高中英语语法之21·定语　基础训练＋能力提升

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
张道真全范围英语语法之·定语
目 录
话说定语
A 定语表示法
构成定语的词和结构
分词作定语
不定式作定语
介词短语作定语
其他词或词组作定语
B 定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
as引导的定语从句
基础练习
能力提升
Unit 21 定 语
话说定语
　　定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，有时也放在名词之后。当它修饰复合不定代词时，则一定放在这些不定代词之后。有些短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。
A. 定语表示法
1. 构成定语的词和结构
(1) 形容词构成的定语。如：
　　Ariel is a lovely girl. 艾莉尔是一个可爱的姑娘。
　　The girl responsible was expelled. 那位负责的姑娘被开除了。
(2) 代词构成的定语。如：
　　Whose fault is it 这是谁的错？
　　This could change our lives. 这可以改变我们的生活。
(3) 数词构成的定语。如：
　　Cassie bought two kilos of apples. 凯西买了两千克苹果。
　　Our office is on the 12th floor. 我们的办公室在12楼。
(4) 名词或名词所有格构成的定语。如：
　　They are going to send a trade delegation to China. 他们将派一个贸易代表团来中国。
　　What's your father's view about it 你父亲对此有何看法？
(5) 分词短语构成的定语。如：
　　There is a door leading to the street. 有一扇门通往大街。21世纪教育网版权所有
　　What do you th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink of the proposal put forward by Kuomintang 国民党提出的建议你觉得如何？21·世纪*教育网
(6) 不定式或不定式短语构成的定语。如：
　　Perhaps in years to come we shall meet again. 或许在未来的岁月中我们还会相见。
　　There are a lot of things to be done. 有很多事要做。
(7) 介词短语构成的定语。如：
　　That has no relation to the matter under discussion. 这和讨论的问题没关系。
　　Plans for the weekend are still tentative. 关于周末的计划还是暂时的。
(8) 副词构成的定语。如：
　　The scenery up at the lake is just breathtaking. 湖上风光令人惊讶。
　　The buildings around were badly damaged. 附近的建筑受到严重的破坏。
(9) 词组或合成词构成的定语。如：
　　Is there anything the matter with you 发生什么事了？
　　They were mostly well-to-do farmers. 他们大多数是富有的农民。
(10) 从句构成的定语。如：
　　There are a number of factors which we're to consider. 有很多因素我们需要考虑。
　　This is the only reference book that I find useful. 这是我发现的唯一有用的参考书。
2. 分词作定语
(1) 有些现在分词可转化成形容词作定语。如：
　　All bedroo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ms in this hotel have hot and cold running water. 这家旅馆的每间卧室里都有冷热水。
　　It's the most exciting news. 这是非常激动人心的消息。
(2) 在不少情况下，现在分词短语起定语从句的作用，都放在所修饰的词之后。如：
　　There are a lot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of children needing / who need medical attention. 有大量需要医疗护理的儿童。
　　There was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )long line waiting / who were waiting outside the cinema. 在电影院外等候的是长长一行人。
(3) 过去分词也有很多已转化为形容词作定语。如：
　　Andy had a worried look on her face. 安迪脸上有忧愁的表情。
　　Chris is the daughter of a retired professor. 克莉丝是一位退休教授的女儿。
　　This is one of our required subjects. 这是我们的必修课之一。
(4) 过去分词短语作定语，放在所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：
　　Caroline boug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht a computer (which was) produced in Shanghai. 卡罗琳买了一台上海生产的电脑。
　　What do you think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the play (which was) put on by the students 学生们演的戏剧你觉得怎么样？21教育网
　　Diana is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dancer (who was) trained in our college. 黛安娜是我们大学培养的舞蹈演员。
3. 不定式作定语
(1) 在有些句型中可用不定式作定语。如：
　　I have several letters to write today. 我今天有好几封信要写。
　　I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。
　　There is nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可怕的。
(2) 在某些名词后，常可用不定式作定语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。常见的这类名词有：ability，ambition，attempt，decision，drive，effort，failure，intention，plan，promise，reason，wish，way，movement等。如：
　　We've got to think of a way to explain it. 我们得想办法解释它。
　　We're starting a movement to clean up the city. 我们将开展一场清洁城市的运动。
　　I had not the courage to tell you. 我没有勇气告诉你。
(3) 有时不定式也可代替定语从句。如：
　　In the lecture ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to follow (=which followed) she talked about South Africa. 在以后的报告中，她谈到南非的情况。
　　Donna was one of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e girls (=who were) to be sent to work in Columbia. 堂娜是将要派往哥伦比亚工作的姑娘之一。
　　Do you know anyt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing about the conference (=which is) to be held next week 你对下星期召开的会议了解些什么呢？
4. 介词短语作定语
(1) 由of引起的介词短语作定语。见下表：
