高中英语语法之13·动词语态　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·动词语态
目 录
话说语态
A 被动语态的构成及主被动间的转换
构成
主被动间的转换
B 被动语态的常用句式
C 被动语态的用法
D 各种时态的被动语态
一般时态的被动语态
进行时态的被动语态
完成时态的被动语态
E 各种形式的被动结构
情态动词的被动结构
一些特定不定式的被动结构
成语动词的被动结构
特殊形式的被动结构
过去分词用在某些句型中表被动
现在分词的被动结构
动名词的被动结构
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 13 动词语态
话说语态
　　在英语中,动词的语态有主动语态和被动语态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是做这动作的人或东西，动词就要用主动语态。如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，动词就需
要用被动语态。
A. 被动语态的构成及主动间的转换
1. 构成
　　被动语态由“助动词be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。以tell为例，各个时态的被动式列表如下：
　　 　　一般时态　　　　 进行时态　　　　 完成时态
　　现在 　is / are / am told　　 is / are / am being told has / have been told
　　过去 　were / was told　　 were / was being told　 had been told
　　将来 　will / shall be told　　 /　　　　 will / shall have been told
　　过去将来　would / should be told　 /　　　　 would /should have been told
2. 主被动间的转换
　　一个主动结构的句子，若要变成被动结构，首先是把句子的宾语变成主语，然后把谓语改为被动语态，最后把原来的主语放在句末，前面加介词by。21cnjy.com
　　在被动语态的句子中，动作执行者大多数情况下可以由介词by引起的短语来表示，但也有其他情况。试比较下面的句子： 21·cn·jy·com
　　主动语态(主语为动作的执行者)　　 被动语态(主语为动作的承受者)
　Lu Xun wrote the book. 鲁迅写了这本书。　 The book was written by Lu Xun.
这本书是鲁迅写的。
They took her to hospital.他们把她送进了医院。 She was taken to hospital.
她被送进了医院。
I painted the wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lls yellow. 我把墙刷成了黄色的。　The walls were painted yellow.
墙被粉刷成黄色。
He showed his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work at the gallery.　　 His works were shown at the gallery.
他在美术馆展出了他的作品。　　　　 他的作品在美术馆展出。
　　有时可不用by引出动作的执行者而用with引出。如：
　　主语(动作的承受者)　　 谓语　　　　 with引起的状语
　　The room 　　　　 is filled　　　　 with people.
　　The building　　　　 was surrounded　　 with trees.
　　The desk 　　　　　　 was covered　　 with dust.
B. 被动语态的常用句式
(1) 主语+谓语+不定式。如：
　　The boy was told to go to bed. 告诉那男孩去睡觉。
　　He was often heard to sing this song. 人们经常听见他唱这首歌。www.21-cn-jy.com
　　It was believed to be true. 相信这是真实的。
(2) 主语+谓语+名词作补语。如：
　　He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。
　　You will be made captain of the team. 你负责这个团队。
　　This must be kept a secret. 这一定是个秘密。
(3) 主语+谓语+形容词等。如：
　　The door was painted black. 门被漆成了黑色。
　　The room should be kept clean. 房间应该保持干净。
　　The boy was found in excellent health. 人们发现那男孩的健康状况良好。
(4) It+谓语+主语从句。如：
　　It is reported ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that over thirty people were killed in the explosion. 据报道，在爆炸中有30多人被炸死。2·1·c·n·j·y
　　It is said that his income is $ 100 an hour. 据说，他一小时的收入是100美元。 　　
　　It was understood that you were to bear the cost. 你能承受这样的价格是可以理解的。
C. 被动语态的用法
　　被动结构在正式文体中用得较多。此外，在下面情况下也需要用被动结构。
(1) 不知道或不想提动作的执行者是谁。如：
　　This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible. 这事将尽快解决。
　　An eldly man was run over crossing the road. 一位老人过马路时被汽车撞了。
　　Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建起来的。
　　The treasure was hidden in a cave. 珍宝藏在洞里。
(2) 说话的重心为动作的承受者。如：
　　Most of the Earth's surface is covered by water. 地球的大部分地区被水覆盖。 　　
