Cheney distrusted me because I was new. 切尼不信任我，因为我是新来的。
　　You only do it because you have to. 你这样做是不得已。
(2) as
　　As all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于所有座位都有了人，他就站了起来。
　　We don't know wha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t to do as we are not his parents. 我们不知该怎么办，因为我们不是他的父母。
(3) since
　　Since we've no money, we can't buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。
　　Since you are going, I will go too. 既然你去，我也去。
(4) seeing(that)，considering(that)，now that等词也可引起表示原因的从句
　　Seeing(that) she's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lawfully old enough to get married, I don't see how we could stop her. 既然她已到了法定结婚的年龄，我不知道我们怎样能阻止她。
　　Considering he's onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y been learning English a year, he speaks it very well. 鉴于他才学了一年的英语，他英语讲得很好了。
　　Now that you have come, you may as well stay. 既然来了，你不妨留下。
(5) 常见的引导原因状语从句的形容词有：
　　annoyed　　ashamed　　 content　　delighted　　 glad
　　hurt　　　　pleased　　 satisfied　　sorry　　　　 surprised等
　　I'm glad you're back. 你回来了我很高兴。
　　I'm sorry I haven't done as much as I should. 很抱歉，我做得很不够。
6. 引导让步状语从句的连词
　　引导让步状语从句的连词主要有although，though，even though / if，while等。如：
(1) although
　　They are generous although they are poor. 尽管他们很穷却很大方。
　　Although still young, he is going very grey. 尽管他还年轻，他的头发却已变得灰白了。
(2) though
　　The speech is good，though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。
　　相关试题解析
　　Her grandparent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are still in good health______they are over eighty.(中考题)
　　A. though　　 B. as soon as　 C. until D. because
　　【选A】译文：尽管她祖父母都将近80岁了，但是他们的身体却还很硬朗。
(3) even though
　　Even though it's hard work, I enjoyed it. 虽然工作艰苦，我还是很喜欢。
　　Ben went out, even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，本还是出去了。
(4) even if
　　He felt all this， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )even if he didn't find phrases to express it. 这一切他都感觉到了，尽管他找不出言语来表达。
　　They'll stand by you, even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
　　相关试题解析
　　Allow children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the space to voice their opinions,_____they are different from your own.
(高考题)
　　A. until　　　　B. even if　　C. unless　　 D. as though
　　【选B】从句与主句为让步关系，应由even if引导。until，unless，as though分别引导时间、条件、方式状语从句。
(5) while
　　While we don't agree, we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。
　　While I sympathiz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, I can't really do very much to help. 虽然我同情，我却不能帮什么忙。
(6) 让步状语从句也可以用as，however等词来引导。
　　Much as he admired ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) her looks and her manners, he had no wish to marry her. 虽说他很欣赏她的外貌和仪态，他却无心和她结婚。
　　However much the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y may desire it, they cannot express the sympathetic feelings. 尽管他们非常想这样做，却无法表达他们的同情。
(7) 由though，although等引导的状语从句可改为短语。
　　The girl, though plain, had a good, kind face. 这姑娘虽说不漂亮，却有一张和蔼善良的脸。
　　I went on talking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), though continually interrupted by Dussel. 尽管不断被杜塞尔打断，但我还继续谈着。
　　Ivan was very lovable although not very tidy. 伊凡很可爱，尽管不太整洁。
7. 引导方式状语从句的连词
　　引导方式状语从句的连词主要有as，like，as if，as though。如：
(1) as
　　I have changed it as you suggest. 我按照你的建议作了改变。
　　As you know, she wasn't much good at letter-writing. 正如你知道的，她不善于写信。
(2) like
　　Do it like he does. 像他那样做。
　　Jerry doesn't speak French like I speak it. 杰瑞讲法语的方式和我的不一样。
