高中英语语法之17·主语　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·主语
目 录
话说主语
A it作主语
人称代词 it
非人称代词it
强调句型it
先行词it
it的其他用法
B 主语从句
that引导的主语从句
连接词引导的主语从句
关系代词型what引导的主语从句
C there be句型
there+系动词be
there+复合谓语
there +不及物动词
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 17 主 语
话说主语
　　主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语通常位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语则位于谓语、助动词或情态动词之后。21*cnjy*com
　　主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和从句等构成。
　　构成成分/例证
　　名词
　　Our plane is taking off in ten minutes. 我们的飞机10分钟后起飞。
　　Kunming is a beautiful city. 昆明是座美丽的城市。
　　代词
　　Who is speaking, please 请问你是哪位？
　　Both were offered jobs immediately. 两人都很快找到了工作。
　　数词
　　One-tenth of the population are elderly people. 十分之一的人口是老年人。
　　Two will be enough. 两个就够了。
　　动名词
　　Singing is one of my interests. 唱歌是我的兴趣之一。
　　There's no denying the fact. 这个事实不容否认。
　　不定式
　　To act like that is childish. 这样做是幼稚的。
　　It's better to be on the safe side. 保险行事总是好一些。
　　从句
　　What he said is quite interesting. 他讲的话很有趣。
　　Whether it is a good plan remains to be seen. 这个计划是不是好还需要看一看。
　　名词化的其他词类
　　“A”is an article. A是冠词。
　　The unemployed lead a hard life. 失业的人过着艰难的生活。
　　注意：
　　在口语中，还可用副词、介词短语等作主语，但通常可视为是在一定的上下文中有所省略。如：
　　Slowly is exactly how he speaks. 他说话总是慢吞吞的。(副词) www.21-cn-jy.com
　　After the exams is the time to relax. 考完试是放松的时间。(介词短语)
A . it作主语
1. 人称代词it
(1) it作人称代词代替刚提到的事物，以避免重复。如：
　　Beijing is a beautiful city, isn't it 北京是一座美丽的城市，是吧？
　　When did the lett ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er come It came this afternoon. 这封信什么时候送来的？今天下午送来的。21·世纪*教育网
　　“Where is your cat ”“It's in the room.” “你的猫在哪里？”“在房间里。”
　　相关试题解析：
1. —______will make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday, I guess.
—It sounds a good idea!She has some problems walking now.(中考题)
　　A. That　　　 B. It 　　　　 C. This　　　　 D.What
　　【选B】译文：——我想，如果你在你祖母生日时给她买一个拐杖，她会很高兴的。
　　　　 ——这是个好主意，她现在行走不太方便。
2. In order for i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nformation to be easily communicated,______must be organized in an understandable way. (托福题)21*cnjy*com
　　A. there　 B. and　　 C. it　　　　 D. how
　　【选C】译文：为了使信息易于交流，必须将它以可理解的方式进行编排。
(2) 指未知性别的婴儿或孩子。如：
　　Her baby is due ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) next month, she hopes it will be a girl. 她的孩子下个月出生，她希望是个女儿。
(3) 用于指抽象的事物。如：
　　It was a great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) surprise to me when Bob did a thing like that. 鲍伯这样做使我很吃惊。
　　Luke's never com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to see his son. It's most peculiar, isn't it 卢克从不来看他儿子，这很奇怪，是吧？
　　The strike went on for a month before it was settled. 罢工持续了一个月才解决。
　　相关试题解析：
The doctor advised ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but______didn't help.
