高中英语语法之19·表语　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·表语
目 录
话说副词
A 副词的作用
作状语
作表语
副词的其他用法
B 副词的位置
一般副词的位置
频度副词的位置
其他副词的位置
C 副词的比较级和最高级
构成
副词比较级的用法
副词最高级的用法
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 19 表 语
话说表语
　　表语用来说明或表述主语的身份、特征和状态，它的位置在连系动词之后。表语可以由名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、不定式等成分表示。2·1·c·n·j·y
　　构成成分/例证
　　名词
　　What nationality is this man 这人是哪国人？
　　Now Anne looked a grown-up young woman. 安妮现在看起来已是一个成熟的女青年了。
　　代词
　　Seventy-four !You don't look it. 74啦！你看起来可不像。
　　Oh, that's nothing. 啊，这没事。
　　形容词
　　The children mustn't go hungry. 孩子们不能挨饿。
　　Emily looked nervous and apologetic. 艾米丽看起来很紧张且满怀歉意。
　　分词
　　The year's sales figures are quite encouraging. 今年的销售数字很鼓舞人心。
　　Where is George Washington buried 乔治·华盛顿葬在哪里？
　　数名词
　　Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是画画。
　　Frank's first job had been selling computers. 弗兰克的第一份工作是出售计算机。
　　不定式
　　George's plan was to go from Egypt to England. 乔治的计划是从埃及走到英国。
　　All you have to do is to listen. 你只需要听。
　　副词
　　She'll be along in a minute. 她一会儿就来了。
　　介词短语
The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
要知布丁味，就得亲口尝；事物的好坏须经实际检验。
　　词组
　　They are twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。
　　That would be a great weight off my mind. 这将了却我的一桩心事。　　
　　从句
　　This is where our basic interest lies. 这是我们的根本利益所在。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　Sophia's idea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was that they should lock up the house. 索菲娅的想法是他们应把房子锁起来。21·世纪*教育网
A. 形容词作表语
(1) 所有的系动词后都可跟形容词作表语，而有些系动词后可以跟很多形容词作表语。如：　
　　feel well / un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )comfortable / sick / bad / cross / shy / weak / fine / ill /proud / glad / fit etc. look pretty / nice / tired / nervous / strong / fit / healthy / well / young / good / fat / awful / kind / worried etc.www-2-1-cnjy-com
　　get well / dark / wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rm / light / late / fat / deaf / old / wet / better / sick / hot / angry / tired / ready etc.21*cnjy*com
　　grow cold / hot / ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lm / big / old / thin / bright / angry / rich / restless / worse / tall / weak / fat / dark / violent / louder / fierce / serious etc.【版权所有：21教育】
(2) 有些系动词后只能跟少数形容词作表语。如：
　　turn pale / red / pink / grey / green / sour / cold etc.
　　fall asleep / sick / silent / ill / flat /short etc.
　　go white / pale / mad / bad / blind / wrong / hungry etc.
　　run dry /cold / loose / short / small / high / wild etc.
　　sound sweet / true / pleasant / all right etc.
　　prove sound / useless / useful / false / successful etc.
　　keep fit / calm / cool / quiet / silent / fine / happy / well etc.
　　come right / true / easy / loose / alive / cheaper / natural etc.
　　smell sweet / nice /good / sour / awful etc.
B. 分词作表语
　　分词作表语的情况已在前面有过详细介绍，这里只简单补充两点：
(1) 现在分词或过去分词都可作表语。如：
　　[现在分词]
　　Foreign press reports are rather confusing. 外国的新闻报道让人有些迷惑不解。
　　The little girl has been missing for three days. 那个小女孩已经丢了三天了。
　　[过去分词]
　　Please be seated!请坐好！
　　My grandfather has been retired for ten years. 我爷爷已退休10年了。
(2) 除be外，“其他系动词+现在分词或过去分词”也可作表语。如：
　　Cherry seemed (to be) lacking in enthusiasm. 切莉似乎缺乏热情。
　　The food smells inviting. 饭香诱人。
　　The housing reform question remained unsolved. 住房问题仍没解决。
　　The manager appeared taken aback. 经理显得很吃惊。
C. 副词和介词短语作表语
(1) 与介词同形的副词on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，in，off，through，up，down，about，around，out，over等常可作表语。如：
　　Roger knew his father was around somewhere. 罗杰知道他父亲就在附近的某个地方。
　　It being Saturday, scarce a soul was about. 这天是星期六，附近几乎没有一个人。
　　Is it above or below 它在上面还是在下面？
　　Are they up yet 他们起来了吗？
(2) 大多数介词和介词短语可作表语。如：
　　As a scholar, Evan is far above me. 作为学者，埃文远在我之上。
　　The Dead Sea is below sea level. 死海在海平面以下。
　　Richie's with his mother for the summer. 里奇和他妈妈一起度暑假。
　　Rex is behind the others in ability. 雷克斯在能力上比别人差。
(3) 有不少介词可以构成固定短语作表语。如：
　　of the same age 同样年龄　　　　 of different sizes 不同尺寸
　　of great importance 很重要　　　　 of little value 价值不大
　　of great help 有帮助　　　　 of no use 没用
　　in high spirits 情绪高涨　　　　 in trouble 处境困难
　　in difficulty 碰到困难　　　　 in good order 有条有理
　　in line with 符合　　　　　　 in danger 有危险
　　out of order (机器)坏了　　　　 out of danger 脱险
　　out of cigarettes 纸烟抽完了　　 out of work 失业
　　under investigation 正在调查　　 under discussion 正在讨论www.21-cn-jy.com
　　under way 正在进行　　　　 under the weather 身子不适
　　under medical treatment 正在治疗 under the impression 有……印象，觉得……
　　注意：
　　有些表时间的介词短语可用作表语。如：
　　Lunch will be in ten minutes. 过10分钟就吃午饭了。
　　The show is from nine till twelve. 演出时间是9点到12点。
D. 表语从句
(1) 由that和whether引导的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表语从句。一般情况下，if引导的表语从句常用whether取代。在口语中，that引导的表语从句中，that也可省略。如：21教育网
　　The fact is that they are cross with each other. 事实是他们生彼此的气。
　　The reason was that you don't trust her. 原因是你不信任她。
　　What surprised me w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as that she knew so much about China. 使我吃惊的是她对中国有这么深的了解。
　　The questio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n is whether we can reduce the cost of the product. 问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。
　　相关试题解析：
　　The reason I didn't go to France was_____a new job. (托福题)
　　A. because I got B. because of getting　　
　　C. due to　　 　　　　 D. that I got
　　【选D】译文：我没去法国的原因是我得到了一份新工作。
(2) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的表语从句。如：
　　That's how I look at it. 这是我对这个问题的看法。
　　That's where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。
　　The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 问题是能派谁去顶替他。
　　相关试题解析：
Portland, Ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ine, is_____the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow spent his early years.