　　表示所有关系的介词短语
　　the wealth of the nation 国家的财富
　　the interests of the people 人民的利益
　　表示特征的介词短语
　　a man of good temper 好脾气的人　　
　　a child of five 五岁的孩子
　　表示动宾关系的介词短语
　　love of study 对学习的热爱　　
　　treatment of eye cases 对于眼疾的治疗
　　表示主谓关系的介词短语
　　the growth of industry 工业的增长
　　the fall of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国的灭亡
　　表示部分与整体关系的介词短语
　　the whole of it 全部　　
　　the most dangerous of enemies 最危险的敌人
　　表示同位关系的介词短语
　　he city of Beijing 北京城 　　　　
　　that despot of a landlord 那个恶霸地主
(2) 由其他介词引导的短语作定语。见下表：
　　表示地点的介词
　　the table nearby the window 靠窗的桌子
　　the hotel opposite the station 车站对面的旅馆
　　the houses along the street 沿街的房子
　　表示时间的介词
　　a walk in the evening 晚间的散步　　
　　their activities during the holidays 他们假期的活动
　　some time between seven and nine 7点到9点的某一个时间
　　表示特征的介词
　　children under ten 十岁以下的孩子
　　the man in a brown jacket 穿棕色夹克的人
　　the woman with a baby in her arms 那位抱孩子的妇女
　　表示类属的介词
　　songs for children 儿童歌曲　　
　　a thirst for knowledge 求知欲
　　a man from the Ministry of Education 教育部来的人
　　a report on the international situation 有关国际形式的报告21cnjy.com
(3) 由动词或形容词派生的名词之后可用介词引起的短语作定语。而这个名词后的介词往往与它的同源动词或形容词后的介词是一致的。如：21·cn·jy·com
　　his experience ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in teaching phonetics=He is experienced in... 他教语音学的经验
　　a specialist in heart diseases=He specialized in... 心脏病专家　　
5. 其他词或词组作定语
(1) 普通名词作定语。如：
　　information desk 询问处 heart attack 心脏病复发 alarm clock 闹钟
　　air conditioner 空调机　　 telephone number 电话号码 health centre 医疗中心　　
　　blood pressure 血压　　　 family planning 计划生育　 brain drain 人才外流　　　　
　　welfare state 福利国家　　 winter sports 冬季运动　　 credit card 信用卡　　
(2) 形容词作定语。如：
　　a long-distance ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll 长途电话one-way traffic 单向交通　present-day life 现今的生活　　　　
　　a part-time job 兼职工作　　front-page news 头版新闻　day-to-day teaching 日常教学
(3) 名词所有格作定语。如：
　　Bill asked for my cousin's address. 比尔要了我表妹的地址。
　　I like the car's design. 我喜欢这辆汽车的设计。
　　Cheney was the paper's editor-in-chief. 切尼是这家报纸的主编。
(4) “名词+of”构成的短语作定语。如：
a glass of beer 一杯啤酒　 a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶　　
a cup of tea 一杯茶　　 a loaf of bread 一大块面包　
a pile of earth 一堆土　　　 a roll of paper 一卷纸　　
a pair of glasses 一副眼镜　 a pair of pants 一条裤子　　
a bit of advice 一点忠告　 a series of problems 一系列问题
a pair of socks一双短袜　　 a crowd of people 一群人
　　注意：
　　由“名词+of”构成的定语有时不带冠词a。如：
　　lots of people 很多人　　　　 plenty of time 大量时间
　　loads of friends 许多朋友　　 miles of swamps 大片的沼泽地
　　rows of houses 一排排的房子　　 masses of work 大量的工作
　　groups of children 一群群的孩子　　great numbers of tourists 大量游客
B. 定语从句 　　
　　定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用，修饰句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that和关系副词when，where，why等。如：
　　[关系代词that引导的定语从句]
　　This is the apartment that they built last year. 这就是他们去年修建的公寓。
　　[关系代词who引导的定语从句]
　　The man who is st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anding by the gate is our doorman. 站在大门旁边的那个人是我们的门卫。【版权所有：21教育】
　　[关系副词where引导的定语从句]
　　Children between the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ages of three and six go to kindergarten, where they are well looked after. 三至六岁的儿童都上幼儿园，他们在那里得到很好的照顾。　　
　　相关试题解析：
The famous basketba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll star,______tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
(高考题)
　　A. where B. when C. which D. who
　　【选D】 先行词是表示人的名词，并且关系代词在从句中作主语，应用who。
1. 限制性定语从句
　　大多数定语从句都对所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )修饰词的意思加以限制，表示“……的人或事物”，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句，也称作限制性关系从句。常用的引起限制性定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有：
　　that
(1) 关系代词tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t常用在all，few，little，everything，nothing，any-thing，none等代词之后引起限制性定语从句。如：　　
　　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
　　Finally th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e thief handed in everything that he had stolen. 最后小偷上缴了他所偷的东西。