(高考题)
　　A. it　　　 B. she　　　 C. which　　　 D. he
　　【选A】根据句意，空白处意思应为“医生的建议”，故排除B、D选项。如去掉but，则C为正确选项。
2. 非人称代词it
　　it有时泛指天气、时间、环境等，这时称它为非人称代词。如：
(1) 指天气
　　It was pouring with rain. 那时下着倾盆大雨。
　　It snowed steadily throughout the night. 雪不停地下了一夜。21cnjy.com
　　It was a warm sunny weekend. 这是一个温暖的、阳光灿烂的周末。
(2) 指时间
　　It's Sunday. Nobody is in. 这是星期天，没人在家。
　　It was nearly midnight when she came back. 她回来时快到午夜了。
　　It's two months since I saw you last. 自从我上次见到你已经有两个月了。
　　相关试题解析：
______four years since John left school. (考研题)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　A. They have been　　　　 B. It is　　
　　C. It was　　　　　　　　 D. Those are
　　【选B】考查it的用法，在这里it指代时间。
(3) 指环境
　　It's beautiful in the garden tonight. 今晚花园里很美。
　　It was very quiet in the cafe. 咖啡店里很安静。
　　They're sure to see you. It's bright moonlight. 月亮这么亮，他们一定会看到你。
(4) 指距离
　　It's about a night ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s journey to that small town by train. 坐火车到那个小镇约需一个晚上。
　　It's only twenty minutes' drive to our college. 开车到我们大学只需20分钟。
　　How far is it from your home to the post office 从你家到邮局有多远？
3. 强调句型it
　　强调句型的句子结构为：
　　It+系动词be+强调部分+who(m) / that+其他部分
(1) it可用来对句子的某一成分加以强调。如：
　　[强调宾语your sister]
　　It's your sist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er whom Jack met in the park yesterday. 昨天在公园里杰克碰见的是你妹妹。
　　[强调状语in the park]
　　It's in the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ark that Jack met your sister yesterday. 昨天杰克碰见你妹妹是在公园里。
　　[强调主语Jack]
　　It's Jack w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ho met your sister in the park yesterday. 昨天在公园里碰见你妹妹的是杰克。
　　[强调时间状语yesterday]
　　It was yesterday tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Jack met your sister in the park. 就是昨天杰克在公园里碰见了你妹妹。2-1-c-n-j-y
　　相关试题解析：
1. It was not until 1920_____regular radio broadcasts began.(中考题)【版权所有：21教育】
　　A. while B. which C. that D. since
　　【选C】译文：正常的广播节目一直到了1920年才开始。
2. It was_____back home after the experiment.(高考题)
　　A. not until midnig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht did he go　　 B. until midnight that he didn't go
　　C. not until mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn't go
　　【选C】本题考查强调句型。题干 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可还原为“He didn't go back home after the experiment until midnight.”，在对until引导的状语进行强调时，须将not置于被强调的部分之中，构成“It was not until...that”固定结构。虽然“Not until midnight did he go back home after the experiment.”用倒装形式，但是强调句型中不用倒装形式。
(2) 当被强调部分是主语时，可用who / that引导后面的句子。如：
　　It was Bill who found the answer. 是比尔找出答案的。
　　Was it you who broke the window 窗户是你打破的吗？
　　Who was it that called the meeting 这会议谁召集开的？
　　但如果主语不是人而是物，则要用that。如：
　　But here it's my word that counts. 但这里我说了算。
(3) 在强调宾语或介词宾语时，关系代词用whom或that指人；用that指物。如：
　　It was the President that Jean shot yesterday. 昨天吉恩枪杀的是总统。
　　It's me that he blamed. 他责怪的是我。
　　It was a key that I found in his pocket. 我在他口袋里找到的是一把钥匙。
　　It's money that they wanted. 他们要的是钱。
(4) 在强调状语时，多用that来引导后面的句子。如：
　　It was through me that Arthur lost his place. 是因为我亚瑟才丢掉他的职位的。
　　It was from Betty that Jim first heard the news. 这消息吉姆最早是从贝蒂那里听到的。
(5) 在口语中，who，that这类关系代词可以省略。如：
　　It was Pember dro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve Miss Sophia yesterday, wasn't it 昨天是彭伯给索菲娅小姐开的车，对吧？www-2-1-cnjy-com
　　Was it in 1990 this happened 这事是1990年发生的吗？
(6) 有些否定句也可改成强调结构。如：
　　I didn't see my mother again until last year.
　　It wasn't until last year that I saw my mother again.
　　直到去年，我才再次见到我母亲。
　　I did not h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave an opportunity of seeing them again for several years.
　　It was not for s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everal years that I had an opportunity of seeing them.