　　The sun is orbited by nine planets. 有九颗行星绕太阳运行。
　　The music was followed by a short interval. 音乐之后有一小段休息。
(3) 出于措辞上的考虑。
　　出于礼貌而不提动作的执行者。如：
　　You are cordially invited to this ceremony. 热诚邀请阁下参加此次典礼。
　　You are asked to be punctual. 希望大家准时到会。
　　没有必要或不想提出谁是动作的执行者。如：
　　You're expected not to tell anyone about it. 希望你不要告诉任何人这件事。
　　It's agreed that we all stand behind him. 大家同意都支持他。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
(4) 便于句子的安排：有时用主动结构或被动结构都可以，出于修辞或句法上的考虑，可能采用被动结构。如：www-2-1-cnjy-com
　　They are going to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uild an apartment building next year. It is going to be built behind the office building. 明年他们将修建一座住宅楼，就盖在办公楼后面。(若用主动结构，两个句式相同，显得有些呆板)【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
　　They were kill ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed by a grenade, which exploded under the car. 他们被一颗手榴弹炸死了，手榴弹是在车下爆炸的。(如改为主动结构，句子会显得头重脚轻)21*cnjy*com
(5) 公告、通知中也可用被动语态。如：
　　[机场的广播通知]
　　Passengers are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )requested to remain seated until the aircraft comes to a complete stop. 请各位旅客留在座位上直到飞机完全停好。
　　[考场的纪律公告]
　　Candidates are reque ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sted to present themselves fifteen minutes before the examination begins. They are asked to be punctual. 考生需在考前15分钟到场。务请准时。
(6) 在新闻报道、报纸标题等中用被动语态。如：
　　 The search for t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he bank robbers continues. Meanwhile many people have been questioned and owner of the stolen getaway car has been traced. 一直继续搜寻抢劫银行的匪徒。与此同时许多人受到盘问，并一直在追查劫匪逃逸时所用的偷来的汽车主人是谁。
　　Trade Agreements Broken!贸易协定被破坏！
　　His Seven-year-old Girl Kidnapped! 他七岁的女儿遭到绑架！
(7) 用于科技性文章中。如：
　　Today, spa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceships are being launched regularly. The space shuttle is being perfected. Satellites are being sent into orbit to beam radio, television and telephone signals worldwide. Space stations are being designed. And lasers, powerful rays of directed light, are being used in all area of high technology. 现如今，经常发射太空船。航天飞机也不断完善。卫星被送入轨道来向全世界发射无线电、电视及电话信号。太空站正在设计。激光及强力定向光束正在各个高科技领域中使用。
D. 各种时态的被动语态
1. 一般时态的被动语态
　　一般时态的被动语态都由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。如：
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态
　　English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。
　　I'm asked to clean my room once a week. 我每周打扫一次房间。
　　How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么拼写？
　　相关试题解析
1. Once environmenta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l damage_____, it takes many years for the system to recover(高考题)
　　A. has done　 B. is to do　　 C. does　　 D. is done
　　【选D】do作为及物动词有“引起， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词ｄｏ的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。
2. The gray ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )building is where the workers live,and the white one is where the spare parts_____.