(3) as if
　　I love you as if you were my son. 我爱你就像你是我的儿子一样。
　　Grace looked a bit q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ueer, as if she knew something. 格瑞丝显得有些古怪，仿佛她知道什么似的。
(4) as though
　　Jason paused as though he found a difficulty. 詹森停了停，仿佛他遇到什么困难似的。
　　Hannah clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed her eyes as though she were too tired. 汉娜闭上眼睛，好像她也累了似的。
　　有些从句可以改为短语。如：
　　The boy started as if awakened from some dream. 这男孩一惊，仿佛从梦中惊醒似的。
　　When she had finis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hed, she waited as though for a reply. 她讲完之后等了等，仿佛是在等候回答似的。
8. 引导地点状语从句的连词
　　引导地点状语从句的连词主要有where，wherever，everywhere。如：
　　I live where there are mountains. 我住在多山的地方。
　　I will find her wherever she may be. 不管她在哪里，我都要找到她。
　　Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我到哪里，我都遇到同样的情况。
9. 引导比较状语从句的连词
　　引导比较状语从句的连词主要是than和as。如：
　　It is easier than I thought. 它比我想象的容易。
　　I myself felt as badly as he did. 我自己也和他一样难受。
　　They are as firm as one could expect. 他们就像大家期望的那样坚定。
10. 引导其他从句的连词
(1) 引导名词性从句的连词主要有that，whether，if等。如：
　　That Shelley b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecame a poet may have been due to his mother's influence. 雪莱成为诗人可能是受他母亲的影响。
　　Your greatest fault is that you are careless. 你最大的缺点是粗心大意。
　　I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我很担心是否伤了她的感情。
　　相关试题解析
　　—Do you know_____we'll get there at 3：00 this afternoon
　　—I'm afraid we'll be late.(中考题)
　　A. that 　　B. how 　　C. why 　　D. whether
　　【选D】 译文：——你觉得我们今天下午3点能不能到达那里呢？
　　　　　　　　 ——我觉得我们会迟到。
(2) whether有时可引导不定式短语。如：
　　I don't know whether to accept or refuse. 我不知道应该接受还是拒绝。
　　I was wondering whether to stay here another week. 我不知是否该再待一礼拜。
(3) 引导定语从句的是关系代词及关系副词。如：
　　I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。　　
　　This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城镇。
　　These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的原因。
B. 并列连词
1. 表示并列
(1) 并列连词and和or可以连接分句。如：
　　He gained a B in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English and now he plans to study Spanish. 他英语得了一个B，现在打算去学西班牙语。www-2-1-cnjy-com
　　Do you want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a bath at once, or shall I have mine first 是你马上洗澡还是我先洗？
(2) or连接两个并列的动词或其他单词。如：
　　We will not pay ransom or do deals for hostages. 我们不付赎金，也不会救人质做交易。
　　Are you going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) water the garden before or after supper 你打算在晚饭前还是晚饭后给花园浇水？
(3) and可连接两个分句，表示“只要……就……”。如：
　　Do that again and I'll call a policeman! 你要再这样，我就叫警察了。
　　Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。
(4) or可引起分句，表示“否则”。如：
　　Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了。
　　Now I must go or I s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hall be late for the birthday party. 现在我必须走了，否则我就会误了生日聚会。
　　相关试题解析
1. They teach us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English_____we teach them Chinese, we help each other.(中考题)
　　A. but 　　B. and 　　C. or 　 D. as
　　【选B】译文：他们教我们英语，我们教他们汉语。我们互相帮助。
2. Stand over there______you'll be able to see it better.(高考题)
　　A. or　　　　　　B. while　　　　C. but　　　 D. and
　　【选D】 “祈使句+and / the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n / or +陈述句”为口语常用句型。其中“祈使句+and / then”相当于if条件状语从句的肯定形式，“+or”相当于if条件状语从句的否定式。
3. Organisms re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gulate their movements______positions in response to environmental stimuli.