　　我好几年都没有机会见到他们。
　　先行词it
(1) it作先行词，充当形式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语，而把句子真正的主语移到后面去，以免句子显得头重脚轻，这种主语称为先行主语。可移到后面去的主语最常见的是不定式。如：
　　It's pleasant to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lie on the beach. / To lie on the beach is pleasant. 躺在海滩上是很高兴的事。21教育网
　　It's against the law to do that. 这样做是违法的。
　　It gave me great pleasure to watch them. 观看它们使我很高兴。
　　充当真正主语的不定式有时可用完成式或进行式。如：
　　[进行式]
　　It felt pleasant to be going to work. 工作令人愉快。
　　[完成式]
　　It would have be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en amusing to have taken part in these activities. 参加这些活动是很有趣的。
　　“for / of引起的短语+不定式”充当句子逻辑上的主语。如：
　　What time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would it be most convenient for me to call again 我什么时候再来拜访最方便？
　　It's very good of you to have listened to me. 你听了我的话真是太好了。
　　相关试题解析：
1. In fact_____is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.(高考题)
　　A. this　 B. that　 C. there D. it
　　【选D】此题的结构为It+be+n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )./adj.+for sb. to do sth.，其中it作句子的形式主语，而真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。
2. They are te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )achers and don't realize______to start and run a company.(四级题)
　　A. what it takes　　　　　　 B. what takes it
　　C. what they take　　　　　　 D. what takes them
　　【选A】译文：他们是教师，没有意识到开办和经营一个公司需要什么花费。
(2) it可表示that引导的从句，也可表示由其他连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。如：
　　It was clear that they had no desire for peace. 很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。
　　It's not yet settled whether I am going to America. 我去不去美国还没定。
　　It is a mystery to me how it all happened. 这都是怎么发生的对我来说是个谜。
　　相关试题解析：
　　_____is incon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceivable that the boy might have stolen the money and fled. (考研题)
　　A. He　　 B. This　　　　 C. There　　　　 D. It　　
　　【选D】译文：难以相信这个男孩会偷了钱逃跑。
(3) it作形式宾语，代替不定式短语。如：
　　We think it necessa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry to combine theory with practice. 我们认为把理论和实践结合起来是必要的。
　　Buses make it easy to get to the place. 公共汽车使人们到达这个地方很方便。
　　I found it very interesting to study English. 我觉得学习英语很有意思。
　　相关试题解析：
1. My mother finds_____great fun to learn to drive a car.(中考题)
A. it 　　B. this　　 　　 C. the　　 　　 D. what
　　【选A】译文：我母亲发现学开车挺有趣的。
2. Using many sy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mbols makes_____to put a large amount of information on a single map.
(托福题)
　　A. possible　　 B. it is possible　　 C. it possible　　 D. that possible
　　【选C】译文：通过利用众多的符号，人们得以将大量信息放到同一张地图上。
(4) it作形式宾语，代替动名词短语。如：
　　I think it no use telling them. 我认为告诉他们没用。
　　He feels it no harm having a smoke occasionally. 他认为偶尔抽支烟无害。
　　I consider it foolish meeting him. 我认为去见他是愚蠢的。
(5) it作形式宾语，代替that引导的宾语从句。如：
　　They want to mak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job. 他们要向公众表明，他们在做一件必须做的重要工作。
　　I think it ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y important that we should learn English pronunciation well. 我认为学好英语的发音很重要。
　　相关试题解析：
　　He is late a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gain. I'll______that he will not be late tomorrow. (四级题)
　　A. be sure　　B. hope for　　 C. see to it　　 D. make it so
　　【选C】译文：他又迟到了。我得注意让他明天不要迟到。
5. it的其他用法
(1) 用于表示谁在做某事的句子中。如：
　　Mother's face lighted when she saw who it was. 看到是谁时妈妈的脸顿时开朗起来。
　　Nothing has happe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned. It's only the wind shaking the house. 没事，只是风吹得房子震动。
　　Hello, Tom, it's Mike here. 喂，汤姆，我是迈克。
(2) 用于泛指某些事。如：
　　So you are going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be married this time When is it 这样说这次你要结婚了？什么时候呀？ 【出处：21教育名师】
　　It's getting very competitive in the car industry. 汽车业的竞争越来越激烈了。
　　It's no use. 没有用。
B. 主语从句
1. that引导的主语从句
　　常见的结构有：
(1) be+形容词+从句。如：
　　It's strange that it hasn't been noticed before. 很奇怪，以前没人注意到这一点。
　　How is it possible that a man can fall so low 一个人怎么可能堕落到这种地步？
