高中英语语法之14·虚拟语气　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·虚拟语气
目 录
话说语气
A 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
与现在情况相反
与过去情况相反
与将来情况相反
虚拟条件句的转换
B 特殊的虚拟条件句
C 虚拟语气在从句中的用法
用于主语从句中
用于宾语从句中
用于状语从句中
用于表语从句和同位语从句中
D 虚拟语气的其他用法
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 14 虚拟语气
话说虚拟语气
　　在英语中，随着说话人意图的不同，需要用不同的句式来表达不同的语气，英语中有四种语气：
(1) 陈述语气——用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法。如：
　　I am not ready. 我没准备好。
　　British is a great country. 英国是一个伟大的国家。
(2) 疑问语气——用来提出疑问或问题。如：
　　Where do you come from 你是哪里人？
　　Are you a doctor 你是一个医生吗？
(3) 祈使语气——提出请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，也可发出命令等。如：
　　Be careful!小心！
　　Open the window, please. 请打开窗。
(4) 虚拟语气——表示主观愿望和假想推测的情况。虚拟语气的动词形式包括动词原形、情态动词、过去式及过去分词。在形式上可分为： 21cnjy.com
should，would，may，might等加动词原形构成：
　　Would you mind shutting the door 劳驾关门。
和某些时态的形式相同，但表示的时间不同：
　　If I had the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )money, I would buy it. 我要是有钱，我就买它了。(表示现在的情况，却用相当于过去时的形式) 【出处：21教育名师】
A. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
　　虚拟条件句表示假设或不大可能发 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生的情况，也可以表示与事实完全相反的情况，通常由if引导。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。主要有以下几种情况：
1与现在情况相反
(1) 与现在情况相反的虚拟条件句表示一个假想的与现在事实相反的或不可能发生的情况。在这种虚拟条件句中，动词的形式如下表：　　
从句 主句
　　与现在事实相反 动词过去式 would / should / might / could +动词原形
　　If he smoked less, he wouldn't cough so much. 如果他少抽点烟，就不会咳得这样厉害。
　　If it weren't raining, I would go out. 如果现在不下雨，我就出去了。
　　If I didn' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t write them down, I should probably forget all about them. 如果不写下来，我就可能把它们忘得一干二净。
(2) 从句中的谓语动词如果是be，则用were的形式。如：
　　If I were you, I wouldn't lose heart. 我要是你，我不会灰心的。
　　What would you do if you were in his place 要是你处于他的位置，你会怎么办？
(3) 在非正式场合，特别是在口语中，第一、三人称的谓语动词要用单数形式was。如：
　　If he was here, we could ask him. 如果他在这里，我们可以问他。
　　If I was in her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) place, I would think differently. 我要是处于她的位置，我会有不同的想法。
　　相关试题解析：
　　—How should the city be run
　　—If I______a ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yor, I would make the streets cleaner and hire more policemen. (托福题)
　　A. would　　　　B. were　　　　C. would be　　D. should
　　【选B】译文：——应该如何管理城市？
　　　　 　　　 ——如果我是市长，我会使街道更清洁，而且雇用更多的警察。
2. 与过去情况相反
　　与过去情况相反的虚拟条件句是指与事实完全相反的过去情况。这类句子的谓语动词形式如下表：
从句 主句
　　与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would / should / might / could+过去分词
　　If I had known ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) her number, I would have called her. 如果我知道她的电话，我就给她打电话了。
　　If we had f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ound him earlier, we might have solved the problem easily. 如果我们早点找到他，也许能容易地解决问题。
　　If I had left a litt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le earlier, I would have caught the train. 我要是早一点动身，就赶上火车了。
　　相关试题解析：
1. If she had worked harder, she_____.(高考题)
　　A. would succeed B. had succeeded
　　C. should succeed D. would have succeeded　　
　　【选D】本题考查与过去事实相 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )反的虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反，根据从句的意思，主句也是与过去事实相反。所以用此结构：If+主语+had done sth.，主语+should/would/could/might+have done sth.　　