(四级题)
　　A. are producing　　　　　　 B. are produced　　
　　C. produced　　　　　　 D. being produced
　　【选B】译文：这座灰楼是工人们住的地方，那座白楼则是生产备件的地方。
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态
　　Their wedding was held in a church. 他们的婚礼是在教堂举行的。
　　She was asked to sing a song. 大家要求她唱支歌。
　　They were given a warm send-off. 大家热情欢送他们。
　　相关试题解析
1. Since the dead ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly H5N1 bird flu virus______not only in Asia but also in Europe and Africa, migratory birds have been regarded as the carriers.(高考题)
　　A. discovere ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d B. was discovered C. had discovered D. have been discovered
　　【选B】题意为：自从致命的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )H5N1型禽流感病毒不仅在亚洲也在欧洲和非洲被发现以来，候鸟已经被认定是携带者。发现禽流感是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，并且discover与bird flu virus之间存在动宾关系，所以用被动语态。
2. The sho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p assistant was dismissed as she was______of cheating customers. (四级题)
　　A. accused　　 B. charged　　 C. scolded　　 D. cursed
　　【选A】译文：这位售货员由于被控告欺骗顾客而被解雇。
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态
　　The conference will be held in Sanya. 这次会议将在三亚举行。
　　The rostrum will be decorated with fresh flowers. 演讲台将用鲜花装饰。
　　Some of us will be asked to speak at the meeting. 我们有些人将被邀请在会上发言。
(4) 过去将来时的被动语态
　　She little thought she would be rewarded. 她一点儿也没想到她会受到奖赏。
　　Keith hoped that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he would be assigned a more suitable job. 凯斯希望他能分配到更适合的工作。
2. 进行时态的被动语态
　　进行时态的被动语态都由“助动词be+being+过去分词”构成。如：
(1) 现在进行时的被动语态
　　The room is being cleaned at the moment. 房间此刻正在打扫。
　　The road is being widened. 马路正在加宽。
　　Your steak is being grilled. 你的牛排正在烤。
　　相关试题解析
The fifth generation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )computers, with artificial intelligence,______and perfected now.
(高考题，四级题)
　　A. developed　　　　 B. have developed　　
　　C. are being developed　　 D. will have been developed　　
　　【选C】译文：具有人工智能 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的第五代计算机目前正在研制和完善中。develop 和perfect是并列关系，动词perfect只能作及物动词用，因此在本句中应为被动语态，同作谓语的动词develop也应是被动语态。此外，句中时间状语now表示谓语应是现在正在进行的动作。
(2) 过去进行时的被动语态
　　We couldn't use the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) office. It was being redecorated. 办公室不能用，它正在重新装修。
　　I learned that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a new rocket was being launched that day. 我听说那天要发射一枚新型火箭。
　　The case was being investigated. 案件正在被调查。
　　相关试题解析
1. While you were in London that year, the London Bridge_____.(高考题)
　　A. was being repaired 　　　　 B. had been being repaired
　　C. would be repaired　　 D. was repaired
　　【选A】因为时间状语从句表示的是一个具体的过去时间，所以主句谓语用过去进行时的被动语态。
2. Two of the glasses were broken when they_____(wash). (考研题)
　　【填were being washed】译文：其中的两只杯子在洗涤时被打破了。
3. 完成时态的被动语态
　　完成时态的被动语态都由“has / have / had +been+过去分词”构成。如：
(1) 现在完成时的被动语态
　　A spaceship has recently been launched. 最近发射了一艘太空船。
　　—Are you going to the party 你准备去参加晚会吗？
　　—No,I haven't been invited. 不，我未被邀请。
　　The book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译成多种语言。
1. Great a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s Newton was, many of his ideas______today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time(高考题)
　　A. are to challenge　　　　 B. have been challenged
　　C. may be challenged　　 D. are challenging