　　From the photogr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aphs it seems clear (that) she was no beauty. 从这些相片上看，显然她不是一个美人。
　　相关试题解析：
　　______quite ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )common for people to believe that more and more teenagers have become addicted to online games.(高考题)
　　A. As is　 B. That is　 C. It is　 D. What is
　　【选C】It is+adj.+for sb.+to do...为固定句式。it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是that后面的从句。
(2) be+名词+从句。如：
　　It's a shame (that) David didn't come. 很遗憾大卫没来。　　
　　It was a fearful di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sappointment to us that you didn't come to the party. 你没来参加晚会使我们非常失望。
　　It's a pity (that) Frank didn't finish college. 真遗憾弗兰克大学没毕业。
(3) 动词+宾语或状语+从句。如：
　　It struck me that nobody was in favour of the plan. 我突然感到没有人赞成这种计划。
　　It suddenly occur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red to him that this was an act he could never do. 他突然想到这是他绝不能做的一件事。
(4) 动词的被动语态+从句。如：
　　It was agr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eed that the transaction should be kept secret. 双方同意这项交易应当保密。
　　It is said that there has been an earthquake in Japan. 据说日本发生了地震。
　　It was reported ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that they had brought down two enemy planes. 据报道他们击落了两架敌机。
2. 连接词引导的主语从句
(1) 由连接代词、连接副词或that引导的主语从句。如：
　　Who is to head th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e delegation hasn't been made public. 谁来领导这个代表团还没有公布。
　　How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。
　　Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里度过夏季不关你的事。
　　相关试题解析：
　　_____is the cent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages. (六级题)
　　A. It is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sun and not the earth B. Being the sun and not the earth
　　C. The sun and not the earth　　 D. That the sun and not the earth
　　【选D】译文：我们所在的行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球，这在中世纪是一个难以理解的观念。
　　注意：
　　这类句子也可改用先行词it作主语，而把主语从句放到后面去。如：
　　It hasn't been made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )public who's to head the delegation. 谁来领导这个代表团还没有公布。
　　It is still a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )question how many people we are to invite. 邀请多少人还是一个问题。
(2) 由whether引导的主语从句常放在后面，多用it作形式主语。如：
　　It was uncertain whether Jason could come or not. 詹森是否会来还不肯定。
　　It makes little difference whether we go or stay. 我们去还是留没有多大差别。
　　It is being consider ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed whether Caroline should be promoted. 正在考虑卡罗琳是否应当被提升。
3. 关系代词型what引导的从句
(1) 关系代词what引导的从句中，what是the thing which的意思，表示一样东西或一件事物。如：
　　What he said at t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he meeting is important.=The thing which he said at the meeting is important. 他在会上所说的事情是重要的。(what在从句中作宾语，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，不能用疑问句语序。)
　　What I want to know is this. 我想知道的是这一点。
　　相关试题解析：
1. _____man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.(高考题)
　　A. Which B. How C. What D. That
　　【选C】句子的谓语动词为is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，radiation from the sun作is的表语，则is前面的部分作主语，此处为主语从句，what在主语从句(what man must fear)中作fear的宾语。
2. He claims to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e an expert in astronomy，but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject._____he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate. (考研题)
　　A. What little B. So much　　 C. How much　　 D. So little
　　【选A】译文：他声称自己是一名天文学专家，但实际上他对这门学科一无所知。他所了解的那一点点东西已经过时了，也不准确。
(2) whatever，whoever和whichever也可引导主语从句。如：
　　Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都供你使用。
　　Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。
　　Whichever of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you comes in first will receive a prize. 不管你们谁第一个来都可得到一份奖品。
　　相关试题解析：