2. If the whol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e operation_____beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.(四级题)
　　A. was not planned　　　　 B. has not been planned
　　C. had not been planned　　　　 D. were not planned
　　【选C】译文：如果整个行动没有预先计划好，就会损失大量的时间和金钱。
3. 与将来情况相反
　　表示与将来情况相反的虚拟条件句是指一个假想的与事实相反的情况，这种情况多不太可能发生。它的动词形式如下表：
从句 主句
　　与将来事实可能相反 ①动词过去式或 would / should / could / might +动词原形
②were to +动词原形
　　在表示与将来事实相反 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的条件句中，should do，were to do和动词过去式三种形式意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do的可能性最小。如：
　　If it were to snow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们就不出去了。
　　Tom might com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e back if he were to miss the plane tomorrow. 万一汤姆明天赶不上飞机，他可能会回来。
　　We wouldn't lose co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urage even if we should fail again. 即使再次失败我们也不会泄气。
　　相关试题解析：
1. If the pre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sent unemployment_____continue, the society would face a more difficult situation.(高考题)
　　A. would B. should C. might D. could　　
　　【选B】题意为：如果现在的失 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )业状况继续下去的话，社会将面临一个更加困难的情况。此处主从句均须用虚拟语气。在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中，动词可用“should+动词原形”或“were to +动词原形”。21·世纪*教育网
2. Jean doesn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t want to work right away because she thinks that if she_____a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often. (四级题)
　　A. has to get B. were to get　 C. had got　　 D. could have got
　　【选B】译文：琼不想马上工作，因为她觉得，如果找到一份工作，或许就不能经常见到自己的朋友了。
4. 虚拟条件句的转换
　　很多虚拟条件句可以转换成其他形式。
(1) 省略连词if
　　在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。如：
　　Should he c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome / If he should come, tell him to come to my office. 他要是来了，让他到我办公室来。
　　Were I you / If I were you, I would not let her go. 我要是你，就不会让她去。
　　Had Jack reco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gnized his teacher / If Jack had recognized his teacher, he would have run. 如果杰克认出了老师，他早就跑了。
　　相关试题解析：
1. The Departmen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of Health said yesterday that should anyone in this country contract bird flu, medical staff treating them______be issued with surgical masks. (高考题)
　　A. would B. might C. must D. ought to　　
　　【选A】由“should anyone...”可判断此句为省略if的虚拟语气，故主句用“would+动词原形”。
2. There is a real p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ossibility that these animals could be frightened,_____a sudden loud noise.
(考研题)
　　A. being there　　　　　　 B. should there be
　　C. there was 　　　　　　 D. there having been
　　【选B】译文：如果突然有很大的响声，这些动物就有可能受到惊吓。
(2) 省去条件从句或主句
　　[省去条件从句]
　　You could have washed the dishes yourself. 你本可以自己洗碗。
　　[省去主句，常用以表示祝愿]
　　If our grandmother were with us! 如果祖母与我们在一起多好啊！
　　If only the rain would stop! 要是雨停了该多好！
　　相关试题解析：
If only the co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmittee______the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
(四级题)
　　A. approve　 B. will approve　 C. can approve　 D. would approve
　　【选D】 译文：但愿委员会能尽快批准这些规则并且尽快实施。
B. 特殊的虚拟条件句
(1) 错综时间条件句
　　当条件从句表示的动作和主句表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动作发生的时间不一致时，就构成错综时间条件句。此时，主句和从句中的动词都根据各自所表示的动作发生的时间，使用相应的形式。如：
　　If we had n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot missed that train, we could be having supper at home now. 要是没有误了那辆火车，现在我们正在家里吃晚饭。
　　If we had listen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果我们当初听医生的话，你身体现在就好了。
　　If I had spok ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。
　　相关试题解析：
　　If he had listened to me, he______be in such trouble now. (高考题)
　　A. shouldn B. would not C. had not D. would haven't　　
　　【选B】这是一个错综条件句。从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句表示和现在事实相反。
(2) 含蓄条件句
　　在不少情况下，有些句子中没有任 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但意思却和虚拟句差不多，它们要么是省略了表示语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中，这就是含蓄虚拟句。如：