　　【选B】challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当用被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。
2. Whatever the caus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es，English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spoken and written than any other language______. (六级题)
　　A. ever was　　　　　　 B. had ever been　　
　　C. has ever been　　　　　　 D. would ever been
【选C】译文：无论什么原因，英语的口头和书面应用范围在20世纪末比以往任何语言都广泛。
(2) 过去完成时的被动语态
　　The Qingzang railway had already been opened. 青藏铁路已通车。
　　Jerry wanted to kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w if the result had been announced. 杰瑞想知道结果是否已经宣布。
1. I was shocked to hear that your house______into.(高考题)
　　A. Was broken B. broke 　　　　　　　　
　　C. has been broken　　 D. had been broken
　　【选D】break这个动作发生在was shocked之前，即过去的过去。应该用过去完成时的被动语态。
2. Between 1897 and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed______. (考研题)
　　A. had produced　　　　 B. have been produced
　　C. would have produced　　　　 D. had been produced
　　【选D】译文：从1897年到1919年，至少有29部描写人造生物的电影问世。
E. 各种形式的被动结构
1. 情态动词的被动结构
(1) 由can，could构成的被动结构。如：
　　Such a situation could be changed, he thought. 他想这种状况可以改变。
　　This can't be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。
　　In this sense ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), bad things can be turned into good things. 从这一点上说，坏事也可以转变成好事。
　　could后可以用被动语态的完成形式。如：
　　Such accidents could have been prevented. 这样的事故本来是可以阻止的。
　　They could not have been overheard. 不会有人听到他们的讲话。
　　相关试题解析
　　Orchestral in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )struments______under the following types：strings,woodwind, brass and percussion.(托福题)
　　A. grouped　　　　　　 B. can be grouped　　
　　C. can group　　　　　　 D. to be grouped
　　【选B】译文：管弦乐器可以分成以下几类：弦乐器、木管乐器、铜管乐器和打击乐器。
(2) 由may，might构成的被动结构。如：
　　More space stations may be built. 可能有更多的太空站要建造。
　　You might / may be allowed to stay longer. 你可能会被允许多待些时间。
　　New species might / may be discovered. 新的品种可能会被发现。
(3) 由must，mustn't构成的被动结构。如：
　　The task must be finished by the end of the month. 这个任务必须月底完成。
　　My passport must be renewed. 我的护照必须更换。
　　This mustn't be neglected. 这一点不可被忽视。
　　相关试题解析
　　The flowers______every day, or they'll die. (中考题)2-1-c-n-j-y
　　A. must water 　　　　 B. can be watered
　　C. should water 　　　　 D. must be watered　　
　　【选D】译文：花应该每天浇水，否则的话它将会凋谢。
　　must后也可跟被动语态的完成形式。如：
　　The door must have been locked by my wife. 门一定是我妻子锁的。
　　The question must have been raised by him. 这问题一定是他提的。
(4) 由should构成的被动结构。如：
　　The environment should be improved. 环境应当改善。
　　A stadium should be built in this area. 这个地区应当修建一座体育场。
　　What kind of research should be done in your opinion 照你看应该进行哪种研究？
　　should后也可跟被动语态的完成形式。如：
　　These should have been planned well ahead. 这些应当提前计划好。
　　They should have been given more books to read. 本应当多给他们一些书读。
(5) need，needn't也可用于被动结构中。如：
　　Need they be notified of her expulsion 她被开除需要通知他们吗？
　　This needn't be mentioned in the letter. 这在信中不必提及。
　　The second point needn't be discussed today. 第二点今天不必讨论。
2. 一些特定不定式的被动结构
(1) be going to+be+动词的过去分词。如：
　　A press conference is going to be held tonight. 今晚要举行一个记者招待会。
　　The meeting is going to be put off. 会议将要延迟。
　　When are they going to be married 他们准备什么时候结婚？
(2) ought to+be+动词的过去分词。如：
　　Such activities ought to be prohibited. 这种活动应当禁止。
　　They ought to be encouraged to voice their views. 应当鼓励他们提出自己的看法。
　　He ought to be promoted. 他应当提升。
　　相关试题解析
As teachers we should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think______.