(2) 先行词被all，any，eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry，each，little，no，some等词修饰时，后面只能用that引起限制性定语从句。如：
　　I have read all the books that you gave me. 我已经读了你给我的所有书。
(3) 当先行词被形容词最高级或the only，the very等强调时，后面只能用that引起限制性定语从句。如：
　　This is the best book that I've ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的书。
　　He is the only person that I want to see now. 他是我现在唯一想见的人。
(4) that 也可代替在从句中作宾语的whom。如：
　　The man wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om / that I saw told me to come to the room. 我见到的人告诉我来这个房间。
　　The man with whom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I travelled / that I travelled with couldn't speak Chinese. 和我一起旅行的人不会说汉语。
　　who，whose
(1) 关系代词who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用于指人，通常在句中作主语。在非正式文体中，who可代替whom，在句中作动词宾语或介词宾语，而且常可省略。在作介词宾语时，不能置于介词之后。如：
　　A doctor is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) person who looks after the people's health. 医生是关照人们健康的人。
　　The girl (who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) I was talking with just now is a graduate. 刚才和我谈话的那个姑娘是个研究生。
　　相关试题解析：
　　Duke Elling ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ton was a composer, conductor and pianist______ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures. (托福题)
　　A. him　　　　 B. although　　 C. or　　　　 D. who
　【选D】译文：埃林顿公爵是一位作曲家、指挥家和钢琴演奏家，是最了不起的爵士乐名人之一。
(2) whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：
　　People whose rents have been raised can appeal. 房租被提高的人可以上诉。
　　The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him. 电影讲的是一个被他妻子出卖的间谍。
　　相关试题解析：
　　The river______ban ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ks used to be covered with fruit trees and flowers is now seriously polluted.(高考题)
　　A. of which B. along which C. where D. whose
　 【选D】题意为：过去常被果树和鲜花覆盖的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )岸边的河流已经被严重污染了。whose可指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。本题中whose作banks的定语。如选A，banks前应加the，of which the+名词=the+名词+of which=whose。
　　whom
(1) 关系代词whom用于指 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人，是who的宾格形式，在从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语，常可省略。whom作介词宾语时，介词可位于whom之前或句末，在非正式文体中常位于句末；紧接介词的whom不能省略。如：
　　This is the nurse (whom) we have talked about. 这就是我们谈论过的那个护士。
　　I telephone ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the teacher whom Henry had recommended. 我给亨利推荐的那个老师打电话了。
(2) 代表物时多用which或that，可在从句中作主语、宾语或介词的宾语。如：
　　This is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )play which / that created a great sensation. 这就是那部引起轰动的电视剧。
　　The book which they sent me is very good. 他们寄给我的那本书非常好。
　　This is the best novel (that) I see. 这是我读过的最好的小说。
　　when，where，why等关系副词也可引导定语从句。
　　when
　　关系副词when代指和修饰主句中表示时间的先行词，在从句中作时间状语，可以省略。在语义上，when相当于“介词+which”。如：
　　I will never forget the day when I met Mr Lu Xun. 我永远忘不了见到鲁迅先生的那一天。
　　July and August ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are the months when the weather is hot. 七、八月是天气最热的月份。
　　where
　　关系代词where代指和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )修饰主句中表示地点的先行词，在从句中作地点状语，当先行词为place时，where可以省略。在语义上，where相当于“介词+which”。如：
　　Everyone wants ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to visit the place where Premier Zhou once worked. 大家都想参观周总理曾工作过的地方。
　　The knee is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 膝盖是大腿骨和小腿大骨相连处的关节。
　　相关试题解析：
　　It is human na ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ture to think back to a Golden Age______one's country was strong and respected.(六级题)
　　A. when　　 　B. provided　　 C. as　　　　 D. unless
　　【选A】译文：回忆自己国家强大而备受尊崇的全盛时期，这是人性使然。
　　why
　　关系副词why的先行词只有reason，在从句中作原因状语，可以省略。如：
　　Jane didn't t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ell me the reason why she refused to go to the correspondence uni-versity. 简没跟我讲她拒绝去函授大学的原因。
　　There was no definite reason why she should do so. 她这样做并没有什么一定的理由。
　　其他
(1) 限制性定语从句由who / whom，whose，that，which等关系代词引导。修饰人时多用who。如： 2·1·c·n·j·y
　　The man who stole your bike has been arrested. 偷你自行车的人已经捕获。