　　But for his pension ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), he would starve. (=Were it not for his pension...) 要不是有养老金，他就要饿死了。
　　Without your he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lp, I couldn't have achieved all this. (=Had it not been for your help...) 要不是你的帮助，我不会取得这些成就。
　　I'd hate t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o lose this pen. (=If I should lose this pen...) 我会舍不得失去这支笔的。
　　注意：
　　“Were it not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for...如果不是……”“Had it not been for...如果当时要不是……”这两个句式几乎成了固定的了。注意“Were it not”和“Had it not”不能写成“Weren't it...”或“Hadn't it...”，因为句首不能用助动词的缩略否定式。如：
　　Were it not for the expense, I would travel by air. (正)
　　Weren't it for the expense, I would travel by air. (误)
　　如果不是考虑花销，我就乘飞机去旅行。
　　Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way. (正)
　　Hadn't it not been for you, I would have lost my way. (误)
　　当时要不是你，我就迷路了。
(3) 虚拟语气用在口语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中，使语气显得比较客气委婉。这时谓语动词由“should / would / could / might+动词原形”构成。如：
　　陈述自己的看法：
　　It would be a shame to stop the work halfway. 半途而废就太遗憾了。
　　I don't think he would be so careless. 我想他或许不至于这样粗心吧。
　　This is something I should advise you not to do. 我看你还是不这样的好。
　　提出请求或邀请：
　　Would you mind turning the light on 劳驾把灯打开。
　　Could you come a little earlier next time 下次你稍微早点来好吗？
　　Might I have your fountain pen for a minute 你的自来水笔我用一下行吗？
　　提出建议或劝告：
　　You had better leave the matter to me. 你最好把这事交给我。
　　Perhaps you could get better results this way. 这样做效果或许会好一点。
　　It wouldn't be a ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d idea for us to hold two separate discussions for the two problems. 这两个问题分两次讨论倒不错。
　　提出问题：
　　What would you advise me to do 你看我怎么办好呢？
　　Which seat might I take 哪个位子我能坐？
　　Could you leave your telephone number with us 你能把电话号码留下吗？
C. 虚拟语气在从句中的用法
1. 用于主语从句中
(1) 在“It is import ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ant / strange / natural / necessary that...”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要、奇怪、自然、必要”等意义。如：
　　It is important ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that we(should) understand the meaning of these sentences. 我们弄懂这些句子的意思是很重要的。
　　It is necessary tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the government (should) take some measures immediately. 政府有必要马上采取措施。
　　It is necessary that he (should) go there at once. 他有必要现在就去那儿。
　　相关试题解析：
1. It's necessary that some measures______to stop pollution. (高考题)
　　A. be taken 　　B. are taken C. should take　　 D. must be taken　　
　　【选A】本题考查虚拟语气在主语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的运用。常见句型为：It's necessary / important / strange, etc....that...在that从句中的谓语动词形式为“(should)+动词原形”。
2. It is es ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sential that these application forms_____as early as possible.(四级题)
　　A. must be sent　　B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent
　　【选D】It is essential that...表示“……是重要的”。
(2) 在“It is o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f +importance / necessity...”等表示重要性、必然性的句型中，“of+名词”相当于一个形容词，后面的主语从句也要用虚拟语气。如：
　　It is of g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reat importance that you should study hard. 好好学习对你来说是非常重要的。
　　It is of necessity that we should open L/C duly. 我们按时开立信用证是很必要的。
(3) 主句的谓语为某些动词的被 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动语态，常用在It is / was / desired / suggested / settled / proposed / recommended / requested / decided that...句型中。如：
　　It is suggested that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the question should be discussed at the next meeting. 有人建议在下次会上讨论这个问题。
　　It is vital ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that he should be warned before it is too late. 在还不太晚的时候警告他是非常必要的。
　　It has been de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cided that the sports meet should be postponed till next Friday. 已决定运动会延期到下星期五。
　　相关试题解析：
It is politely reques ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted by the hotel management that radios_____after 11 o'clock at night.