(高考题)
　　A. ought to be said　　　　 B. must say
　　C. have to be said　　　　 D. need to say
　　【选A】what we think和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )what is said一样，都是介词with后面的由what引导的名词性从句。在前一个从句中，what是主语，is said是动词的被动语态作谓语；在后面从句中，what也是主语，谓语同样也要用被动语态，we think是插入成分，不是谓语，去掉we think不影响原句。
(3) has to / have to / had to+be+动词的过去分词。如：
　　All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 各种困难需要克服。
　　Economy has / had to be practised. 必须厉行节约。
　　Other problems also had to be faced. 别的问题也需要面对。
(4) be+不定式+be+动词的过去分词。如：
　　Such people are to be pitied. 我们应同情这样的人。
　　Not a cloud was to be seen. 看不到一朵云彩。
　　Not a sound was to be heard. 听不到一点声音。
(5) be bound / sure to+be+动词的过去分词。如：
　　They are bound to be defeated. 他们一定会被打败。
　　You are bound to be told this sometime. 总会有人找时间告诉你这件事的。
　　These traitors are sure to be punished. 这些叛徒一定会受到惩罚。
(6) be about / due / apt to+be+动词的过去分词。如：
　　The work is about to be finished. 这工作即将完成。
　　Crops are due to be reaped in late autumn. 庄稼将在秋末收割。21·世纪*教育网
　　The store is apt to be closed. 这家店很可能要关门。
3. 成语动词的被动结构
　　常可这样用的成语动词有下面几类：
(1) 及物动词+副词。如：
　　The Second World War ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was brought about by Hitler's invasion of Poland. 第二次世界大战是由希特勒进攻波兰引起的。【版权所有：21教育】
　　The meeting has been brought forward to the 7th. 会议提前到7号举行。
　　I was brought up by my aunt. 我是被姨妈带大的。
(2) 动词+介词。如：
　　Lena has never been operated on before. 莉娜以前从未做过手术。
　　The meeting was brought to a sudden close. 会议突然结束。
　　The constitution was never put in force. 这部宪法从未生效过。
相关试题解析
1. I am su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re that the matter_____as quickly as possible. Have a little patience (高考题)
　　A. will be attendec　　 B. will be attended to
　　C. is attended　　 D. is attended to
　　【选B】attend to意为“处理、解决”，而attend无此意。从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。
2. The earring is o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne of the oldest ornaments and______pieces of stone, horn, or shell.(托福题)
　　A. was from made originally　　 B. was made originally from
　　C. originally made was from　　 D. from originally made was
　　【选B】译文：耳环是最古老的装饰品之一，起初是由石头、动物的角或贝壳的碎块做成的。
(3) 动词+副词/名词+介词。如：
　　These things are not easily put up with. 这类事是不容易忍受的。
　　Jackson must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have been looked down upon by his classmates. 杰克逊一定受到了他同学们的鄙视。
　　His retireme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt is very much looked forward to by the office staff. 办公室人员都盼望他退休。
4. 特殊形式的被动结构
(1) 带双宾语句子的被动结构。
　　这类句子的主动结构有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。当句子变为被动结构时，多数情况下都把间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语，而把直接宾语保留下来，称为保留宾语。如：
　　Joe was awar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ded the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society. 乔被授予了皇家学会的拉姆福德奖章。
　　They were granted many privileges. 他们被给予许多特权。
　　They should be taught how to read and write. 应当教他们读书写字。
　　有时直接宾语作主语，而把间接宾语改为to引起的状语。如：
　　The prize has been awarded to Dr. Davidson. 奖金颁给了戴维森博士。
　　The ball was passed to the centre-forward. 球被传给了中锋。【出处：21教育名师】
　　No refreshments were offered (to them). 没给他们提供茶点。
(2) 带复合宾语句子的被动结构。
　　带复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，可以把主动语态中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语仍保留在谓语之后。如：
　　[不定式]
　　They are required to show their tickets. 他们被要求出示票。
　　[名词]
　　The place was named Bethel. 这地方名叫贝索尔。
　　相关试题解析
　　This law_____the nu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mber of accidents caused by children running across the road when they get off the bus. (六级题)
　　A. intending to reduce　　　　 B. intends reducing
　　C. intended reducing　　　　 D. is intended to reduce
　　【选D】译文：制定本法是为了减少由于孩子们下公共汽车后横穿马路而造成的事故。
(3) “be+过去分词+不定式”结构。如：
　　He is said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to pay less income tax than he should. 据说他所得税交得不够。 Leonard was considered to be a genius. 雷纳德被认为是一个天才。
　　These remedies are believed to be very effective. 这些疗法据说很有效。
(4) “It+be+过去分词+从句”结构。主动语态中的宾语如果是从句，变为被动语态时，要用形式主语it来代替。常见的这类结构有：
　　It is said that... 据说　　　　 It is supposed that... 据推测
　　It is well known that... 众所周知　　 It is believed that... 据信
　　It is reported that... 据报道　　　　 It is hoped that... 希望
　　It will be s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een that... 由此可以看出　　 It must be pointed out that... 必须指出
　　It is generally considered that... 有人认为
　　It must be admitted that... 必须承认
　　It is said that there is plenty of oil off our coast. 据说我们的近海有大量石油。
　　It is alleged that the hostage is dead. 据称人质已经死了。
　　It was reported that the enemy had surrendered. 据报道敌人已经投降。
　　相关试题解析
1. A Dream of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Red Chamber is said______into dozens of languages in the last decade.