　　Anyone who saw the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) accident please get touch with the police. 请目击这一事故的人与警方联系。
　　He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. 想吃果子的人要爬树。
(2) 在介词后引导限 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )制性定语从句的关系代词为whom，whose和which，介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或从句中谓语动词的搭配。如：
　　The family at whose ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) house we stayed were friends of my father's. 那家主人是我父亲的朋友，我们曾在他家住过。
　　This is the book for which you asked. 这是你所要的书。
　　The person from wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om the message came did not say his name. 送来信的人没有说出其姓名。
相关试题解析：
　　Government reports, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations______formal language is used.(四级题)www.21-cn-jy.com
　　A. in which　　　B. at what　　 C. on which　　 D. in that
　　【选A】译文：正式语言主要用于政府报告、考试作文、法律文件和大多数公务信件的写作。
2. 非限制性定语从句
　　非限制性定语从句就是对所修 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )饰的名词没有限制意义，而只补充一点情况，与主句意义关系不紧密，将其去掉也不影响句子的成分。它和所修饰的名词之间常用逗号隔开。常用who / whom，whose和which等关系代词引起这类定语从句。如：
　　This letter is fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m my sister, who is working in a company now. 这是我姐姐写给你的信，她现在在一个公司工作。
　　I have many friends, some of whom are painters. 我有许多朋友，其中有些是画家。
　　Mrs Gray, whose chil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dren are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。
　　Last night ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I saw a very good film, which was about the Anti-Japanese War. 昨晚我看了一部很好的电影，是关于抗日战争的。
(1) which，whom等可以与of 或其他介词连用。如：
　　She still rememb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers the day on which she won the prize. 她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。
　　I met the frui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我碰到了那些摘水果的人，其中有几个是大学生。
　　This I did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at nine o'clock, after which I sat reading the paper. 9点钟我做这件事，之后我坐着看报。
　　相关试题解析：
1. I have many friends,_____some are businessmen.(高考题)
　　A. of them　 B.from which　　 C.who of　　 D.of whom
　　【选D】因句中用了逗号， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )且后面的句子中有谓语动词，因此可知后一句是非限制性定语从句，所以A项不对；若句中逗号改用分号，画线中可填some of them。B项中的which引起定语从句时只能指物。C项为混乱用法。
2. The Social Sec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urity Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds,______could go penniless by next year. (考研题)
　　A. the larger one　　　　　　 B. the larger of which
　　C. the largest one　　　　　　 D. the largest of which
　　【选B】译文：这项社会保险退休计划由两笔信托基金组成，其中较大的一笔到明年可能分文不剩。
(2) which代表前面句子的全部或部分意思，有时还可在句中作定语。如：
　　Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。
　　Aron said t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat he had never seen her before, which was not true. 亚伦说他从没见到过她，这是不真实的。
　　John advised ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) me to hide behind the door, which advice I took at once. 约翰劝我躲在门后，我立即照他的话做了。
　　Kenny believes in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )public ownership, which idea I'm quite opposed to. 肯尼相信公有制，这个想法我完全反对。
　　相关试题解析：
　　Jim passed the dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iving test,______surprised everybody in the office.(高考题)
　　A. which B. that C. this D. it
　　【选A】题意为：吉姆 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通过了驾驶考试，这让办公室里的每个人都很吃惊。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，which代指前一句话的内容，在从句中作主语，若加上连词and，则可以选用其他选项。2-1-c-n-j-y
(3) which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如：
　　These apple tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
　　Paula is an artist, which I am not. 保拉是一位艺术家，而我不是。
　　Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
　　The two policemen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were completely trusted, which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。
　　相关试题解析：