(四级题)
　　A. were not played　　　　 B. not to play　　
　　C. not be played　　　　　　 D. did not play
　　【选C】 译文：这家饭店的管理部门委婉地要求客人在夜间11点以后不要开收音机。
2. 用于宾语从句中
(1) 在动词wish后的宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句中用虚拟结构表示与现在、过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望。从句通常省略连词that，其后不能用should。
对现在情况的虚拟：wish+从句主语+were(或过去式) 。如：
　　I wish I were as young as you. 我希望像你一样年轻。
　　I wish I were still living with my grandmother. 我希望仍和祖母住在一起。
　　相关试题解析：
　　—Are you enjoying your studies here
　　—Yes. very much, I wish I______have to leave so soon.(托福题)
　　A. won't B. don't　　 C. mustn't　　 D. didn't
　　【选D】本题考查wish的用法：对现在情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词用过去式表虚拟。
　　 对过去情况的虚拟：wish+从句主语+had done(过去完成式)。如：
　　I wish I had gone to the party last night. 但愿我昨晚参加了聚会。
　　I wish I hadn't lost the chance. 我要是没有失去那个机会就好了。
　　I wish that I had never met him. 我希望从来没有见过他。
　　相关试题解析：
1. I wish I______you yesterday.(高考题)
　　A. saw B. did see C. had seen D. were to see　　
　　【选C】本题是对wish引 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导的宾语从句中虚拟语气的考查。wish后面接宾语从句，如果表示一种不大可能实现的愿望，谓语动词用虚拟语气；从句表示与过去时间背景下的客观事实相违背的假设，谓语动词用过去完成时。
2. He didn't go to the party, but he does wish he_____there. (四级题)
　　A. had been　　　　　　 B. has been　　
　　C. would have been　　　　 D. would be
　　【选A】wish引导的宾语从句对过去情况的虚拟：wish+从句主语+had done(过去完成式)。
　　 对将来的主观愿望：wish +从句主语 +would / could / might +动词原形。如：
　　I wish you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would come to the hospital as soon as possible. 我希望你尽快到医院来。
　　I wish he might go with us to the theatre. 我希望他可以和我们一起去看戏。
　　Tom wish you would wait a little longer. 汤姆希望你再等一会儿。
　　相关试题解析：
　　—Can you come to attend our party tonight
　　—Sorry, but I do wish I______.(高考题)
　　A. had B. can C. will D. could　　　　
　　【选D】wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望，故应用would / could+动词原形。
(2) 在suggest(建议)， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )demand，propose，insist(坚持)，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。should可以省略。其句型为：主语+sug-gest / demand / order / propose / command / request / desire + that 从句主语+(should)+动词原形。如：
　　Her mother insisted that she (should) stay at home. 她母亲坚持让她待在家里。
　　I suggest th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at we (should) discuss this question next time. 我建议我们下次讨论这个问题。
　　The court required that he (should) pay the fine. 法院下令他交付罚款。
　　The pirate chief ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) commanded that the prisoners (should) be shot. 海盗首领下令将俘虏枪杀。
　　注意：
　　suggest，insis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t不表示建议、要求时，它们后面的从句中的动词不用虚拟语气。即suggest为“表明”、insist为“坚持”时，从句中的动词不用虚拟语气。如：
　　Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的脸色表明她生气了。
　　I insisted that my answer was right. 我坚持认为我的答案是对的。
　　相关试题解析：
　　The guard at the gate insisted that everybody_____the rules.(高考题)
　　A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey　　
　　【选B】insist之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，should可以省略。
3. 用于状语从句中
(1) 在even if / e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ven though 引导的让步状语从句中的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如：www.21-cn-jy.com
　　Even if he were r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight, he should know others' opinion. 即便他是对的，他也应该知道别人的意见。
　　Nothing co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld have saved him even if he had been tended without delay. 没有什么可以救他，即使他治疗时没有被延误。
　　相关试题解析：
　　Even if I had known her address, I_____time to write to her. (四级题)
　　A. can not have had　　　　 B. will not have had
　　C. might not have had　　　　 D. must not have had
　　【选C】译文：我就是知道了她的地址，也不会有时间给她写信。
(2) 由as if 或a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s though引导的状语从句表示比较、方式时，有时也用虚拟语气，表明与现实相反的情况。谓语动词用过去式(be用 were)或“had +过去分词”。如：
　　Quentin ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lked as if he had taken part in that battle. 昆廷谈起来好像曾参加过那次战斗。
　　Paul took to French ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as though it had been his native language. 保罗觉得法语就像母语一样容易学。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　注意：