(高考题)
　　A. to have been translated　　 B. to be translated
　　C. to translate　　　　 D. to have translated
　　【选A】动词不定式to translate这一动作发生在谓语动词said之前，而且该动作的客体是本句的主语，所以应当用完成时的被动式。
2. ______mill ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the MilkyWay. (托福题)
　　A. It is estimated that　　　　 B. An estimate that
　　C. That is estimated　　　　 D. That the estimate
　　【选A】译文：据估计，银河之外的辽阔太空中存在着千百万个星系。
(5) “there+be+过去分词”结构。如：
　　There are known to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e thousands of different species of beetles. 据了解，有成千上万种不同的甲虫。
　　There is supposed to be a train at 9：30. 九点半应该有一趟火车。
　　There is bound to be someone who remembers him. 一定有人还记得他。
5. 过去分词用在某些句型中表被动
　　非谓语动词有时也需要用被动形式，其中过去分词在大多数情况下都有被动意思，尤其是用在某些句型中。
(1) “get+p.p. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(动词的过去分词)”结构往往用来强调动作的结果，也可用来表示突然的事态，或最终出现的某种事实，是一种非正式语体。如： 　　
　　Don't get lost!不要迷路了！
　　We got caught in the storm. 我们遇上暴雨了。
　　Did you get hurt in any way 你什么地方受伤了吗？
　　在下列句子中，不能使用“get+p.p.”结构。如：
　　The story got written by O. Henry.(误)
　　The story was written by O. Henry.(正)
　　The conference got being held in New York.(误)
　　The conference is being held in New York.(正)
(2) “become，grow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )等系动词+过去分词”的结构：不及物动词和表示状态及特征的及物动词不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词有：become，belong to，contain，cost，disappear，exist，fit，happen，have，lack，reach，resemble，seem，remain等。如： 　　
　　At last the truth became known. 最后真相大白了。
　　No one seemed embarrassed by the question. 似乎没人对这个问题感到尴尬。
　　The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。
　　This dictionary is costed $ 35. (误)
　　This dictionary costed me $ 35. (正)
　　这本词典花了我35美元。
　　Economic uncerta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inty, of course, is precisely why commodity futures market is existed.(误)
　　Economic uncertai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nty, of course, is precisely why commodity futures market exists. (正)
　　当然，经济不稳定恰恰是商品期货交易市场存在的原因。
(3) “have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构。如：
　　She had her watch stolen. 她的表被人偷了。
　　I won't have your medicine prepared now. 我没有把你的药准备好。
　　He has had everything fixed up. 他已把一切修好。
(4) “get +名词或代词+过去分词”结构。如：
　　I'm trying to get it published. 我正设法请人把它出版了。
　　We must got something done. 我必须做点事。
　　Go and get your hair cut. 去把你的头发剪一下。
6. 现在分词的被动结构
　　现在分词的被动结构可以构成各种句子成分。见下表：
　　句子成分　　例证
　　作复合宾语　I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送进了手术室。
　　 Ariel found herself being warmly welcomed everywhere.