(托福题)
　　A. have　　　　B. where　　　　C. as　　　　D. and
　　【选D】译文：生物体对环境刺激的反应是调节自身的动作和位置。
2. 表示转折
　　but
(1) but可以连接两个并列分句或并列成分。如：
　　I ought to have helped her, but I never could. 我应当给她帮助的，却一直未能这样做。
　　Nicholas no lon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ger felt disappointed, but happy and hopeful. 尼古拉斯不再感到沮丧，而是高兴，充满希望。www.21-cn-jy.com
　　Quickly but silently she darted out of the room. 她快速但悄悄地跑出屋去。　　
(2) but也可引起状语。如：
　　Quentin tried to save it, but in vain. 昆廷试着拯救它，但没用。
　　Rex worked hard but without any success. 雷克斯努力干却未取得成功。
(3) but 引起一个句子，表示对前面句子的转折。如：
　　Roy made good promises but seldom kept them. 罗伊说得很好听，就是很少遵守诺言。
　　相关试题解析
1. Paul com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es from Canada,______he can speak very good Chinese.(中考题)
　　A. if 　　B. so 　　 　　C. but 　　D. because
　　【选C】 译文：保罗是加拿大人，但他会讲一口流利的汉语。
2. —I don't think George really cares for TV plays.______　　　　
　　—Right,______he still watches the programs.(高考题)
　　A. and　　　　B. but　　　　 C. or　　　　 D. so
　　【选B】从对话中可知，前后句中的意思发生了转折。
　　yet
(1) yet可连接两个分句表示转折。如：
　　Oscar said he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was our friend, yet he wouldn't help us. 奥斯卡说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。21cnjy.com
　　I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要试一试。
(2) yet可用于句首。如：
　　Yet the house was cheerful. 但屋子里充满欢乐的气氛。
　　Yet its population has doubled. 但它的人口翻了一番。
(3) yet可与and或but连用。如：
　　Megan's vain and fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olish, and yet people like her. 梅甘很虚荣、愚蠢，但人们却喜欢她。
　　Karida's a fu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nny girl, but yet you can't help liking her. 卡瑞达是一个奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住会喜欢她。
　　相关试题解析
　　Great Salt L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake is fed by fresh-water streams,______is about four to five times as salty as the ocean. (托福题)
　　A. yet　　　　B. which　　　　C. there　　　　 D. despite
　　【选A】 译文：大盐湖是由一些淡水溪流来供水的，然而它却比海水咸大约4到5倍。
　　however
(1) 表示转折，通常插在句子中间，介于连词和副词之间。如：
　　Christine, however, was enjoying herself thoroughly. 而克里斯汀却玩得很高兴。
　　Lorraine was not, however, aware of the circumstances. 不过罗琳对这情况不知情。
(2) however可放在句首或句尾。如：
　　However, they did not seem to have much effect. 但它们似乎没有多少作用。
　　You know all this as well as I do however. 不过这一切你和我都一样清楚。
　　nevertheless
(1) nevertheless为副词，表示意思的转折，多放在分句或句子之首。如：
　　Marcus was angry, nevertheless he listened to me. 马库斯很生气，不过他还是听我讲。
　　Nevertheless, she decided to act. 尽管如此，她仍决定采取行动。
(2) 有时插在句中或放在句尾。如：
　　What you said was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) true but it was nevertheless unkind. 你讲的是真实的，但仍然有些无情。
　　Although he's a fool, I like him nevertheless. 虽说他很傻，但我仍然喜欢他。
3. 表示因果
(1) for引起的分句表示原因时，多数是对前面谈的情况加以解释，并用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，多用于书面语。如：
　　Loren shook his head, for he thought differently. 劳伦摇了摇头，因为他有不同的想法。
　　Amber was angry, for she didn't know French. 安伯很生气，因为她不懂法语。
　　相关试题解析
　　He found it incr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )easingly difficult to read,_____his eyesight was begin-ning to fail.(高考题)
　　A. and　　　　B. for 　　C. but　　　　 D. or
　　【选B】此处表示原因，只有B项符合要求，for用作并列连词，补充说明事情的原因，但不一定是直接原因。
(2) so表示结果，可译为“因此，所以，于是”。如：
　　She asked me to go, so I went. 她让我去，所以我就去了。
　　Marcy told me to do it, so I did it. 马西让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。
　　相关试题解析
1. Mr Brown kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ows little Japanese,_____he can't understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.(中考题)