　　在feel，look， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seem，sound等词之后，as if / as though 引导的从句有时也常用陈述语气，这时表示所谈之事可能性很大。如：
　　It looks as if / as though it's going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
　　相关试题解析：
1. He talked as if he_____for years.(高考题)
　　A. is living there B. was living there　　
　　C. has lived there D. had lived there　　　　
　　【选D】as if引导的状语从句，往往表示虚拟比较(或方式)。
2. It seemed as if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) all of a sudden the animal_____(smell)danger in the air.(考研题)
　　【填had smelt】译文：这个动物好像突然嗅出即将发生的危险。
(3) 在in or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )der that或so that等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“ could / might / should+动词原形 ”。如：
　　The teacher spoke s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lowly so that his students could / might hear clearly. 老师讲得慢为的是让学生听清楚。
　　Larry shout ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed at the top of his voice, in order that he might be heard. 拉里提高嗓门叫，以便别人能听到他讲话。
　　Kenneth piped so that we could dance. 肯尼斯吹笛子伴奏好让我们跳舞。
(4) 在in case，for fear (that)，lest等引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”。如：
　　Julie looked over he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r paper carefully in case / for fear that / lest she (should) miss any mistakes. 朱莉仔细地检查试卷，以免漏掉错题。
　　Be careful lest you should fall from the tree. 小心，不要从树上掉下来。
　　Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain. 带把伞吧，以防下雨。
　　注意：
　　in case引导的从句中还常用陈述语气 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )， for fear (that) 引导的从句谓语还可以用情态动词 may，might或would。
　　相关试题解析：
While crossing the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they______by wild animals.
(四级题)
　　A. should be attacked　　　　 B. had been attacked　　
　　C. must be attacked　　 　　 D. would be attacked
【选A】译文：在穿行山区的时候，所有的人都拿着枪，唯恐遭到野兽的袭击。
(5) 在“be+形容词”后的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或动词原形。如：
　　I'm surprised that he should feel lonely. 我很惊讶他竟感到孤单。
　　John was amaz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed that they should express indignation at it. 约翰感到很惊讶他们竟对此表示愤怒。
4. 用于表语从句和同位语从句中
主句主语为suggestion， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )motion，requirement，proposal，order，recommendation，plan，idea等名词时，其后的表语从句和同位语从句要使用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用“(should) do”结构。如：　　
My suggestion is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that we (should) ask our teachers for help. 我的建议是我们应该向老师请求帮助。
　　What do yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u think about his proposal that we (should) hold a party tomorrow 他建议明天开一个晚会，你觉得怎么样？
　　My idea is that we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (should) challenge the other groups to a friendly competition. 我的意见是向别的组挑战，来一个友谊竞赛。
　　相关试题解析：
1. His suggestion that you______once more sounds reasonable.(高考题)
　　A. try　　　　 B. tried　　　　 C. must try　　　　 D. can try　　
　　【选A】名词suggestion之后的从句为同位语从句，从句中应使用“should+动词原形”结构，其中should可以省略。 21教育网
2. One of the requi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rements for a fire is that the material______to its burning temperature.
(六级题)
　　A. is heated　　　　　　 B. will be heated　　
　　C. be heated　　　　　　 D. would be heated
【选C】译文：着火的必要条件之一是材料被加热到其燃烧的温度。
D. 虚拟语气的其他用法
(1) 用于一些表示祝愿的话语中。如：　　
　　God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！
　　Long Live the Republic! 共和国万岁！
　　So be it then! 那就那样吧！
　　May the friendship between us last forever. 愿我们友谊永存。
(2) 在“It is time ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that)...”句型中，定语从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式用过去式或“should +动词原形”，意思是“该干某事的时候了”。如：
　　It's time we went / (should) go to school. 我们该上学了。
　　I think it's time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。
　　It's time we ordered dinner. 现在该叫菜了。
　　相关试题解析：
1. Hurry! It's high time______sports.(高考题)
　　A. we must have B. we have　　
　　C. we had　　　　 D. we'll have
　　【选C】在It's(hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh，about)time that...句型中，that从句中的谓语动词形式用“动词的过去式”或“ should+动词原形”表示。
2. If I wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e in a movie, then it would be about time that I______my head in my hands for a cry.