(托福题)
　　A. where　　 B. it where　 C. where is D. which is where
　　【选A】译文：缅因州的波特兰是诗人亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗早年生活的地方。
(3) 关系代词型的what也可引导表语从句。如：
　　That's what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。
　　Fame and pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsonal gain is what (the thing that) they're after. 他们追求的是名利。
　　相关试题解析：
　　Water will co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntinue to be_____it is today—next in importance to oxygen. (考研题)
　　A. how　　　 B. which　　　　 C. as　　　　 D. what
　　【选D】译文：水会继续保持现在的地位——其重要性仅次于氧。
(4) 由as if等引导的表语从句。如：
　　It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。
　　It felt as though my head were splitting. 我觉得头仿佛要裂开似的。
　　注意：
　　除了as if / as though之外，从属连词as和because也可引导表语从句。如：
　　Things are not always as they seem to be. 事情并不总是如其表象。
　　It may be because he is too young. 这可能是因为他太年轻了。
　　It is because he doesn't know her. 这是由于他不认识她。
　　相关试题解析：
　　What's the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) matter with Harry I don't know, but he certainly looks______he'd lost his best friend. (托福题)21世纪教育网版权所有
　　A. that　　 B. so that　　 C. as　　　　 D. as if
　　【选D】 译文：哈里怎么了？ 我不知道，不过他看起来好像是失去了自己最好的朋友。
(5) 主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，不用why。如：
　　The reason ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )why you got panic is that you haven't been well prepared for what's going to happen. 你之所以恐慌是因为你没有为要发生的事做好准备。【出处：21教育名师】
学以致用
【能力提升】
1. 翻译填空。
(1) That is____________(他如何救那个小孩的).
(2)(问题在于)____________who can do the hard job.
(3)(这就是为什么)____________he was late for school.
(4)(这正是)____________what we need most.
(5)(我的想法是)____________that we should go to help her at once.21教育名师原创作品
(6)(看起来)____________as if it is going to rain.
(7)(我们的建议是)__________________that we play a friendly match with Class Six.
(8)(他的困难是)____________that he can't find a job.
(9)(最重要的事情是)____________all children should go to school.21*cnjy*com
(10) What I wanted to know was____________(谁将去访问那个可怕的村子).
2. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) The question is______we will have our sports meet next week.
　　A. that 　　 B. if 　　　　 C. when 　　　　 D. whether
(2) The reason why he failed is______he was too careless.
　　A. because B. that 　　　　 C. for 　　　　 D. because of
(3) Go and get your coat. It's______you left it.
　　A. where 　 B. there 　　　　 C. there where 　　D. where there
(4) The problem is______to take the place of Ted.
　　A. who can we get 　　　　　　 B. what we can get
　　C. who we can get 　　　　　　 D. that we can get
(5) What I want to know is______he likes the gift given by us.
　　A. that 　 B. if 　　　　 C. whether 　　 D. /
(6) The reason is______I missed the bus.
　　A. that 　　　B. when 　　　　C. why 　　　　 D. what
(7) That is______we were late last time.
　　A. that 　　　　B. when 　　　　 C. why 　　　 D. what
(8) She looked______she were ten years younger.
　　A. that 　　　　B. like 　　　　 C. as 　　　　 D. as though
(9) —I feel sick!
　　—I think it is______you are doing too much.
　　A. why 　　　B. when 　　　　 C. what 　　　　 D. because
(10) The reason why he hasn't come is______.
　　A. because hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s mother is ill 　　 B. because of his mother's being ill
　　C. that his mother is ill 　　　　 D. for his mother is ill
参考答案
【能力提升】
1. (1)how he saved the child　　(2)The problem is 21·cn·jy·com
　　(3)That's / was why　　　　(4)That is
　　(5)My idea / thought is　　 (6)It looks
　　(7)Our suggestion is　　　　(8)His difficulty is
　　(9)The most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) important thing is　　(10)who should go to visit the terrible village
2. (1)D (2)B (3)A (4)C (5)C (6)A (7)C (8)D (9)D (10)C
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