　　A. so　　　　 B. or　　　　 C. but　　　　 D. for
　　【选A】译文：布朗先生几乎不懂日语，所以并不能够理解药瓶上的说明。
2. The shop d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oesn't open until 11 a.m.,_____it loses a lot of business.(高考题)
　　A. for　　 　 B. or　　 　　 C. but　　 　　D. so
　　【选D】根据句意“这个商店11点才开门”，可以推断它的生意会遭受很大损失，由此判定前后互为因果关系。
(3) therefore表示“因此”“所以”，多放在分句或句子之首。如：
　　It rained；therefore the game was called off. 下雨了，因此比赛取消了。
　　I think, therefore I am. 我思故我在。
4. 其他并列连词
　　其他并列连词有either...or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，neither...nor，not only...but also，as well as，它们也起连词作用。如：
(1) either...or主要连接两个并列成分，表示“……或是……”。如：
　　We can either fly there or go by train. 我们可以坐飞机去，也可坐火车去。
　　We can have either fish or beef. 我们可以吃鱼或是牛肉。
　　相关试题解析
　　Prof. Ward hardly ever went to______the theater. (高考题)
　　A. neither the cinema nor　　　　 B. neither the cinema or
　　C. either the cinema nor　　　　 D. either the cinema or
　　【选D】译文：沃德教授几乎从来不看电影，也不看戏。
(2) neither...nor表示“既不……又不……”，可连接两个主语、宾语、表语、谓语或状语。如：
　　Neither Aus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tria nor Germany would listen to the suggestion. 奥地利和德国都不听这个建议。
　　I have neither time nor money. 我既无时间又无钱。
　　Rock neither drinks nor smokes. 洛克既不喝酒，也不抽烟。
　　They work neither for fame nor for personal gain. 他们工作既不为名也不为利。
(3) not only...but (also)...表示“不仅……而且……”，用来连接两个并列的成分。如：
　　Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too. 不仅我母亲不快乐，玛丽安也不快乐。
　　Their decisio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n will affect not only our class but also the whole school. 他们的决定不仅会影响到我们班，而且会影响到我们学校。
　　相关试题解析
　　A legislative b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ody has the power not only to pass new laws,______repeal laws that have been passed earlier. (高考题)
　　A. to　　　　 B. but also to　　 C. and to　　 D. in order to
　　【选B】译文：立法机构不仅有权审查通过新的法律，而且有权废止以前通过的法律。
(4) as well as也起连词作用，表示“同”“和”“也”等。如：
　　It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。
　　We cannot expect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her to do the homework as well as look after the children. 我们不能指望她既做作业又照看孩子。
(5) both...and也有连词的作用。如：
　　Both his mother and his father will be there.他父母二人都要去那里。
　　Tonight Mary will both sing and dance. 今晚玛丽既要唱歌又要跳舞。
C. 常见连词的比较
1. when和while
　　作为连词，它们都可引导时间状语从句。不同的是：
(1) when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。如：
　　Scott was watching TV when I came in. 当我进来时，斯考特正在看电视。
　　I came in when / while he was reading newspaper. 当他在看报纸时，我走了进来。
(2) while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性的。如：
　　Some are singing, while others are dancing. 一些人在唱歌，而另一些人在跳舞。
　　相关试题解析
　　Kids talk fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )equently about what they can do,_____many adults do the opposite, tending to talk about what they can't do and why.(高考题)
　　A. when　　　　B. while　　　　C. unless　　 D. though
　　【选B】根据题意可知，前后两个分句表示对比关系，故用while表示“然而”。
2. because，as，sine和for
　　四个词都有“因为”的意思。不同的是：
(1) because语气最强，表直接的原因，用于回答why问句，引导的从句可放在句首或句末。如：
　　Beata didn't attend the meeting because she was ill. 贝亚特因为生病没有参加会议。
(2) as的语气不如because那么强，引导的从句常置于句首。如：
　　As she wasn't ready, we left without her. 由于她没准备好，我们就自己走了。
(3) since可译为“既然”，它往往表示一些显而易见的原因，语气不如because强，引导的从句常置于句首。如：
　　Since a lot o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give Mike a chance. 既然很多人在生活中都会犯错误，史密斯先生想给迈克一个改过的机会。
(4) for是并列连词，语气最弱，用来补充说明理由或表示判断的原因，引导的分句通常置于句末，从句前要用逗号。如：
　　Mandy went to bed, for she was tired. 曼迪去睡觉了，因为她累了。
　　The two brothers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )decided to leave at dawn, for they had many miles to cover. 两兄弟决定黎明启程，因为他们要走许多英里。