艾莉尔发现自己受到各地的热烈欢迎。
作定语　　 The building being renovated is an ancient temple. 21教育网
正在翻修的那个建筑是一座古庙。
　　 Who is the woman being operated on 正在动手术的那个女人是谁？
作状语　　 Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it.
给了这个机会，她立刻抓住了。
　　 Being well taken care of, she recovered quickly.
她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。
7. 动名词的被动结构
　　动名词的被动结构也可充当句子成分。如：
(1) 作动词的宾语。
　　June doesn't like being kept waiting. 朱恩不喜欢久等。
　　I remember being giv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en a bicycle on my tenth birthday. 我记得10岁生日那天有人送给我一辆自行车。
(2) 作介词的宾语。
　　Kitty is far from being pleased; she's very angry. 基蒂不是高兴，而是很生气。
　　Jesse was afraid of being attacked. 杰西担心受人攻击。
(3) 作主语。
　　So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence. 因此被鲨鱼咬死是常有的事。
　　It felt funny being called Grandmother. 被人称作奶奶是很有趣的。
　　相关试题解析
　　There seemed littl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e hope that the explorer,______in the tropical forest, would find his way through it. (考研题)
　　A. to be deserted　　　　　　 B. having deserted
　　C. to have been deserted　　　　 D. having been deserted
　　【选D】译文：这名被遗弃在热带森林中的探险者找到走出去的路的希望似乎很渺茫。
学以致用
【基础练习】
1. 将下列句子变为被动语态。
(1) Everybody respects the brave old man.
　　
(2) We elected Comrade Li head of our workshop.
　　
(3) She can translate the difficult sentence into English.
　　
(4) We are turning China into a powerful industrial country.21*cnjy*com
　　
(5) They asked her to tell a story.
　　
2. 将下列句子变为主动语态。
(1) We were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) told an interesting story by our teacher yesterday afternoon.
　　
(2) A kite is being made (by us) now.
　　
(3) What was said by you at the meeting
　　
(4) A hole should be dug for the young tree.
　　
(5) Our homework must be finished first.
　　 　　
3. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) One or two man-made satellites______in our country every year.
　　A. have been sent up　　　 B. will be sent up
　　C. is sent up　　　　　　 D. are sent up
(2) Our TV set______yesterday.
　　A. is repaired　　　　 　　　　 B. was repaired
　　C. had been repaired　　　　 　　D. would be repaired
(3) A new building______in our school next year.
　　A. will be built　　　　　　 B. is built
　　C. is being built　　　　　　 D. has been built
(4) Many books on science______since I went to college.
　　A. were bought　　　　　　 B. have been bought
　　C. will be bought　　　　　　 D. are bought
(5) A wonderful English talk______by Mr Liu tomorrow.
　　A. has been given　　　　　　 B. is given　　
　　C. is being given　　　　　　 D. will be given
(6) How______the Gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eat Pyramid (金字塔)______many years ago without modern machines
　　A. is; built　　　　　　 B. would; be built
　　C. have; been built　　　　　　 D. was; built
(7) Mr Li, you______on the phone.
　　A. are wanted B. we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re wanted　 C. are being wanted　D. will be wanted
(8) ______the work______yet
　　A. Is; finished　　　　　　 B. Will; be finished　　
　　C. Has; been finished　　　　 D. Would; be finished
(9) This maths problem______out by Little Tom.
　　A. can be easily work　　　　 B. can easily be worked　　
　　C. can is easily worked　　　　 D. can easily worked
(10) Trees______in winter but in spring.
　　A. not can be planted　　　　 B. can be not planted　　
　　C. can't be planted　　　　　　 D. can not be plant
(11) This kind of cars______in Japan ten years ago.