　　_____team wins o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Saturday will go through to the national champi-onships.(高考题)
　　A. No matter what　　 　　　 B. Whatever　
　　C. No matter which　　 　 D. Whichever
　　【选D】whiche ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver是which的强调形式，意为“任何……的东西”，表示泛指，在从句中作定语，此外，whichever也可引导状语从句，意为“无论哪一个……”。no matter which只相当于whichever的一种用法。whatever是what的强调形式，意为“无论什么”，无范围限制，在从句中作主语或宾语，故不能选用。
C. there be句型
there be引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的是一种特殊的句子，there占据着主语的位置，是无词义的引导词，而真正的主语放在动词后面。There be句型的谓语动词与真正的主语要保持一致。
　　如果主语由两个或更多个成分组成时，动词通常和最近的一个保持一致，即就近一致原则。如：
　　There was a sofa and two armchairs. 有一张长沙发，两把扶手椅。
　　There are two boys and a girl in the room. 房间里有两个男孩和一个女孩。
　　有时谓语动词也与两个主语保持一致。如：
　　There were one or two people there. 那儿有一两个人。
　　主语前有a number of，a lot of，a few等量词修饰时，动词仍和主语保持一致。如：
　　There were a number of swans on the lake. 湖上有好多天鹅。
　　There are a lot of doves on the square. 广场上有很多鸽子。
　　There be句型的常见结构有：
1. there+系动词be
(1) there引导的句子大部分以be作谓语动词。如：
　　Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
　　Is there any mail / Are there any letters for me 有我的信吗？　　2·1·c·n·j·y
　　At noon there was still no news. 到中午时仍然没有消息。
　　There were strong winds last night. 昨晚刮大风了。
　　相关试题解析：
　　______no rain for a long time, for the ground was very dry. (高考题)
　　A. There having been　　 　　 B. There has been、
　　C. There had been　　　　 D. There was
【选C】由for引导的原因状语从句和was可知，主句应用there be结构的过去完成时态。
(2) “there+动词be”可以表示发生了什么事。如：
　　There will be bloodshed tonight. 今晚会有流血事件发生。
　　Then there would be a plebiscite. 然后将举行公民投票。
　　Has there been an accident 出事了吗？
　　I hope there will be a change in the weather. 我希望天气会变一变。
(3) 有时在句子的主语之后可跟修饰语。如：
　　There were a gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oup of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里劳动。
　　There was monsoon raging outside. 外面刮着猛烈的季候风。
　　There was a railway ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stretching between the two cities. 在这两座城市间有一条铁路。
2. there+复合谓语
(1) “情态动词或助动词+be”构成there be结构的复合谓语。如：
　　There may be another demonstration tonight. 今晚可能又有一次示威游行。
　　There might still be hope. 可能还有希望。
　　There ought to be a comma here. 这儿应有一个逗号。
　　There shouldn't be any doubt about it. 对此不应有什么怀疑。
　　相关试题解析：
　　Ten years ago,______500 children at the school. Now______over a thousand.(中考题)
　　A. there must be; there are　　 B. there were; there must have been
　　C. there might have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been; there are　　 D. there couldn't be; there are
　　【选C】译文：10年前这所学校可能只有500名孩子。现在有1000多名。
(2) 由be和不定式构成的复合谓语。如：
　　There's to be a concert in the park tonight. 今晚公园里有一场音乐会。
　　Uncle Jesse, w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hy do there have to be poor people like those 杰西叔叔，为什么有他们那样的穷人？
　　There are un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )likely to be any problems with the timetable. 在时间表方面不可能有什么问题。
3. there+不及物动词
(1) there后也可接其他动词，通常为不及物动词。如：
　　Once upon a t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime, there lived a man by the name of Joe Beef. 从前有一个叫乔·比夫的人。
　　There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。
　　There followe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d a flood of indignation in the newspaper. 之后报上是一阵愤怒的声音。
(2) “there+不及物动词”中的状语可置于句子之前或插在主谓之间。如：
　　Beside them there curls up a twist of blue smoke. 在它们旁边升起一缕青烟。
　　In recent years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) there has been produced more food than the country needs. 最近几年生产的粮食超过了国家需要。 21教育名师原创作品
　　There sprang from th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e audience a cry of indignation. 从观众中发出一阵愤怒的吼叫声。
　　注意：
　　“There is / was no +动名词”表示“没法……”。如：
　　There was no knowing how long Neil might be away. 没法知道尼尔会离开多久。
　　There was no telling when Janet would be back. 没法知道珍妮特什么时候回来。
学以致用
【基础练习】
1. 用it be或there be 结构的适当形式填空。
(1)The trip took a long time.______a lot of traffic.