相关试题解析
　　Parents should ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke seriously their children's requests for sunglass-es______eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(高考题)
　　A. because　　 B. though　　C. unless　　 D. if
　　【选A】本题考查学生对状语从句的运用能力。根据句意，该句前后构成的是因果关系，而四个选项中只有because引导原因状语从句。
3. if和whether
　　if和whether表示“是否”时，两个词都能引导宾语从句。如：
　　I wonder if / whether you can come tomorrow. 我想知道你明天能不能来。
(1) 如果主句的谓语是短语动词，从句用whether引导。如：
　　Everything depends on whether we unite together. 一切都取决于我们是否团结一致。
(2) 宾语从句为否定形式时，通常用if引导。如：
　　I asked her if he wouldn't take part in the party. 我问她他是不是不会来参加晚会了。
(3) 宾语从句置于句首时，用whether引导。如：
　　Whether it is true or not, I can't say. 这是不是真的，我不敢说。
(4) 某些动词(如discuss)后的宾语从句用whether引导。如：
　　They discussed whether they should help her. 他们商议该不该帮助她。
(5) if作“如果” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )讲时，引导条件状语从句；whether作“不管，无论”讲时，引导让步状语从句。whether引导的从句中可以用or not，if则不能。如：
　　If I were you, I would not let her go. 如果我是你，我不会让她走。
　　Whether you like or not, I shall go out. 无论你是否喜欢，我都要出去。
　　相关试题解析
　　In time of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) serious accidents,_____we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. (高考题)
　　 A. whether 　　B. until 　　C. if 　　　　D. unless
　　【选C】由题意知，此处表示假设， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )若用unless，则最后一句话应改为we cannot save lives。whether意为“是否……”，until意为“直到……”，皆不合语境。
　　
话说感叹词
(1) 感叹词是用来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示说话时情绪的词语。它不是一个句子成分，却在意思上与后面的句子有关，后面的句子往往说明产生这种情绪的原因。在感叹的情绪较强时，后面多跟一个逗号。如：21世纪教育网版权所有
　　Oh, what a lovely day! 啊，多好的天气！
　　Oh, how beautiful she is! 啊，她真漂亮！
(2) 感叹词通常放在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句子开头，有时也能放在句子中间，但感叹词在翻译时，常常没有确切的意思。同一感叹词在不同的上下文中表达的情绪不尽相同，应根据上下文来判断。如：
　　That little girl of yours, oh, is such a dear! 你那个小妹妹，噢，真逗人喜欢！
　　常见感叹词的用法
(1) oh表示惊奇、恐惧、痛苦、懊恼、高兴等。如：
　　[表惊奇、高兴]
　　Oh, so you are here! 啊，你也在这儿！
　　[表遗憾]
　　Oh, it's too late already! 唉，现在已经太晚了！
　　[表痛苦]
　　Oh, please don't ask me any more. 求你别再问我了！
　　[表惊奇]
　　Oh, dear me! 啊，我的天！
(2) ah表示惊奇、恐惧、高兴、痛苦、恳求、松一口气等。如：
　　[表同意]
　　Ah, that's right! 嗯，这就对了！
　　[表惊奇]
　　Ah, I have never heard of such things before! 啊，我从来没听说过这样的事情！
　　[表高兴]
　　Ah, so you are back now! 啊， 你回来了！
　　[表赞赏]
　　Ah, wonderful! 啊，太棒了！
(3) well表示惊异、犹豫、松一口气等。如：
　　[表疑问]
　　Well, what shall we do next 嗯，下一步怎么办？
　　[表惊讶]
　　Well, I can't believe it! 啊，我简直不敢相信会这样！
　　[表欣慰]
　　Well, here we are at last! 好了，我们终于到了！
(4) Oh dear！Dea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r me！My goodness！Goodness gracious！表示惊讶、不耐烦、难过等，与汉语的“天哪！”有些相近。如：
　　Oh dear, why should you do it like this 天哪！你为什么非得这样做？
　　Dear me, I didn't know you were so stubborn! 天啊！我不知道你这么固执！
　　My goodness! How could you work so fast! 我的天，你怎么干得这么快！
(5) O Lord，Good Lord，Good heavens!表惊奇、不高兴等情绪。如：　　
O Lord, can a carrot grow that big 天啊，胡萝卜能长这么大？
　　Good Lord, it's you! 天哪！原来是你。
(6) ow，ouch表示疼痛，alas表示悲哀。如：
　　Ow, it's hurt. 哎哟，疼啊！
　　Ouch, you're hurting me. 哎哟，你把我弄痛了！
(7) hello，hi，hey用来打招呼。如：
　　“Hello, Mary.” “Hello.” said the girl. “嗨，玛丽。”“嗨，”这位姑娘说。
　　“Hi, Aunt Li,” Alan said. “嗨，李阿姨，”艾伦说。
　　Hi, Mrs Green, glad to see you. 嗨，格林夫人，见到你很高兴。
　　Hey, come and look at this. 嗨，过来看这是什么。
(8) why表示惊奇或不足为奇，有时带有“你这都不知道？”“原来这样”这类意思。如：
　　—How should I answer this question 这问题我应当怎样回答？
　　—Why, that's simple enough... 嗨，这太简单了……
　　Why, you're ahead of time too! 怎么，你也提前完成任务了。
　　Why, man, she's after your money. 你不知道，伙计，她想要你的钱。
学以致用
【基础练习】
1. 用适当的连词填空，完成下面的句子。
(1) I'm a teacher_____he is a teacher, too.