　　The American Academy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of Poets, ______the 1930's，provides financial assistance to support working poets. (托福题)
　　A. when it was founded　　　　 B. was founded
　　C. which was founded in　　　　 D. was founded in
　　【选C】译文：成立于20世纪30年代的美国诗人协会为职业诗人提供经济上的帮助。
(4) 在介词引导的非限 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )制性定语从句中，关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词，而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。如：
　　They were s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hort of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines, without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿，没有它们产量会减少一半。
　　They thanked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Tom, without whose support they would not have succeeded. 他们对汤姆表示了感谢，因为没有他的支持他们就不会成功。
　　These new neig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hbors, to whom I was introduced yesterday, have come here from Beijing. 这些邻居是北京来的，昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。
　　相关试题解析：
　　Living in the we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stern part of the country has its problems,______obtaining fresh water is not the least. (四级题)
　　A. with which　　B. for which　　 C. of which　　 D. whose
　　【选C】译文：要在这个国家的西部生活是困难的，获取淡水便是其中最不好解决的问题之一。
(5) 关系副词when和where也可引导非限制性定语从句。如：
　　We then moved to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Japan, where we lived for five years. 我们后来搬到日本，在那里住了五年。
　　In the old days, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) when I was a little boy, the city had no industry to speak of. 在过去，我小的时候，这个城市没有工业可言。
3. as引导的定语从句
(1) as与such，the same连用，代替的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。如：
　　Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming. 那些认识汤姆的女人都认为他很迷人。
　　There was a look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of fear in her eyes, such as people have when they are sud-denly awakened. 她眼睛里有一种人们突然被唤醒时产生的恐惧表情。
　　My stand on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this is just the same as it was four years ago. 我对这个问题的立场仍和四年前一样。
　　相关试题解析：
　　You are just the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame_____you were the day when I first met you. (考研题)
　　A. that　　　　 B. like　　　　 C. to　　　　 D. as
　　【选D】译文：你跟我第一次见你那天简直一模一样。
(2) 在the same...as / that结构中，as表示“相似性”，that表示“同一性”。如：
　　This is the same p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en as I lost yesterday. 这支钢笔和我昨天丢失的那支是一样的。(两者相似，但不是同一个)
　　This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天丢失的那支钢笔。(同一个)
　　相关试题解析：
1. I will buy the same jacket______he is wearing.(高考题)
　　A. like　　 　　B. that　　 　　 C. as　　　　 D. which
　　【选C】as可以引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，常与the same或such搭配。
2. It wasn't such a good dinner______she had promised us. (四级题)
　　A. that　　　　 B. which　　　　 C. as　　　　 D. what
　　【选C】译文：这顿饭并不像她对我们保证的那么好。
(3) as引导非限制 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。但通常用于as we all know，as is known to all，as it is，as is said above，as already mentioned above，as is usual，as is often the case，as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限制性
定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句之间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……，就像……”之意。如：
　　[as在从句中作主语]
　　As is known ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer. 美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
　　[as在从句中作表语]
　　Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 他虽是个孩子，却被选为国王。
　　[as在从句中作宾语]
　　Taiwan is, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as you know, an inseparable part of China. 你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
　　相关试题解析：
　　______is gener ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally accepted，economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production. (考研题)
　　A. What　　　　B. That　　　　 C. It　　　　 D. As
　　【选D】译文：经济增长取决于生产的平稳发展，这种观点被人们普遍接受。
学以致用
【基础练习】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) Don't talk about such things of______you are not sure.