(考研题)
　　A. bury　　 B. am burying C. buried　　 D. would bury
　　【选C】译文：假如我是在看电影，那么，差不多到了我抱头大哭的时候了。
(3) 在一些其他句型中的虚拟语气。
　　由that引导的句子。如：
　　That he sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould dare to speak in that tone of voice to me! 他竟然敢用这样的口吻和我说话！
　　Oh, that you would be quiet. 请你们安静点。
　would也用于虚拟结构。如：
　　Would that the end might never come! 但愿这样永远持续下去！
　　Would that I were with her now! 但愿我现在和她在一起！
(4) 用在某些成语中的虚拟语气。如：
　　as it were 姑且这么说
　　Sam is a grown-up baby, as it were. 萨姆可以说是一个大孩子了。
　　Simon was, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s it were, intoxicated by soft air and sunshine of spring. 西蒙可以说是被春天的和风与阳光陶醉了。
　　would think会认为
　　Anyone would think you were in love with the girl. 谁都会认为你是爱上了这个姑娘。
　　Robert woul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d never think of letting his daughter marry a fellow like you. 罗伯特绝不会想到让他的女儿嫁给你这样一个家伙。
　　“would rather / sooner+不带to的不定式” 意为宁愿
　　If she'd a chance, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he'd rather have lived 100 years ago. 如果有机会，她宁愿生活在100年前。
　　I'd much sooner be happy than rich. 我珍惜快乐胜过钱财。
　　相关试题解析：
　　Who would you rather______with you, George or me (四级题)
　　A. going　 B. to go　　　　 C. have gone D. went
　　【选C】译文：你愿意和谁一起去，乔治还是我？
　　 if need be 如果有必要
　　If need be, help him to do it. 如果有必要，帮他去做。
　　I will come if need be. 如有必要我会来。
学以致用
【基础练习】
1. 根据汉语完成下面的句子。
(1) You______(没必要买) this book.
(2) The coat______(被用于) keep warm.
(3) The old man______(过去常坐在那里) for hours.
(4) He______(敢去) there alone.
(5) ______(怎么敢) you do such a thing
2. 用动词的适当形式填空。
(1) The priest (牧师) said to them, “God_____(bless) you!”
(2) Remind me of it in case I_____(forget).
(3) It______(be) better for you not to stay up too late.
(4) We went to the mountain though it_____(rain) hard.
(5) ______you_____(be) kind enough to open the door
3. 按要求变化下面的句子。
(1) He should be sent there at once. (用necessary改为复合句)
(2) The girl di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dn't live with her grandmother. (用She wishes...改写为虚拟语气)
(3) If he should come, tell him to ring me up. (把if从句改为倒装句)
(4) If there w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere no air, there would be no living things. (改为简单句)
(5) left, only, had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), if, not, she (连词成句)
【能力提升】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) If I had wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rked harder at school, I_____in a comfortable office now.
　　A. would sit　　　　　　 B. would have sat　　
　　C. would be sitting　　　　　　 D. were sitting
(2) —If he_____, he_____that food.
　　 —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
　　A. was warned; would not take　　
　　B. had been warned; would not have taken
　　C. would be warned; had not taken
　　D. would have been warned; had not taken
(3) What would have happened_____, as far as the river bank
　　A. Bob had walked farther　　　　 B. if Bob should walk farther
　　C. had Bob walked farther　　　　 D. if Bob walked farther21教育名师原创作品
(4) It would be imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ossible for him to leave hospital tomorrow if he_____first aid when the accident happened.2·1·c·n·j·y
　　A. hadn't been given　　　　 B. wasn't given
　　C. shouldn't be given　　　　 D. wouldn't be given
(5) Without the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night_____, too cold for us to live.
　　A. would be freezing cold　　　　 B. will be freezing coldly
　　C. would be frozen cold　　　　 D. can freeze cold
(6) His failure in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the experiment suggested that he_____his teacher's proper instructions.
　　A. shouldn't have followed　　　　 B. should not follow21*cnjy*com
　　C. mustn't have followed　　　　 D. hadn't followed
(7) —Robin told me that he would leave tonight.
　　 —What a pity! My brother wishes that he_____with him for a chat.
　　A. can stay B. will stay　　 C. had stayed　　 D. would stay
(8) Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_____your advice!
　　A. followed　　 B. would follow　 C. had followed　　 D. should follow
(9) When a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_____.