(2) We're discussing_____we'll hold a sports meeting.
(3) _____(即使) you were here yesterday, you couldn't help him.
(4) It started to rain_____we were playing outdoors.
(5) It is_____an interesting book_____I read it many times.
2. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) Mr Lin or Mr Zhou_____the meeting this afternoon.
　　A. attends　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　　 B. attend　　 C. are going to attend　 D. is going to attend
(2) You can borrow my money again,_____you can return it to me.
　　A. as soon as　　B. as long as　　 C. as short as　　 D. as long so
(3) I can speak English_____.
　　A. as well　　 B. as well as　　 C. as good　　 D. as good as
(4) Speak a little louder_____they can hear you clearly.
　　A. such that　　 B. so that　　　 C. so well　　 D. such well
(5) Though it was very late,_____I didn't want to go to bed.
　　A. so　　　　 B. because　　 C. but　　　　 D. yet
(6) I shall go there_____it rains.
　　A. and　　　　 B. as　　　　 C. unless　　　 D. or
(7) I don't k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )now if it_____tomorrow. If it_____tomorrow, I will go to make a snowman.
　　A. snows; will snow　　　　　　 B. snows; snows
　　C. will snow; snows　　　　　　 D. will snow; will snow21*cnjy*com
(8) Look! That man is almost as if he_____.
　　A. is drunk　　 B. were drunk　 C. drank　　　　 D. drinks
(9) He got ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up very early this morning_____he could catch the early bus.
　　A. in order　　 B. in order to　 C. in order that D. as though
(10) We must wait here_____your father comes back.
　　A. until　　　 B. as　　　　 C. as soon as　　 D. even though
3.找出并改正下面每个句子中的一处错误。
(1)He has five, six English books.
(2)Jim is a good boy. He is clever or honest.
(3)The man is six feet and three inches tall.
(4)Because you are my brother, so I can't quarrel with you.
(5)I can't swim and skate.
【能力提升】
1.选择最佳答案填空。
(1) Geometry,______I know nothing, seems a very dull subject.
　　A. that　　　　 B. about that　　 C. which　　　　 D. about which
(2) The highest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) temperature______in any furnace on earth is about 10,000 centigrade.
　　A. we can get　　　　　　 B. that we can get it
　　C. which we can get it　　　　 D. what we can get
(3) Sound is conducted through steel in the same manner______.
A. as in air　　 B. as through air　　
C. as air does　　 D. like air
(4) ______he was putting on his uniform, the officer found that one of the sleeves was torn.
　　A. Since　　 B. Unless　　　 C. As　　　　 D. Before
(5) The police fina ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly caught up with the man______was the escaped prisoner.
　　A. who they thought　　　　 B. whom they thought
　　C. they thought him　　　　　　D. that they thought him
(6) ______knows th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e name of this song will receive a prize from the radio station.
　　A. Whoever　　　　　　 B. Those
　　C. Whichever people　　　　 D. Any people
(7) ______do you believe is not about to support our plan 21·cn·jy·com
　　A. Whom　　 B. Who　　　　 C. Whoever 　　 D. Which
(8) He didn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t know French,______made it difficult for him to study at a university in France.