　　A. which　　 B. what　 C. as 　　 D. those
(2) Is this the factory______you visited the other day
　　A. that 　　 B. where　　　　 C. in which　　 D. the one
(3) Is this factory______some foreign friends visited last Friday 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
　　A. that 　 B. where 　C. which 　　 D. the one
(4) Is this the factory______he worked ten years ago
　　A. that 　　B. where C. which 　　 D. the one
(5) The wolves hid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) themselves in the places______couldn't be found.
　　A. that 　 B. where 　C. in which D. in that
(6) The freezing po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )int is the temperature______water changes into ice.
　　A. at which B. on that 　C. in which 　D. of what
(7) This book will show you______can be used in other contexts.
　　A. how you have observed B. what you have observed
　　C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed
(8) The reason is______he is unable to operate the machine.
　　A. because B. why 　C. that 　　 D. whether
(9) I'll tell you______he told me last week.
　　A. all which B. that 　　　　C. all that D. which
(10) That tree,______branches are almost bare, is very old.
　　A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which
(11) I have bought the same dress______she is wearing.
　　A. as B. that 　　 C. which D. what
(12) He failed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the examination,______made his father very angry.
　　A. which B. it 　　 C. that 　　 D. what
(13) We're ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lking about the piano and the pianist______were in the concert we attended last night.
　　A. which B. whom 　　 C. who 　　 D. that
(14) The girl_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____an English song in the next room is Tom's sister.
　　A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang 　　　D. was singing
(15) Those__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
　　A. learn B. who 　　 C. that learns D. who learn
(16) Anyone______this opinion may speak out.
　　A. that against ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. what against C. who is against D. who are against
(17) Didn't you see the man______
　　A. I nodded just now 　　　　 B. whom I nodded just now
　　C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now
(18) Can you lend me the novel______the other day
　　A. that you talked 　　　　 B. you talked about it
　　C. which you talked with 　　D. you talked about
(19) Is there anything______to you
　　A. that is belonged 　　　　 B. that belongs
　　C. that belong 　　　　　　 D. which belongs
(20) —How do you like the book
　　 —It's quite different from______I read last month.
　　A. that 　B. which C. the one 　　 D. the one what
2. 根据括号内所给提示翻译下列句子。
(1) 这家超市里商品丰富，你想买什么就买什么。(whatever)
　　
(2) 仪式一结束，来宾们就去参观校史展览馆。(the minute)
　　
(3) 既然你去过日本，你应该了解那里的风俗。(now that)
　　
(4) 无论别人对你的方案说什么，你都要相信自己。(no matter what)
　　
(5) 即使你不精通使用电脑，也可以在这家计算机公司工作。(even if)
【能力提升】
1. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) The place______interested me most was the Children's Palace. 21*cnjy*com
　　A. which 　　　　B. where 　　　 C. what 　　　　 D. in which
(2) Do you know the man______
　　A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke 　　
　　C. I spoke to 　　 D. that I spoke
(3) This is the hotel______last month.
　　A. which they stayed 　　　　 B. at that they stayed
　　C. where they stayed at 　　　　 D. where they stayed
(4) Do you know th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e year______the Chinese Communist Party was founded
　　A. which 　　　　B. that 　　　　 C. when 　　　　 D. on which
(5) That is the day______I'll never forget.
　　A. which 　　　　B. on which 　　 C. in which 　　 D. when
(6) The factory______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
　　A. where 　　　　B. to which 　　 C. which 　　　　D. in which
(7) Great changes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have taken place since then in the factory______we are working.
　　A. where 　　　　B. that 　　　　 C. which 　　　　D. there
(8) This is one of the best films______.
　　A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
　　C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
(9) Can you lend me the book______the other day
　　A. about which you talked 　　 B. which you talked
　　C. about that you talked 　　　　 D. that you talked
(10) The pen______he is writing is mine.
　　A. with which B. in which 　　 C. on which 　　 D. by which
(11) They arrived ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at a farmhouse, in front of______sat a small boy.