　　A. breaks　　 B. has broken　　 C. were broken　　 D. had been broken
(10) Recently ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) quite a lot of experts have suggested that another law on wildlife protection_____as soon as possible.
　　A. must be passed　　　　　　 B. be passed　　
　　C. was passed　　　　　　 D. will be passed
(11) They must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have been enjoying themselves there, otherwise they_____so long.
　　A. can't have stayed　　　　 B. wouldn't have stayed
　　C. needn't have stayed　　　　 D. couldn't stay
(12) Thank y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou for giving me a hand. I_____in the experiment without your valuable help.
　　A. have failed　　　　　　 B. will fail　　
　　C. would have failed 　　　　 D. must have failed
(13) _____the war ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ning message, more lives would have been lost in the flood.
　　A. Regardless of B. Instead of　　
　　C. But for　　　　 D. Except for
(14) _____the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome situation.
　　A. Would　 B. Should　　　　 C. Might　　　　 D. Could
(15) —How did you do in the test
　　 —Not so well. I_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____much better but I misread the directions for writing.
　　A. will have done　　　　　　 B. could have done　　
　　C. must have done　　　　　　 D. may have done
2. 根据括号内所给提示，把下列句子翻译成英语。
(1) 假如没有空气，世界上就没有任何有生命的东西。(if)
　　
(2) 如果在中国结婚的话，我就会从亲戚那里得到更多的礼物。(if)
　　
(3) 假使早一个星期收集事实，我们就有更多的时间研究它们了。(if)
　　
(4) 假如你10分钟前进入我们的聊天室，你也就知道我们在谈什么了。(if)
　　
(5) 要是你参加了昨天的会议，你就会见到那位著名的“超女”了。(had句首倒装)
　　
(6) 如果我是你，就不会错过昨晚那场报告。(if)
　　
(7) 警察坚持要看一下那个伤员。(insist)
　　
(8) 我们接到命令说所有的古建筑将在一个月之内被拆除。(order同位语)
　　
(9) 他唯一的要求是死后被葬在他的家乡。(that表语从句)
　　
(10) 他工作起来就像是上个月没有受伤。(as if)
　　
(11) 我们早就该停止污染自己的家乡了！(It's high time that...)
　　
(12) 如今，青少年有必要至少掌握一门外语。(that主语从句)
　　
(13) 没有老师的指导，我不可能取得如此大的进步。(without)
　　
(14) 作为家长，我宁愿孩子们不去看那种演出。(would rather)
　　
(15) 我要是没有丢护照该多好啊！我太粗心大意了。(if only)
　　
参考答案：
【基础练习】
1. (1) needn't h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave bought (2) is used to (3) would sit htere
　　(4) dares to go 　　(5) How dare　　
2. (1) bless (2) (should) forget (3) would be (4) rained (5) Would, be　　
3. (1) It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.21·cn·jy·com
　　(2) She wishes that she were still living with her grandmother.www-2-1-cnjy-com
　　(3) Should he come, tell him to ring me up.
　　(4)Without air, there would be no living things.2-1-c-n-j-y
　　(5) If only she had not left!
【能力提升】
1. (1) C (2) B (3) C (4) A (5) A (6) D (7) D (8) C (9) C (10) B　(11) B (12) C (13) C (14) B (15) B 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2. (1) If t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here were no air, there would be no living things in the world.【版权所有：21教育】
　　(2) If I g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot married in China, I would receive more presents from my relatives.
　 (3) If facts had b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them.
　　(4) If you had joi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about.21世纪教育网版权所有
　　(5) Had you a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ttended yesterday's meeting, you would have seen the famous Super Girl.
　　(6) If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the report last night.21*cnjy*com
　　(7) The policeman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) insisted that he should have a look at the injured.
　　(8) We receive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the order that all the ancient buildings (should) be pulled down within a month.
　　(9) His onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y request is that he be buried in his hometown after his death.
　　(10) He is working as if he hadn't been injured last month.
　　(11) It's high time that we stopped polluting our own hometown.
　　(12) Nowadays, it' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s necessary that young people should master at least one foreign language.
　　(13) Without the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teacher's instruction, I couldn't have made so great progress.
　　(14) Without the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) teacher's instruction, I couldn't have made so great progress.
　　(15) If only I hadn't lost my passport! I was so careless.
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