　　A. that　　 B. as　　　　C. this　　　　 D. which
(9) She is a fine singer,______her mother used to be.
　　A. like　　 B. that　　　　C. as　　　　 D. which
(10) She always tak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es careful notes in class______she may review them from time to time.
　　A. so that　　　　B. in order to　　C. because of　　 D. rather than
2. 根据短文内容，选择适当的选项填空。
　　One British s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chool is finding that allowing children to listen to music or even to have the TV on while studying is helping to improve grades. (1)_____your teenager starts a family quarrel by sitting in an armchair listening to music while doing his homework, why not(2)_____a simple experiment (3)______taking the heavy- handed (严厉的) line of(4)______him to his bedroom to get on with it(5)______, let him do the homework the(6)______he wants. You might well find that his essay is more sparkling (有文采的) than(7)______he's done before.2·1·c·n·j·y
　　According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the research of Millfield prep school, around 20% of youngsters(8)______best with background music, 10% excel (突出) when allowed to(9)______their work with short walks around the room while up to 80% can concentrate (集中注意力) (10)_____if allowed to fiddle(用手拨弄) with a small object.21·世纪*教育网
　　The research has adv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ised the school to adopt(采取) a complete(11)______approach (措施), analyzing pupils to discover which learning style (12)_____them best, then letting them do their work listening to music or (13)_____lying down. (14)______parents at first regarded the (15)______as a layabout's(懒散闲荡的人) deed but many are now applying it at (16)_____where children are also allowed to do their work 17______the television on.
　　“I (18)______to work on the floor with music on low,” admits Susan, 13, a day girl(走读女生). “At first my parents thought I was skiving (逃避工作), but my(19)_____persuaded them to look at my homework and when they saw it was okay,
they (20)_____.”
　　(1) A. Next time B. Then　　　　 C. Before doing　　 D. In case
　　(2) A. take　　　　 B. try　　　　 C. form　　　　 D. allow
　　(3) A. In sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite of　　 B. Except for　　 C. In place of　　 D. Rather than
　　(4) A. causing　　　 B. advising　　 C. ordering　　 D. permitting
　　(5) A. quickly　　　　 B. quietly　　　 C. carefully　　 D. attentively
　　(6) A. atmosphere　　 B. way　　　　 C. method　　 D. means
　　(7) A. everything　　 B. something　　 C. nothing　　 D. anything
　　(8) A. work　　　　 B. relax　　　　 C. think　　　　 D. progress
　　(9) A. break out　　 B. break down　　 C. break up　　 D. break in
　　(10) A. faster　　　　 B. deeper　　　　 C. better　　　 D. worse
　　(11) A. new　　　　 B. special　　　　 C. common　　 D. interesting
　　(12) A. interests　　 B. affects　　　　 C. suits　　　　 D. improves
　　(13) A. still　　　　 B. perhaps　　 C. almost　　　 D. even
　　(14) A. Doubtful　　 B. Puzzled　　 C. Angry　　　 D. Unpleased
　　(15) A. move　　　　 B. suggestion　　 C. research　　 D. problem
　　(16) A. school　　　　 B. class　　　　 C. home　　　 D. last
　　(17) A. while　　　　 B. when　　　　 C. as　　　　 D. with
　　(18) A. continue　　 B. hope　　　　 C. hate　　　　 D. prefer
　　(19) A. teacher　　　　B. classmate　　 C. friend　　　 D. neighbor
　　(20) A. refused　　　　B. agreed　　　　 C. stopped　　 D. accepted
参考答案
【基础练习】
1. 1)and (2)whether (3)Even if (4)while (5)such...that　　
2. (1)D (2)B (3)A (4)B (5)D (6)C (7)C (8)B (9)C (10)A
3. (1)five, six—five ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) or six (2)or—and (3)去掉and (4)去掉so (5)and—or
【能力提升】
1. (1)D (2)A (3)B (4)C (5)A (6)A (7)B (8)D (9)C (10)A　　
2. (1)A (2)B (3)D (4)C (5)B (6)B (7)D (8)A (9)C (10)C
　　(11)A (12)C (13)D (14)A (15)A (16)C (17)D (18)D (19)A (20)B
3. (1)D—and (2)C—do much (3)B—either (4)C—去掉but (5)D—or
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