(2)How far______from Rome to London
(3)I failed to see anything.______very dark.
(4)“______a pos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t office near here ” “Yes，______a big one in King Street.”
(5)When we got to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the cinema，______a queue outside.______a very long queue， so we decided not to wait.
(6)______Kate's birthday last Sunday. We had a big party.
(7)______anything interesting on TV. So I turned it off.
(8)______an accident in Hill Street but______very serious.
(9)______four months since I last went to the theatre.
(10) I know where ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the hospital is.______just near the Fishing Village.
2. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1)There happened______no people in the hall.
　　A. is　　 B. was　 C. be　　　　 D. to be
(2)There______lots of students there.
　　A. seemed　 B. seemed to be　　 C. be　　　　 D. lives
(3)There______a few great changes since you left.
　　A. have been　 B. been　　　　 C. are　　　　 D. can be
(4)There______any rain for three months.
　　A. haven been B. haven't been　　 C. has been not　　D. hasn't been
(5) —Can there be anything wrong with the machine
　　 —Yes,______.
　　A. there is　 B. there are　　 C. there can be　　D. there can
3. 用it改写下列句子。
(1)To learn Chinese is difficult for a foreigner. 21·cn·jy·com
(2)Talking to him is no use.
　　
(3)To spend a day on the beach is really great fun.21世纪教育网版权所有
　　
(4)The railway station is only three miles from the airport.
　　
(5)For one to learn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a foreign language in three months' time seems impossible.
　　
【能力提升】
选择最佳答案填空。
(1)Does______matter if he can't finish the job on time
　　A. this 　　 B. that 　　　 C. he 　　　　 D. it
(2)It worried her a bit______her hair was turning grey.
　　A. which 　 B. that 　　　　 C. if 　　　　 D. for
(3)______is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
　　A. There 　　B. This 　　　　 C. That 　　　　 D. It
(4)______what they told me really true
　　A. Has 　　　B. Is 　　　　 C. Does 　　　　 D. Have
(5)It matte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs little______a man dies, but______matters much is______he lives.
　　A. how; what; how 　　　　 B. how; it; how 　　
　　C. why; it; why 　　　　　　 D. that; what; that
(6)______she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )couldn't understand was______fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
　　A. What; why 　　　　　　 B. That; what
　　C. What; because 　　　　　　 D. Why; that
(7)It is pretty w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ell understood______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
　　A. that 　 B. when 　　　　 C. what 　　　　 D. how
(8)______fashion d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iffers from country to country may reflect the cultural differ-ences from one aspect.
　　A. What 　　 B. That 　　　　 C. This 　　　　 D. Which
(9) —What made her parents so angry
　　 —______she had failed in the examination.
　　A. As 　　　B. Because 　　 C. Since 　　　　 D. That
(10)______we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
　　A. If 　　　B. Whether 　　 C. That 　　　　 D. Where
参考答案：
【基础训练】
1. (1)There was　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(2)is it　(3)It was　(4)Is there; there is　(5)there was; It was 　(6)It was　(7)There wasn't (8)There was; it wasn't　　(9)It is 　　(10)It is
2. (1)D　　(2)B　　(3)A　　(4)D　　(5)C
3. (1)It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
　　(2)It is no use talking to him.
　　(3)It is really great fun to spend a day on the beach.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
　　(4)It is only three miles from the airport to the railway station.
　　(5)It seem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s impossible for one to learn a foreign language in three months' time.
【能力提升】
　　(1)D (2)B (3)D (4)B (5)A (6)A (7)C (8)B (9)D (10)B　
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