　　A. whom 　　　　B. who 　　　　 C. which 　　　　D. that
(12) The engineer______my father works is about 50 years old.
　　A. to whom 　 B. on whom 　　 C. with which 　　D. with whom
(13) Is there anyone in your class______family is in the country
　　A. who 　　　　　B. who's 　　　 C. which 　　　　D. whose
(14) I'm interested in______you have said.
　　A. all that 　　 B. all what 　　 C. that 　　　　 D. which
(15) I want to use the same dictionary______was used yesterday. 21教育名师原创作品
　　A. which 　　　　B. who 　　　　 C. what 　　　　 D. as
2. 完形填空。
　　Most people have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is (1)______I became an animal collector in the first (2)______.The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any (3)______was not the conventional“mamma”or“daddy”, (4)______the word“zoo”, which I would (5)______over and over again with a shrill(6)______until someone,in groups to (7)______me up, would take me to the zoo. When I(8)______a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great (9)______of pets,ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all
my spare time (1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0)______the countryside in search of fresh specimens to (11)______to my collection of pets. (12)______on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student (13)______, to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bison and ostriches, (14)______were not easy to keep at home.When I left, I (15)______had enough money of my own to be able to (16)______my first trip and I have been going (17)______ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of(18)______, it is certainly a job which will appeal (19)______all those who love animals and (20)______.
　　(1) A. how 　 B. where 　　　　 C. when 　　　　 D. whether
　　(2) A. region 　　 B. field 　　　　 C. place 　　　　 D. case
　　(3) A. clarity 　　 B. emotion 　　 C. sentiment 　　 D. affection
　　(4) A. except 　　 B. but 　　　　 C. except for 　　 D. but for
　　(5) A. recite 　　 B. recognize 　　 C. read 　　　　 D. repeat
　　(6) A. volume 　　B. noise 　　　　 C. voice 　　　　 D. pitch
　　(7) A. close 　　 B. shut 　　　　 C. stop 　　　　 D. comfort
　　(8) A. grew 　　 B. was growing 　　 C. grow 　　　　 D. grown
　　(9) A. many 　　 B. amount 　　 C. number 　　 D. supply
　　(10) A. living 　　 B. cultivating 　　 C. reclaiming 　　 D. exploring
　　(11) A. increase 　B. include 　　 C. add 　　　　 D. enrich
　　(12) A. Later 　　 B. Further　　　　 C. Then 　　　　 D. Subsequently
　　(13) A. attendant 　B. keeper 　　 C. member 　　 D. aide
　　(14) A. who 　　 B. they 　　　　 C. of which 　　 D. which
　　(15) A. luckily 　B. gladly 　　　　 C. nearly 　　　　D. successfully
　　(16) A. pay 　　 B. provide 　　 C. allow 　　　　 D. finance
　　(17) A. normally 　B. regularly 　　 C. usually 　　　D. often
(18) A. expectations 　　 B. sorrows　　
C. excitement 　　 D. disappointments
　　(19) A. for 　　　　 B. with 　　　　 C. to 　　　　 D. from
　　(20) A. excursion 　　 B. travel 　　　　 C. journey 　　 D. trip
参考答案
【基础练习】
1. (1)A (2)A (3)D (4)B (5)A (6)A (7)B (8)C (9)C (10)A
(11)A (12)A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (13)D (14)A (15)D (16)C (17)D (18)D (19)B (20)C
2. (1)There a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re a variety of goods in this supermarket, so you can buy whatever you want to buy.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
(2)The minu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te the ceremony was over, the honoured guests went to visit the museum of the school history.www-2-1-cnjy-com
(3)Now that you ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve been to Japan, you should know about the customs there.
(4)No matte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r what others say about your design, you should believe in yourself.
(5)Even i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f you are not good at using a computer, you can still work in this computer company.
【能力提升】
1. (1)A (2)C (3)D (4)C (5)A (6)A (7)A (8)A (9)A (10)A
(11)C (12)D (13)D (14)A (15)D
2. (1)A (2)C (3)A (4)B (5)D (6)C (7)D (8)C (9)A (10)D
　　(11)C (12)A (13)D (14)D (15)D (16)D (17)B (18)D (19)C (20)B
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