　　A. can only be made　　　　 B. could only made　　
　　C. be could only made　　　　 D. could only be made
(12) ______to the front at that time
　　A. Could be g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uns and food carried B. Could guns and food be carried
　　C. Can guns a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd food be carried D. Could guns and food were carried
(13) The bear______to the zoo tomorrow morning.
　　A. may be send 　　　　　　　 B. may is sent　　
　　C. may be sent　　　　　　 D. is may sent
(14) We hear a bridge______over the river this year.
　　A. may be built　　　　　　 B. may is built　　
　　C. may be build　　　　　　 D. may built
(15) A book______more than once if you want to understand it better.
　　A. must be readed　　　　　　 B. must be read　　
　　C. must to be read　　　　　　 D. must read
【能力提升】
1. 将下列各句变成被动语态。
(1) He gave me a present.
　　
(2) My sister made the soup.
　　
(3) The workers could not find the manager anywhere in the factory.
　　
(4) The army engine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers and soldiers have built a bridge over the river.
　　
(5) The police will surely arrest the thieves.
　　
(6) My brother will repair my bike for me.
　　
(7) You must clean your watch once a year.
　　
(8) I didn't tell you Xiao Wang could do the job.
　　
(9) I cannot find my dictionary. Someone has taken it.
　　
(10) She cannot find her bag. Someone must have taken it.
　　 　　
2. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
　　Any mistake (1) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______(make) in the printing of a stamp (2)______(raise) its value to stamp collectors. A mistake on one cheap postage stamp (3)______(make) the stamp worth a million and a half times its original value.
　　The mistake ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(4)______(make) more than a hundred years ago in the British colony of Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean. In 1847 an order for stamps (5)______(send) to a London printer—Mauritius (6)______(become) the fourth country in the world to issue stamps.
　　Before the o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rder (7)______(fill) and (8)______(deliver), a party (9)______(plan) in Mauritius' Government House, and stamps (10)______(need) to send out the invitations. A local printer (11)______(instruct) to copy the design for the stamps. He (12)______(write)
by chance th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e words “Post Office” instead of “Post Paid” on the several hun-dred stamps that he (13)______(print).
　　Today there (14)______(be) only twenty-six of these wrongly (15)______(print) stamps left—fourteen One-penny Orange-Reds and twelve Two-penny Blues. Because of the Two-penny Blues' rareness and age, collectors (16)______(pay) as much as $16,800 for it.
参考答案
【基础练习】
1. (1) The brave old man is respected by everybody.
　　(2) Comrade Li was elected head of our workshop (by us).
　　(3) The difficult sentence can be translated into English by her.
　　(4) China is bei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng turned into a powerful industrial country (by us).
　　(5) She was asked to tell a story.
2. (1) Our teacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) told us an interesting story yesterday afternoon.
　　(2) We are making a kite now.
　　(3) What did you say at the meeting
　　(4) We should dig a hole for the young tree.
　　(5) We must finish our homework first.
3. (1) D　(2) B　(3) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) A　(4) B　(5) D　(6) D　 (7) A　(8) C　(9) B (10) C 　(11) D (12) B (13) C (14) A (15) B
【能力提升】
1. (1)I was given a present by him.
　　(2)The soup was made by my sister.
　　(3)The manager could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not be found anywhere in the factory by the workers.
　　(4)A bridge has been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) built over the river by the army engineers and soldiers.
　　(5)The thieves will surely be arrested by the police.
　　(6)My bike will be repaired by my brother.
　　(7)Your watch must be cleaned once a year.
　　(8)I didn't tell you the job could be done by Xiao Wang.
　　(9)I cannot find my dictionary. It has been taken (by someone).
　　(10)She cannot find her bag. It must have been taken (by someone).
2. (1)made　　(2)raises　　(3)has made　　(4)was made　　(5)was sent
　　(6)was to become　　(7)was filled　　(8)delivered　　(9)was planned
　　(10)were needed (11)was instructed (12)wrote (13)printed (14)are
　　(15)printed　　 (16)have paid　
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